(共62张PPT)
教材知识讲练
必修三册
Unit 6 Disaster and hope
续写语料积累 背诵·句之美
1．(人物描写)(2021·新高考卷Ⅱ)...their eyes are shining and their faces light up...
2．(心理描写)(2019·浙江卷)As you can imagine, the trip is no piece of cake．
3．(景物描写)(2022·浙江1月卷)She has driven through 55 mph winds in Wyoming, heavy flooding and storms in Alabama and total whiteout conditions in Kansas．
续写语料积累 欣赏·语之秀
(2022·济宁市模拟)Suddenly, he slipped and fell into the lake accidentally．Struggling in the icy water, he cried for help, almost choking to death．Sensing the approach of death, Danny got into an overwhelming panic．
语基自查自测·巩固验收
01
核
心
单
词
检
测 1．Rescue workers built many ________(shelter) for survivors whose homes had been destroyed by the earthquake．
2．Stop talking! The weatherman ______________(forecast) the weather of the coming week on TV．
3．The earthquake occurred last week, ________(claim) thousands of people's lives．
shelters
is forecasting
claiming
核
心
单
词
检
测 4．(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)We are the products of evolution, and not just evolution that ________ (occur) billions of years ago．
5．The news that more than 80 tourists ____________ (rescue)from the landslide site yesterday has been confirmed．
occurred
were rescued
派生单词检测 1．They wrote me ___________ letters and broke my windows to ________ me．(threat)
2．At the age of five he showed ___________ talent as a musician．He plays the piano _____________ well．(exception)
3．The _________ made an ____________ of a peace agreement this morning．(announce)
threatening
threaten
exceptional
exceptionally
announcer
announcement
派生单词检测 4．I'm ________ informed that the company is being sold，and I think the information comes from a ________ source．(rely)
5．Economic ___________ are ___________ a recovery in the economy．(forecast)
reliably
reliable
forecasters
forecasting
高频短语检测 fly off，have yet to，after all，keep on，look through，all of a sudden
1．The group __________ find a replacement for the director who left in September．
2．He ________waving at his friends until the train was out of sight．
has yet to
kept on
高频短语检测 3．When the powerful earthquake struck and all lights went out_________________，it seemed as if the world was at an end．
4．I saw a butterfly in the garden yesterday, but it ________ before I could catch it．
5．____________ the official college website to learn more about the college campus，your classes and anything else that makes it easier to know the college better．
all of a sudden
flew off
Look through
重点句式检测 1．既然自然灾害随时可能发生，我们应该学会应对它们。(now that)
________________________________________________，we should learn to deal with them．
2．孩子们一听到这个消息，他们就高兴得跳了起来。(the moment)
__________________________________，they jumped with joy．
Now that natural disasters can happen/occur at any time
The moment the children heard the news
重点句式检测 3．他的工作是典型的周一至周五朝九晚五的工作。(typical)
__________________ his job is a nine-to-five，Monday-to-Friday job．
It is typical that
考点探究归纳·多维讲练
02
词法探究
句法探究
1 occur [课本义] v．发生 [增补义] v．出现；(想法、念头等)被想起，浮现
练中回想——语法填空
①John was thinking hard when a good idea occurred __ him．
②The frequent __________ (occur) of earthquakes in the area means that the building must be specially designed to withstand the force．
③It never occurred to her ______ (ask) anyone for help when she was in trouble．
to
occurrence
to ask
完美写作——续写佳句之细节描写
④(2020·新高考卷Ⅰ) 他突然想到伯纳德可以卖爆米花赚钱。
_______________________ Bernard could make some money by selling popcorn．
It occurred to him that
练后归纳——搭配拓展
?sth．occurs to sb．某人突然想起某事
?It occurs to sb．that...某人突然想起……
?It occurs to sb．to do sth．某人突然想起做某事
?occurrence n．发生；出现
语料输入——必备素材
?only occur to him in a dream 只是出现在他的梦中
?an excellent idea occurs to me 我想出了一个很棒的主意
[名师点津] 表示“某人突然想起……”的句式还有：sth．strikes/hits sb．，sb．hits/strikes on sth．，sth．comes to sb．，sth．comes into one's mind等。
2 claim [课本义]v．(战争、事故等)夺去(生命) [增补义] v．声称；主张；索赔；要求(拥有) n．要求；主张，声称
练中回想——语法填空
①Don't be taken in by advertisements claiming _______(help) you lose weight in a week．
②Doctors claimed __________________(discover) a cure for the rare disease．
to help
to have discovered
完美写作——建议信佳句
③__________________(据说)humor not only affects patients' moods, but also helps them recover faster．
It is claimed that
练后归纳——搭配拓展
?claim to do sth．声称/主张做某事
?claim to have done sth．声称做过某事
?It is claimed that...据称……；据说……
语料输入——必备素材
?claim to know what you don't know不懂装懂
?claim over 256 lives夺去了256多条性命
3 threaten v．威胁到，危及
练中回想——语法填空
①There's no snake known that will habitually attack human beings unless __________(threat) with its life．
②Our neighbour threatened _______(call) the police if we didn't stop the noise．
③Being stuck in a big fire is ___________，and we are __________ with it．(threat)
threatened
to call
threatening
threatened
完美写作——倡议书佳句
④Only when we learn to exist in harmony with nature can we stop ______________________________________(成为野生生物和地球的威胁)．(threat)
being a threat to wildlife and to our planet
