(共74张PPT)
教材知识讲练
选择性必修一册
Unit 1 Laugh out loud！
续写语料积累 背诵·句之美
1．(行为描写)(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)I took off my T-shirt and dived into the water．
2．(心理描写)(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)So imagine my delight when he emailed me saying he wanted to come to visit me．
3．(人物描写)(2022·张家口市模拟)We were about to leave when a young man in a blue shirt with brown hair stopped us．
续写语料积累 欣赏·语之秀
(2022·常德市模拟)He stretched out an arm and grabbed hold of her handbag, hitting her on the back at the same time．The impact sent the lady hurtling(猛冲) forward．The mother and child fell on the road, landing right in the path of a van．
语基自查自测·巩固验收
01
核
心
单
词
检
测 1．(2022·全国乙卷)Drones are already being used __________(examine) high-tension electrical lines．
2．(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)As the small boat moved ______(gentle) along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water．
to examine
gently
核
心
单
词
检
测 3．(2020·天津5月卷)It's almost impossible to learn about one historical period without having dozens of questions about related ________(concept)．
4．He has worked very hard recently, so he ________(deserve) a week's holiday．
5．He touched me with his finger, __________(whisper) to me in my ear, “The teacher is coming”．
concepts
deserves
whispering
派生单词检测 1．Our English teacher is very funny and ____________．Much to our _______________，he always __________ us for a long time with his stories and jokes．(entertain)
2．An __________ is supposed to be honest about the _____________．If you _________ your goods in a dishonest way, you will be fined．(advertise)
entertaining
entertainment
entertains
advertiser
advertisement
advertise
派生单词检测 3．The ________ decided to ______ Tom as her secretary and she hoped to have a talk with the ________ before he came to work．(employ)
4．To leave a good __________ in the interview, Bob made up a most __________ story about himself, which made the interviewers really _________．(impress)
5．Jack said he _________ from Jane's expression that Jane had lied to him．But everyone knew Jack always jumped to a __________ without any evidence．(conclude)
employer
employ
employee
impression
impressive
impressed
concluded
conclusion
高频短语检测 cheer up，do the trick，make sense，throw light on，put sb．on the spot，tell off，fall behind
1．I need to study hard, or I will ___________ in the next examination．
2．Most children need encouragement in time of failure so that they can ________ again．
fall behind
cheer up
高频短语检测 3．I believe these pills should ____________ and you'll feel much better in no time．
4．The teacher ________ Tom in the office yesterday for his being late for class again．
5．He asked me how old I was in front of the whole office, which really __________________.
do the trick
told off
put me on the spot
重点句式检测 1．外面太冷了。让窗户关着吧。(keep＋宾语＋宾补)
It's too cold outside．_______________________．
2．我们应该意识到笑的益处是重要的。(It is＋adj．＋that引导的从句)
____________________ we should be aware of the benefit of laughing．
Keep the windows closed
It is important that
重点句式检测 3．我们应该做一切我们能做的来帮助人们意识到幽默的重要性。(what引导的宾语从句)
We should do ___________ to help people realize the importance of humour．
what we can
考点探究归纳·多维讲练
02
词法探究
句法探究
1 mood [课本义]n．心情 [增补义]n．气氛；氛围
练中回想——语法填空
①You can really sense that everyone is __ a bad mood in the crowded subway．
②These days I feel in the mood _______(read) some books by Mark Twain．
③It is difficult to predict his reaction because he is so _______(mood)．
in
to read
moody
完美写作——建议信佳句
④Don't spend your vacation time in a place where everything is too expensive so as to ________________________(保持积极的心态)．
maintain a positive mood
练后归纳——搭配拓展
?be in a good/bad mood 心情好/不好
?be/feel in the mood for sth．/to do sth．有意(做某事)；有做某事的心情
?be in no mood for (doing) sth．/to do sth．没心情做某事
语料输入——必备素材
?be in the mood to go for a ride有心情去兜风
?be in no mood for further debate没有心情继续辩论
?become very moody 变得喜怒无常
2 entertain [课本义]v．使快乐 [增补义]v．款待
练中回想——语法填空
①The _____________(entertain) was good clean fun for the whole family．
②(2020·江苏卷)Humor makes average-looking people look cute and uninteresting people seem ____________(entertain)．
③To our great joy, she promised to entertain us __ a big dinner．
entertainment
entertaining
to
完美写作——续写佳句之心理描写
④____________________________(令汤姆非常高兴的是), his father told him many interesting stories that night．
To Tom's great entertainment
练后归纳——搭配拓展
?entertain sb．with sth．用某物使某人快乐
?entertain sb．to sth．用某物招待某人
?entertainment n．娱乐；娱乐节目；招待；款待
?to one's entertainment 令某人高兴的是
?entertaining adj．有趣的；令人愉快的
语料输入——必备素材
?entertain us with amusing stories and jokes 用有趣的故事和笑话逗我们开心
?entertain guests on a large scale 大宴宾客
?promise to entertain us to ice cream 许诺请我们吃冰激凌
3 deserve [课本义]v．应得，应受到 [增补义]v．值得
练中回想——语法填空
①(2021·浙江1月卷)It was a failure but the methods ________(deserve) praise．
②He deserved ______(win) in the Olympic Games because he had made enough preparations for the game．
③She did a good job, so I think she deserved ______________________(praise)．
deserved
to win
praising/to be praised
完美写作——续写佳句之人物描写
④He is a responsible doctor，and ______________________________________________(他值得被尊敬)．
he deserves respect/respecting/to
be respected
练后归纳——搭配拓展
?deserve to do sth．应该做某事
?deserve doing＝deserve to be done值得(被)做
语料输入——必备素材
?deserve to pass the exam 应该考试及格
?deserve giving such a great honor 值得给予这么大的荣誉
[名师点津] deserve doing是用v．-ing的主动形式表示被动意义，相当于deserve to be done，用法相同的单词还有need, want和require等。
4 spot [课本义]n．地点，处所 [增补义]n．斑点；污点v．发现；认出
