(共64张PPT)
教材知识讲练
选择性必修二册
Unit 4 Breaking boundaries
续写语料积累 背诵·句之美
1．(行为描写)(2022·重庆市模拟)With tears rolling down his face and off his chin, the boy pointed to a spot just around a parked car．
2．(心理描写)(2022·无锡市模拟)A heavy silence fell, one that was full of hope and expectation, of fear and of nervousness．
3．(景物描写)(2022·泰安市模拟)Dark clouds were gathering in the sky above and a cold wind came in from the north．
续写语料积累 欣赏·语之秀
(2022·保定市模拟)Glass and sticky juice splashed to the farthest corners of the kitchen．Shocked, I looked at the mess．Then I dropped heartbrokenly down to the floor，and my eyes filled with tears．The tears seemed to show that “today is just not my day”．
语基自查自测·巩固验收
01
核
心
单
词
检
测 1．(2020·天津5月卷)History has the potential to break down those __________(boundary) by offering us insight into entire worlds that would otherwise be foreign to us．
2．The president _______(mount) the platform and delivered a speech．
3．Fortunately for him, he ________(cast) in the lead role of Hamlet．
boundaries
mounted
was cast
核
心
单
词
检
测 4．According to official __________(statistic) the disease killed over 500 people．
5．If the problem __________(tackle), we will make it possible for computers to output data much more quickly．
statistics
is tackled
派生单词检测 1．Tom is an _________ teacher in the college．He often helps the students with their problems and gives __________ to any student in need．(assist)
2．In _________，I expect you to _______ that you must stop daydreaming and be _________．(real)
3．Flu is highly __________ and therefore you mustn't be exposed to _________．(infect)
assistant
assistance
reality
realise
realistic
infectious
infection
派生单词检测 4．She's very good at making friends and ___________ people so I like this ___________ girl．(influence)
5．He _______ hours a day to the work and his ________ left him with very little free time．(devote)
influencing
influential
devoted
devotion
高频短语检测 take any chances，put ...at risk，against all odds，step into sb．'s shoes，look to, bring forth，in vain
1．We tried many ways to argue him into following our advice, but _______．
2．__________________，the workers still finished their tasks perfectly on time．
3．When Mr Jones retires, his son will ___________________．
in vain
Against all odds
step into his shoes
高频短语检测 4．The river ran so fast that we couldn't ________________ to cross it．
5．He encouraged his students to constantly ___________ new ideas in painting and to obtain even better results．
take any chances
bring forth
重点句式检测 1．自从我上次在上海见到你已经有十年了。(It＋be＋时间段＋since)
______________________________ I last saw you in Shanghai．
2．在家听音乐是一回事，去听现场演奏又是另一回事。(hear＋宾语＋宾补)
Listening to music at home is one thing, going to_____________________________ is quite another．
It is/has been ten years since
hear it being
performed live
重点句式检测 3．杰克一到家，就惊讶地发现他家的门敞开着。(be＋adj．＋to do)
On arriving home, Jack _________________________________．
was surprised to find his door open
考点探究归纳·多维讲练
02
词法探究
句法探究
1 assist v．协助，帮助
练中回想——语法填空
①(2021·全国乙卷)I always assist my parents __ doing the dishes after meals．
②(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)For __________(assist), please call Queensland Rail on 13 16 17．
③Mary was chosen as an __________(assist) to help Mr Brown finish his research．
in
assistance
assistant
完美写作——一句多译
在老师的帮助下，我逐渐适应了学校生活。
④_________________________________，I gradually adjusted to the school life．(介词短语)
⑤______________________，I gradually adjusted to the school life．(分词作状语)
With the assistance of my teacher
Assisted by my teacher
练后归纳——搭配拓展
?assist sb．with/in sth．帮助某人某事
?assist sb．in doing/to do sth．帮助某人做某事
?assistance n．帮助；协助
?with the assistance of...在……的帮助下
?assistant n．助手，助理
语料输入——必备素材
?assist the doctor with the preparation of the medicine 协助医生备好药品
?assist the tourists to find a comfortable hotel 帮助游客找一家舒适的旅馆
?turn to the teacher for assistance 向老师求助
?be elected as assistant to the English teacher 被选为英语课代表
2 vital adj．极其重要的
练中回想——语法填空
①(2021·天津卷)Vital __ human life, art is celebrated and used by nations across the world for various purposes．
②It is vital ________(learn) something from failure．
③As far as I'm concerned, your advice is ___vital importance to my study．
to
to learn
of
完美写作——应用文佳句
④If we are to make a difference in life, _________________________________________________(重要的是我们应该从小事开始)．
it's vital that we should begin
with small things
练后归纳——搭配拓展
?be vital to/for...对……极其重要
?It is vital to do sth．做某事很重要
?It is vital that ...(should)do sth．做某事极为重要
?of vital importance至关重要的
语料输入——必备素材
?a vital part of life 生命中极其重要的一部分
?be vital for/to the students' physical and mental health 对学生的身心健康极其重要
3 rewarding adj．值得做的，有意义的
练中回想——语法填空
①(2021·全国乙卷)To many people, saving lives is part of the job but styling hair is an extra and should ___________(reward)．
be rewarded
②(2021·北京卷)The most _________(reward) day for our group was project day, when all the efforts we put into collecting the items finally came together．
