(共65张PPT)
教材知识讲练
必修三册
Unit 1 Knowing me, knowing you
续写语料积累 背诵·句之美
1．(行为描写)(2020·浙江卷)...a young male polar bear who was playing in a nearby lake sniffed, and smelled our garlic bread．
2．(心理描写)(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)I do know how upset the shop staff can get, but I try to persuade them to keep smiling．
3．(人物描写)(2022·汕头市模拟)She was one of the friendliest people in the school, with shiny black hair and a mile-wide smile．
续写语料积累 欣赏·语之秀
(2022·南通市联考)Jordan felt embarrassed, but he pretended not to hear．He quickly paid for all his goods and rushed out of the supermarket, leaving the woman staring at him from behind．He looked at his watch and imagined that he would make it with good luck．
语基自查自测·巩固验收
01
核
心
单
词
检
测 1．(2021·新高考卷Ⅰ)Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ______(sure) the survival of our natural resources．
2．(2020·浙江卷)The polar bear walked towards the fence seeking _______(tear) it down to attack us．
3．(2019·江苏卷)In addition, their arms that are unnecessary for moving around are freed for other purposes, like throwing stones or _________(signal)．
ensure
to tear
signaling
核
心
单
词
检
测 4．You can choose to forgive someone who has hurt you even if they do not deserve or ask for____________(forgive)．
5．I didn't think our meeting was __________ (accident)—he must have known I would be there．
forgiveness
accidental
派生单词检测 1．His rudeness was __________ in the circumstance and the public was more _________ of it than the press．(forgive)
2．It is an __________ chair；it can be ________ to your height．(adjust)
3．His ____________ questions made me ___________ greatly．I felt my face burning with _____________．(embarrass)
forgivable
forgiving
adjustable
adjusted
embarrassing
embarrassed
embarrassment
派生单词检测 4．Most of us are longing to be ___________ from our parents，because we can't be _________ on them all our lives and our ____________ shows that we've grown up．(depend)
5．I bet she was _______ at having to write it out again，in fact，she stamped her foot in _________．(annoy)
independent
dependent
independence
annoyed
annoyance
高频短语检测 be angry with，protect...from...，by accident，let down，in a mess，help out, to...extent
1．Rose is such a kind girl that whenever she hears that someone is in trouble she will go to ________．
2．If you don't bring a birthday present to Lucy，you may ___ her ____．
help out
let
down
高频短语检测 3．Don't _____________ us．We could have eaten out with you together，but we were busy with our final reports when you called in．
4．Penicillin was discovered ___________，which went well beyond the researchers' expectations．
5．We should _______ our environment ____ being polluted so that our next generation will enjoy a blue sky and live a healthy life．
be angry with
by accident
protect
from
重点句式检测 1．每次看这张照片，我都会想起我的快乐童年。(every time引导时间状语从句)
______________________________，I always think of my happy childhood．
2．我们应尽力帮助我们喜爱和尊重的人。(疑问词＋ever引导名词性从句)
We should try our best to help ____________________________．
Every time I look at the picture
whomever we love and respect
重点句式检测 3．人们普遍认为，具有优秀品质的人更有可能在职业生涯中取得成功。(it is＋过去分词＋that)
__________________________ people with good qualities are more likely to achieve success in their career．
It is widely believed that
考点探究归纳·多维讲练
02
词法探究
句法探究
1 breath [课本义] n．一口气[增补义] n．呼吸
练中回想——单句语法填空/补全句子
①Oceans are “the lungs of our planet”，providing most of the oxygen we _______ (breath)．
②(2022·全国甲卷) It was a hot day．When we paused to ________________ (歇口气)，Steve got down on one knee．
breathe
catch our breath
完美写作——续写佳句之动作描写
③一路跑着去学校，玛丽到达教室时上气不接下气。
Running all the way to school, Mary was _____________ when she reached her classroom．
④这个小男孩躲在门后面，屏住呼吸，唯恐被找到。
Hiding behind the door, the little boy _______________ for fear of being found．
out of breath
held his breath
练后归纳——搭配拓展
?hold one's breath屏住呼吸
?lose one's breath喘不过气来
?take a deep breath深呼吸
?catch one's breath 缓一口气；歇口气
?out of breath上气不接下气
?breathe v．呼吸
?breathe a sigh of relief如释重负，松了一口气
语料输入——必备素材
?reach the school out of breath 上气不接下气地赶到学校
?hold their breath to see who would win the gold medal 他们屏住呼吸来看谁将赢得金牌
?breathe fresh air呼吸新鲜空气
2 concern [课本义] n．忧虑，担心[增补义] n．关心，挂念 v．忧虑，担心；关心；涉及
练中回想——语法填空
①_________(concern) about the student, the teacher called his parents to find out why he was so often absent from class．
②The meeting was concerned ____ reforms and everyone present was concerned _________ their own interests．
③I'm writing to express my opinion __________(concern) Chinese customs, which is useful for you to pay a visit to a Chinese friend．
Concerned
with
for/about
concerning
完美写作——词汇升级
④In my opinion，students should do more listening and speaking so that they can develop their communication skills．
→________________________，students should do more listening and speaking so that they can develop their communication skills．
As far as I am concerned
练后归纳——搭配拓展
?show/express concern about/for...对……表示关心/担心
?concerned adj．担心的；关注的
?be concerned about/for...担心……；关心……
?be concerned with...涉及……；关心……
?as far as...be concerned就……而言
?concerning prep．关于；有关
语料输入——必备素材
?the concerned parents忧心忡忡的家长们
?cause a widespread concern about air pollution 引起对空气污染的广泛关注
?several questions concerning the study of English 有关英语学习的几个问题
3 adjust [课本义] v．适应，(使)习惯[增补义] v．调节，调整；校准
练中回想——语法填空
