(共67张PPT)
教材知识讲练
选择性必修二册
Unit 6 Survival
续写语料积累 背诵·句之美
1．(行为描写)(2022·武汉二中仿真模拟)We fought, debated and cried, making much noise．
2．(心理描写)(2022·广东省四校联考)At first, everyone stared at me like I was from another planet．
3．(景物描写)(2022·沈阳市联考)A pot of flowers sat in the back seat, whose heavenly scene filled the car．
续写语料积累 欣赏·语之秀
(2022·常德市模拟)Suddenly, a motorcycle roared past me, almost knocking me down．He turned to look at me, and for a split second, I saw his face—cruel, glaring eyes．A flood of fear crept over me．However, courage from nowhere got me to shout，“Hey! Are you mad！”
语基自查自测·巩固验收
01
核
心
单
词
检
测 1．(2022·全国乙卷)Very small drones with ________(advance) sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co pilot．
2．(2021·新高考卷Ⅱ)In the 1990s, a group of _______(thief) often sold stolen goods with the help of some beggars．
advanced
thieves
核
心
单
词
检
测 3．(2021·新高考卷Ⅱ)Pack a bag, cut a cake, guess which juice _________(contain) holds the most liquid, and much more．
4．It ____________(estimate) that the project will create more job opportunities．
5．______(wipe) tears from his eyes, he started walking down to the street where the shops were．
container
is estimated
Wiping
派生单词检测 1．Experts advise _________ not to buy more groceries until they've already been ________．This is called rational ___________．(consume)
2．The accident happened that day and it _________ all the passengers aboard the train．It is really ____________，and many people are still _________ at the thought of it．(terrify)
consumers
consumed
consumption
terrified
terrifying
terrified
派生单词检测 3．Among all the people that should be _____________，our parents are the ones who deserve our ____________ most．(appreciate)
4．I wanted to know how the students _______ to my words as well as your ________．(react)
5．It's not right to be _______ to strong sunlight, for long time ________ to strong sunlight does harm to our skin．(expose)
appreciated
appreciation
reacted
reaction
exposed
exposure
高频短语检测 out of reach，under construction，fit in with，amount to，cope with，get rid of，wipe out
1．(2021·全国甲卷)It's the best way to __________ your used clothes, score clothes from your friends, and have a party all at the same time．
2．Production of the goods must ___________ the needs of society．
get rid of
fit in with
高频短语检测 3．In western countries, restaurant tips may _________ as much as 10% of your bill．
4．As the box was ____________ on the shelf, the little boy brought a chair to stand on．
5．The new teaching building is __________________ and it will be finished in December．
amount to
out of reach
under construction
重点句式检测 1．不管困难多大，他们都不会半途而废。(no matter引导的状语从句)
They wouldn't stop halfway ___________________________________________．
2．我走进房间时发现他正在认真地做作业。(find＋宾语＋宾补)
When I came into the room, ________________________________________．
no matter how great the difficulty
might be
I found him doing his homework
carefully
重点句式检测 3．实现梦想需要付出艰苦的努力。请记住：没有人能够不努力就有所成就。(it作形式主语)
________________________________________．Please remember: No one can achieve anything without effort．
It takes hard work to make dreams into reality
考点探究归纳·多维讲练
02
词法探究
句法探究
1 commit [课本义]v．犯(错误或罪行) [增补义]n．全心全意投入(工作、活动等)；承诺，保证
练中回想——语法填空
①(2020·江苏卷)And tens of millions in Africa and Asia can see because of the __________(commit) Wilson made to preventing the preventable．
②The achievement of your goal is assured the moment you commit yourself __ it．
③The Chinese people are peace loving and China is committed to _________(promote) world peace．
commitment
to
promoting
完美写作——续写佳句之行为描写
④_________________________________________(犯错误并不可怕)．The most terrible thing is the fear for it．
It is not terrible to commit a mistake/mistakes
练后归纳——搭配拓展
?commit oneself/sb．to (doing) sth．某人承诺(做)某事
?commit sth．to (doing) sth．将(时间/金钱)投入(做)某事
?committed adj．坚定的；尽心尽力的
?be committed to...坚持/专注于……
?commitment n．承诺；投入
?make a commitment(to...) (对……)做出承诺
语料输入——必备素材
commit an hour to reading the newspapers every morning每天早上抽出一小时看报
2 appreciate [课本义]v．欣赏；赏识 [增补义]v．感激；意识到，领会
练中回想——语法填空
①(2021·新高考卷Ⅱ)But if you have to read a great deal for study, you _______________(appreciate) the benefits of being able to read more quickly．
②(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)Understanding her good intentions, I eat all the food that is provided by Mom with ____________(appreciate)．
③As I will be away for a long time, I'd appreciate _______(hear) from you now and then．
will appreciate
appreciation
hearing