③If you are brave to say “Goodbye”， life will reward you ____ a new hello．
rewarding
with
完美写作——一句多译
我给那个男孩一本字典作为他对我无私帮助的回报。
④I gave the boy a dictionary, _________________ his selfless help to me．(reward v．)
⑤I gave the boy a dictionary _____________________________ his selfless help to me．(reward n．)
rewarding him for
in reward for/as a reward for
练后归纳——搭配拓展
?reward n．酬金；赏金；奖赏v．奖赏；报答；酬谢
?as a reward for...作为对……的报酬
?in reward for 为报答；作为……的奖赏
?reward sb．with...用……奖赏某人
?reward sb．for sth．/doing sth．因(做)某事奖励某人
语料输入——必备素材
?be rewarded with a smile被报以微笑
?receive a reward for saving the child's life 因挽救了孩子的生命而受到奖励
?as a reward for being admitted to college 作为被大学录取的奖赏
4 influential adj．有影响力的
练中回想——语法填空
①(2020·新高考卷Ⅰ)The tests show that the social environment is extremely ___________(influence) when we're making decisions．
②He was extremely influential __ raising people's awareness of the disease．
③As you know, China has a growing influence _______ today's world．
influential
in
on/upon
完美写作——一句多译
在一位高中生物老师的影响下，他从事了医学研究。
④________________________________________，he took up the study of medicine．(分词短语作状语)
⑤______________________________________________________，he took up the study of medicine．(介词短语)
Influenced by a high school biology teacher
Under the influence of a high school biology teacher
练后归纳——搭配拓展
?be influential in (doing) sth．对(做)某事颇有影响
?influence v．影响；作用n．影响(力)；支配力
?influence sb．to do sth．影响某人做某事
?under the influence of...在……的影响下
?have an influence on/upon...对……有影响
语料输入——必备素材
?influence her to choose a career in nursing 影响她选择了护理的职业
?under the influence of the growing interest in nature 在对自然越来越感兴趣的影响下
5 put...at risk 使……处境危险；使……遭受威胁
练中回想——语法填空
①(2022·全国乙卷)It is believed that today's children and teenagers are consuming three times the recommended level of sugar, putting them __ a higher risk of the disease．
②(2021·北京卷)It is easier to avoid a discussion, but risking _______(talk) about it may eventually lead to a better outcome．
③Though it is fun to play on the frozen river, it is _____(risk)．
at
talking
risky
完美写作——一句多译
他冒着生命危险从冰冷的河水里救出了那个男孩。
④He _______________________________ in the cold river．(risk v．)
⑤He _________________________________ in the cold river．(risk n．)
risked his life to save the boy
saved the boy at the risk of losing his life
练后归纳——搭配拓展
?risk n．危险；风险 v．面临冒险；冒……的危险或风险
?at risk 处于危险中
?at the risk of...冒……的风险
?take risks/a risk 冒险
?run/take the risk of ...冒……的危险
?risk doing sth．冒险做某事
?risk one's life to do sth．冒着生命危险做某事
?risky adj．有危险(或风险)的
语料输入——必备素材
?put people's lives at risk 使人们的生命处于危险之中
?not want to risk becoming involved in a civil war 不想冒卷入一场内战的危险
6 [教材原句]It's exactly one month since the last reported case．
距离发现上一个报告病例已经整整一个月了。
练中回想——语法填空
①It's more than 70 years _____ the foundation of the organization．
②He said it was ten years since he ________(come) here．
③He was told that it would be at least three more months ______ he could recover and return to work．
④It was already midnight ____ I returned home from my office last night．
since
had come
before
when
完美写作——应用文佳句
⑤_________________________________________________________ (尽管你已经有一年多不教我们英语了), We've missed you a lot, thinking about those happy moments when we stayed with you．
While it has been more than a year since you taught us English
练后归纳——句法分析
?It＋be＋时间段＋since ...意为“自从……已有多久了”，其中since可作介词，后接名词；可作连词，后接从句。主句中be为is/has been时，从句用一般过去时；若be为was，则从句用过去完成时。
?It＋be＋一段时间＋before...表示“多久之后才……”。
?It＋be＋时间点＋when从句(时间状语从句)表示“做某事是在某时”。
?It＋be＋介词＋时间点/段＋that ...是强调句型。
语料输入——必备素材
It has been two weeks since you came to our school for the exchange program, which has benefited all of us．
自从你来我校参加这次交流活动已有两周了，这次活动使我们所有人都受益匪浅。
三层固基达标训练
03
层级一
层级二
层级三
Ⅰ．用所给词的正确形式填空
1．(2022·全国乙卷)That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones _________(assist) the crews' efforts．
2．I find it ___________ (interest) to work on the farm．
3．(2020·浙江1月卷)It reminds her that children don't enter life afraid to take _____(risk) or unwilling to try again when they fall down．
assisting
interesting
risks
4．She is one of the most ___________(influence) figures in local politics．
5．When you face difficulty, the suggestions may be of __________(assist) to you．
6．It is already three years since he ______(work) in this company, and now he still can't find a job．
influential
assistance
worked
Ⅱ．在空白处填入一个适当的词
1．(2021·北京卷)Temporal connection to the environment was vital __ their survival．
2．It has been years _____ I enjoyed myself so much．
3．The disease is spreading, and all the children under five are __ risk．
4．__ a reward for his excellent achievements, Jeff is offered a paid visit to Beijing．
to
since
at
As
Ⅰ．用所给词的正确形式填空
1．(2021·浙江卷)Leslie Nielsen's ________(devote) to acting is wonderfully inspiring．
2．(2020·浙江1月卷)A child born in the US today has a very _________(realist) chance of living beyond 100 and needs to plan accordingly．