练后归纳——搭配拓展
?threaten sb．with...用……威胁某人
?threaten to do sth．威胁去做某事
?threatening adj．恐吓的，威胁的；带有危险的
?threatened adj．受到威胁的；感到危险的
?threat n．威胁，可能会带来危险的人(事)
?a threat to...对……的威胁
语料输入——必备素材
?threaten people's lives 危及人们的生命
?threaten them with a gun用枪威胁他们
?threatening letters恐吓信
4 look through 浏览，查阅；审核
练中回想——语法填空
①Would you please look _______ the paper for me and see if there are any obvious mistakes
②(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid looking directly ____ his eyes so he doesn't feel challenged．
③It is time for us to look back _____ the past and look ahead __ the future when the new year comes．
through
into
on/at
to
完美写作——续写佳句之动作描写
④她把它们抱在胸前，终于抬起头来，泪流满面地微笑着。
She hugged them to her chest, and at last she was able to _____________________________________．
look up with tearful eyes and a smile
练后归纳——搭配拓展
?look into朝里看；调查
?look up抬头看；查阅
?look out (for)当心
?look up to尊敬；仰慕；钦佩
?look down on/upon 轻视，瞧不起
?look back on/at回顾；回想(某事)
?look ahead (to) 向前看/展望未来
语料输入——必备素材
?look through evening papers in his spare time 在空闲时间读晚报
?no reason for us to look down upon ordinary jobs 我们没有理由轻视普通的工作
5 keep on (doing sth．)继续(做某事)
练中回想——语法填空
① If the steps you take are working，keep __ up．If not，take another look at other methods you could try．
it
②In the face of all these difficulties，we're not discouraged but keep __ good spirits．
③Laughing is one of the best calorie-burning activities ever．Keep on _______ (share) giggles with everyone you come across because there is already enough darkness in the world．
up
sharing
完美写作——建议信佳句
④First of all，_________________(记住)you had better arrive punctually or some time earlier than the appointed time．
keep in mind that
练后归纳——搭配拓展
?keep up 坚持；维持；沿袭(风俗、传统等)
?keep it up保持优秀成绩；继续干下去
?keep up with 赶上；不落在后面
?keep away from (使)不接近；(使)远离
?keep in touch with...与……保持联系
?keep in mind that记住
语料输入——必备素材
?keep away from the edge of the cliff 切莫靠近悬崖边
?keep on until the task is finished 继续下去直到任务完成
?keep their spirits up before the big examination 大考前保持高昂的情绪
6 [教材原句]Now that it's hard to avoid a disaster on Earth, perhaps I should start thinking about moving to space...
既然在地球上很难躲避灾难，或许我应该开始考虑搬到太空去……
练中回想——语法填空
①Now ____ we are all part of the global village，everyone becomes a neighbour．
② She must have gone out early，___ she didn't show up at breakfast．
③ I felt pretty upset because __ what Mary said, but I tried not to think about it too much．
that
for
of
完美写作——建议信佳句
④________________________________________________________________ (既然你一直对中国传统文化感兴趣), I think Beijing Language and Culture University is an ideal place for you．
Now that/Since you have long been interested in traditional Chinese
culture
练后归纳——句法分析
?now that引导原因状语从句时，意为“既然，由于”，相当于since。它们表示显而易见的原因，语气较弱，引导的从句通常在主句之前。其他表示原因的连词：
?because因为(表示直接原因，语气较重，常用于回答why的提问)；as因为(语气较弱)；for因为(并列连词，引导一个分句，不能置于句首，表示进一步补充说明)。
语料输入——高考写作佳句背诵
It was because the traffic was so busy that Jack failed to arrive at the school on time．
因为交通太拥堵，所以杰克未能及时赶到学校。
三层固基达标训练
03
层级一
层级二
层级三
Ⅰ．用所给词的正确形式填空
1．Some cultures see direct eye contact as impolite or ___________(threaten) behavior, while Americans see it as a sign of genuineness (真诚) and honesty．
2．He wrote well in high school and an English teacher recognized this and advised him to keep on _______(write) no matter what happened to him．
threatening
writing
3．To everyone's surprise，Michael claimed ________________ (finish) all his homework in just one hour．
4．An unexpected storm ________(occur) when we were enjoying the pleasant voyage at the Yellow Sea．
5．_______ (look) through the newspapers every day, you can keep up with the rapidly developing situation．
to have finished
occurred
Looking
Ⅱ．在空白处填入一个适当的词
1．This is a great place for camping but you have to look out ___ snakes and spiders—Australia has some of the most dangerous creatures in the world．
2．Terrorism is a threat __ the whole country so we are determined to fight against it．
3．A perfect idea occurred __ us that we would give a handmade gift to our teacher for the coming Teachers' Day．
4．Now ____ Jack won't be with us for dinner, we needn't buy so much food．
for
to
to
that
Ⅰ．用所给词的正确形式填空
1．The man was holding an old umbrella, __________(shelter) his son from the rain．
2．Earthquakes can be destructive．Unfortunately, we don't have a ________(rely) way to predict．
sheltering
reliable
3．Wild applause broke out when the waiting crowd heard the _____________(announce) of the arrival of the leader at their community．
4．Due to the seriousness of the problem，he took immediate measures ___________ (immediate) he arrived at his office．
announcement
immediately
Ⅱ．在空白处填入一个适当的词
1．Three women and their children have been rescued ____ the burning house since the fire broke out．
2．All of _ sudden，I heard a girl's voice behind me．
3．What made us frightened was that the car crashed into the tree when one of the wheels flew ___．