①(2022·新高考卷Ⅰ)I tied a rope around his waist to keep him near to our spot． __________
②You have to be good at spotting trouble on the way and heading it off． ____
地点，处所
发现
③Some of the spots on your trousers are hard to remove． __________
④The floor was spotted with paint, which made him embarrassed． ____
⑤The police were __ the spot within a few minutes of my telephone call．
⑥On the bus, I spotted a man ________ (steal) a wallet from a lady's shoulder bag．
斑点；污点
弄脏
on
stealing
完美写作——续写佳句之背景描写
⑦We lay on the grass，staring at _______________________________________________(闪闪的星星点缀在夜晚的天空)．
the night sky (which was) spotted with
twinkling stars
练后归纳——搭配拓展
?on the spot 在现场；当场
?in a spot 处于困境
?spot sb．doing sth．发现某人正在做某事
?be spotted with 满是……斑点；被……点缀
?spot something moving on the wall 发现有东西在墙上动
?with red spots 带有红色斑点
?In addition, there are famous artists who will perform how to cut paper on the spot．
除此之外，将有著名的艺术家现场表演如何剪纸。
[名师点津] spot作“地点”讲，用作定语从句的先行词时，从句若缺少状语则用where引导定语从句；从句若缺少主语或宾语则用that/which引导定语从句。
5 whisper [课本义]v．悄声说，低语 [增补义]v．私下说n．耳语，低语；谣言
练中回想——语法填空
①I could hear everyone __________(whisper), “Who in our school could draw that well？”
②The baby is sleeping, so you'd better speak __ a whisper．
③It ____________(whisper) that he has made a fortune by selling cars in Canada．
whispering
in
is whispered
完美写作——续写佳句之行为描写
④He _______________(悄声告诉我)that there was an eavesdropper outside the window．
whispered to me
练后归纳——搭配拓展
?whisper sth．to sb．把某事悄悄告诉某人
?It is/was whispered that...有人私下说……；据秘密传闻……
?in a whisper/whispers低声地；耳语地
语料输入——必备素材
?whisper something to his classmate 和同学低声说着什么
?whisper about holiday plans 小声谈论假期计划
6 conclude [课本义]v．结束，终止 [增补义]v．下结论
练中回想——语法填空
①(2020·天津卷)This led Jones to the __________(conclude) that there are too many extremely lonely people in his community, who are easy targets of cheating．
conclusion
②(2020·北京卷)__ conclusion, positive thinking is a powerful and effective tool for dealing with hard times and improving the quality of one's life．
③He concluded his speech ____ a famous saying: “Where there is a will, there is a way．”
In
with
完美写作——句式升级
④Therefore, we can draw a conclusion．The government should take effective measures to protect wildlife in no time．
→Therefore, we can draw a conclusion ______________________________________________________________________．(同位语从句)
that the government should take
effective measures to protect wildlife in no time
练后归纳——搭配拓展
?conclude...with ...以……结束……
?conclude that...结论是……
?conclusion n．结论；结束
?draw/come to/arrive at/reach a conclusion 得出结论
?make a conclusion 下结论
?in conclusion 总之；最后
语料输入——必备素材
?conclude his speech by wishing everyone a safe trip home他以祝愿大家归途平安结束了讲话
?from these facts we can draw some conclusions 从这些事实中我们可以得出一些结论
?from his satisfied expression, we came to the conclusion 从他满意的表情中我们得出了结论
7 fall behind [课本义]不能按时完成(工作) [增补义]落后
练中回想——语法填空
①(2022·全国甲卷)He poured water from a bottle into his hand and offered it to my dogs．In that moment, I began to fall ___ him．
②Modesty helps one go forward while pride makes one fall ______．
③I was unlucky to slip on a banana skin and fell ____ last night．
for
behind
over
完美写作——慰问信佳句
④__________________________________________(得知你在期末考试中落后了), I'm writing to give you some comfort．
Learning that you fell behind in the final exams
练后归纳——搭配拓展
?fall for sb．爱上
?fall apart 破碎，破裂；崩溃
?fall over 被……绊倒；从……上跌落
?fall off 跌落；数量减少
?fall down倒下；跌倒；倒塌
?fall ill生病
语料输入——必备素材
?fall behind the leaders 落在领先者的后面
?fall behind in the arms race 在军备竞赛中落后
8 [教材原句]We have to be very sensitive and work closely with the doctors and nurses, who keep us updated on each patient．
我们必须非常善解人意，并与医护人员密切合作，他们会为我们提供每个病人的最新情况。
练中回想——语法填空
①(2022·全国乙卷)Friendship needs care and attention to keep it __ good health．
②Please remain seated and keep your seat belts ________(fasten)．
③The question kept me _________(wonder) for the rest of the night．
④It can prevent us from getting short-sighted and it can keep us physically _______(health)．
in
fastened
wondering
healthy
完美写作——建议信佳句
⑤We should develop the habit of reading newspapers regularly _____________________________________________(因为它们能够使我们了解时事)．
because they can keep us aware of the current events
练后归纳——句法分析
“keep＋宾语＋宾补”结构，意为“使……继续处于某种状态”，这里keep为使役动词，其用法有：
?keep＋宾语＋v．-ing形式(与宾语构成主动关系)
?keep＋宾语＋过去分词(与宾语构成被动关系)
?keep＋宾语＋形容词/副词/名词/介词短语
语料输入——高考写作佳句背诵
For another, spending too much time on entertainment will only keep us away from our studies．
另一方面，在娱乐上花费太多时间只会让我们远离学业。
三层固基达标训练
03
层级一
层级二
层级三
Ⅰ．用所给词的正确形式填空
1．(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)I had several children and books were our main source (来源) of _____________(entertain)．
2．(2020·浙江卷)One morning I _______(spot) a lost lamb when I was in the top field．
3．Please keep us ________(inform) of any change of address as soon as possible．
entertainment
spotted
informed
4．With the gains and losses carefully weighted, we are confident the plan really deserves __________________(try)．
5．The two boys _______________(whisper) when the head teacher came in from the back door．
6．In __________(conclude), walking is a cheap, safe, enjoyable and readily available form of exercise．
trying/to be tried
were whispering
conclusion
Ⅱ．在空白处填入一个适当的词
1．After working all day, he was so tired that he was __ no mood to go to the party with us．
2．Let's find a private spot _____ we can discuss the matter．
3．He fell ________，so he had to quicken up his pace to catch up with us．
4．When the group discussion is nearing its end, make sure to conclude it ____ important points．