devotion
realistic
3．Laughter is one of the most __________(infection) expressions of emotion．
4．It's a __________(harmony) community where people are happy and friendly．
infectious
harmonious
Ⅱ．在空白处填入一个适当的词
1．It took a great deal of courage to admit that all the retired worker's efforts had been __ vain．
2．The insurance company will compensate you ___ your loss in the disaster．
3．When in trouble, we should look __ the future, which will give enough hope and confidence to move forward．
4．We celebrate the Tomb-Sweeping Day, which usually falls on 4th April, __ memory of our ancestors．
in
for
to
in
Ⅰ．熟词生义(选出黑体词在句中的汉语意思)
1．(2021·新高考卷Ⅰ)The French take their 35-hour workweek seriously—so seriously that some labor unions recently stuck a deal with a group of companies limiting the number of hours that independent contractors can be on call．_
A．联邦 B．联合 C．工会
C
2．(2020·江苏卷)Quality counts less than attitude and effort—even a stupid joke can relieve others of risk and embarrassment．_
A．给……换班 B．减轻 C．调剂
B
Ⅱ．长难语句(分析句子的结构并翻译成汉语)
1．(2020·北京卷)Instead, I agree with Oxford University philosopher Nick Bostrom, who believes that the heaviest risks from AGI do not come from a decision to turn against mankind but rather from a dogged pursuit of set objectives at the expense of everything else．
化繁为简本句是复合句，who believes that ...everything else为________，修饰先行词Nick Bostrom，其中包含that引导的________。
[尝试解答]相反，我同意牛津大学哲学家Nick Bostrom的观点，他认为AGI最大风险并非来自与人类作对的决定，而是来自不惜一切代价对既定目标的追求。
定语从句
宾语从句
2．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Those who were highest in status in high school, as well as those least liked in elementary school, are “most likely to engage(从事)in dangerous and risky behavior．”
化繁为简本句是复合句，who were highest ...in elementary school为________修饰先行词第一个Those，其中least liked in elementary school为过去分词短语作____修饰第二个those。
[尝试解答]那些在高中地位最高和在小学最不受欢迎的人“最有可能从事危险和冒险之事”。
定语从句
定语
三维提能培优训练
04
维度一
维度二
维度三
短文中黑体部分为本单元核心知识点，请在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并背诵该短文。
Statistics show that the Ebola virus 1．__________(kill) nearly one thousand people in the world so far．This event shows that the virus has no boundaries and is the common enemy 2．__________ mankind faces．Only by joining hands and assisting each other can the international community overcome our common threat．As soon as this highly infectious disease 3．_____(break) out, Chinese people carried forward the spirit of fearless internationalism and sent a medical team
has killed
that/which
broke
4．___ (lead) by specialists to Africa to provide medical 5．__________(assist)．The noble behavior and dedication of the Chinese people have had 6．_ positive influence and won wide praise from the international community．But a minority of people in some countries take this opportunity 7．_________ (attack) China, and their actions are doomed to be 8．__ vain．With the joint efforts of people all over the world, the epidemic has been 9．___________ (effective)
led
assistance
a
to attack
in
effectively
controlled，which is a miracle．This incident also shows that the establishment of a 10．__________ (harmony) world advocated by China is the top priority facing mankind and is rewarding．
effectively
用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识完成满分作文
请你用英语写一篇短文，简要介绍亚伯拉罕·林肯为了纪念为国捐躯的士兵，于1863年发表的《葛底斯堡演说》。
注意：词数80左右。
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
In memory of the soldiers who died for the country，Abraham Lincoln，the sixteenth President of the United States delivered his famous address under the title of “The Gettysburg Address” to the crowd in Gettysburg on Nov．19，1863．
Four months before，at a great cost, the Union had won the fierce battle taking place at Gettysburg．Based on their ideals, their ancestors came to this place to conceive liberty and create justice．Lincoln said they were engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation could long endure, but they would carry on．He declared that the country would not let anyone die in vain and that their government would never perish from the earth．
The Gettysburg Address is regarded as one of the greatest ones in American history．
动作描写之shoulder动“肩膀”
Step 1．储备词汇(记牢本单元可用于描写的词汇)
积累
常诵 ①broad shoulders宽阔的肩膀 ②look over one's shoulder 回头看 ③shrug one's shoulders 耸肩 ④tap/pat sb．on the shoulder 拍某人的肩膀
Step 2．尝试练笔(翻译下面的续写语句)
用与shoulder相关的表达和其他描写手法补全下列句子
①他是个中等个子，肩膀宽阔的男人。一天， 他正漫无目的地闲逛，这时感觉有点儿不对劲。
___________________________________________________．One day，he was wandering aimlessly when he sensed something strange．
②他回头看了看，结果发现一个年轻人正紧跟着他。
___________________________，only to find a young man following him closely．
He was a man of medium height，with broad shoulders
He looked over his shoulder
③当他问他为什么这么做时，年轻人只是耸耸肩什么也没说。
______________________________________________________________________________(状语从句的省略)
④他拍了拍年轻人的肩膀，警告他不要再跟着他。
______________________________________________________________________________
⑤这个年轻人耸肩而笑地说：“你的钱包丢了”。