④______________________________(如果你能……我将不胜感激) take my suggestions into consideration．
⑤___________________________________________(感激的泪水涌入了他的眼睛) as Bernard accepted the basket filled with popcorn．
I'd appreciate it if you could
Tears of appreciation welled up in his eyes
练后归纳——搭配拓展
?appreciate (one's) doing sth．欣赏/感激(某人)做某事
?I would appreciate it if ...如果……，我将不胜感激。
?appreciation n．欣赏；感激
?convey/express one's appreciation表达某人的感激之情
语料输入——必备素材
convey my sincere appreciation to you for your assistance 衷心表达对你的帮助的感激之情
[名师点津] 当appreciate，hate，dislike，love，like，depend on等后接宾语从句时，一般先加it，再接宾语从句。
3 react [课本义]v．(作出)反应 [增补义]v．起(化学)反应；发生作用
练中回想——语法填空
①(2020·天津5月卷)My immediate ________(react) was to assume I was listening to someone else's recording．
②Only when we react __ emergencies in life calmly, can we solve problems in a better way．
③Children tend to react _______ their parents by going against their wishes．
reaction
to
against
完美写作——续写佳句之心理描写
④Tom was really a bit worried because he had no idea ________________________________________________________(父母对他糟糕的考试成绩会是什么反应)．
what his parents'
reaction would be to his poor examination result
练后归纳——搭配拓展
?react to...对……作出反应
?react with...与……起(化学)反应
?react against 反对；反抗；反叛
?react on/upon...对……有影响
?reaction n．反应，回应
?in reaction to...对……的反应
语料输入——必备素材
?react angrily to the news of further job losses 对进一步裁员的消息感到气愤
?react on living expenses 对生活开支造成影响
?a natural reaction to such bad news 对这种坏消息的本能反应
4 expose [课本义]v．使暴露(于险境) [增补义]v．揭露；曝光；使面临；使体验
练中回想——语法填空
①(2021·浙江卷)Many people in China have limited ________(expose) to English．
exposure
②(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off“switch”where the glow would fade when _______(expose) to daylight．
③Some people think we shouldn't expose the children to _______(play) computer games．
exposed
playing
完美写作——续写佳句之人物描写
④He smiled suddenly, _______________________________ (露出雪白的牙齿)．
exposing amazingly snow white teeth
练后归纳——搭配拓展
?expose...to...使……暴露于……；使……接触……
?expose sth．to sb．向某人揭露某事
?exposed adj．无遮蔽的；无保护的
?be exposed to...暴露于……；(使)接触到……
?exposure n．揭露
语料输入——必备素材
?expose the kids to as much art and culture as possible让孩子们尽可能多地接受艺术和文化的熏陶
?the exposure of illegal deals 非法交易的揭露
5 consist of 由……构成，由……组成
练中回想——语法填空
①Life mainly consists __ happiness and sorrow while happiness and sorrow consist __ struggle．
②As far as I know, he is a man whose actions don't consist ____ his promises．
③Listening is thus an active, not a passive, behavior __________(consist) of hearing, understanding and remembering．
of
in
with
consisting
完美写作——一句多译
这个音乐节由两部分组成，将使我们更加了解中国民间音乐。
④The music festival, ___________________________，will enable us to know more about Chinese folk music．(定语从句)
⑤The music festival, _______________________，will enable us to know more about Chinese folk music．(分词作定语)
which consists of two parts
consisting of two parts
练后归纳——搭配拓展
?consist in在于，存在于
?consist with...与……一致/相吻合
?consistent adj．相符的，与……一致的
?be consistent with...和……一致/相符
语料输入——必备素材
?consist of not only sunshine but also hard times 不仅充满阳光而且有艰难的时光
?an exhibition consisting of dozens of masterpieces 包括几十幅杰作的展览
?consist in your contribution towards others' happiness 存在于你对他人的幸福做出的贡献上
[名师点津] consist of为及物动词短语，但是没有被动语态，也不用于进行时态。其同义短语有：be composed of和be made up of。
6 [教材原句]No matter how many crimes he committed, the police were powerless to arrest him．
不论他犯罪多少次，警方都无法抓捕到他。
练中回想——语法填空
①(2022·新高考卷Ⅰ)He always participated to the best of his ability in ________ they were doing．
②_________ road you take, it will lead you to the station．
③The gold medal will be awarded to _______ wins first place in the bicycle race．
④________ you choose to live，there are always going to be disadvantages．
whatever
Whichever
whoever
Wherever
完美写作——一句多译
不减少进食量，无论你怎么努力，要减肥是困难的。
⑤______________________，it is difficult to lose weight without cutting down the amount you eat．
⑥____________________________，it is difficult to lose weight without cutting down the amount you eat．
However hard you try
No matter how hard you try
练后归纳——句法分析
?no matter作“无论，不管”解时，后面接who，what，where，when，how，whether等，引导让步状语从句。
?whatever, whoever, whichever, whomever既可引导让步状语从句，也可引导名词性从句，在引导让步状语从句时相当于no matter what/who/which/whom。
?whenever，wherever, however引导让步状语从句时，相当于no matter when/where/how。
语料输入——高考写作佳句背诵
Whatever/No matter what the result is, we should accept it with a smile, because we have tried our best．
无论结果是什么，我们都应该微笑着接受，因为我们已经尽了全力。
三层固基达标训练
03
层级一
层级二
层级三
Ⅰ．用所给词的正确形式填空
1．(2020·北京卷)They are less _______(expose) to stress caused by external factors．