in
where
behind
with
Ⅰ．用所给词的正确形式填空
1．(2022·浙江1月卷)He wasn't mean or abusive; he just gave me the __________(impress) that he could do whatever project we dreamed up better if he did it alone．
2．(2020·新高考卷Ⅰ)Museums must compete for people's spare time and money with other __________(amuse)．
impression
amusements
3．The goods will ___________(examine) for damage immediately they arrive here．
4．It was the most extreme example of _______(cruel) to animals that I had ever seen．
be examined
cruelty
Ⅱ．在空白处填入一个适当的词
1．(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)When we saw many oranges hanging from the branches, we all cheered __．
2．Mother told the boys ___ for making so much noise in the room．
3．The study may throw light __ the future development of the Internet．
4．Keep in mind: whatever you do, it's important ____ you try your best．
up
off
on
that
Ⅰ．熟词生义(选出黑体词在句中的汉语意思)
1．(2021·全国乙卷)In a piece from 2018, Von Wong wanted to illustrate a specific statistic: Every 60 seconds, a truckload's worth of plastic enters the ocean．_
A．照亮，照明 B．加插图 C．说明
C
2．(2020·浙江卷)With an angry roar, the bear ran to the lake to wash his eyes．_
A．哄笑；大笑 B．吼叫
C．(风或海的)呼啸声
B
Ⅱ．长难语句(分析句子的结构并翻译成汉语)
1．(2019·天津卷)However, we can achieve meaning only if we have made a commitment to something larger than our own little egos(自我), whether to loved ones, to fellow humans, to work, or to some moral concept．
化繁为简本句是复合句，主干是we can achieve meaning，其后only if引导____________，最后“whether ...or ...”结构作________。
[尝试解答]然而，只有我们为超越自我的事情做出贡献，生活才会有意义，无论是对所爱的人、同事、工作，还是某个道德概念。
条件状语从句
让步状语
2．Thirty minutes after the talk, they were examined on their ability to remember facts and on how well they understood concepts．
化繁为简本句是复合句，谓语were examined后是两个并列的介词短语作状语，其中how well they understood concepts为介词on的________。
[尝试解答]谈话后30分钟，检查了一下他们记住事实的能力如何以及概念理解得怎么样。
宾语从句
三维提能培优训练
04
维度一
维度二
维度三
短文中黑体部分为本单元核心知识点，请在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并背诵该短文。
Mike used to work at a circus．At first, he was fond of this job, but later he found 1．__ hard to entertain the viewers, so he decided to leave．One day he saw an advertisement in a newspaper 2．______ (ask) for a clown doctor．The employer was 3．______(deep) impressed by him，and finally he managed to get the job．His job was 4．____________ (entertain) the young patient when he or she was 5．__ a bad mood．One day my little son was so mischievous that he fell off a tree and injured his ankle．When the doctor was examining
it
asking
deeply
to entertain
in
him, he was in great pain．Just at that time，Mike wearing curly wig appeared and began to try his best to comfort him and cheer 6．___ (he) up．To our 7．_________(amuse), Mike was acting there just like a lovely monkey! I was impressed by his interaction with my son．8．_____he did really did the trick! At first, my son tried to crack a smile and then he began to laugh, as if he 9．_____________(forget)
him
amusement
What
had forgotten
his pain．In the end he concluded his performance with a soft song．Later, his fellow doctors told us Mike was so gentle and patient that he never told off his patients and was never cruel to them, either．In conclusion, he deserved 10．______________________
(praise) by all of us．
praising/to be praised
用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识完成满分作文
请你写一篇介绍美国著名喜剧演员Billy Crystal的文章，内容包括：
1．他曾主持2004年奥斯卡金像奖；
2．以他的幽默化解突发事件，使人愉悦；
3．他深受人们的喜爱。
注意：词数80左右。
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
Billy Crystal is a well-known American comedian．The audience all over the world were impressed by/with the Academy Awards he hosted．When he was the host of the 2004 Academy Awards, a very old actor was giving a speech on stage when a technical problem happened, which put him on the spot．Instead of telling the joke he had planned, he said, “It seems appropriate that he started in silent films！” The audience roared with laughter．
Crystal is popular with all age groups and has the ability to entertain people with his humour all over the world．
动作描写之head “头部”动作
Step 1．储备词汇(记牢本单元可用于描写的词汇)
积累
常诵 ①drop/lower/bend/bow one's head 低头 ②put/hold one's head in one's hands 双手抱头 ③nod one's head 点头 ④shake one's head 摇头 ⑤rest one's head on 把头靠在……上面 ⑥bury one's head in 把头埋起来 ⑦scratch one's head 挠头 ⑧head for/towards 朝……走去
Step 2．尝试练笔(翻译下面的续写语句)
用与head相关的表达和其他描写手法补全下列句子
①史蒂文低着头，眼里含泪，慢慢地向公交车走去。
Steven walked slowly to the bus, _____________，tears in eyes．(独立主格)
②他的朋友John向他点头微笑。
_______________________________ and smiled at him．
his head down
His friend John nodded his head
③尽管他心情不好，但是他低下头来掩饰，勉强笑了一下。
Though he was in a bad mood, __________________________________________________．
④回到家中，他把头埋到被子底下，假装睡着了。
________________________________________________，pretending to be asleep．
he dropped his head to hide it and
managed a smile
When he got home，he buried his head under the quilt
⑤他母亲停下了家务活，满眼诧异地抬起头。
His mother stopped her housework, __________________________________________．(非谓语动词短语作状语)
⑥史蒂文起来坐在母亲身边，将头靠在她的肩膀上，哭泣起来。
Steven rose, sat close to his mother and ________________________________________，weeping．
raising her head with surprise in
her eyes
rested his head on his mother's
shoulder续写语料积累 背诵·句之美 欣赏·语之秀
1．(行为描写)(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)I took off my T-shirt and dived into the water． 2．(心理描写)(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)So imagine my delight when he emailed me saying he wanted to come to visit me． 3．(人物描写)(2022·张家口市模拟)We were about to leave when a young man in a blue shirt with brown hair stopped us． (2022·常德市模拟)He stretched out an arm and grabbed hold of her handbag, hitting her on the back at the same time．The impact sent the lady hurtling(猛冲) forward．The mother and child fell on the road, landing right in the path of a van．