4．__ is very necessary that students learn about traditional Chinese culture．
from
a
off
It
Ⅰ．熟词生义(选出黑体词在句中的汉语意思)
1．(2021·新高考卷Ⅱ)As the summer months roll in，our Georgian country estate makes the perfect setting for an outdoor fitness session．_
A．县，郡 B．乡村
C．国家
B
2．(2020·新高考卷Ⅰ)An actor hired by the researchers grabbed her food first．_
A．吃，喝 B．攫取，抓住
C．利用(机会)
3．(2019·江苏卷)There's a new indoor play centre, plus the special events and workshops, and others during school holiday periods．_
A．多；余 B．还有，以及
C．有利的
A
B
Ⅱ．长难语句(分析句子的结构并翻译成汉语)
1．(2022·浙江1月卷)As fate(命运)would have it，Dr．Henderson very deliberately matched everyone in class and announced that I would be working with the one person in class I wanted to avoid．
化繁为简本句为复合句。As fate would have it为as引导的评注性状语从句；that I would be working with the one person in class I wanted to avoid为that引导的____从句，其中I wanted to avoid为省略了关系代词的____从句，修饰______________。
[尝试翻译] 不巧，亨德森特别有意地将班上所有的人配对，并宣布我将和班上我想回避的一个人一起工作。
宾语
定语
the one person
2．(2021·全国乙卷) Of those Australians who still have a landline, a third concede that it's not really necessary and they're keeping it as a security blanket—19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case of emergencies．
化繁为简本句为并列复合句。句中who 引导的____从句，修饰先行词___________；a third concede that...a blanket是主句，该句本身是由and连接的并列复合句，and前的分句中that 引导____从句；破折号后又是一个并列复合句，其中they never use it为省略了引导词that的____从句，while 是____连词，表示转折，用于对比其前后两个分句。
[尝试翻译] 在澳大利亚仍使用座机的人中，三分之一的人承认座机其实不是必需的，他们将其作为一种心理安慰——19%的人表示他们从未使用过座机，而另有 13%的人保留座机以防紧急情况。
定语
Australians
宾语
宾语
并列
三维提能培优训练
04
维度一
维度二
维度三
短文中黑体部分为本单元核心知识点，请在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并背诵该短文。
Every summer is a high time for natural 1．_________(disaster)，such as typhoons，hurricanes，floods，heavy rains, landslides and so on．It has been 2．_____________(exceptional) hot in many cities this summer, with temperatures plus 38 degrees Celsius, and the heat 3．_____________(forecast) to last for three weeks．
disasters
exceptionally
is forecast
Many experts immediately gave 4．________(rely)explanations for the eruption of these extreme weather events．5．___is announced that extreme weather occurs mainly due to global warming, 6．_____ brings great crisis to people．7．________ (compare)to the heat, the heavy rain in Zhengzhou two years ago seriously 8．__________ (threaten)people's lives and property．Thanks to the timely rescue of the government and citizens, many people were saved．Otherwise, this emergency 9．___________(bring) unimaginable harm to people．
reliable
It
which
Compared
threatened
would bring
10．__ the face of natural disasters, we should take the following practical measures to protect ourselves．First, stay in the shelter as much as possible．Second, make sure you have sufficient food, water, and so on．Finally, listen to the weather warnings．
In
用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识完成满分作文
洪水、火山爆发、地震和海啸等自然灾害经常会不期而至。面对自然灾害我们应该怎么做呢？请你以“How to deal with natural disasters”为题写一篇英语短文，内容包括：
1．自然灾害造成的惨重损失；
2．如何应对自然灾害。
注意：词数80左右。
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
How to deal with natural disasters
Natural disasters，such as floods，earthquakes and tsunamis，often cause a great loss of life and damage．How should we deal with them
First of all，we should master rich knowledge about natural disasters by looking through books on natural disaster prevention and make adequate preparations for them．Secondly，when natural disasters really occur，we should protect our property and make sure we have sufficient food，water，medicine and so on．Besides，we should have a firm belief to fight against them．When we and others are in trouble, we should keep calm and do everything we can to rescue ourselves and others．Only in this way can we defeat natural disasters in the end．
情感细节描写之“疑惑”
Step 1．储备词汇(记牢本单元可用于描写的词汇)
单词 puzzled, puzzling, confused, confusing, questioningly，confusion
短语 ①at a loss 不知所措 ②go blank 一片空白
③a puzzled expression/look困惑的表情 ④be puzzled/confused about...对……感到困惑
Step 2．尝试练笔(翻译下面的续写语句)
用表“疑惑”的表达和其他描写方法补全下列句子
①他疑惑地看着我，因为他除了咖啡并没有点任何东西。
He __________________________，because he hadn't ordered anything but the coffee．
②一脸茫然地，他打开了包。
_________________________________，he opened the bag．(with的复合结构)
looked at me questioningly
With a blank expression on his face
③当他看到他最爱的蛋糕时，他脑子一片空白。
When he saw his favorite cake, his mind __________．
④他对于所发生的事感到困惑不解。
He _________________ what had happened．
⑤他感到迷惑，转身向店主走去。
___________，he turned around and walked toward the shopkeeper．
went blank
was puzzled about
At a loss续写语料积累 背诵·句之美 欣赏·语之秀
1．(人物描写)(2021·新高考卷Ⅱ)...their eyes are shining and their faces light up... 2．(心理描写)(2019·浙江卷)As you can imagine, the trip is no piece of cake． 3．(景物描写)(2022·浙江1月卷)She has driven through 55 mph winds in Wyoming, heavy flooding and storms in Alabama and total whiteout conditions in Kansas． (2022·济宁市模拟)Suddenly, he slipped and fell into the lake accidentally．Struggling in the icy water, he cried for help, almost choking to death．Sensing the approach of death, Danny got into an overwhelming panic．