2．(2020·天津5月卷)I especially liked the _________(reaction) of the parents and the patients when they saw his artwork．
exposed
reactions
3．I wish there were a better word than “thanks” to express my ____________(appreciate) for your generous help．
4．The factory __________(consist) of 5 small factories is facing a serious financial crisis．
5．It is believed that most crimes _____________ (commit) by people in that area．
6．Speaking fluent English like English native speakers requires extensive ________(expose) to the English environment．
appreciation
consisting
are committed
exposure
Ⅱ．在空白处填入一个适当的词
1．I'd appreciate __ if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come．
2．I'll repeat that so you can commit it __ memory．
3．In the beginning, the charity organization consisted __ only 10 volunteers．
4．No matter ___ ordinary a job is, it plays a part in society and therefore deserves our due respect．
it
to
of
how
Ⅰ．用所给词的正确形式填空
1．If they had respect for life, they wouldn't do such __________(terrify) things．
2．The law has led to a reduction in fuel ___________(consume) in Europe．
terrifying
consumption
3．Lighthearted and __________(optimist), she is the sort of woman to spread sunshine to people through her smile．
4．It ____________(estimate) that total investment in the country will continue to increase this year．
optimistic
is estimated
Ⅱ．在空白处填入一个适当的词
1．You must work hard．__ the meantime, you must take care of yourself．
2．Advanced technology is being used to cope ____ the increased volume of traffic．
3．For half a year, she has tried to wipe ___ the memory of that terrible moment．
4．The project __ construction in the city will be completed at the end of this month．
In
with
out
on
Ⅰ．熟词生义(选出黑体词在句中的汉语意思)
1．(2021·新高考卷Ⅰ)This was the sort of work that made you appreciate the dollars you earned and respect those who did the work, he told me．_
A．欣赏，赏识 B．领会，充分理解 C．感激
B
2．(2021·天津3月卷)Let your expertise in one field fuel your passions in all related areas．_
A．燃料 B．为……提供燃料 C．增加；刺激
3．(2020·浙江卷)One morning I spotted a lost lamb when I was in the top field，near where a motorway cuts through my land．_
A．羔羊肉 B．羔羊 C．宝贝
C
B
Ⅱ．长难语句(分析句子的结构并翻译成汉语)
1．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)Because the moon's body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot where it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth．
化繁为简本句是复合句，句子的主干是China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot，Because引导____________，where引导________，修饰先行词a spot。
[尝试翻译]因为月球球体阻碍了与探测器的直接无线电通信，中国首先必须发射一颗卫星到月球上方轨道的某个点上，在那里卫星能够向航天器和地球发送信号。
原因状语从句
定语从句
2．(2019·浙江卷)While restaurants throw away tons of food each year, much of it remains inaccessible because of locked garbage containers, health regulations, or business policies．
化繁为简本句是复合句，While restaurants throw away tons of food each year为____________，because of locked garbage containers, health regulations, or business policies为介词短语作________。
[尝试翻译]虽然餐馆每年扔掉成吨的食物，但由于垃圾容器上锁、卫生规定或商业政策，其中许多仍然无法获得。
让步状语从句
原因状语
三维提能培优训练
04
维度一
维度二
维度三
短文中黑体部分为本单元核心知识点，请在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并背诵该短文。
In the 1980s, crime rates continued to rise．1．_______ (thief)were rampant(猖獗的)，the thefts indoors happened from time to time, and some serious cases were 2．__________(terrify)．The 3．___________ (combine) of urban and rural areas was a high incidence area of crime．People were greedy for a stable life and hoped that the government would take measures 4．_______ (cope) with this situation．The government responded to the needs of the masses in time,
Thieves
terrifying
combination
to cope
dispatched(派出)a large number of police forces, and used 5．_________(advance) equipment to combat with criminals．6．__ the meantime, many criminal gangs 7．__________ (wipe) out and a large number of cases were exposed in the sunlight, effectively frightening those 8．___ had criminal intentions．The crime rate was brought under control and the tumor harmful to society was eliminated．9．__ was estimated that at least 100，000 criminals were
advanced
In
were wiped
who
It
punished，which effectively purified the social environment．People reacted 10．________ (strong)to it．Now people are living a happy and safe life．
strongly
用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识完成满分作文
从20世纪60年代开始，人们一直在向火星发射无人探测器，请你用英语写一篇短文对此做一下介绍，内容包括：
1．连同中国在内的一些国家都在探索火星；
2．人类到火星居住还有很长的路要走。
注意：词数80左右。
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