核心单词检测 1．(2022·全国乙卷)Drones are already being used to examine(examine) high-tension electrical lines． 2．(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)As the small boat moved gently(gentle) along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water． 3．(2020·天津5月卷)It's almost impossible to learn about one historical period without having dozens of questions about related concepts(concept)． 4．He has worked very hard recently, so he deserves(deserve) a week's holiday． 5．He touched me with his finger, whispering(whisper) to me in my ear, “The teacher is coming”．
派生单词检测 1．Our English teacher is very funny and entertaining．Much to our entertainment, he always entertains us for a long time with his stories and jokes．(entertain) 2．An advertiser is supposed to be honest about the advertisement．If you advertise your goods in a dishonest way, you will be fined．(advertise) 3．The employer decided to employ Tom as her secretary and she hoped to have a talk with the employee before he came to work．(employ) 4．To leave a good impression in the interview, Bob made up a most impressive story about himself, which made the interviewers really impressed．(impress) 5．Jack said he concluded from Jane's expression that Jane had lied to him．But everyone knew Jack always jumped to a conclusion without any evidence．(conclude)
高频短语检测 cheer up，do the trick，make sense，throw light on，put sb．on the spot，tell off，fall behind
1．I need to study hard, or I will fall behind in the next examination． 2．Most children need encouragement in time of failure so that they can cheer up again． 3．I believe these pills should do the trick and you'll feel much better in no time． 4．The teacher told off Tom in the office yesterday for his being late for class again． 5．He asked me how old I was in front of the whole office, which really put me on the spot．
重点句式检测 1．外面太冷了。让窗户关着吧。(keep＋宾语＋宾补) It's too cold outside．Keep the windows closed． 2．我们应该意识到笑的益处是重要的。(It is＋adj．＋that引导的从句) It is important that we should be aware of the benefit of laughing． 3．我们应该做一切我们能做的来帮助人们意识到幽默的重要性。(what引导的宾语从句) We should do what we can to help people realize the importance of humour．
1 mood [课本义]n．心情 [增补义]n．气氛；氛围
①You can really sense that everyone is in a bad mood in the crowded subway．
②These days I feel in the mood to read(read) some books by Mark Twain．
③It is difficult to predict his reaction because he is so moody(mood)．
④Don't spend your vacation time in a place where everything is too expensive so as to maintain a positive mood(保持积极的心态)．
?be in a good/bad mood 心情好/不好
?be/feel in the mood for sth．/to do sth．有意(做某事)；有做某事的心情
?be in no mood for (doing) sth．/to do sth．没心情做某事
?be in the mood to go for a ride有心情去兜风
?be in no mood for further debate没有心情继续辩论
?become very moody 变得喜怒无常
2 entertain [课本义]v．使快乐 [增补义]v．款待
①The entertainment(entertain) was good clean fun for the whole family．
②(2020·江苏卷)Humor makes average-looking people look cute and uninteresting people seem entertaining(entertain)．
③To our great joy, she promised to entertain us to a big dinner．
④To Tom's great entertainment(令汤姆非常高兴的是), his father told him many interesting stories that night．
?entertain sb．with sth．用某物使某人快乐
?entertain sb．to sth．用某物招待某人
?entertainment n．娱乐；娱乐节目；招待；款待
?to one's entertainment 令某人高兴的是
?entertaining adj．有趣的；令人愉快的
?entertain us with amusing stories and jokes 用有趣的故事和笑话逗我们开心
?entertain guests on a large scale 大宴宾客
?promise to entertain us to ice cream 许诺请我们吃冰激凌
3 deserve [课本义]v．应得，应受到 [增补义]v．值得
①(2021·浙江1月卷)It was a failure but the methods deserved(deserve) praise．
②He deserved to win(win) in the Olympic Games because he had made enough preparations for the game．
③She did a good job, so I think she deserved praising/to be praised(praise)．
④He is a responsible doctor，and he deserves respect/respecting/to be respected(他值得被尊敬)．
?deserve to do sth．应该做某事
?deserve doing＝deserve to be done值得(被)做
?deserve to pass the exam 应该考试及格
?deserve giving such a great honor 值得给予这么大的荣誉
[名师点津] deserve doing是用v．-ing的主动形式表示被动意义，相当于deserve to be done，用法相同的单词还有need, want和require等。
4 spot [课本义]n．地点，处所 [增补义]n．斑点；污点v．发现；认出
①(2022·新高考卷Ⅰ)I tied a rope around his waist to keep him near to our spot．地点，处所
②You have to be good at spotting trouble on the way and heading it off．发现
③Some of the spots on your trousers are hard to remove．斑点；污点
④The floor was spotted with paint, which made him embarrassed．弄脏
⑤The police were on the spot within a few minutes of my telephone call．
⑥On the bus, I spotted a man stealing (steal) a wallet from a lady's shoulder bag．
⑦We lay on the grass，staring at the night sky (which was) spotted with twinkling stars(闪闪的星星点缀在夜晚的天空)．
?on the spot 在现场；当场
?in a spot 处于困境
?spot sb．doing sth．发现某人正在做某事
?be spotted with 满是……斑点；被……点缀
?spot something moving on the wall 发现有东西在墙上动
?with red spots 带有红色斑点
?In addition, there are famous artists who will perform how to cut paper on the spot．
除此之外，将有著名的艺术家现场表演如何剪纸。
[名师点津] spot作“地点”讲，用作定语从句的先行词时，从句若缺少状语则用where引导定语从句；从句若缺少主语或宾语则用that/which引导定语从句。
5 whisper [课本义]v．悄声说，低语 [增补义]v．私下说n．耳语，低语；谣言
①I could hear everyone whispering(whisper), “Who in our school could draw that well？”
②The baby is sleeping, so you'd better speak in a whisper．
③It is whispered(whisper) that he has made a fortune by selling cars in Canada．