核心单词检测 1．Rescue workers built many shelters(shelter) for survivors whose homes had been destroyed by the earthquake． 2．Stop talking! The weatherman is forecasting(forecast) the weather of the coming week on TV． 3．The earthquake occurred last week, claiming(claim) thousands of people's lives． 4．(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)We are the products of evolution, and not just evolution that occurred (occur) billions of years ago． 5．The news that more than 80 tourists were rescued (rescue)from the landslide site yesterday has been confirmed．
派生单词检测 1．They wrote me threatening letters and broke my windows to threaten me．(threat) 2．At the age of five he showed exceptional talent as a musician．He plays the piano exceptionally well．(exception) 3．The announcer made an announcement of a peace agreement this morning．(announce) 4．I'm reliably informed that the company is being sold，and I think the information comes from a reliable source．(rely) 5．Economic forecasters are forecasting a recovery in the economy．(forecast)
高频短语检测 fly off，have yet to，after all，keep on，look through，all of a sudden
1．The group has yet to find a replacement for the director who left in September． 2．He kept on waving at his friends until the train was out of sight． 3．When the powerful earthquake struck and all lights went out all of a sudden ，it seemed as if the world was at an end． 4．I saw a butterfly in the garden yesterday, but it flew off before I could catch it． 5．Look through the official college website to learn more about the college campus，your classes and anything else that makes it easier to know the college better．
重点句式检测 1．既然自然灾害随时可能发生，我们应该学会应对它们。(now that) Now that natural disasters can happen/occur at any time，we should learn to deal with them． 2．孩子们一听到这个消息，他们就高兴得跳了起来。(the moment) The moment the children heard the news，they jumped with joy． 3．他的工作是典型的周一至周五朝九晚五的工作。(typical) It is typical that his job is a nine-to-five，Monday-to-Friday job．
1 occur [课本义] v．发生 [增补义] v．出现；(想法、念头等)被想起，浮现
①John was thinking hard when a good idea occurred to him．
②The frequent occurrence (occur) of earthquakes in the area means that the building must be specially designed to withstand the force．
③It never occurred to her to ask (ask) anyone for help when she was in trouble．
④(2020·新高考卷Ⅰ) 他突然想到伯纳德可以卖爆米花赚钱。
It occurred to him that Bernard could make some money by selling popcorn．
?sth．occurs to sb．某人突然想起某事
?It occurs to sb．that...某人突然想起……
?It occurs to sb．to do sth．某人突然想起做某事
?occurrence n．发生；出现
?only occur to him in a dream 只是出现在他的梦中
?an excellent idea occurs to me 我想出了一个很棒的主意
[名师点津] 表示“某人突然想起……”的句式还有：sth．strikes/hits sb．，sb．hits/strikes on sth．，sth．comes to sb．，sth．comes into one's mind等。
2 claim [课本义]v．(战争、事故等)夺去(生命) [增补义] v．声称；主张；索赔；要求(拥有) n．要求；主张，声称
①Don't be taken in by advertisements claiming to help(help) you lose weight in a week．
②Doctors claimed to have discovered(discover) a cure for the rare disease．
③It is claimed that(据说)humor not only affects patients' moods, but also helps them recover faster．
?claim to do sth．声称/主张做某事
?claim to have done sth．声称做过某事
?It is claimed that...据称……；据说……
?claim to know what you don't know不懂装懂
?claim over 256 lives夺去了256多条性命
3 threaten v．威胁到，危及
①There's no snake known that will habitually attack human beings unless threatened(threat) with its life．
②Our neighbour threatened to call(call) the police if we didn't stop the noise．
③Being stuck in a big fire is threatening，and we are threatened with it．(threat)
④Only when we learn to exist in harmony with nature can we stop being a threat to wildlife and to our planet(成为野生生物和地球的威胁)．(threat)
?threaten sb．with...用……威胁某人
?threaten to do sth．威胁去做某事
?threatening adj．恐吓的，威胁的；带有危险的
?threatened adj．受到威胁的；感到危险的
?threat n．威胁，可能会带来危险的人(事)
?a threat to...对……的威胁
?threaten people's lives 危及人们的生命
?threaten them with a gun用枪威胁他们
?threatening letters恐吓信
4 look through 浏览，查阅；审核
①Would you please look through the paper for me and see if there are any obvious mistakes
②(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid looking directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel challenged．
③It is time for us to look back on/at the past and look ahead to the future when the new year comes．
④她把它们抱在胸前，终于抬起头来，泪流满面地微笑着。
She hugged them to her chest, and at last she was able to look up with tearful eyes and a smile．
?look into朝里看；调查
?look up抬头看；查阅
?look out (for)当心
?look up to尊敬；仰慕；钦佩
?look down on/upon 轻视，瞧不起
?look back on/at回顾；回想(某事)
?look ahead (to) 向前看/展望未来
?look through evening papers in his spare time 在空闲时间读晚报
?no reason for us to look down upon ordinary jobs 我们没有理由轻视普通的工作
5 keep on (doing sth．)继续(做某事)
① If the steps you take are working，keep it up．If not，take another look at other methods you could try．