①Mother was worried about whether she could adjust to ______(live) in the mountainous village alone．
②I am writing to apologize to you for my not making ____________(adjust) to the relevant information in time, which caused great inconvenience to you．
living
adjustments
完美写作——建议信佳句
③Knowing that you ______________________________________________________________________________(在适应新的学校生活方面有些困难), I'm writing to give you some tips, which I hope will be of
help to you．
have some difficulty in adjusting yourself
to/adjusting to the new school life
练后归纳——搭配拓展
?adjust...to...调整……以适应……
?adjust (oneself) to (doing)...使(自己)适应于(做)……
?adjustment n．调整；调节；适应
?make an adjustment to...对……做出调整
语料输入——必备素材
?learn to adjust ourselves to society 学会让我们自己适应社会
?adjust yourself to the new environment as soon as possible 使你自己尽快适应新环境
4 help out 帮一把
练中回想——语法填空
①(2022·全国甲卷) He is right，but I can't help ________(wish)they would keep those old ferries．
②(2021·全国乙卷) If you're the host, you can ask them to help you in the kitchen ____ something and just remove them from the situation．
③(2020·新高考卷Ⅰ)Before the film began, each woman was asked to help herself __ a snack．
wishing
with
to
完美写作——续写佳句之细节描写
④(2020·新高考卷Ⅰ)正是在Ms．Meredith 和她的孩子们的帮助下，Bernard的爆米花生意取得成功。
_________________________________________________ Bernard's business of popcorn took off．(强调句)
It was with the help of Ms．Meredith and her children that
练后归纳——搭配拓展
?help (sb．) (to) do sth．帮(某人)做某事
?help sb．with sth．在……方面帮助某人
?can't help doing sth．禁不住做某事
?can't help but do sth．不得不做某事
?help oneself (to sth．) 自取；自用
?with the help of...在……的帮助下
语料输入——必备素材
?be always willing to help me out when I am in trouble当我有困难时，总是愿意帮助我
?help me with English 帮我学英语
?help children (to)develop team spirit 帮助孩子们培养团队精神
5 let down 使失望，辜负
①(2021·天津3月卷)After _____________ his anger and frustration, he found himself on a road to sympathy instead．
②(2021·天津3月卷)Working this way for one year was painful enough, _________ a lifetime．
③The theater was so small that they refused to ______ any more people．
letting go of
let alone
let in
完美写作——申请信佳句
④(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)If I'm admitted as a volunteer, I _______________
(不会让你失望的)．
won't let you down
练后归纳——搭配拓展
?let alone更不用说；更谈不上
?let sb．/sth．alone不管/不干涉某人/某物
?let off释放；使(炸药等)爆炸
?let out 使出去；放出；泄露；发出(声音)
?let go (of) 放手，松手，放开；使自由
?let in 放进，让……进来；容许；许可
语料输入——必备素材
?devote themselves to their study not to let their parents down 他们专心学习为的是不让父母失望
?let out loud shouts of victory 发出胜利的欢呼声
6 [教材原句]It is believed that EQ plays an even more important role than IQ (intelligence quotient) in people's lives．
人们认为，在生活中，情商比智商扮演着更重要的角色。
练中回想——语法填空
①___is believed that she can do this thing well．
②(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)The total number of all multigenerational households in Britain is thought _____ (be) about 1.8 million．
③A number of paintings in this castle are believed ______________________(destroy) in a fire in 2023．
It
to be
to have been destroyed
完美写作——一句多译
人们认为中国剪纸在中国有1 500多年的历史。
④_____________________________________________more than 1，500 years in China．
⑤__________________________________________________more than 1，500 years in China．
Chinese paper-cutting is believed to have a history of
It is believed that Chinese paper-cutting has a history of
练后归纳——句法分析
“It is believed that...”意为“人们相信/认为……”(该句型可改写为“Sb．/Sth．is/are believed to be/to do...”或“People believe that...”)。常见的此类句型还有：
?It is said that...据说……
?It is suggested that...有人建议……
?It is thought that...人们认为……
?It is known that...众所周知……
语料输入——高考写作佳句背诵
It is known that theory is based on practice and in turn serves practice．
众所周知，理论是基于实践并反过来服务于实践。
三层固基达标训练
03
层级一
层级二
层级三
Ⅰ．用所给词的正确形式填空
1．(2021·新高考卷Ⅰ)You can't help __________ (wonder) how hard it was for the people then to put all those rocks into place．
2．(2019·江苏卷)_________(adjust) to an upright position was quite a challenge, especially when the bones had to support an extra-large skull．
wondering
Adjusting
3．Lack of confidence is believed _____(be) one of the main reasons for failure．
4．In summer，fresh air is comfortable___________(breathe) and natural scenery is pleasant to enjoy．
5．I'd like to share with you some information __________(concern) Chinese table manners．
to be
to breathe
concerning
Ⅱ．在空白处填入一个适当的词
1．(2022·浙江1月卷) I assured him I would finish the project alone and that I wouldn't let him ____．
2．It was my mother who helped me ___ of the trouble when I felt really helpless during that period of time．
3．I have just been in Australia for a week and I'm trying to adjust myself __ the climate here．
4．Concerned _________ the health of her son, Mrs．Jackson went to school to visit him every week．
down
out
to
about/for
Ⅰ．用所给词的正确形式填空
1．(2020·新高考卷Ⅱ)Don't be afraid or ___________ (embarrass) to discuss something that is bothering you．
2．(2019·天津卷)Tom is so ___________(dependent) that he never asks his parents' opinion unless he wants their support．
embarrassed
independent
3．It was not what he said after the lecture that _______(annoy) us but the way he said those words．
4．When first introduced to the market, the computer software was not a success due to its __________(complex)in operation．
annoyed
complexity
Ⅱ．在空白处填入一个适当的词
1．Please put these teaching materials in order and don't leave them __ a mess．