___________________________________________________________
__________________
When asked why he did it，the young man just shrugged his shoulders
and said nothing．
He tapped the young man on the shoulder，warning him not to follow him again．
The young man's shoulder shook with a laugh，and said，“Your wallet is lost．”续写语料积累 背诵·句之美 欣赏·语之秀
1．(行为描写)(2022·重庆市模拟)With tears rolling down his face and off his chin, the boy pointed to a spot just around a parked car． 2．(心理描写)(2022·无锡市模拟)A heavy silence fell, one that was full of hope and expectation, of fear and of nervousness． 3．(景物描写)(2022·泰安市模拟)Dark clouds were gathering in the sky above and a cold wind came in from the north． (2022·保定市模拟)Glass and sticky juice splashed to the farthest corners of the kitchen．Shocked, I looked at the mess．Then I dropped heartbrokenly down to the floor，and my eyes filled with tears．The tears seemed to show that “today is just not my day”．
核心单词检测 1．(2020·天津5月卷)History has the potential to break down those boundaries(boundary) by offering us insight into entire worlds that would otherwise be foreign to us． 2．The president mounted(mount) the platform and delivered a speech． 3．Fortunately for him, he was cast(cast) in the lead role of Hamlet． 4．According to official statistics(statistic) the disease killed over 500 people． 5．If the problem is tackled(tackle), we will make it possible for computers to output data much more quickly．
派生单词检测 1．Tom is an assistant teacher in the college．He often helps the students with their problems and gives assistance to any student in need．(assist) 2．In reality, I expect you to realise that you must stop daydreaming and be realistic．(real) 3．Flu is highly infectious and therefore you mustn't be exposed to infection．(infect) 4．She's very good at making friends and influencing people so I like this influential girl．(influence) 5．He devoted hours a day to the work and his devotion left him with very little free time．(devote)
高频短语检测 take any chances，put ...at risk，against all odds，step into sb．'s shoes，look to, bring forth，in vain
1．We tried many ways to argue him into following our advice, but in vain． 2．Against all odds, the workers still finished their tasks perfectly on time． 3．When Mr Jones retires, his son will step into his shoes． 4．The river ran so fast that we couldn't take any chances to cross it． 5．He encouraged his students to constantly bring forth new ideas in painting and to obtain even better results．
重点句式检测 1．自从我上次在上海见到你已经有十年了。(It＋be＋时间段＋since) It is/has been ten years since I last saw you in Shanghai． 2．在家听音乐是一回事，去听现场演奏又是另一回事。(hear＋宾语＋宾补) Listening to music at home is one thing, going to hear it being performed live is quite another． 3．杰克一到家，就惊讶地发现他家的门敞开着。(be＋adj．＋to do) On arriving home, Jack was surprised to find his door open．
1 assist v．协助，帮助
①(2021·全国乙卷)I always assist my parents in doing the dishes after meals．
②(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)For assistance(assist), please call Queensland Rail on 13 16 17．
③Mary was chosen as an assistant (assist) to help Mr Brown finish his research．
在老师的帮助下，我逐渐适应了学校生活。
④With the assistance of my teacher，I gradually adjusted to the school life．(介词短语)
⑤Assisted by my teacher，I gradually adjusted to the school life．(分词作状语)
?assist sb．with/in sth．帮助某人某事
?assist sb．in doing/to do sth．帮助某人做某事
?assistance n．帮助；协助
?with the assistance of...在……的帮助下
?assistant n．助手，助理
?assist the doctor with the preparation of the medicine 协助医生备好药品
?assist the tourists to find a comfortable hotel 帮助游客找一家舒适的旅馆
?turn to the teacher for assistance 向老师求助
?be elected as assistant to the English teacher 被选为英语课代表
2 vital adj．极其重要的
①(2021·天津卷)Vital to human life, art is celebrated and used by nations across the world for various purposes．
②It is vital to learn(learn) something from failure．
③As far as I'm concerned, your advice is of vital importance to my study．
④If we are to make a difference in life, it's vital that we should begin with small things(重要的是我们应该从小事开始)．
?be vital to/for...对……极其重要
?It is vital to do sth．做某事很重要
?It is vital that ...(should)do sth．做某事极为重要
?of vital importance至关重要的
?a vital part of life 生命中极其重要的一部分
?be vital for/to the students' physical and mental health 对学生的身心健康极其重要
3 rewarding adj．值得做的，有意义的
①(2021·全国乙卷)To many people, saving lives is part of the job but styling hair is an extra and should be rewarded(reward)．
②(2021·北京卷)The most rewarding(reward) day for our group was project day, when all the efforts we put into collecting the items finally came together．
③If you are brave to say “Goodbye”， life will reward you with a new hello．
我给那个男孩一本字典作为他对我无私帮助的回报。
④I gave the boy a dictionary, rewarding him for his selfless help to me．(reward v．)
⑤I gave the boy a dictionary in reward for/as a reward for his selfless help to me．(reward n．)
?reward n．酬金；赏金；奖赏v．奖赏；报答；酬谢
?as a reward for...作为对……的报酬