②In the face of all these difficulties，we're not discouraged but keep up good spirits．
③Laughing is one of the best calorie-burning activities ever．Keep on sharing (share) giggles with everyone you come across because there is already enough darkness in the world．
④First of all，keep in mind that(记住)you had better arrive punctually or some time earlier than the appointed time．
?keep up 坚持；维持；沿袭(风俗、传统等)
?keep it up保持优秀成绩；继续干下去
?keep up with 赶上；不落在后面
?keep away from (使)不接近；(使)远离
?keep in touch with...与……保持联系
?keep in mind that记住
?keep away from the edge of the cliff 切莫靠近悬崖边
?keep on until the task is finished 继续下去直到任务完成
?keep their spirits up before the big examination 大考前保持高昂的情绪
6 [教材原句]Now that it's hard to avoid a disaster on Earth, perhaps I should start thinking about moving to space... 既然在地球上很难躲避灾难，或许我应该开始考虑搬到太空去……
①Now that we are all part of the global village，everyone becomes a neighbour．
② She must have gone out early，for she didn't show up at breakfast．
③ I felt pretty upset because of what Mary said, but I tried not to think about it too much．
④Now that/Since you have long been interested in traditional Chinese culture(既然你一直对中国传统文化感兴趣), I think Beijing Language and Culture University is an ideal place for you．
?now that引导原因状语从句时，意为“既然，由于”，相当于since。它们表示显而易见的原因，语气较弱，引导的从句通常在主句之前。其他表示原因的连词：
?because因为(表示直接原因，语气较重，常用于回答why的提问)；as因为(语气较弱)；for因为(并列连词，引导一个分句，不能置于句首，表示进一步补充说明)。
It was because the traffic was so busy that Jack failed to arrive at the school on time．
因为交通太拥堵，所以杰克未能及时赶到学校。
Ⅰ．用所给词的正确形式填空
1．Some cultures see direct eye contact as impolite or threatening(threaten) behavior, while Americans see it as a sign of genuineness (真诚) and honesty．
2．He wrote well in high school and an English teacher recognized this and advised him to keep on writing(write) no matter what happened to him．
3．To everyone's surprise，Michael claimed to have finished (finish) all his homework in just one hour．
4．An unexpected storm occurred(occur) when we were enjoying the pleasant voyage at the Yellow Sea．
5．Looking (look) through the newspapers every day, you can keep up with the rapidly developing situation．
Ⅱ．在空白处填入一个适当的词
1．This is a great place for camping but you have to look out for snakes and spiders—Australia has some of the most dangerous creatures in the world．
2．Terrorism is a threat to the whole country so we are determined to fight against it．
3．A perfect idea occurred to us that we would give a handmade gift to our teacher for the coming Teachers' Day．
4．Now that Jack won't be with us for dinner, we needn't buy so much food．
Ⅰ．用所给词的正确形式填空
1．The man was holding an old umbrella, sheltering(shelter) his son from the rain．
2．Earthquakes can be destructive．Unfortunately, we don't have a reliable(rely) way to predict．
3．Wild applause broke out when the waiting crowd heard the announcement (announce) of the arrival of the leader at their community．
4．Due to the seriousness of the problem，he took immediate measures immediately (immediate) he arrived at his office．
Ⅱ．在空白处填入一个适当的词
1．Three women and their children have been rescued from the burning house since the fire broke out．
2．All of a sudden，I heard a girl's voice behind me．
3．What made us frightened was that the car crashed into the tree when one of the wheels flew off．
4．It is very necessary that students learn about traditional Chinese culture．
Ⅰ．熟词生义(选出黑体词在句中的汉语意思)
1．(2021·新高考卷Ⅱ)As the summer months roll in，our Georgian country estate makes the perfect setting for an outdoor fitness session．B
A．县，郡 B．乡村
C．国家
2．(2020·新高考卷Ⅰ)An actor hired by the researchers grabbed her food first．A
A．吃，喝 B．攫取，抓住
C．利用(机会)
3．(2019·江苏卷)There's a new indoor play centre, plus the special events and workshops, and others during school holiday periods．B
A．多；余 B．还有，以及
C．有利的
Ⅱ．长难语句(分析句子的结构并翻译成汉语)
1．(2022·浙江1月卷)As fate(命运)would have it，Dr．Henderson very deliberately matched everyone in class and announced that I would be working with the one person in class I wanted to avoid．
本句为复合句。As fate would have it为as引导的评注性状语从句；that I would be working with the one person in class I wanted to avoid为that引导的宾语从句，其中I wanted to avoid为省略了关系代词的定语从句，修饰the one person。
[尝试翻译] 不巧，亨德森特别有意地将班上所有的人配对，并宣布我将和班上我想回避的一个人一起工作。
2．(2021·全国乙卷) Of those Australians who still have a landline, a third concede that it's not really necessary and they're keeping it as a security blanket—19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case of emergencies．
本句为并列复合句。句中who 引导的定语从句，修饰先行词Australians；a third concede that...a blanket是主句，该句本身是由and连接的并列复合句，and前的分句中that 引导宾语从句；破折号后又是一个并列复合句，其中they never use it为省略了引导词that的宾语从句，while 是并列连词，表示转折，用于对比其前后两个分句。
[尝试翻译] 在澳大利亚仍使用座机的人中，三分之一的人承认座机其实不是必需的，他们将其作为一种心理安慰——19%的人表示他们从未使用过座机，而另有 13%的人保留座机以防紧急情况。
短文中黑体部分为本单元核心知识点，请在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并背诵该短文。