Since the 1960s, we human beings have been sending unmanned spacecraft to Mars, which have sent back valuable data and stunning images．
Encouraged by discoveries over the years, some countries，China included，are planning manned missions to Mars within the following years．The chances are that staying alive on Mars will be a serious challenge but not impossible．Biosphere 2 built in the 1980s consisted of a closed space, in which some experiments were done, and it let us better understand how humans might be able to live on Mars．
No matter how advanced technology is，it will still take decades for human beings to settle there．
动作描写之“看”(一)
Step 1．储备词汇(记牢本单元可用于描写的词汇)
积累
背诵 ①come into view 进入视野 ②eyes widen 瞪大眼睛 ③peep at 偷看 ④glance back over one's shoulder 回头瞥一眼
Step 2．尝试练笔(翻译下面的续写语句)
用表示“看”的表达和其他描写手法补全下列句子
①当我走近那幢房子时，远处有一棵枝繁叶茂的大树映入眼帘。
When I approached the house, ________________________________________________．(简单句)
②我回头瞥了一眼以确定没有人在跟着我。
_______________________________ to make sure that no one was following me．(简单句)
a big leafy tree came into view at some
distance
I glanced back over my shoulder
③看到没有人注意到我，我放下圣诞礼物并按了门铃。
________________________________，I placed the Christmas present down and pounded the doorbell．(分词作状语)
④我迅速地躲在大树后，偷偷从树后望着门。
I hid quickly behind the big tree and ______________________．(简单句)
Seeing no other people notice me
peeped out at the door
⑤当詹姆斯出来看到盒子时，他惊讶地瞪大了眼睛。
When James came out and spotted the box，____________________________．(独立主格结构)
⑥他的目光落在那件温暖的外套上。
____________________________________(简单句)
⑦他跳起来，眼睛闪闪发亮地跑去喊他的妈妈。
He jumped up，___________________________________________．
(独立主格结构)
his eyes widened in surprise
His eyes fell on the warm overcoat．
his eyes twinkling as he ran to call his mother续写语料积累 背诵·句之美 欣赏·语之秀
1．(行为描写)(2022·武汉二中仿真模拟)We fought, debated and cried, making much noise． 2．(心理描写)(2022·广东省四校联考)At first, everyone stared at me like I was from another planet． 3．(景物描写)(2022·沈阳市联考)A pot of flowers sat in the back seat, whose heavenly scene filled the car． (2022·常德市模拟)Suddenly, a motorcycle roared past me, almost knocking me down．He turned to look at me, and for a split second, I saw his face—cruel, glaring eyes．A flood of fear crept over me．However, courage from nowhere got me to shout，“Hey! Are you mad！”
核心单词检测 1．(2022·全国乙卷)Very small drones with advanced(advance) sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co pilot． 2．(2021·新高考卷Ⅱ)In the 1990s, a group of thieves(thief) often sold stolen goods with the help of some beggars． 3．(2021·新高考卷Ⅱ)Pack a bag, cut a cake, guess which juice container(contain) holds the most liquid, and much more． 4．It is_estimated(estimate) that the project will create more job opportunities． 5．Wiping(wipe) tears from his eyes, he started walking down to the street where the shops were．
派生单词检测 1．Experts advise consumers not to buy more groceries until they've already been consumed．This is called rational consumption．(consume) 2．The accident happened that day and it terrified all the passengers aboard the train．It is really terrifying,_and many people are still terrified at the thought of it．(terrify) 3．Among all the people that should be appreciated,_our parents are the ones who deserve our appreciation most．(appreciate) 4．I wanted to know how the students reacted to my words as well as your reaction．(react) 5．It's not right to be exposed to strong sunlight, for long time exposure to strong sunlight does harm to our skin．(expose)
高频短语检测 out of reach，under construction，fit in with，amount to，cope with，get rid of，wipe out
1．(2021·全国甲卷)It's the best way to get_rid_of your used clothes, score clothes from your friends, and have a party all at the same time． 2．Production of the goods must fit_in_with the needs of society． 3．In western countries, restaurant tips may amount_to as much as 10% of your bill． 4．As the box was out_of_reach on the shelf, the little boy brought a chair to stand on． 5．The new teaching building is under_construction and it will be finished in December．
重点句式检测 1．不管困难多大，他们都不会半途而废。(no matter引导的状语从句) They wouldn't stop halfway no_matter_how_great_the_difficulty_might_be． 2．我走进房间时发现他正在认真地做作业。(find＋宾语＋宾补) When I came into the room, I_found_him_doing_his_homework_carefully． 3．实现梦想需要付出艰苦的努力。请记住：没有人能够不努力就有所成就。(it作形式主语) It_takes_hard_work_to_make_dreams_into_reality．Please remember: No one can achieve anything without effort．
1 commit [课本义]v．犯(错误或罪行) [增补义]n．全心全意投入(工作、活动等)；承诺，保证