?in reward for 为报答；作为……的奖赏
?reward sb．with...用……奖赏某人
?reward sb．for sth．/doing sth．因(做)某事奖励某人
?be rewarded with a smile被报以微笑
?receive a reward for saving the child's life 因挽救了孩子的生命而受到奖励
?as a reward for being admitted to college 作为被大学录取的奖赏
4 influential adj．有影响力的
①(2020·新高考卷Ⅰ)The tests show that the social environment is extremely influential(influence) when we're making decisions．
②He was extremely influential in raising people's awareness of the disease．
③As you know, China has a growing influence on/upon today's world．
在一位高中生物老师的影响下，他从事了医学研究。
④Influenced by a high school biology teacher, he took up the study of medicine．(分词短语作状语)
⑤Under the influence of a high school biology teacher, he took up the study of medicine．(介词短语)
?be influential in (doing) sth．对(做)某事颇有影响
?influence v．影响；作用n．影响(力)；支配力
?influence sb．to do sth．影响某人做某事
?under the influence of...在……的影响下
?have an influence on/upon...对……有影响
?influence her to choose a career in nursing 影响她选择了护理的职业
?under the influence of the growing interest in nature 在对自然越来越感兴趣的影响下
5 put...at risk 使……处境危险；使……遭受威胁
①(2022·全国乙卷)It is believed that today's children and teenagers are consuming three times the recommended level of sugar, putting them at a higher risk of the disease．
②(2021·北京卷)It is easier to avoid a discussion, but risking talking(talk) about it may eventually lead to a better outcome．
③Though it is fun to play on the frozen river, it is risky(risk)．
他冒着生命危险从冰冷的河水里救出了那个男孩。
④He risked his life to save the boy in the cold river．(risk v．)
⑤He saved the boy at the risk of losing his life in the cold river．(risk n．)
?risk n．危险；风险 v．面临冒险；冒……的危险或风险
?at risk 处于危险中
?at the risk of...冒……的风险
?take risks/a risk 冒险
?run/take the risk of ...冒……的危险
?risk doing sth．冒险做某事
?risk one's life to do sth．冒着生命危险做某事
?risky adj．有危险(或风险)的
?put people's lives at risk 使人们的生命处于危险之中
?not want to risk becoming involved in a civil war 不想冒卷入一场内战的危险
6 [教材原句]It's exactly one month since the last reported case． 距离发现上一个报告病例已经整整一个月了。
①It's more than 70 years since the foundation of the organization．
②He said it was ten years since he had come(come) here．
③He was told that it would be at least three more months before he could recover and return to work．
④It was already midnight when I returned home from my office last night．
⑤While it has been more than a year since you taught us English(尽管你已经有一年多不教我们英语了), We've missed you a lot, thinking about those happy moments when we stayed with you．
?It＋be＋时间段＋since ...意为“自从……已有多久了”，其中since可作介词，后接名词；可作连词，后接从句。主句中be为is/has been时，从句用一般过去时；若be为was，则从句用过去完成时。
?It＋be＋一段时间＋before...表示“多久之后才……”。
?It＋be＋时间点＋when从句(时间状语从句)表示“做某事是在某时”。
?It＋be＋介词＋时间点/段＋that ...是强调句型。
It has been two weeks since you came to our school for the exchange program, which has benefited all of us．
自从你来我校参加这次交流活动已有两周了，这次活动使我们所有人都受益匪浅。
Ⅰ．用所给词的正确形式填空
1．(2022·全国乙卷)That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting(assist) the crews' efforts．
2．I find it interesting (interest) to work on the farm．
3．(2020·浙江1月卷)It reminds her that children don't enter life afraid to take risks(risk) or unwilling to try again when they fall down．
4．She is one of the most influential(influence) figures in local politics．
5．When you face difficulty, the suggestions may be of assistance(assist) to you．
6．It is already three years since he worked(work) in this company, and now he still can't find a job．
Ⅱ．在空白处填入一个适当的词
1．(2021·北京卷)Temporal connection to the environment was vital to their survival．
2．It has been years since I enjoyed myself so much．
3．The disease is spreading, and all the children under five are at risk．
4．As a reward for his excellent achievements, Jeff is offered a paid visit to Beijing．
Ⅰ．用所给词的正确形式填空
1．(2021·浙江卷)Leslie Nielsen's devotion(devote) to acting is wonderfully inspiring．
2．(2020·浙江1月卷)A child born in the US today has a very realistic(realist) chance of living beyond 100 and needs to plan accordingly．
3．Laughter is one of the most infectious(infection) expressions of emotion．
4．It's a harmonious(harmony) community where people are happy and friendly．
Ⅱ．在空白处填入一个适当的词
1．It took a great deal of courage to admit that all the retired worker's efforts had been in vain．
2．The insurance company will compensate you for your loss in the disaster．
3．When in trouble, we should look to the future, which will give enough hope and confidence to move forward．
4．We celebrate the Tomb-Sweeping Day, which usually falls on 4th April, in memory of our ancestors．
Ⅰ．熟词生义(选出黑体词在句中的汉语意思)
1．(2021·新高考卷Ⅰ)The French take their 35-hour workweek seriously—so seriously that some labor unions recently stuck a deal with a group of companies limiting the number of hours that independent contractors can be on call．C
A．联邦 B．联合 C．工会
2．(2020·江苏卷)Quality counts less than attitude and effort—even a stupid joke can relieve others of risk and embarrassment．B
A．给……换班 B．减轻 C．调剂
Ⅱ．长难语句(分析句子的结构并翻译成汉语)