④He whispered to me(悄声告诉我)that there was an eavesdropper outside the window．
?whisper sth．to sb．把某事悄悄告诉某人
?It is/was whispered that...有人私下说……；据秘密传闻……
?in a whisper/whispers低声地；耳语地
?whisper something to his classmate 和同学低声说着什么
?whisper about holiday plans 小声谈论假期计划
6 conclude [课本义]v．结束，终止 [增补义]v．下结论
①(2020·天津卷)This led Jones to the conclusion(conclude) that there are too many extremely lonely people in his community, who are easy targets of cheating．
②(2020·北京卷)In conclusion, positive thinking is a powerful and effective tool for dealing with hard times and improving the quality of one's life．
③He concluded his speech with a famous saying: “Where there is a will, there is a way．”
④Therefore, we can draw a conclusion．The government should take effective measures to protect wildlife in no time．
→Therefore, we can draw a conclusion that the government should take effective measures to protect wildlife in no time．(同位语从句)
?conclude...with ...以……结束……
?conclude that...结论是……
?conclusion n．结论；结束
?draw/come to/arrive at/reach a conclusion 得出结论
?make a conclusion 下结论
?in conclusion 总之；最后
?conclude his speech by wishing everyone a safe trip home他以祝愿大家归途平安结束了讲话
?from these facts we can draw some conclusions 从这些事实中我们可以得出一些结论
?from his satisfied expression, we came to the conclusion 从他满意的表情中我们得出了结论
7 fall behind [课本义]不能按时完成(工作) [增补义]落后
①(2022·全国甲卷)He poured water from a bottle into his hand and offered it to my dogs．In that moment, I began to fall for him．
②Modesty helps one go forward while pride makes one fall behind．
③I was unlucky to slip on a banana skin and fell over last night．
④Learning that you fell behind in the final exams(得知你在期末考试中落后了), I'm writing to give you some comfort．
?fall for sb．爱上
?fall apart 破碎，破裂；崩溃
?fall over 被……绊倒；从……上跌落
?fall off 跌落；数量减少
?fall down倒下；跌倒；倒塌
?fall ill生病
?fall behind the leaders 落在领先者的后面
?fall behind in the arms race 在军备竞赛中落后
8 [教材原句]We have to be very sensitive and work closely with the doctors and nurses, who keep us updated on each patient． 我们必须非常善解人意，并与医护人员密切合作，他们会为我们提供每个病人的最新情况。
①(2022·全国乙卷)Friendship needs care and attention to keep it in good health．
②Please remain seated and keep your seat belts fastened(fasten)．
③The question kept me wondering(wonder) for the rest of the night．
④It can prevent us from getting short-sighted and it can keep us physically healthy(health)．
⑤We should develop the habit of reading newspapers regularly because they can keep us aware of the current events(因为它们能够使我们了解时事)．
“keep＋宾语＋宾补”结构，意为“使……继续处于某种状态”，这里keep为使役动词，其用法有：
?keep＋宾语＋v．-ing形式(与宾语构成主动关系)
?keep＋宾语＋过去分词(与宾语构成被动关系)
?keep＋宾语＋形容词/副词/名词/介词短语
For another, spending too much time on entertainment will only keep us away from our studies．
另一方面，在娱乐上花费太多时间只会让我们远离学业。
Ⅰ．用所给词的正确形式填空
1．(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)I had several children and books were our main source (来源) of entertainment(entertain)．
2．(2020·浙江卷)One morning I spotted(spot) a lost lamb when I was in the top field．
3．Please keep us informed(inform) of any change of address as soon as possible．
4．With the gains and losses carefully weighted, we are confident the plan really deserves trying/to be tried(try)．
5．The two boys were whispering(whisper) when the head teacher came in from the back door．
6．In conclusion(conclude), walking is a cheap, safe, enjoyable and readily available form of exercise．
Ⅱ．在空白处填入一个适当的词
1．After working all day, he was so tired that he was in no mood to go to the party with us．
2．Let's find a private spot where we can discuss the matter．
3．He fell behind, so he had to quicken up his pace to catch up with us．
4．When the group discussion is nearing its end, make sure to conclude it with important points．
Ⅰ．用所给词的正确形式填空
1．(2022·浙江1月卷)He wasn't mean or abusive; he just gave me the impression(impress) that he could do whatever project we dreamed up better if he did it alone．
2．(2020·新高考卷Ⅰ)Museums must compete for people's spare time and money with other amusements(amuse)．
3．The goods will be examined(examine) for damage immediately they arrive here．
4．It was the most extreme example of cruelty(cruel) to animals that I had ever seen．
Ⅱ．在空白处填入一个适当的词
1．(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)When we saw many oranges hanging from the branches, we all cheered up．
2．Mother told the boys off for making so much noise in the room．
3．The study may throw light on the future development of the Internet．
4．Keep in mind: whatever you do, it's important that you try your best．
Ⅰ．熟词生义(选出黑体词在句中的汉语意思)
1．(2021·全国乙卷)In a piece from 2018, Von Wong wanted to illustrate a specific statistic: Every 60 seconds, a truckload's worth of plastic enters the ocean．C
A．照亮，照明 B．加插图 C．说明
2．(2020·浙江卷)With an angry roar, the bear ran to the lake to wash his eyes．B
A．哄笑；大笑 B．吼叫
C．(风或海的)呼啸声
Ⅱ．长难语句(分析句子的结构并翻译成汉语)
1．(2019·天津卷)However, we can achieve meaning only if we have made a commitment to something larger than our own little egos(自我), whether to loved ones, to fellow humans, to work, or to some moral concept．
本句是复合句，主干是we can achieve meaning，其后only if引导条件状语从句，最后“whether ...or ...”结构作让步状语。
[尝试解答]然而，只有我们为超越自我的事情做出贡献，生活才会有意义，无论是对所爱的人、同事、工作，还是某个道德概念。
2．Thirty minutes after the talk, they were examined on their ability to remember facts and on how well they understood concepts．
本句是复合句，谓语were examined后是两个并列的介词短语作状语，其中how well they understood concepts为介词on的宾语从句。
[尝试解答]谈话后30分钟，检查了一下他们记住事实的能力如何以及概念理解得怎么样。
短文中黑体部分为本单元核心知识点，请在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并背诵该短文。