2．Hearing his words, I felt puzzled and didn't know __ what extent I could believe him．
3．When men let ___ steam, they tend to shout; women, on the other hand, express their feelings by weeping．
4．Just remember that success in your life doesn't happen___ accident．It's actually the result of your hard work．
in
to
off
by
Ⅰ．熟词生义(选出黑体词在句中的汉语意思)
1．(2021·新高考卷Ⅰ)Jenna threw the burnt piece into the sink and put in the other slice of bread．_
A．使(船)沉没
B．(厨房里的)洗涤池，洗碗槽
C．倒下，坐下
B
2．(2020·浙江卷)When I made my major life decisions，I was still that little girl tearing full-speed across the lawn．_
A．眼泪，泪水 B．撕破 C．疾驰，飞跑
3．(2019·天津卷)We've all known people who run out of steam before they reach life's halfway mark．_
A．水蒸气 B．蒸汽动力
C．动力
C
C
Ⅱ．长难语句(分析句子的结构并翻译成汉语)
1．(2022·浙江1月卷) Yet properly understood，the age of electricity is merely the second stage in the age of steam，which began a century earlier．
化繁为简本句为复合句。句中the age of electricity...in the age of steam 为主句，前面的Yet properly understood为过去分词短语作____，修饰后面的句子；which began a century earlier为____从句，修饰________________。
[尝试翻译] 然而，正确地理解应该是，电气时代仅仅是蒸汽时代的第二个阶段，蒸汽时代始于一个世纪前。
状语
定语
the age of steam
2．(2022·全国乙卷) By using the latest technologies，drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways，detecting faults in the rail or switches，before they can cause any safety problems．
化繁为简本句为复合句。介词短语By using the latest technologies作________；detecting faults in the rail or switches为v．-ing形式短语作________；before引导________从句。
[尝试翻译]通过使用最新的技术，无人机也可以开始为铁路提供更高价值的服务，在轨道或铁路道岔上的故障引发任何安全问题之前对其进行检测。
方式状语
伴随状语
时间状语
三维提能培优训练
04
维度一
维度二
维度三
短文中黑体部分为本单元核心知识点，请在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并背诵该短文。
Generally speaking，it is hard for you 1．_________(adjust) yourself to the new life every time you move to a new place．Here are some useful tips for you, which I think won't let you down．
to adjust
Firstly, work hard．It is your duty to pull your weight．Try to be 2．________________(independent) than before while you are at work．And at the same time, ensure that you make good use of each minute to learn something new to improve 3．________(you)．
Secondly, be helpful and friendly．When you get to a new place, it's important for you to show concern for others．When they're in trouble, you'd better try to help them 4．___．
more independent
yourself
out
Thirdly, always keep in mind 5．____ loose lips sink ships．When talking to others, do think carefully before speaking to avoid 6．______(say) some words that will hurt others．If you say something that makes others 7．_______ (annoy) by accident, you must apologise to them and ask them to forgive you as soon as possible．
that
saying
annoyed
Lastly, try to stay calm no matter 8．____ happens．When you get angry by something and want to let off steam, you'd better take a deep breath first．And then try to resolve the problem in a 9．________ (peace) way．Moreover, it is impolite to criticise others in public, for it's hard for a person to hide his 10．_____________(embarrass)．
what
peaceful
embarrassment
用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识完成满分作文
假定你是李华，你的美国朋友Ann发来邮件说她在新学校与朋友相处方面遇到了一些问题。请你给她回一封邮件，内容包括：
1．表示理解；
2．提出建议；
3．表达祝愿。
注意：词数80左右。
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
Dear Ann，
I'm sorry to learn you're having trouble getting along with your friends in your new school．However，there is no need to worry about it．The problem is easy to resolve if you take my tips．
To begin with，if you put your foot in your mouth by accident，be sure to apologise to your friend sincerely．To tell the truth，I believe that your friend will forgive you anyway．Moreover，I suggest you help your friends out when necessary，which will enable you to develop a close bond with them．
Hope my advice will be of help to you．May you adjust to the new environment as soon as possible．
Yours，
Li Hua
情感细节描写之“焦虑”“担忧”“绝望”和“不耐烦”
Step 1．储备词汇(记牢本单元可用于描写的词汇)
单词 anxious, worried, worrying, helpless, hopeless, concerned, anxiously，anxiety, worry, helplessness, hopelessness, concern
短语 ①with anxiety 焦虑地 ②be concerned about 担忧 ③be worried about 担心 ④full of anxiety 焦虑不安 ⑤feelings of anxiety and concern 焦虑而担忧的感觉
Step 2．尝试练笔(翻译下面的续写语句)
用表“焦虑、担忧和绝望”的表达和其他描写手法补全下列句子
①他们在山里迷了路，只好焦急地等待救援。
Lost in the mountain, they _______________________________________________．
②随着夜色渐深，他们越来越担忧。
As the evening wore on, they _________________________________．
had nothing to do but wait for rescue
anxiously
grew increasingly/more and more worried
③树林开始起雾了，他们周围的一切都被黑暗吞噬，这无疑使他们更加无助和绝望。(用环境描写烘托人物的绝望)
a．Fog began creeping into the forest．Everything around them was swallowed by the darkness, ____________________________________
_______________________．(非限制性定语从句)
b．Fog began creeping into the forest．Everything around them was swallowed by the darkness, ____________________________________
_________________________．(分词短语作状语)
which undoubtedly left them even more
helpless and desperate
undoubtedly leaving them even more
helpless and desperate
④托尼无助地站在那里，皱着眉。
Tony ______________________，frowning．
⑤玛丽既担心又害怕，几乎要哭了。
a．________________________，Mary ___________________．(形容词作状语)
b．Mary _________________________________________．(介词短语)
stood there helpless
Anxious and frightened
was close to crying
was close to crying with anxiety and fear续写语料积累 背诵·句之美 欣赏·语之秀