①(2020·江苏卷)And tens of millions in Africa and Asia can see because of the commitment(commit) Wilson made to preventing the preventable．
②The achievement of your goal is assured the moment you commit yourself to it．
③The Chinese people are peace loving and China is committed to promoting(promote) world peace．
④It_is_not_terrible_to_commit_a_mistake/mistakes(犯错误并不可怕)．The most terrible thing is the fear for it．
?commit oneself/sb．to (doing) sth．某人承诺(做)某事
?commit sth．to (doing) sth．将(时间/金钱)投入(做)某事
?committed adj．坚定的；尽心尽力的
?be committed to...坚持/专注于……
?commitment n．承诺；投入
?make a commitment(to...) (对……)做出承诺
commit an hour to reading the newspapers every morning每天早上抽出一小时看报
2 appreciate [课本义]v．欣赏；赏识 [增补义]v．感激；意识到，领会
①(2021·新高考卷Ⅱ)But if you have to read a great deal for study, you will_appreciate(appreciate) the benefits of being able to read more quickly．
②(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)Understanding her good intentions, I eat all the food that is provided by Mom with appreciation(appreciate)．
③As I will be away for a long time, I'd appreciate hearing(hear) from you now and then．
④I'd_appreciate_it_if_you_could(如果你能……我将不胜感激) take my suggestions into consideration．
⑤Tears_of_appreciation_welled_up_in_his_eyes(感激的泪水涌入了他的眼睛) as Bernard accepted the basket filled with popcorn．
?appreciate (one's) doing sth．欣赏/感激(某人)做某事
?I would appreciate it if ...如果……，我将不胜感激。
?appreciation n．欣赏；感激
?convey/express one's appreciation表达某人的感激之情
convey my sincere appreciation to you for your assistance 衷心表达对你的帮助的感激之情
[名师点津] 当appreciate，hate，dislike，love，like，depend on等后接宾语从句时，一般先加it，再接宾语从句。
3 react [课本义]v．(作出)反应 [增补义]v．起(化学)反应；发生作用
①(2020·天津5月卷)My immediate reaction(react) was to assume I was listening to someone else's recording．
②Only when we react to emergencies in life calmly, can we solve problems in a better way．
③Children tend to react against their parents by going against their wishes．
④Tom was really a bit worried because he had no idea what_his_parents'_reaction_would_be_to_his_poor_examination_result(父母对他糟糕的考试成绩会是什么反应)．
?react to...对……作出反应
?react with...与……起(化学)反应
?react against 反对；反抗；反叛
?react on/upon...对……有影响
?reaction n．反应，回应
?in reaction to...对……的反应
?react angrily to the news of further job losses 对进一步裁员的消息感到气愤
?react on living expenses 对生活开支造成影响
?a natural reaction to such bad news 对这种坏消息的本能反应
4 expose [课本义]v．使暴露(于险境) [增补义]v．揭露；曝光；使面临；使体验
①(2021·浙江卷)Many people in China have limited exposure(expose) to English．
②(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off“switch”where the glow would fade when exposed(expose) to daylight．
③Some people think we shouldn't expose the children to playing(play) computer games．
④He smiled suddenly, exposing_amazingly_snow white_teeth(露出雪白的牙齿)．
?expose...to...使……暴露于……；使……接触……
?expose sth．to sb．向某人揭露某事
?exposed adj．无遮蔽的；无保护的
?be exposed to...暴露于……；(使)接触到……
?exposure n．揭露
?expose the kids to as much art and culture as possible让孩子们尽可能多地接受艺术和文化的熏陶
?the exposure of illegal deals 非法交易的揭露
5 consist of 由……构成，由……组成
①Life mainly consists of happiness and sorrow while happiness and sorrow consist in struggle．
②As far as I know, he is a man whose actions don't consist with his promises．
③Listening is thus an active, not a passive, behavior consisting(consist) of hearing, understanding and remembering．
这个音乐节由两部分组成，将使我们更加了解中国民间音乐。
④The music festival, which_consists_of_two_parts，will enable us to know more about Chinese folk music．(定语从句)
⑤The music festival, consisting_of_two_parts，will enable us to know more about Chinese folk music．(分词作定语)
?consist in在于，存在于
?consist with...与……一致/相吻合
?consistent adj．相符的，与……一致的
?be consistent with...和……一致/相符
?consist of not only sunshine but also hard times 不仅充满阳光而且有艰难的时光
?an exhibition consisting of dozens of masterpieces 包括几十幅杰作的展览
?consist in your contribution towards others' happiness 存在于你对他人的幸福做出的贡献上
[名师点津] consist of为及物动词短语，但是没有被动语态，也不用于进行时态。其同义短语有：be composed of和be made up of。
6 [教材原句]No matter how many crimes he committed, the police were powerless to arrest him． 不论他犯罪多少次，警方都无法抓捕到他。
①(2022·新高考卷Ⅰ)He always participated to the best of his ability in whatever they were doing．
②Whichever road you take, it will lead you to the station．
③The gold medal will be awarded to whoever wins first place in the bicycle race．
④Wherever you choose to live，there are always going to be disadvantages．
不减少进食量，无论你怎么努力，要减肥是困难的。
⑤However_hard_you_try,_it is difficult to lose weight without cutting down the amount you eat．
⑥No_matter_how_hard_you_try,_it is difficult to lose weight without cutting down the amount you eat．