Mike used to work at a circus．At first, he was fond of this job, but later he found 1．it hard to entertain the viewers, so he decided to leave．One day he saw an advertisement in a newspaper 2．asking (ask) for a clown doctor．The employer was 3．deeply(deep) impressed by him，and finally he managed to get the job．His job was 4．to entertain (entertain) the young patient when he or she was 5．in a bad mood．One day my little son was so mischievous that he fell off a tree and injured his ankle．When the doctor was examining him, he was in great pain．Just at that time，Mike wearing curly wig appeared and began to try his best to comfort him and cheer 6．him (he) up．To our 7．amusement(amuse), Mike was acting there just like a lovely monkey! I was impressed by his interaction with my son．8．What he did really did the trick! At first, my son tried to crack a smile and then he began to laugh, as if he 9．had forgotten(forget) his pain．In the end he concluded his performance with a soft song．Later, his fellow doctors told us Mike was so gentle and patient that he never told off his patients and was never cruel to them, either．In conclusion, he deserved 10．praising/to be praised(praise) by all of us．
用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识完成满分作文
请你写一篇介绍美国著名喜剧演员Billy Crystal的文章，内容包括：
1．他曾主持2004年奥斯卡金像奖；
2．以他的幽默化解突发事件，使人愉悦；
3．他深受人们的喜爱。
注意：词数80左右。
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【参考范文】
Billy Crystal is a well-known American comedian．The audience all over the world were impressed by/with the Academy Awards he hosted．When he was the host of the 2004 Academy Awards, a very old actor was giving a speech on stage when a technical problem happened, which put him on the spot．Instead of telling the joke he had planned, he said, “It seems appropriate that he started in silent films！” The audience roared with laughter．
Crystal is popular with all age groups and has the ability to entertain people with his humour all over the world．
动作描写之head “头部”动作
Step 1．储备词汇(记牢本单元可用于描写的词汇)
积累 常诵 ①drop/lower/bend/bow one's head 低头 ②put/hold one's head in one's hands 双手抱头 ③nod one's head 点头 ④shake one's head 摇头 ⑤rest one's head on 把头靠在……上面 ⑥bury one's head in 把头埋起来 ⑦scratch one's head 挠头 ⑧head for/towards 朝……走去
Step 2．尝试练笔(翻译下面的续写语句)
用与head相关的表达和其他描写手法补全下列句子
①史蒂文低着头，眼里含泪，慢慢地向公交车走去。
Steven walked slowly to the bus, his head down，tears in eyes．(独立主格)
②他的朋友John向他点头微笑。
His friend John nodded his head and smiled at him．
③尽管他心情不好，但是他低下头来掩饰，勉强笑了一下。
Though he was in a bad mood, he dropped his head to hide it and managed a smile．
④回到家中，他把头埋到被子底下，假装睡着了。
When he got home，he buried his head under the quilt，pretending to be asleep．
⑤他母亲停下了家务活，满眼诧异地抬起头。
His mother stopped her housework, raising her head with surprise in her eyes．(非谓语动词短语作状语)
⑥史蒂文起来坐在母亲身边，将头靠在她的肩膀上，哭泣起来。
Steven rose, sat close to his mother and rested his head on his mother's shoulder，weeping．
课时分层作业(十九)
Ⅰ．阅读理解
A 篇（限时6分钟）
(2022·广东省七校联合体第二次联考)
While the arts can't stop the virus or the social unrest we see in the world today，they can give us insight into the choices we make when moving through crises and chaos．The arts invite everyone to think in new ways．
We often experience works of art as something that's pleasing to our senses without a full understanding of the creative effort．Great art often shows us contradictions and crises，and we can learn a great deal from their resolution．Through our understanding of art，we can gain a deeper understanding of how we might overcome our own challenges．In understanding extremes of contrast，we can see the beauty in art with themes that are not simply pleasing for their magnificent features or qualities．
Ludwig van Beethoven offers a wonderful example of moving artfully through crises and chaos．He composed his Symphony No．9 as his hearing loss became more and more pronounced．The opening of the symphony seems to come out of nowhere，from near silence in the opening to a full expression of what many consider to be the joy of freedom and universal brotherhood with Friedrich Schiller's Ode to Joy(《欢乐颂》)．Beethoven appears to have created a work of art that not only freed him from his personal struggles，but one that also speaks about the joy of living together in peace and harmony．
Have a dialogue between the two opposing parts and you will find that they always start out fighting against each other until we come to an appreciation of difference—oneness of the two opposing forces．The arts offer many lessons that can help us gain the knowledge we need to move more confidently in today's competitive and uncertain environment．The openness to art-based solutions will give you more control over your future．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇议论文。文章以贝多芬在听力受损时创作《第九交响曲》为例，论述了艺术作品对战胜社会危机的积极作用，鼓励人们巧妙地战胜危机。
1．What value does art have beyond pleasing people's senses
A．It brings people inner peace．
B．It contributes to problem-solving．
C．It reduces the possibility of crises．
D．It deepens understanding of challenges．
B [细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“Great art often...from their resolution．”可知，伟大的艺术经常向我们展示矛盾和危机，我们可以从其问题的解决中学到很多东西。据此可知，艺术作品可以促成问题的解决。]
2．What can we learn about Beethoven's Symphony No．9
A．It celebrates freedom and unity．
B．It aims to show crises and chaos．
C．It opens with Schiller's Ode to Joy．
D．It is unfinished due to his hearing loss．
A [细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The opening of the symphony...living together in peace and harmony．”可知，《第九交响曲》不但充分表达了自由的喜悦和四海兄弟情谊，而且表达了共同生活在和平与和谐中的快乐。据此可以推知，该乐曲歌颂了自由和团结。]