1．(2020·北京卷)Instead, I agree with Oxford University philosopher Nick Bostrom, who believes that the heaviest risks from AGI do not come from a decision to turn against mankind but rather from a dogged pursuit of set objectives at the expense of everything else．
本句是复合句，who believes that ...everything else为定语从句，修饰先行词Nick Bostrom，其中包含that引导的宾语从句。
[尝试解答]相反，我同意牛津大学哲学家Nick Bostrom的观点，他认为AGI最大风险并非来自与人类作对的决定，而是来自不惜一切代价对既定目标的追求。
2．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Those who were highest in status in high school, as well as those least liked in elementary school, are “most likely to engage(从事)in dangerous and risky behavior．”
本句是复合句，who were highest ...in elementary school为定语从句修饰先行词第一个Those，其中least liked in elementary school为过去分词短语作定语修饰第二个those。
[尝试解答]那些在高中地位最高和在小学最不受欢迎的人“最有可能从事危险和冒险之事”。
短文中黑体部分为本单元核心知识点，请在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并背诵该短文。
Statistics show that the Ebola virus 1．has killed(kill) nearly one thousand people in the world so far．This event shows that the virus has no boundaries and is the common enemy 2．that/which mankind faces．Only by joining hands and assisting each other can the international community overcome our common threat．As soon as this highly infectious disease 3．broke(break) out, Chinese people carried forward the spirit of fearless internationalism and sent a medical team 4．led (lead) by specialists to Africa to provide medical 5．assistance(assist)．The noble behavior and dedication of the Chinese people have had 6．a positive influence and won wide praise from the international community．But a minority of people in some countries take this opportunity 7．to attack (attack) China, and their actions are doomed to be 8．in vain．With the joint efforts of people all over the world, the epidemic has been 9．effectively (effective) controlled，which is a miracle．This incident also shows that the establishment of a 10．harmonious (harmony) world advocated by China is the top priority facing mankind and is rewarding．
用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识完成满分作文
请你用英语写一篇短文，简要介绍亚伯拉罕·林肯为了纪念为国捐躯的士兵，于1863年发表的《葛底斯堡演说》。
注意：词数80左右。
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【参考范文】
In memory of the soldiers who died for the country，Abraham Lincoln，the sixteenth President of the United States delivered his famous address under the title of “The Gettysburg Address” to the crowd in Gettysburg on Nov．19，1863．
Four months before，at a great cost, the Union had won the fierce battle taking place at Gettysburg．Based on their ideals, their ancestors came to this place to conceive liberty and create justice．Lincoln said they were engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation could long endure, but they would carry on．He declared that the country would not let anyone die in vain and that their government would never perish from the earth．
The Gettysburg Address is regarded as one of the greatest ones in American history．
动作描写之shoulder动“肩膀”
Step 1．储备词汇(记牢本单元可用于描写的词汇)
积累 常诵 ①broad shoulders宽阔的肩膀 ②look over one's shoulder 回头看 ③shrug one's shoulders 耸肩 ④tap/pat sb．on the shoulder 拍某人的肩膀
Step 2．尝试练笔(翻译下面的续写语句)
用与shoulder相关的表达和其他描写手法补全下列句子
①他是个中等个子，肩膀宽阔的男人。一天， 他正漫无目的地闲逛，这时感觉有点儿不对劲。
He was a man of medium height，with broad shoulders．One day，he was wandering aimlessly when he sensed something strange．
②他回头看了看，结果发现一个年轻人正紧跟着他。
He looked over his shoulder，only to find a young man following him closely．
③当他问他为什么这么做时，年轻人只是耸耸肩什么也没说。
When asked why he did it，the young man just shrugged his shoulders and said nothing．(状语从句的省略)
④他拍了拍年轻人的肩膀，警告他不要再跟着他。
He tapped the young man on the shoulder，warning him not to follow him again．
⑤这个年轻人耸肩而笑地说：“你的钱包丢了”。
The young man's shoulder shook with a laugh，and said，“Your wallet is lost．”
课时分层作业(二十八)
Ⅰ．阅读理解(限时7分钟)
(2022·南通市第一次调研测试)
Laurie Horam never thought of himself as a real musician．At home，his dad never listened to music，and one of his boarding school teachers labelled him tone-deaf．But last month he started to play the harmonica (口琴) on the streets of Bradford．People clapped，danced and threw coins into his case for the local food bank．Horam caught himself thinking，“How，at the age of 79，do I come to be playing music to people on the streets？”
The question preoccupied him，because，some years ago at a family gathering，Gavin，his eldest son，said，“You know what，Dad It can't be coincidental．We must have got our musical abilities from you．” Horam has three sons and they cover a range of instruments．He was surprised．“There can't be music in me，because I can't play！” he said．
Eight years ago，Horam，a retired civil servant，was on his way back from a trip with his family．Gavin stopped at a music shop．He walked out and said，“Here you are．I bought this for you，Dad．It's a harmonica．I'll try to show you how to play it．”