1．(行为描写)(2020·浙江卷)...a young male polar bear who was playing in a nearby lake sniffed, and smelled our garlic bread． 2．(心理描写)(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)I do know how upset the shop staff can get, but I try to persuade them to keep smiling． 3．(人物描写)(2022·汕头市模拟)She was one of the friendliest people in the school, with shiny black hair and a mile-wide smile． (2022·南通市联考)Jordan felt embarrassed, but he pretended not to hear．He quickly paid for all his goods and rushed out of the supermarket, leaving the woman staring at him from behind．He looked at his watch and imagined that he would make it with good luck．
核心单词检测 1．(2021·新高考卷Ⅰ)Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ensure(sure) the survival of our natural resources． 2．(2020·浙江卷)The polar bear walked towards the fence seeking to tear(tear) it down to attack us． 3．(2019·江苏卷)In addition, their arms that are unnecessary for moving around are freed for other purposes, like throwing stones or signaling(signal)． 4．You can choose to forgive someone who has hurt you even if they do not deserve or ask for forgiveness(forgive)． 5．I didn't think our meeting was accidental (accident)—he must have known I would be there．
派生单词检测 1．His rudeness was forgivable in the circumstance and the public was more forgiving of it than the press．(forgive) 2．It is an adjustable chair；it can be adjusted to your height．(adjust) 3．His embarrassing questions made me embarrassed greatly．I felt my face burning with embarrassment．(embarrass) 4．Most of us are longing to be independent from our parents，because we can't be dependent on them all our lives and our independence shows that we've grown up．(depend) 5．I bet she was annoyed at having to write it out again，in fact，she stamped her foot in annoyance．(annoy)
高频短语检测 be angry with，protect...from...，by accident，let down，in a mess，help out, to...extent
1．Rose is such a kind girl that whenever she hears that someone is in trouble she will go to help out． 2．If you don't bring a birthday present to Lucy，you may let her down． 3．Don't be angry with us．We could have eaten out with you together，but we were busy with our final reports when you called in． 4．Penicillin was discovered by accident，which went well beyond the researchers' expectations． 5．We should protect our environment from being polluted so that our next generation will enjoy a blue sky and live a healthy life．
重点句式检测 1．每次看这张照片，我都会想起我的快乐童年。(every time引导时间状语从句) Every time I look at the picture, I always think of my happy childhood． 2．我们应尽力帮助我们喜爱和尊重的人。(疑问词＋ever引导名词性从句) We should try our best to help whomever we love and respect． 3．人们普遍认为，具有优秀品质的人更有可能在职业生涯中取得成功。(it is＋过去分词＋that) It is widely believed that people with good qualities are more likely to achieve success in their career．
1 breath [课本义] n．一口气[增补义] n．呼吸
①Oceans are “the lungs of our planet”，providing most of the oxygen we breathe (breath)．
②(2022·全国甲卷) It was a hot day．When we paused to catch our breath (歇口气)，Steve got down on one knee．
③一路跑着去学校，玛丽到达教室时上气不接下气。
Running all the way to school, Mary was out of breath when she reached her classroom．
④这个小男孩躲在门后面，屏住呼吸，唯恐被找到。
Hiding behind the door, the little boy held his breath for fear of being found．
?hold one's breath屏住呼吸
?lose one's breath喘不过气来
?take a deep breath深呼吸
?catch one's breath 缓一口气；歇口气
?out of breath上气不接下气
?breathe v．呼吸
?breathe a sigh of relief如释重负，松了一口气
?reach the school out of breath 上气不接下气地赶到学校
?hold their breath to see who would win the gold medal 他们屏住呼吸来看谁将赢得金牌
?breathe fresh air呼吸新鲜空气
2 concern [课本义] n．忧虑，担心[增补义] n．关心，挂念 v．忧虑，担心；关心；涉及
①Concerned(concern) about the student, the teacher called his parents to find out why he was so often absent from class．
②The meeting was concerned with reforms and everyone present was concerned for/about their own interests．
③I'm writing to express my opinion concerning(concern) Chinese customs, which is useful for you to pay a visit to a Chinese friend．
④In my opinion，students should do more listening and speaking so that they can develop their communication skills．
→As far as I am concerned，students should do more listening and speaking so that they can develop their communication skills．
?show/express concern about/for...对……表示关心/担心
?concerned adj．担心的；关注的
?be concerned about/for...担心……；关心……
?be concerned with...涉及……；关心……
?as far as...be concerned就……而言
?concerning prep．关于；有关
?the concerned parents忧心忡忡的家长们
?cause a widespread concern about air pollution 引起对空气污染的广泛关注
?several questions concerning the study of English 有关英语学习的几个问题
3 adjust [课本义] v．适应，(使)习惯[增补义] v．调节，调整；校准
①Mother was worried about whether she could adjust to living(live) in the mountainous village alone．
②I am writing to apologize to you for my not making adjustments (adjust) to the relevant information in time, which caused great inconvenience to you．
③Knowing that you have some difficulty in adjusting yourself to/adjusting to the new school life(在适应新的学校生活方面有些困难), I'm writing to give you some tips, which I hope will be of help to you．
?adjust...to...调整……以适应……
?adjust (oneself) to (doing)...使(自己)适应于(做)……
?adjustment n．调整；调节；适应
?make an adjustment to...对……做出调整
?learn to adjust ourselves to society 学会让我们自己适应社会
?adjust yourself to the new environment as soon as possible 使你自己尽快适应新环境
4 help out 帮一把
①(2022·全国甲卷) He is right，but I can't help wishing (wish)they would keep those old ferries．