3．What is the author's suggestion on dealing with conflicting forces
A．Leaving things as they are．
B．Making a choice between them．
C．Separating them from each other．
D．Engaging them in a conversation．
D [细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句中的“Have a dialogue between...appreciation of difference”可知，在解决冲突这一问题上，作者鼓励人们参与对话。]
篇
(2022·沈阳市教学质量监测)
The world produces around 359 million tons of plastics each year．Plastics are certainly a big problem，but they don't necessarily have to be．There are many ways we could set plastics on a different lifecycle．One that I have been working on is turning plastics into hard，reliable and sustainable building materials．
Most people believe that plastic recycling is severely limited: Only a few types can be recycled．This is unsurprising．The proportion (比例) of plastics that are recycled is minimal．But all polymers(聚合物) are technologically recyclable．Some of them can be used again and again to produce the same goods．Some can technically be reprocessed into new materials for different applications．
The problem is that recycling much of this plastic waste is currently unprofitable．But the amount of these materials all over the world is large and keeps on growing．What if this plastic waste could be used to produce something useful to society？Many universities and business people are attempting to do this．Most solutions target mixed plastic waste and suggest applications different from the original ones．For example，several groups have developed building materials made of plastic waste．Plastics are strong，durable，waterproof，lightweight and recyclable —all key properties for construction materials．So what if all of this plastic waste could be turned into building materials for low-income populations Existing initiatives are promising，but not yet reproducible on an industrial scale．
I study plastic waste with the aim of finding interesting ways to remove it from the environment．From agricultural waste to concrete waste，mixed with recycled plastics，there are many ways to obtain materials to produce bricks and other useful elements for buildings．So perhaps plastics are not necessarily the problem．They can be part of a pathway towards a more sustainable way of living．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。全球每年产生大量的塑料垃圾，如何回收利用这些垃圾成了人们思考的问题。文章介绍了一种可持续利用塑料垃圾的方法：将其与农业、混凝土废料混合，生产出有用的建筑材料。
4．What's people's common belief about plastic recycling
A．Almost all plastic waste can be reused．
B．The methods are quite limited．
C．Not many kinds of plastics are recyclable．
D．The amount of plastics is unbelievably large．
C [细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Most people believe...be recycled．”可知，大多数人认为塑料回收受到严格限制：只有几种类型的塑料可以回收。]
5．What can be learned from paragraph 3
A．Plastic waste is on the decline globally．
B．Recycling plastics doesn't make money now．
C．Plastic buildings have been largely constructed．
D．New applications of plastics haven't been found．
B [细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“The problem is...currently unprofitable．”可知，回收塑料垃圾目前是无利可图的。]
6．Why can plastics make good building materials
A．They can resist water and won't last long．
B．They can be reproduced in large quantities．
C．They satisfy the needs of low-income people．
D．They meet most demands of building materials．
D [细节理解题。根据第三段的“Plastics are strong...for construction materials．”可知，塑料的坚固、耐用、防水、轻便、可回收等特性满足建筑材料的所有的关键要求。]
7．What's the author's attitude to plastic recycling
A．Positive． B．Anxious．
C．Doubtful． D．Critical．
A [观点态度题 根据尾段最后三句“From agricultural waste...way of living．”可知，将农业废料和混凝土废料与回收塑料混合可以生产很多有用的建筑材料；或许塑料未必是问题，而是可持续的生活方式的一部分。据此可知，作者对塑料回收持积极的态度。]
篇
(2022·石家庄市高中毕业班教学质量检测)
When someone damages their backbone，the injury can leave them paralyzed (瘫痪的)．Now，scientists have given three paralyzed men the ability to walk again，thanks to an implanted device．
The human backbone，or the spine，doesn't just help us stand up straight．Inside is the spinal cord，which carries important information between the head and the lower part of the body．This information moves around as bursts of electricity travelling between the brain and the other parts of the body．When the spinal cord is hurt，this pathway gets damaged and the patients can't move their legs．
Now scientists in Switzerland have given three paralyzed men the ability to walk again．To help them walk again，the men had surgery．A special device was placed directly on the lower part of their spinal cord，below their injury．This “implant” contained sixteen electrodes，which are small objects that electricity can pass through．The researchers made sure the electrodes were lined up with nerves that control the leg muscles．The scientists controlled the implants from a tablet computer．
The patients' brains aren't sending “walking” messages to their legs．Instead，the tablet tells the implant to send the walking messages．The researchers used computers to generate patterns of movement，like taking a step．The patients then used the tablet to choose the pattern and the muscles moved in the chosen way．Over time，the men were able to walk using a special walker with buttons to control each leg．
The solution isn't perfect．It's very expensive，it requires difficult surgery，and the patients can't walk without the system．But the scientists are hopeful that in the future，this sort of technology will allow many paralyzed people to begin to walk again in just hours．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。瑞士的科学家可以通过在瘫痪病人体内植入设备来帮助他们重新行走。