They went to a session at their local pub．Gavin played the guitar and Horam sat in the corner with his harmonica，trying to make a sound that no one would hear．After six months，he was invited into the group．He discovered a talent for improvisation (即兴表演)，responding to a note within a millisecond without batting an eyelid．“I don't play by ear．I play by heart．” Actually, Horam says，“My harmonica plays me—how I feel，what I am，and what I've been．”
Music has enriched life with friendship and made Horam feel “part of something much bigger” than himself．“At a time when the circle of life might be shrinking，mine is expanding，” he says．“Maybe we never know completely who we are or what we can do．”
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了一个79岁才被发现的音乐家Laurie Horam。
1．Why did Horam play the harmonica on the streets of Bradford
A．To recall the good old days．
B．To beg food from passers-by．
C．To realize his childhood dream．
D．To collect money for charity．
D [细节理解题。根据第一段中的“People clapped，danced...for the local food bank．”可知，人们纷纷将钱投进为当地食品银行捐赠的箱子里，据此可知，Laurie Horam参加街头口琴演奏是为了给慈善募捐。]
2．What is Gavin's attitude to his father's musical ability
A．Positive． B．Disapproving．
C．Doubtful． D．Unclear．
A [观点态度题。根据第二段第一句中Gavin说的话可知，Gavin认为他们都遗传了父亲的音乐天赋；根据第三段可知，Gavin为他的父亲购买了口琴，并教他吹奏。据此可以推知，Gavin对他父亲的音乐才能持积极的态度。]
3．What does playing the harmonica allow Horam to do
A．Enjoy the quiet．
B．Listen to his heart．
C．Express himself．
D．Sharpen his hearing．
C [细节理解题。根据第四段尾句中的“My harmonica plays me－how I fell，what I am，and what I've been”可知，Horam觉得他的口琴在演奏他自己：他的感受、他的现在和他的过去。]
4．What does music bring to Horam
A．A lost soul．
B．A comfortable life．
C．A broader circle of life．
D．A new perception of family．
C [细节理解题。根据尾段中的“At a time when...is expanding”可知，音乐让Horam觉得自己拥有了更广阔的生活圈。]
Ⅱ．阅读七选五(限时7分钟)
(2022·海口市高考调研考试)
How to Stop Life Getting You Down
There's a saying—“If you and everyone else threw your problems onto the pile，you'd take yours back immediately once you saw everyone else's”． 1 Others are probably dealing with their own problems just like you．So when things start to get you down，how can you pick yourself back up
2 If you're struggling or feeling down，always remember that you don't have to be alone．You don't need to be on your own，either． 3 If you don't feel able to talk to friends or family，you'll find support groups that can provide you with ideas or at least listen to you．You'll also find that online forums (论坛) and social media sites can provide opportunities to connect and ask for help．Try out a new hobby．Hobbies don't just fill time; they also help to give you a sense of purpose．Try out a new sport，learn to dance or perhaps join a chess club．Many hobbies also provide opportunities for social interaction． 4
Try to appreciate the little things．Those who have bounced back from a serious illness often state that they've been given a new chance of life and that they wake up each morning feeling grateful for just being able to wake up． 5 Go out for dinner and make efforts to truly appreciate your meal or lie back on your bed，surrounded by total silence，and simply focus on how it feels to breathe and to relax．If you can't focus on the silence，you can instead choose background noise．
A．Reach out．
B．Turn to your friends or family．
C．Bad experiences are part of life for us all．
D．Friends will be happy to help and make you joyful．
E．Enjoy the beauty of a flower or a simple sunny day．
F．Talking and making new friends will raise your spirits．
G．A new attitude to ordinary life can make you feel more positive．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。人生不可能一帆风顺。当生活开始让你感到沮丧时，怎么才能找回自己的积极状态呢？本篇提供一些防止生活让你沮丧的建议。
1．C [考查上下文衔接。根据空后的“Others are probably dealing with their own problems just like you．”可推知，此处是说每个人都会遇到问题，处理难题的方式或许跟你一样。故C项“糟糕的经历是我们所有人生活的一部分”符合语境。]
2．A [考查段落主旨句。根据本段中的“always remember that you don't have to be alone”及“you'll find support groups that can provide you with ideas”可知，本段是说如果有问题不要一个人扛着，要向别人求助，故A项符合语境。]
3．B [考查上下文衔接。根据空前“You don't need to be on your own，either．”以及空后“If you don't feel able to talk to friends or family，you'll find support groups”可知，此处是说遇到问题不要一个人扛着，要向朋友或者家人求助，故B项符合语境。]
4．F [考查上下文衔接。根据空前一句“Many hobbies also provide opportunities for social interaction．”可知，此空可能会说明这样做的好处，故F项“交谈和结交新朋友会振奋你的精神”符合语境。]
5．G [考查上下文衔接。根据本段中的“they've been given a new chance of life and that they wake up each morning feeling grateful for just being able to wake up”以及空后的内容可知，空后的内容是对此空的进一步举例说明，故答案为G。]
Ⅲ．语法填空(限时6分钟)
(2022·青岛市高中教学质量检测)
Xi'an，or Chang'an as it was called for many centuries，has been a built-up urban area for over 3，000 years，and once 1． (serve) as the capital of 13 dynasties．It is home 2． many immovable cultural heritages，three of 3． are on the UNESCO's The World Heritage List．
These days，the city has made 4． (effect) exploration in building modernity while preserving historical legacy(遗产)．A recent piece of news 5． (announce) by Shaanxi's cultural relic authority caused nationwide attention，that a ruin of an ancient capital dating back to the Qin Dynasty was unearthed during the construction of the Xi'an Metro Line 5．In order to protect the ruin，the metro line may have to change 6． (it) route．