Every summer is a high time for natural 1．disasters(disaster)，such as typhoons，hurricanes，floods，heavy rains, landslides and so on．It has been 2．exceptionally(exceptional) hot in many cities this summer, with temperatures plus 38 degrees Celsius, and the heat 3． is forecast (forecast) to last for three weeks．
Many experts immediately gave 4．reliable(rely)explanations for the eruption of these extreme weather events．5．It is announced that extreme weather occurs mainly due to global warming, 6．which brings great crisis to people．7．Compared (compare)to the heat, the heavy rain in Zhengzhou two years ago seriously 8．threatened (threaten)people's lives and property．Thanks to the timely rescue of the government and citizens, many people were saved．Otherwise, this emergency 9．would bring(bring) unimaginable harm to people．
10．In the face of natural disasters, we should take the following practical measures to protect ourselves．First, stay in the shelter as much as possible．Second, make sure you have sufficient food, water, and so on．Finally, listen to the weather warnings．
用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识完成满分作文
洪水、火山爆发、地震和海啸等自然灾害经常会不期而至。面对自然灾害我们应该怎么做呢？请你以“How to deal with natural disasters”为题写一篇英语短文，内容包括：
1．自然灾害造成的惨重损失；
2．如何应对自然灾害。
注意：词数80左右。
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【参考范文】
How to deal with natural disasters
Natural disasters，such as floods，earthquakes and tsunamis，often cause a great loss of life and damage．How should we deal with them
First of all，we should master rich knowledge about natural disasters by looking through books on natural disaster prevention and make adequate preparations for them．Secondly，when natural disasters really occur，we should protect our property and make sure we have sufficient food，water，medicine and so on．Besides，we should have a firm belief to fight against them．When we and others are in trouble, we should keep calm and do everything we can to rescue ourselves and others．Only in this way can we defeat natural disasters in the end．
情感细节描写之“疑惑”
Step 1．储备词汇(记牢本单元可用于描写的词汇)
单词 puzzled, puzzling, confused, confusing, questioningly，confusion
短语 ①at a loss 不知所措 ②go blank 一片空白 ③a puzzled expression/look困惑的表情 ④be puzzled/confused about...对……感到困惑
Step 2．尝试练笔(翻译下面的续写语句)
用表“疑惑”的表达和其他描写方法补全下列句子
①他疑惑地看着我，因为他除了咖啡并没有点任何东西。
He looked at me questioningly, because he hadn't ordered anything but the coffee．
②一脸茫然地，他打开了包。
With a blank expression on his face, he opened the bag．(with的复合结构)
③当他看到他最爱的蛋糕时，他脑子一片空白。
When he saw his favorite cake, his mind went blank．
④他对于所发生的事感到困惑不解。
He was puzzled about what had happened．
⑤他感到迷惑，转身向店主走去。
At a loss, he turned around and walked toward the shopkeeper．
课时分层作业(十八)
Ⅰ．阅读理解(限时7分钟)
(2022·成都市高三诊断性检测)
Edward O．Wilson，known as “ant man”，was born on June 10，1929，in Birmingham，Alabama．His parents divorced when he was young，and he was moved frequently throughout his childhood．Wilson grew up exploring the forests and wildlife．One of these adventures left him partly blind，but they also set off his lifelong fascination with ants and their social structure．
Wilson earned his bachelor's and master's degrees from The University of Alabama．In 1955，he received his Ph．D．from Harvard University and worked there until retirement．
Wilson's early study of ants led to his first major discovery in 1959：how ants communicate through the release of chemical signals．
Later，in 1990，Wilson and German biologist Bert H lldobler published their Pulitzer-winning The Ants．It detailed the insects' social structure that was both valued by scholars and accessible to general readers．
Another of Wilson's major works started in the early 1960s when he teamed up with Robert MacArthur．The pair published The Theory of Island Biogeography，where they sought to explain why different places have different numbers of species．
What many consider to be Wilson's most important contributions to evolutionary biology came in 1975 when he published Sociobiology：The New Synthesis．The work explored the genetic roots of animal behavior and argued that genes shaped human behavior．
Wilson faced accusations for these ideas but his work finally largely proved true．In 1978，his ideas on the role biology plays in human culture peaked in On Human Nature，which won him a Pulitzer (普利策奖) Prize in 1979．
Wilson published more than 400 scientific papers and 20 books．These accomplishments offered him a type of superstar status，but friends and colleagues say the polite southerner remained down to earth．“Professor Wilson really listened and engaged with whomever he was interacting with，”said Corrie S．Moreau，who was one of Wilson's final advisees．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了“蚁人”Edward O．Wilson的成长经历及其伟大成就：自小父母离异，一次冒险经历使他部分失明，但他因此开始迷恋上了对蚂蚁的研究。他一生发表了多部著作和多篇论文，但仍谦逊礼貌。
1．What contributed to Wilson's passion for ants
A．His accidental disability．
B．The discovery he made about ants．