②(2021·全国乙卷) If you're the host, you can ask them to help you in the kitchen with something and just remove them from the situation．
③(2020·新高考卷Ⅰ)Before the film began, each woman was asked to help herself to a snack．
④(2020·新高考卷Ⅰ)正是在Ms．Meredith 和她的孩子们的帮助下，Bernard的爆米花生意取得成功。
It was with the help of Ms．Meredith and her children that Bernard's business of popcorn took off．(强调句)
?help (sb．) (to) do sth．帮(某人)做某事
?help sb．with sth．在……方面帮助某人
?can't help doing sth．禁不住做某事
?can't help but do sth．不得不做某事
?help oneself (to sth．) 自取；自用
?with the help of...在……的帮助下
?be always willing to help me out when I am in trouble当我有困难时，总是愿意帮助我
?help me with English 帮我学英语
?help children (to)develop team spirit 帮助孩子们培养团队精神
5 let down 使失望，辜负
①(2021·天津3月卷)After letting go of his anger and frustration, he found himself on a road to sympathy instead．
②(2021·天津3月卷)Working this way for one year was painful enough, let alone a lifetime．
③The theater was so small that they refused to let in any more people．
④(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)If I'm admitted as a volunteer, I won't let you down(不会让你失望的)．
?let alone更不用说；更谈不上
?let sb．/sth．alone不管/不干涉某人/某物
?let off释放；使(炸药等)爆炸
?let out 使出去；放出；泄露；发出(声音)
?let go (of) 放手，松手，放开；使自由
?let in 放进，让……进来；容许；许可
?devote themselves to their study not to let their parents down 他们专心学习为的是不让父母失望
?let out loud shouts of victory 发出胜利的欢呼声
6 [教材原句]It is believed that EQ plays an even more important role than IQ (intelligence quotient) in people's lives． 人们认为，在生活中，情商比智商扮演着更重要的角色。
①It is believed that she can do this thing well．
②(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)The total number of all multigenerational households in Britain is thought to be (be) about 1.8 million．
③A number of paintings in this castle are believed to have been destroyed(destroy) in a fire in 2023．
人们认为中国剪纸在中国有1 500多年的历史。
④Chinese paper-cutting is believed to have a history of more than 1，500 years in China．
⑤It is believed that Chinese paper-cutting has a history of more than 1，500 years in China．
“It is believed that...”意为“人们相信/认为……”(该句型可改写为“Sb．/Sth．is/are believed to be/to do...”或“People believe that...”)。常见的此类句型还有：
?It is said that...据说……
?It is suggested that...有人建议……
?It is thought that...人们认为……
?It is known that...众所周知……
It is known that theory is based on practice and in turn serves practice．
众所周知，理论是基于实践并反过来服务于实践。
Ⅰ．用所给词的正确形式填空
1．(2021·新高考卷Ⅰ)You can't help wondering (wonder) how hard it was for the people then to put all those rocks into place．
2．(2019·江苏卷)Adjusting(adjust) to an upright position was quite a challenge, especially when the bones had to support an extra-large skull．
3．Lack of confidence is believed to be(be) one of the main reasons for failure．
4．In summer，fresh air is comfortable to breathe(breathe) and natural scenery is pleasant to enjoy．
5．I'd like to share with you some information concerning(concern) Chinese table manners．
Ⅱ．在空白处填入一个适当的词
1．(2022·浙江1月卷) I assured him I would finish the project alone and that I wouldn't let him down．
2．It was my mother who helped me out of the trouble when I felt really helpless during that period of time．
3．I have just been in Australia for a week and I'm trying to adjust myself to the climate here．
4．Concerned about/for the health of her son, Mrs．Jackson went to school to visit him every week．
Ⅰ．用所给词的正确形式填空
1．(2020·新高考卷Ⅱ)Don't be afraid or embarrassed (embarrass) to discuss something that is bothering you．
2．(2019·天津卷)Tom is so independent(dependent) that he never asks his parents' opinion unless he wants their support．
3．It was not what he said after the lecture that annoyed(annoy) us but the way he said those words．
4．When first introduced to the market, the computer software was not a success due to its complexity(complex)in operation．
Ⅱ．在空白处填入一个适当的词
1．Please put these teaching materials in order and don't leave them in a mess．
2．Hearing his words, I felt puzzled and didn't know to what extent I could believe him．
3．When men let off steam, they tend to shout; women, on the other hand, express their feelings by weeping．
4．Just remember that success in your life doesn't happen by accident．It's actually the result of your hard work．
Ⅰ．熟词生义(选出黑体词在句中的汉语意思)
1．(2021·新高考卷Ⅰ)Jenna threw the burnt piece into the sink and put in the other slice of bread．B
A．使(船)沉没
B．(厨房里的)洗涤池，洗碗槽
C．倒下，坐下
2．(2020·浙江卷)When I made my major life decisions，I was still that little girl tearing full-speed across the lawn．C
A．眼泪，泪水 B．撕破 C．疾驰，飞跑
3．(2019·天津卷)We've all known people who run out of steam before they reach life's halfway mark．C
A．水蒸气 B．蒸汽动力
C．动力
Ⅱ．长难语句(分析句子的结构并翻译成汉语)
1．(2022·浙江1月卷) Yet properly understood，the age of electricity is merely the second stage in the age of steam，which began a century earlier．
本句为复合句。句中the age of electricity...in the age of steam 为主句，前面的Yet properly understood为过去分词短语作状语，修饰后面的句子；which began a century earlier为定语从句，修饰the age of steam。
[尝试翻译] 然而，正确地理解应该是，电气时代仅仅是蒸汽时代的第二个阶段，蒸汽时代始于一个世纪前。
2．(2022·全国乙卷) By using the latest technologies，drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways，detecting faults in the rail or switches，before they can cause any safety problems．
本句为复合句。介词短语By using the latest technologies作方式状语；detecting faults in the rail or switches为v．-ing形式短语作伴随状语；before引导时间状语从句。
[尝试翻译]通过使用最新的技术，无人机也可以开始为铁路提供更高价值的服务，在轨道或铁路道岔上的故障引发任何安全问题之前对其进行检测。