?no matter作“无论，不管”解时，后面接who，what，where，when，how，whether等，引导让步状语从句。
?whatever, whoever, whichever, whomever既可引导让步状语从句，也可引导名词性从句，在引导让步状语从句时相当于no matter what/who/which/whom。
?whenever，wherever, however引导让步状语从句时，相当于no matter when/where/how。
Whatever/No matter what the result is, we should accept it with a smile, because we have tried our best．
无论结果是什么，我们都应该微笑着接受，因为我们已经尽了全力。
Ⅰ．用所给词的正确形式填空
1．(2020·北京卷)They are less exposed(expose) to stress caused by external factors．
2．(2020·天津5月卷)I especially liked the reactions(reaction) of the parents and the patients when they saw his artwork．
3．I wish there were a better word than “thanks” to express my appreciation(appreciate) for your generous help．
4．The factory consisting(consist) of 5 small factories is facing a serious financial crisis．
5．It is believed that most crimes are_committed (commit) by people in that area．
6．Speaking fluent English like English native speakers requires extensive exposure(expose) to the English environment．
Ⅱ．在空白处填入一个适当的词
1．I'd appreciate it if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come．
2．I'll repeat that so you can commit it to memory．
3．In the beginning, the charity organization consisted of only 10 volunteers．
4．No matter how ordinary a job is, it plays a part in society and therefore deserves our due respect．
Ⅰ．用所给词的正确形式填空
1．If they had respect for life, they wouldn't do such terrifying(terrify) things．
2．The law has led to a reduction in fuel consumption(consume) in Europe．
3．Lighthearted and optimistic(optimist), she is the sort of woman to spread sunshine to people through her smile．
4．It is_estimated(estimate) that total investment in the country will continue to increase this year．
Ⅱ．在空白处填入一个适当的词
1．You must work hard．In the meantime, you must take care of yourself．
2．Advanced technology is being used to cope with the increased volume of traffic．
3．For half a year, she has tried to wipe out the memory of that terrible moment．
4．The project on construction in the city will be completed at the end of this month．
Ⅰ．熟词生义(选出黑体词在句中的汉语意思)
1．(2021·新高考卷Ⅰ)This was the sort of work that made you appreciate the dollars you earned and respect those who did the work, he told me．B
A．欣赏，赏识 B．领会，充分理解 C．感激
2．(2021·天津3月卷)Let your expertise in one field fuel your passions in all related areas．C
A．燃料 B．为……提供燃料 C．增加；刺激
3．(2020·浙江卷)One morning I spotted a lost lamb when I was in the top field，near where a motorway cuts through my land．B
A．羔羊肉 B．羔羊 C．宝贝
Ⅱ．长难语句(分析句子的结构并翻译成汉语)
1．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)Because the moon's body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot where it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth．
本句是复合句，句子的主干是China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot，Because引导原因状语从句，where引导定语从句，修饰先行词a spot。
[尝试翻译]因为月球球体阻碍了与探测器的直接无线电通信，中国首先必须发射一颗卫星到月球上方轨道的某个点上，在那里卫星能够向航天器和地球发送信号。
2．(2019·浙江卷)While restaurants throw away tons of food each year, much of it remains inaccessible because of locked garbage containers, health regulations, or business policies．
本句是复合句，While restaurants throw away tons of food each year为让步状语从句，because of locked garbage containers, health regulations, or business policies为介词短语作原因状语。
[尝试翻译]虽然餐馆每年扔掉成吨的食物，但由于垃圾容器上锁、卫生规定或商业政策，其中许多仍然无法获得。
短文中黑体部分为本单元核心知识点，请在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并背诵该短文。
In the 1980s, crime rates continued to rise．1．Thieves (thief)were rampant(猖獗的)，the thefts indoors happened from time to time, and some serious cases were 2．terrifying(terrify)．The 3．combination (combine) of urban and rural areas was a high incidence area of crime．People were greedy for a stable life and hoped that the government would take measures 4．to_cope (cope) with this situation．The government responded to the needs of the masses in time, dispatched(派出)a large number of police forces, and used 5．advanced_(advance) equipment to combat with criminals．6．In the meantime, many criminal gangs 7．were_wiped (wipe) out and a large number of cases were exposed in the sunlight, effectively frightening those 8．who had criminal intentions．The crime rate was brought under control and the tumor harmful to society was eliminated．9．It was estimated that at least 100，000 criminals were punished，which effectively purified the social environment．People reacted 10．strongly (strong)to it．Now people are living a happy and safe life．
用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识完成满分作文