C．The school education he received．
D．His boyhood time spent in nature．
D [细节理解题。根据第一段第三句“Wilson grew up exploring the forests and wildlife．”并结合下文内容可知，由于在探索森林和野生动物中长大，他对蚂蚁格外感兴趣。]
2．What is Wilson's first Pulitzer-winning book about
A．The social structure of ants．
B．The distribution of different species．
C．The links between biology and human culture．
D．The role of chemical signals in communication．
C [细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第二句“In 1978，his ideas on the role biology plays in human culture...which won him a Pulitzer Prize in 1979．”可知，Edward O．Wilson在《论人性》一书中阐述了生物学在人类文化中的作用，并在1979年获得了普利策奖。故选C。]
3．According to the last paragraph，which word best describes Wilson
A．Productive． B．Humble．
C．Open-minded． D．Independent．
B [推理判断题。根据尾段第二句中的“the polite southerner remained down to earth”并结合下句别人对他的评价“Professor Wilson really listened and engaged with whomever he was interacting with”可知，Edward O．Wilson有礼貌并能脚踏实地，能真正倾听别人并与和他互动的人建立密切关系。据此可以推知，他是一位谦逊的人。]
4．What is the best title of this text
A．The Pioneering “Ant Man”
B．Discoveries in Evolutionary Biology
C．A Leading Figure in Popular Science
D．The Adventure of a Pulitzer Prize Winner
A [标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章首句中的“Edward O．Wilson，known as ‘ant man’”并结合下文内容可知，本文主要讲述了“蚁人”Edward O．Wilson的成长经历及其伟大成就，故A项最适合作本文标题。]
Ⅱ．阅读七选五(限时7分钟)
(2022·郑州市高中毕业班第二次预测)
Nowadays social media influencers have powerful influence．The concept of an influencer—a person who inspires or guides the actions of others—has been around for centuries．Before social media，influencers were famous persons or politicians far away from our lives． 1
2 A study undertaken in the US，the UK and Spain found that young people spent 76% more time on social media in 2020 than in the previous year．
In an age when anyone can be an influencer，content creators use their content on social media to influence others around the world． 3 They post selfies in the latest fashion，livestream (网络直播) video game sessions or inspire others with motivational personal development advice．With their special knowledge or authority in specific subjects，they attract others in great numbers．
Because of this，young people can see themselves represented more directly online through influencers．This can be important for the development of an adolescent's identity． 4 “It can be really helpful for kids to see that there are people like them，and if they are feeling hopeless there may be some hope that things are going to be successful like their role models，”Ellen Selkie，a researcher at the University of Wisconsin-Madison，told the website Mashable．
5 When models talk about size inclusivity (包容性) on their social networking platforms，for example，it can develop a sense of community，which helps them shape their right attitude．
A．They can have role models who are like them and reachable．
B．It's possible that young people use their social networking platforms．
C．On the contrary，that kind of work and people behind it should be celebrated．
D．Some have even become key opinion leaders，holding great cultural influence．
E．The rise of influencers comes as young people spend more time online than before．
F．However，the influence and power of today's social media influencers is more noticeable．
G．Though some influencers' actions affect the youth's attitude to life，many can be positive．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。当前在社交媒体上有影响力的人借助社交媒体平台发表的一些励志性的言论或观点给青少年的成长带来积极的影响。
1．F [根据本文的话题可知，本文主要介绍了现如今在社交媒体上有影响力的人，空前一句讲到了社交媒体出现之前的情况，下文讲到的是现在的情况，因此，本空应该形成转折，将话题转回现在，且与过去有影响力的人做比较，故F项符合语境。]
2．E [空处是本段的主旨句，结合本段的内容可知，本段主要讲了国外研究发现，2020年年轻人花在社交媒体上的时间比之前一年增加了很多，故E项适合作本段的主旨句。]
3．D [空前一句讲到了内容创作者用自己在社交媒体上的内容影响世界各地的人们，空后则阐述他们在社交媒体上有很大的影响力，故D项“一些人甚至已经成了主流观点领袖，有很大的文化影响力”承上启下，符合语境。]
4．A [空前一句讲到了“这对青少年的个性发展很重要”，而空后引用Ellen Selkie的话印证一些在社交媒体上有影响力的人对青少年有很大的影响，故A项“他们可以有像他们一样的、可接近的榜样”符合语境。其中They指代上文中的“young people”。]
5．G [空后是举例，根据例子可知，此处要说明榜样在社交媒体上的发言对青少年可以有积极的影响，故G项符合语境。]
Ⅲ．语法填空(限时6分钟)
(2022·南充市高考适应性考试)
March 12th is China's annual National Tree Planting Day．On this day，millions of Chinese，from all walks of life，will put their work at hand aside 1． a moment，take spades and buckets as well as young trees，and go out 2． (green) their hometowns．
China's Tree Planting Day could date back to a proposal 3． (make) by Ling Daoyang and Qingming Festival (April 5th) 4． (adopt) as Tree Planting Day then．However，April 5th was a late time for tree-planting in Southern China，so it was changed to March 12th in order to memorize Sun Yat-sen，5． passed away on March 12th．
In February 1979，the 5th National People's Congress of PRC made a 6． (decide) that March 12th would be taken as Tree Planting Day，requiring the whole country to carry out tree-planting 7． (activity) on this day．