短文中黑体部分为本单元核心知识点，请在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并背诵该短文。
Generally speaking，it is hard for you 1．to adjust(adjust) yourself to the new life every time you move to a new place．Here are some useful tips for you, which I think won't let you down．
Firstly, work hard．It is your duty to pull your weight．Try to be 2．more independent(independent) than before while you are at work．And at the same time, ensure that you make good use of each minute to learn something new to improve 3．yourself(you)．
Secondly, be helpful and friendly．When you get to a new place, it's important for you to show concern for others．When they're in trouble, you'd better try to help them 4．out．
Thirdly, always keep in mind 5．that loose lips sink ships．When talking to others, do think carefully before speaking to avoid 6．saying(say) some words that will hurt others．If you say something that makes others 7．annoyed (annoy) by accident, you must apologise to them and ask them to forgive you as soon as possible．
Lastly, try to stay calm no matter 8．what happens．When you get angry by something and want to let off steam, you'd better take a deep breath first．And then try to resolve the problem in a 9．peaceful (peace) way．Moreover, it is impolite to criticise others in public, for it's hard for a person to hide his 10．embarrassment(embarrass)．
用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识完成满分作文
假定你是李华，你的美国朋友Ann发来邮件说她在新学校与朋友相处方面遇到了一些问题。请你给她回一封邮件，内容包括：
1．表示理解；
2．提出建议；
3．表达祝愿。
注意：词数80左右。
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
Dear Ann，
I'm sorry to learn you're having trouble getting along with your friends in your new school．However，there is no need to worry about it．The problem is easy to resolve if you take my tips．
To begin with，if you put your foot in your mouth by accident，be sure to apologise to your friend sincerely．To tell the truth，I believe that your friend will forgive you anyway．Moreover，I suggest you help your friends out when necessary，which will enable you to develop a close bond with them．
Hope my advice will be of help to you．May you adjust to the new environment as soon as possible．
Yours，
Li Hua
情感细节描写之“焦虑”“担忧”“绝望”和“不耐烦”
Step 1．储备词汇(记牢本单元可用于描写的词汇)
单词 anxious, worried, worrying, helpless, hopeless, concerned, anxiously，anxiety, worry, helplessness, hopelessness, concern
短语 ①with anxiety 焦虑地 ②be concerned about 担忧 ③be worried about 担心 ④full of anxiety 焦虑不安 ⑤feelings of anxiety and concern 焦虑而担忧的感觉
Step 2．尝试练笔(翻译下面的续写语句)
用表“焦虑、担忧和绝望”的表达和其他描写手法补全下列句子
①他们在山里迷了路，只好焦急地等待救援。
Lost in the mountain, they had nothing to do but wait for rescue anxiously．
②随着夜色渐深，他们越来越担忧。
As the evening wore on, they grew increasingly/more and more worried．
③树林开始起雾了，他们周围的一切都被黑暗吞噬，这无疑使他们更加无助和绝望。(用环境描写烘托人物的绝望)
a．Fog began creeping into the forest．Everything around them was swallowed by the darkness, which undoubtedly left them even more helpless and desperate．(非限制性定语从句)
b．Fog began creeping into the forest．Everything around them was swallowed by the darkness, undoubtedly leaving them even more helpless and desperate．(分词短语作状语)
④托尼无助地站在那里，皱着眉。
Tony stood there helpless, frowning．
⑤玛丽既担心又害怕，几乎要哭了。
a．Anxious and frightened, Mary was close to crying．(形容词作状语)
b．Mary was close to crying with anxiety and fear．(介词短语)
课时分层作业(十三)
Ⅰ．阅读理解
A 篇（限时6分钟）
(2022·昆明市“三诊一模”教学质量检测)
Many of us have dreams of being our own boss and starting our own businesses，and one woman has been able to make her dreams a reality with the help of a complete change of lifestyle．
Sam White，46，spent her teenage years washing cars in order to make ends meet and now she owns a￡20 million business empire．Speaking to the Manchester Evening News，she said，“My childhood was so unstable，so I always wanted and needed to be independent．I didn't believe working for someone else would give me that and that my future would still rely on someone else．”
At 24，Sam started her first business from a desk in her sister's art school but she was struggling with a panic disorder at the time and would find comfort in junk food，which led her to follow an unhealthy lifestyle．After the company reached a steady point a few years later，she decided to go travelling and in the process，completely changed her outlook on life．The woman said the “dramatic change” of scenery helped her mental health significantly，and she was even able to cut junk food out of her diet—dropping her from a size 24 to a size 12 by the time she returned to the UK．And the business mogul (大亨) believes changing her lifestyle also helps her succeed in her career as she is no longer scared of making decisions or speaking in public．
This year，Sam aims to grow one of the companies under her Freedom Services Group umbrella，Stella Insurance．She set it up in Australia for women．With each deal，the business donates $5 to a charity，and plans to grow the company in the UK are underway．
The now-millionaire said，“In my wildest dreams，I wouldn't have thought it could become the size that it has．”
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。Sam White年轻时以洗车为生，后来决心要独立，自己创业做老板，但是患上了惊恐性障碍，过着一种不健康的生活。在后来的旅行中，她改变了对待生活的态度并下定决心改变这种生活方式。正是这样的改变促成她后来的成功。
1．Why did Sam decide to set up her own business
A．To accumulate work experience．
B．To make donations to a charity．
C．To depend on herself in the future．
D．To raise money for her illness．