7． (face) the heavy and important task of protecting cultural relics while promoting urban construction，Xi'an made active 8． (attempt)．Rails of the metro system are built 15 to 20 meters underground in order to protect the ancient tombs which are 9． (usual) buried in the layer within 5 meters from the surface level．Besides，the metro constructors have also painted the walls inside the stations with historical stories，presenting 10． visual feast for citizens．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了西安作为十三朝古都，拥有很多文化遗产。为保护这些遗产，西安的地铁线路甚至改道，并且建于深15～20米的地下，有效地保护了西安的古墓。
1．served [考查动词的时态。serve as是固定短语，意为“为……工作，供职”。此处是指十三朝古都，故应用一般过去时。故填served。]
2．to [考查固定搭配。be home to是固定搭配，意为“是……的家园”。故填to。]
3．which [考查定语从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知，该空引导非限制性定语从句，指代先行词heritages，在句中作介词of的宾语，故填which。]
4．effective [考查形容词。exploration是名词，故其前应用形容词修饰。故填effective。]
5．announced [考查非谓语动词。此句谓语动词是caused，故此空应用非谓语动词。因与news之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故应用过去分词形式。故填announced。]
6．its [考查形容词性物主代词。route是名词，故其前应用形容词性物主代词修饰。故填its。]
7．Facing [考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，该句谓语动词是made，故此空应用非谓语动词；因与句子的主语Xi'an之间是逻辑上的主动关系，故应用动词-ing形式作状语。故填Facing。]
8．attempts [考查名词复数。attempt作“尝试，努力”讲时是可数名词，其前无冠词，故应用复数形式attempts。]
9．usually [考查副词。修饰动词，应用副词作状语。故填usually。]
10．a [考查冠词。feast是可数名词，此处以单数形式出现，故其前应用冠词。故填a。]
Ⅳ．读后续写(限时25分钟)
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
(2022·厦门市第二次质检)
Shrieking Toad and Dancing Ant
Kids got nicknames at a summer camp，and mine was Shrieking Toad (尖叫的癞蛤蟆)．I guessed it was my fault that I couldn't get a cool one．
A bunch of us campers were on our first nature walk．When we broke for lunch，we sat down on logs．I was on my nuts when a tree frog dropped onto my shirt from the branches above．I shrieked．It was totally unconscious and I didn't even know I could make a sound like that．Most kids forgot about it except Stan．Whenever I walked by，he'd shout，“Shrieking Toad，show us how you can hop！”I corrected him and said that it had been an eastern gray tree frog，not a toad，but that just made things worse．
Three days later，Counselor Matt announced we would be paired for a treasure hunt．Excited whispers spread through the camp．But when he read “Jay and Stan” as a team，it got on my nerves．Stan shouted，“Great! Shrieking Toad！” Then he called to the group，and I went red at what came out of his mouth．“Guys，if mosquitoes are bugging you，ask Shrieking Toad to eat them．Toads love bugs！” Kids roared with laughter．
After all the teams wandered off，Stan and I were alone．Then I had a great idea，surprising myself that I hadn't thought of it earlier．I suggested we split up so as to have a better chance of finding treasures．“Yeah，I'd better do what I'm toad (told)．” Stan laughed and set off．
Ten minutes later，I heard something that reminded me of myself a few days ago．I ran toward the sound．I would never have believed it if I hadn't seen it with my own eyes．Stan was jumping around near a mud pool like a monkey，shrieking and yelling something that sounded like “Dance! Dance！” Seeing him scratching at his body and hitting his clothes made me realize what he was really saying，“Ants! Ants！”
注意：1．续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
I rushed towards Stan and tried to help him．__________________________________________________________________________
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That night，we all routinely sat around the campfire and I saw Stan's worry as clear as daylight．
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【写作思路】
文章大意：作者参加夏令营时，被掉在身上的树蛙吓得惊叫，一起露营的Stan给作者取外号“尖叫的癞蛤蟆”，而且作者每次经过他身边时，他总是拿此取笑作者。三天后他被蚂蚁吓得手忙脚乱，大声呼叫，正好被作者遇到了。
谋篇布局：由续写第一段提示句可知，第一段可描写Stan被蚂蚁吓到后的场面以及作者是如何帮助Stan的。
由续写第二段提示句可知，第二段可描写作者没有嘲笑Stan，并且解释作者这样做的原因。
【参考范文】
I rushed towards Stan and tried to help him．He was hitting his clothes violently．I did what must be done．I pulled him into a mud pool．He was shocked at first，and then he must have realized why I did it．The ants went away．Since Stan and I were both covered in mud，we decided to head back．“I guess you're going to have a pretty good story for everyone，” Stan said awkwardly．“Yeah，I guess so．You'll probably be known as Dancing Ant from now on．”
That night，we all routinely sat around the campfire and I saw Stan's worry as clear as daylight．Then I said to him，“I know how it feels to be teased，and it isn't fun．” I could see Stan's worry turn into surprise．The next day when I was picked for a basketball team，someone called．“Unfair! Shrieking Toad is a natural jumper ！” Stan shouted，“Knock it off，guys．His name is Jay．” I wouldn't have minded being given a cool nickname．But being known as plain “Jay”，and Stan's friend，turned out to be cool too．