Now tree-planting in spring has become a bit of tradition for Chinese．For those 8． (live) in big cities，National Tree Planting Day is 9． excellent time for skipping the city．They often take the planting as a nice short tour back to nature with their family members．After their fieldwork together，they not only harvest 10． (good) environment but also more harmonious family relations as well as more enthusiasm for the future．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了中国的植树节的由来及其意义。
1．for [考查介词。此处表示在这一天数百万中国人会暂时放下手中的工作，带上铁锹、水桶和树苗，走出家门绿化自己的家乡。for a moment是固定短语，意为“暂时”。]
2．to green [考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知，此处应用动词不定式表示目的，green在此为动词，意为“绿化”。]
3．made [考查非谓语动词。此句谓语是could date back to，空处为非谓语动词作定语，make与proposal之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词。]
4．was adopted [考查动词的时态和语态和主谓一致。此处描述过去的事情，又因主语与adopt之间是动宾关系，故应用一般过去时的被动语态。]
5．who [考查定语从句的关系词。分析句子成分可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词指“人”，从句中缺少主语，故用who引导非限制性定语从句。]
6．decision [考查名词。冠词a后应用名词，make a decision“作出决定”，是固定短语。]
7．activities [考查名词复数。activity在此表示“活动”是可数名词，其前没有冠词，故应用其复数形式。]
8．living [考查非谓语动词。对于生活在大城市的人来说，植树节是一个离开城市的绝佳时机。live与其逻辑主语those之间是主谓关系，且含有进行的意义，故应用动词-ing短语作后置定语。]
9．an [考查冠词。此处表示泛指，且excellent的发音以元音音素开头，故填an。]
10．better [考查形容词比较级。根据空后的两个“more”可知，此处是“not only...but also...”连接的并列成分，故此处应用比较级。]
Ⅳ．读后续写(限时25分钟)
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
(2022·济南市高考模拟考试)
Two months ago，Ryder Killam，a 15-year-old French boy was registered in a new school in Hawaii．He just moved there with his parents．Although he missed his old friends very much，he managed to adapt to his new school life and soon made a lot of friends．
However，waiting for the school bus every morning often meant real suffering because Ryder was born with spina bifida (脊柱裂) and he has to live in a wheelchair．Hawaii is one of the rainiest places in the world．This is not an issue for other students，but for him this was a different story．He often got wet all over before the school bus arrived during the rainy days．In that case，he could only have classes with wet clothes on or call his parents to send dry clothes to school and finding a place to get changed，which was also a big challenge for this disabled boy．
To keep Ryder protected from the bad weather while he was waiting for the bus every morning，the students in Ryder's school decided to take action．They first uploaded a post on social media asking for an unused bus shelter but got no reply．
Not being able to find one，the students from the construction class decided to take on the challenge of building a customized bus shelter for him and quickly put their hands to work．
As part of the high school's Career and Technical Education program，the construction class teaches its students basic building skills．Its main goal is to provide students with tools and skills that will have real applications in future jobs and a meaningful impact on their community．They had already performed several building projects for the community．Two years ago，they managed to build dozens of shelters for stray cats in the local park．Soon enough，they came up with an idea of building a two-window shelter for Ryder．
注意：1．续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
However，these teenagers found building this bus shelter was no easy job．__________________________________________________________________________
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The day finally came when the new bus shelter was put to use．__________________________________________________________________________
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【写作思路】
文章大意：15岁的Ryder Killam是一个天生患有脊柱裂的男孩，他和父母搬到了夏威夷，他和同学们相处得很好。夏威夷多雨，Ryder Killam经常在等校车时衣服被淋湿，这给他带来很多困扰。为了帮助Ryder Killam，他的同学们在网上发帖想要找一个不用的公交车候车亭，但是，无人回应。于是，他们决定自己动手……
谋篇布局：根据续写第一段的提示句可知，本段应该会呈现这份工作具体的难处，以及针对这些难处的解决办法。考生可就难处进行设想，并合理构思解决方案。注意在续写的时候要做到合情合理。
根据续写第二段的提示句可知，本段应该会讲到同学们终于建好公交车候车亭并将其投入使用的情况。考生可增加一定的戏剧性，如采用给Ryder Killam制造惊喜的方式等。本段中，考生应注意对Ryder Killam的心理状态和动作进行刻画，并升华主题，呈现一个合情合理又富有意义的结尾。
【参考范文】
However，these teenagers found building this bus shelter was no easy job．First，they needed to design a shelter suitable for Ryder Killam's height．Then，the shelter should be strong enough to protect itself from rain and strong winds．More importantly，they needed to have all the materials prepared．The information was posted on social media，calling on people to donate materials．This time，they received active responses．After several days' continuous efforts，they finally made it．
The day finally came when the new bus shelter was put to use．On a rainy day，as you can guess，Ryder Killam burst into tears when he saw a customized two-window bus shelter in front of him in the rain．It was so pretty．Everyone in the school bus smiled at him，and he smiled back．It was the first time that he had kept himself dry after moving to Hawaii．He couldn't feel more grateful to his schoolmates from his heart．He felt it a privilege to be taken good care of．