C [细节理解题。根据第二段中的“My childhood was ...independent．”可知，她的生活不稳定，所以她需要独立。再结合第一段内容可推知，她创业是为了以后依靠自己。故选C。]
2．What can we learn about Sam from the text
A．She used to be addicted to junk food．
B．She was offered a job in an art school．
C．She was good at speaking in public．
D．She set up Stella Insurance in the UK．
A [细节理解题。根据第三段中的“would find comfort in junk food”可知，过去她能通过吃垃圾食品找到安慰，也就是说过去她沉迷于吃垃圾食品。be addicted to“沉溺于”。故选A。]
3．Which words best describe Sam as a businesswoman now
A．Talented and energetic．
B．Successful and caring．
C．Ambitious and cautious．
D．Brave and imaginative．
B [推理判断题。根据第三段中的“succeed in her career”和第四段中的“donates $5 to a charity”可知，她在事业上很成功，并且乐于助人。故选B。]
篇
(2022·重庆市高中学业质量调研抽测)
There's a childlike joy that comes with ordering something online — whether it is clothes or kitchen stuff．We sit anxiously refreshing the postal service or express pages to see when our items will arrive，and we become overly excited，hopeful and anxious．
According to Owen O'Kane，a psychologist and writer，even the smallest positive future events can motivate us when we're feeling down—especially during the pandemic，which has been filled with unexpected disappointments．Waiting for a parcel may not just represent an imagined positive future where you can control your needs for a book or a toaster or a shirt，making life feel more manageable，but can also serve as a temporary distraction (分心的事物) from the boring life because it gives you something new to wake up to and get excited about．
However，people went into a frenzy when the postal service announced that its mail delivery would become permanently slower．And then，many became worried about whether their items would arrive on time，appear in a broken state，or simply not live up to their expectations．A delayed package may seem insignificant to some．But for others，getting their hopes up only for them to be thwarted(挫败) can cause anxiety and anger．O'Kane says these reactions are natural，but they are telling about more deep-rooted internal issues in our lives that go beyond the delayed package．It's really symbolic of something bigger，psychologically，of the need to control and the need for everything to be perfect．
It's important to practice self-care and treat yourself with occasional gifts．However，experts caution that comfort shopping is only a temporary fix，which only helps you escape problems temporarily．“Shopping for and receiving an item is stimulating on some level，and also the most passive way to live，” O'Kane adds．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。人们通过网购可以得到一丝慰藉，尤其是在疫情期间，然而，延迟送货又会让人抓狂。专家认为网购只会带来短暂的慰藉，人们仍需积极地面对生活并采取行动永久地解决问题。
4．Why do we look forward to receiving packages based on the first two paragraphs
A．It makes life easy to manage．
B．It gives us something positive to expect．
C．It distracts us from a better life．
D．It helps us avoid unexpected disappointments．
B [细节理解题。根据第一段中的“to see when...hopeful and anxious”和第二段中的“because it...get excited about”可知，人们之所以期待收到包裹是因为有积极的东西可以期待，故B项正确。]
5．What does the underlined phrase “went into a frenzy” probably mean
A．Canceled their orders．
B．Stood still to call for their parcels．
C．Got into a state of craziness．
D．Ran into a postal service company．
C [语义猜测题。根据本段中的“many became worried about whether their items...can cause anxiety and anger”可知，延迟送货会让人抓狂，故C项与画线部分的意思最为接近。]
6．What is O'Kane's attitude toward people's reactions to the delayed package
A．Concerned． B．Indifferent．
C．Optimistic． D．Positive．
A [观点态度题。根据第三段中的“O'Kane says these...the delayed package．”可以看出，面对人们对待延迟送货的反应，O'Kane表示很担心，故A项正确。]
7．What exactly does the writer want to say in the last paragraph
A．Find hope in your comfort shopping．
B．Never order and track something online．
C．Go shopping for and receiving items occasionally．
D．Live actively and take action to solve problems for good．
D [推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“comfort shopping is only...‘Shopping for and receiving an item is...the most passive way to live，’”可知，购物只能帮人短暂地逃避问题，是一种最消极的生活方式，据此可以推测，作者想要呼吁人们积极生活，采取行动永久地解决问题，故D项正确。]
篇
(2022·金丽衢十二校第一次联考)
When I talk to kids about writing，I often compare it to the roller coaster to remind them to mix laughs with thrills in writing，because nobody wants to ride a roller coaster that is long，never-ending and terrifying．Even Shakespeare，in his darkest tragedies，opens each act with a funny scene before the swords and daggers or poison come out．We need comic relief in literature，a break in the tension．
I have always tried to write stories for kids that mix the heart-racing thrill of a mystery with a few jokes．Maybe this is because，when I was in the fifth and sixth grades，the fun comic magazine was my favorite reading material．Then in high school，I was the class clown．When I first moved to New York City，I performed with one of the city's top comedy groups．Comedy，I have discovered，is a great teaching tool．It is also a wonderful defense against fear．
One of my favorite e-mails I've ever received was sent to me in 2009 by a young reader who loved my stories．Here's what he wrote:
Dear Mr．Grabenstein，
I just want to let you know that I really，absolutely love your books．I'm in 6th grade and recently have finished The Hanging Hill after reading The Crossroads．Your stories mix action，humor and horror together in a perfect combination．
Thanks so much!