8．What's the main function of the spinal cord
A．It serves as a message carrier．
B．It helps people stand up straight．
C．It takes control of the muscles．
D．It produces signals for movements．
A [细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Inside is the spinal cord，which carries important information between the head and the lower part of the body．”可知，脊髓携带着大脑和下肢之间的重要信息，即它充当着信息载体，故A项正确。]
9．What is the implanted device expected to do
A．Activate the damaged nerves．
B．Identify the position of the injury．
C．Test the degree of the damage．
D．Bridge the nerve gap made by the injury．
D [推理判断题。根据第二段中的“When the spinal cord is hurt，this pathway gets damaged and the patients can't move their legs．”可知，一旦脊髓受损，传输信息的通道会被损坏，病人就无法移动双腿；根据第三段中的“The researchers made sure the electrodes were lined up with nerves that control the leg muscles．”可知，移植的电极会帮助连接控制腿部肌肉的神经，据此可以推断，植入的设备应该能够连接受伤的神经，故D项正确。]
10．What is paragraph 4 mainly about
A．How the surgery is performed．
B．How the device works on patients．
C．How the patients walk without aid．
D．How movement patterns are designed．
B [段落大意题。根据第四段中的“the tablet tells...the chosen way”可知，本段主要讲了植入的装置如何在病人身上工作，帮助病人重新行走，故B项正确。]
11．Which can be the best title of the text
A．Damaged nerves recover after surgery
B．Tablets are used in a medical treatment
C．The implant helps the paralyzed walk again
D．Scientists made a discovery on the backbone
C [标题归纳题。本文介绍了一项医学进步，根据本文中心句即第一段中的“scientists have given...an implanted device”和文章大意可知，本文主要介绍了科学家通过植入一个装置帮助瘫痪病人重新行走，故C项最适合作本文的标题。]
Ⅱ．完形填空
(2022·潍坊市高考模拟)
It was a small graduation party．Only Ed，Max，Raul and I were there．All three men，each over the age of fifty，had achieved a 1 in their lives．They could 2 ．
Overcoming decades of 3 and a lifetime of covering up their illiteracy，these three men had signed up for a free three-month course，taught by me．
“I take the bus every day to work，” said Ed．“I have done this for over thirty years．Just yesterday I 4 what the words ‘Emergency Exit’ mean．” Max reported that he was 5 to understand much of Monday's newspaper sports article on his beloved Dallas Cowboys．
6 ，his break time was spent 7 to read in the hope that his co-workers would never discover his shameful secret．As our final night came to a close，Raul took my hand between his rough ones，“You gave me a 8 ．You gave me a new life．”
Being so young，I did not grasp the full 9 of his simple statement until my own gray hair appeared and a(n) 10 downturn robbed me of my work and income security．Now I'm the 11 of my former pupils and my future needs a 12 button．I realize that limiting my destiny (命运) because of my age or my lack of skills is 13 ．A future with many wonderful opportunities could belong to me as long as I have the courage to 14 it out and work for it．
Like Ed，Max and Raul，I am determined to make a new life for myself．They 15 me well．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者在年轻时曾经教会了三个年过50岁的人识字，其中一人还说作者给予了他们新的生活。在当时作者还不能完全理解其中的含义，但是在作者到了他们那个年纪时，由于经济衰退失去了工作和收入保障，也就是那时作者才明白，只要有勇气去开创新的生活，蕴含无数机会的未来就会属于他，他不应该被年龄因素或缺乏技能局限。
1．A．first B．medal
C．career D．prize
A [考查语境推断。根据第一段第一句可知，这三个上了年纪的男人向作者学习认字阅读，实现了人生中最重要的成就。因此选A。first“空前的成就，前所未有的事情”。]
2．A．work B．survive
C．read D．drive
C [考查逻辑推断。根据下文中的“covering up their illiteracy”可推知，他们是学习阅读，因此选C。]
3．A．sorrow B．depression
C．threat D．embarrassment
D [考查语境推断。根据第四段中的“in the hope that his co-workers would never discover his shameful secret”可知，他们认为不识字很羞愧、很尴尬，因此选D。]
4．A．heard about B．looked through
C．put forward D．figured out
D [考查语境推断。根据上文可知，他每天坐公交车，但是识字之后才弄清楚“Emergency Exit”的意思。因此选D。]
5．A．likely B．able
C．cautious D．eager
B [考查语境推断。根据语境可知，三个男人在作者这里报班学习识字阅读，现在能够读懂报纸了，因此选B。]
6．A．Ultimately B．Lately
C．Previously D．Gradually
C [考查语境推断。根据第三段他们在谈论学会识字阅读后的变化可知，以前Max休息的时候都是假装阅读报纸，希望他的同事不会发现他令人羞愧的秘密。因此选C。]
7．A．learning B．continuing
C．managing D．pretending
D [考查语境推断。参见上题解析。]
8．A．future B．choice
C．break D．lesson
A [考查逻辑推断。根据空后“You gave me a new life．”可知，作者教他阅读，给了他新生活，给了他一个未来，因此选A。]
9．A．purpose B．wisdom
C．comment D．background
B [考查语境推断。根据语境可知，此处意为“作者并没有理解他那句简单的话的全部智慧”，因此选B。]
10．A．educational B．scientific
C．physical D．economic
D [考查语境推断。根据空后“robbed me of my work and income security”可知，此处是指经济不景气。因此选D。]
11．A．age B．example
C．image D．guide
A [考查逻辑推断和语境推断。根据上文中的“my own gray hair appeared”可知，作者到了那三个男人的年纪了，因此选A。]
12．A．new B．restart
C．special D．play
B [考查逻辑推断。根据上文叙述“作者失去工作和收入保障”可推知，此处意为“作者的未来需要按下重启键”，因此选B。]
13．A．crucial B．reasonable
C．foolish D．annoying
C [考查逻辑推断。根据上文叙述可知，作者认识到之前的想法是愚蠢的。因此选C。]
14．A．seek B．let
C．bring D．carry
A [考查语境推断。根据语境可知，此处意为“一个充满绝妙机遇的未来是属于‘我’的，只要‘我’有勇气去寻找且为之努力”。因此选A。]
15．A．trained B．taught
C．cloned D．controlled
B [考查语境推断。根据上文叙述可知，“我”教会他们识字，他们也教会“我”一个道理，此处是指他们也很好地教导了“我”，因此选B。]
Ⅲ．应用文写作
(2022·南京市模拟试题)
假定你是Sunshine School的学生李华，为了帮助同学们提高应急反应能力，请你代表学校写信邀请国际红十字会代表Mr Smith来校开展一次急救知识培训。内容包括：
1．培训安排；
2．培训内容(至少两点)。
注意：1．词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：心肺复苏CPR
Dear Mr Smith，
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
【参考范文】
Dear Mr Smith，
I am Li Hua from Sunshine School．I'm writing to invite you to give us first-aid training to improve our emergency response abilities．
The training will last one hour from 3：30 to 4：30 pm on May 20th in the school hall．Would you please show us how to perform CPR and dress wounds？If time permits，we'd like to have a try under your guidance．
Your training will benefit us a lot．Looking forward to your early reply．
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