从20世纪60年代开始，人们一直在向火星发射无人探测器，请你用英语写一篇短文对此做一下介绍，内容包括：
1．连同中国在内的一些国家都在探索火星；
2．人类到火星居住还有很长的路要走。
注意：词数80左右。
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【参考范文】
Since the 1960s, we human beings have been sending unmanned spacecraft to Mars, which have sent back valuable data and stunning images．
Encouraged by discoveries over the years, some countries，China included，are planning manned missions to Mars within the following years．The chances are that staying alive on Mars will be a serious challenge but not impossible．Biosphere 2 built in the 1980s consisted of a closed space, in which some experiments were done, and it let us better understand how humans might be able to live on Mars．
No matter how advanced technology is，it will still take decades for human beings to settle there．
动作描写之“看”(一)
Step 1．储备词汇(记牢本单元可用于描写的词汇)
积累 背诵 ①come into view 进入视野 ②eyes widen 瞪大眼睛 ③peep at 偷看 ④glance back over one's shoulder 回头瞥一眼
Step 2．尝试练笔(翻译下面的续写语句)
用表示“看”的表达和其他描写手法补全下列句子
①当我走近那幢房子时，远处有一棵枝繁叶茂的大树映入眼帘。
When I approached the house, a_big_leafy_tree_came_into_view_at_some_distance．(简单句)
②我回头瞥了一眼以确定没有人在跟着我。
I_glanced_back_over_my_shoulder to make sure that no one was following me．(简单句)
③看到没有人注意到我，我放下圣诞礼物并按了门铃。
Seeing_no_other_people_notice_me，I placed the Christmas present down and pounded the doorbell．(分词作状语)
④我迅速地躲在大树后，偷偷从树后望着门。
I hid quickly behind the big tree and peeped_out_at_the_door．(简单句)
⑤当詹姆斯出来看到盒子时，他惊讶地瞪大了眼睛。
When James came out and spotted the box，his_eyes_widened_in_surprise．(独立主格结构)
⑥他的目光落在那件温暖的外套上。
His_eyes_fell_on_the_warm_overcoat．(简单句)
⑦他跳起来，眼睛闪闪发亮地跑去喊他的妈妈。
He jumped up，his_eyes_twinkling_as_he_ran_to_call_his_mother．(独立主格结构)
课时分层作业(三十)
Ⅰ．阅读理解(限时7分钟)
(2022·沈阳市重点高中联合体联考)
When British musician Paul Barton performs in central Thailand lately，his energetic listeners react wildly．Some pull his hair or jump on his piano．Others steal his music papers．The behavior is normal，because these crowds are truly wild—wild monkeys to be exact．
Barton often plays the piano to the animals in Lopburi，an area known for its populations of wild monkeys．He has played at four sites，including at a store and an old movie theater．The pianist hopes the music shows bring calm to the animals during the pandemic．The pandemic has caused problems for the monkeys，too．They are hungry．The restrictions(限制规定) on tourism mean fewer people come to see the monkeys and feed them．
The monkeys quickly surround Barton when he plays GreenSleeves，Beethoven's Fur Elise and Michael Nyman's Diary of Love．Some of the creatures sit on his chair，while others climb up his body and touch his head．But，Barton keeps his attention on his performance，even as a small monkey runs over his hands on the instrument．Other monkeys take control of his music papers．
“It's a wonderful opportunity to see the wild animals just being themselves．I was surprised to find that they were actually eating_the_music as I was playing it．I am not going to allow those things to distract myself from the project which is to play the music for these wonderful creatures．We need to make an effort to make sure that they can eat properly so that they will be calmer and will not be aggressive，” said Barton．
The monkeys are Barton's latest animal fans．Past wildlife audiences included elephants living in special protected areas．Barton hopes to raise awareness of the monkeys' hunger．At the same time，he hopes to study their behavior as they react to classical music．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇新闻报道。为缓解疫情期间猴子无人供食、情绪不良等问题，英国音乐家Paul Barton为一群野生猴子弹奏钢琴。
1．Why did the musician play the piano to the wild monkeys
A．To see the wild animals just being themselves．
B．To study their behavior as they react to music．
C．To raise money for the wild monkeys' hunger．
D．To reduce the bad effect of the pandemic on them．
D [细节理解题。根据第二段第三句“The pianist hopes...the pandemic”可知，钢琴家Paul Barton给猴子演奏音乐旨在帮助减少疫情给它们带来的影响。]
2．What kind of music did the musician play
A．Contemporary music．
B．Classical music．
C．Country music．
D．Popular music．
B [细节理解题。根据第三段的第一句和本文尾段尾句中的“classical music”可知，他演奏的是古典音乐，故B项正确。]
3．What does the underlined phrase “eating the music” in paragraph 4 refer to
A．Stealing his music papers．
B．Eating his music papers．
C．Disturbing his performance．
D．Enjoying his playing．
D [推理判断题。根据第四段第二句中的“as I was playing it”并结合该段尾句中的“make sure that they can eat properly so that they will be calmer and will not be aggressive”可知，Paul Barton在演奏钢琴时，要保证这些猴子能享受他的演奏，这样它们才能更加安静，不会有攻击性。据此可以推知，画线部分表示“享受他的演奏”。]