Will R．
Comedy is a writer's tool for releasing tension and it also simply makes books more fun to read．I used humor in my novel The Island of Dr．Libris to make classic literature feel more accessible to young readers．I also think it's why so many reluctant readers—including kids who haven't read a book in years—have been crazy about Escape from Mr．Lemoncello's Library and Mr．Lemoncello's Library Olympics．Learning the Dewey Decimal System in the class can be fun if it is presented in a funny way．Because when we're laughing，we never think we're working too hard．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇议论文。作者通过自己的阅读和写作经历告诉热爱写作的人们：无论你创作什么类型的作品，都要学会使用幽默。
8．Where is the text probably from
A．A literature textbook． B．An autobiography．
C．A writing guidebook． D．A writing outline．
C [文章出处题。根据第一段的内容和最后一段的首句可以判断，本文主要讲述了如何写作可以让读者更有兴趣地阅读，这样的文章可能出自写作指南，故C项正确。]
9．Why does the author mention the e-mail from a student in paragraph 3
A．To prove a theory．
B．To explain a concept．
C．To support his opinion．
D．To introduce the topic．
C [写作意图题。根据第三段中的“One of my...loved my stories．”可知，作者之所以提到这封邮件是为了证明自己的观点和写作方式深受读者喜爱，故C项正确。]
10．Which of the following best describes Dewey Decimal System in the last paragraph
A．Efficient． B．Boring．
C．Simple． D．Effective．
B [推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Learning the Dewey Decimal System in the class can be fun...in a funny way．”可以推断，杜威十进制系统应该是无聊的，但是如果以一种有趣的方式呈现的话，或许就有意思了，故B项正确。]
11．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．Fun，an Element in Writing
B．Magazine，a Guide to Writing
C．Imagination，the Soul of Writing
D．The Clown Suit，a Decoration for Writing
A [标题归纳题。文章第一段提出观点“We need comic relief in literature，a break in the tension．”；第二、三段又以自己的亲身经历告诉读者，幽默的文风可以吸引读者；第四段再次强调观点“Comedy is a writer's tool for releasing tension and it also simply makes books more fun to read．”，故A项最适合作本文的标题。]
Ⅱ．完形填空
(2022·福州市质量抽测)
By morning，Arthur knew what he had to do after sitting all night 1 ．He went out and glanced again at his motorcycle．There was no hiding the 2 front lamp and the dent(凹痕) on the side．Arthur let out a sigh and went to run errands(跑腿) for his mother first．
It was late morning before Arthur was free to carry out his 3 ．He went toward Jay Pritchett's house．When the door opened，Arthur 4 his throat and said，“I'm so sorry．I carelessly knocked into your parked car．” Jay looked at the 17-year-old youth， 5 ．Arthur continued，“Sorry for not telling you 6 ．I was too frightened．”
Jay was silent for a minute before saying in a 7 voice，“You think it is the right thing to 8 for your brother？” Arthur went pale，wide-eyed．Jay explained that his brother had admitted how he had ridden Arthur's motorcycle and lost 9 ， resulting in the accident．Arthur asked 10 ， “Will he be arrested？”“No，just a small dent．” Seeing Arthur's 11 expression，he went on，“I hope， 12 ， your brother will learn from this．As for you，remember that it is 13 to hide the truth．”
Arthur thanked him and set off home．He was 14 of his brother's courage in admitting everything．He knew he could look forward to a good night's 15 ．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲述了主人公Arthur思考了一晚上之后，看着受损的摩托车，他准备替弟弟向Jay承认错误，结果当事人Jay说弟弟已经提前承认了自己的错误。由此，主人公也得到了一个教训，即要诚实，而不是试图掩盖真相。
1．A．working B．thinking
C．studying D．crying
B [根据上文中的“knew what he had to do...”和下文中的“Arthur let out a sigh”可知，Arthur经过整夜的思考，他知道他该如何去做了。]
2．A．broken B．stolen
C．lighted D．repaired
A [根据空后的“and the dent on the side”可知，车前灯也受损了。]
3．A．plan B．task
C．job D．test
A [根据空后的内容可知，Arthur准备去执行自己的计划，即替弟弟去承认错误。]
4．A．cleaned B．clicked
C．cleared D．cracked
C [clear one's throat是固定搭配，意为“清清嗓子”。]
5．A．surprised B．disappointed
C．concerned D．moved
A [根据下文中的“his brother had admitted how he had ridden Arthur's motorcycle...”可知，Jay听到Arthur道歉，有些吃惊，因为Arthur的弟弟已经承认自己闯了祸。]
6．A．frankly B．firmly
C．timely D．exactly
C [根据下文“I was too frightened．”可知，Arthur为自己在事发之后没有及时向对方承认错误感到抱歉。]
7．A．cold B．loud
C．sad D．kind
D [根据下文中的“You think it is the right thing...”可知，Jay当时的语气是友好的。]
8．A．turn up B．cover up
C．put up D．fix up
B [根据下文中的“his brother had admitted how he had ridden Arthur's motorcycle...”可知，作为哥哥的Arthur想通过向Jay道歉来掩盖真相，并包庇弟弟，与下文的“to hide the truth”呼应。cover up“掩盖”，符合语境。turn up“出现”；put up“建造”；fix up“修整”。]
9．A．temper B．control
C．confidence D．consciousness
B [根据空后的“resulting in the accident”可知，摩托车失控，引发了车祸。]
10．A．anxiously B．curiously
C．calmly D．thoughtfully
A [根据下文“Will he be arrested？”可知，Arthur为弟弟闯的祸感到焦虑。]
11．A．serious B．delighted
C．relieved D．worried
C [根据上文“No，just a small dent．”可知，当得知弟弟不会坐牢，Arthur顿时松了口气。relieved“放心的，感到宽慰的”。]
12．A．instead B．however
C．otherwise D．moreover
B [根据上文“No，just a small dent．”和下文“your brother will learn from this”可知，上下文是转折关系，故用however。]
13．A．unwise B．impolite
C．uncomfortable D．impractical
A [根据上文中的“your brother will learn from this”可知，Jay认为Arthur替弟弟掩盖事实的真相是不明智的。]
14．A．proud B．ashamed
C．afraid D．sure
A [弟弟有勇气承认所犯的错，作为哥哥Arthur应为之骄傲。]
15．A．treat B．party
C．reward D．rest
D [根据第一段中的“sitting all night”和全文大意可知，因为弟弟的事情解决了，担忧了一晚上的Arthur终于可以放心睡觉了，即晚上好好休息。]
Ⅲ．应用文写作
(2022·浙江金华十校11月模拟)
假定你是学生会主席李华，你校将组织一场毕业联欢会(graduation party)，请你用英语写一则书面通知，通知你校的交换生参加，内容包括：
1．时间、地点；
2．节目安排；
3．欢迎参加。
注意：1．词数80左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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【参考范文】
Notice
A graduation party will be held on Friday next week from 5：30 p．m．to 8：30 p．m．at the school stadium．
As scheduled，there will be an 8-minute video showing the happy moments of the life in the beginning．Next，various performances，such as dancing，singing and short plays will be given by the students to celebrate the graduation．Eventually，the beloved teachers will deliver a speech to express their best wishes．
We sincerely hope you can come．It would be great to see all of you there! It can be guaranteed that the party will be both cheerful and meaningful．
The Students' Union