4．What can we infer from the text
A．The wild monkeys like to play with the musician．
B．People will start to protect the wild monkeys．
C．The pandemic has damaged much to the world．
D．Music can make the wild animals more active．
C [推理判断题。根据第二段尾句“The restrictions on tourism...feed them．”可知，一场疫情导致旅游业受限，观看猴子和给它们喂食的人变少。据此可以推知，这场疫情对世界造成了很大的伤害。]
Ⅱ．阅读七选五(限时7分钟)
(2022·太原市一模)
Success in life comes from the action you take on a consistent basis and only self discipline allows you to do that．Here are several powerful ways to build unbreakable self discipline．
__1__If you choose what is fun and easy over what is necessary，you will never reach the levels of success and happiness you are capable of achieving in your life．__2__If success were easy，everybody would be successful．But because success in any area of your life requires hard work and sacrifice，most people will never reach their full potential．
People often think that their lives will suddenly change through some magical events in the future，but that is not the case．Your life changes only to the extent that you change．If you are not happy with your current circumstances，are you taking action to change them？__3__A great way to actively create your future is to ask yourself：If I already achieved my goals，how would I act on a daily basis What books would I read，how often would I work out，and how would I spend my time at the office __4__Act as if you were already successful．
The great tragedy of life is that most people give up right before achieving success．They have already made it to the five yard line，and all they need is one final push to make the touchdown and bring home the sweet victory．But right before they do that，there is one final obstacle standing in their way—one last failure that they need to overcome．Whenever you encounter failure and difficulty，keep going! No matter how long it takes or how hard it gets，always remember the words of the motivational speaker Les Brown：“__5__”
If you make these，you will succeed in anything you set your mind to，maybe not immediately，but definitely．
A．It's not over until I win．
B．If not，you are just daydreaming．
C．The real secret of success is enthusiasm．
D．Once you answer these questions，you know what to do．
E．That's because every great victory requires great sacrifice．
F．The biggest enemy of success is the path of least resistance．
G．It's not what we take up but what we give up that makes us rich．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。自律是成功的关键。本文介绍了养成自律这一习惯的方法，包括选择艰难的道路、通过自问改变自己和坚持到底直到成功。
1．F [根据语境可知，空处为该段主旨句；根据空处下句“If you choose...of achieving in your life．”可知，如果你选择了有趣又简单但不必要的东西，你将永远不会达到你在生活中能够达到的成功和幸福的水平。又结合下文内容可知，该段主要说明了成功需要艰苦的努力和牺牲，成功最大的敌人是选择阻力最小的路。]
2．E [根据空处下句可知，如果成功是容易的，那么每个人都会成功；再结合空处上句可知，空处应说明成功不易的原因：每一次伟大的胜利都需要巨大的牺牲。]
3．B [根据空处上句“If you are...to change them？”可知，该处提出疑问：如果你对自己的现状不满意，你会采取行动去改变它们吗？空处承接该句，说明如果没有采取行动去改变它们，那么你就是在做白日梦。]
4．D [根据上文可知，积极地创造未来的好方法是自问：如果我已经实现了我的目标，我每天将怎么做？我会读什么书，多久锻炼一次，在办公室里我将怎么度过？据此可知，空处应是说明回答这些问题后的结果：一旦你回答了这些问题，你就知道要做什么了。]
5．A [根据前文“Whenever you encounter...speaker Les Brown”可知，无论何时你遇到失败和困难，继续前进！无论需要多长时间或有多难，永远记住励志演说家Les Brown的话。据此可知，空处应是关于面对困难也要继续前进的话。故A项与此匹配。]
Ⅲ．语法填空(限时6分钟)
(2022·河南六校联考)
Laziness is a mental resistance to do anything and a situation where you are away from the 1．________(value) part of life by being idle (无事可做的)．Most of the people become lazy because they do not have the clear vision in life．They simply waste their time and energy in the process of 2．________(avoid) the work and that in turn makes them remain underachievers throughout the life．That is 3．______you have to overcome your laziness if you want to be outstanding in life．
Most of the people generally get stuck into laziness due to lack 4．________motivation．There is no better way to 5．________(inspire) than the action．If you do not want to take action，then force 6．________(you) to act at the initial stage．If you purposefully try to act instead of killing your time，it will become your 7．________(two) nature，and laziness will be the thing of the past．
Finally，if you have a burning desire 8．________(achieve) your goal，you will find a way to do it．So，push yourself to attack a 9．________(big) goal than the one you have been willing to pursue until now．Always keep in mind: Unless you do it，you will not know whether or not you can．So take action right now to overcome laziness and have 10．________rich and varied life．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了懒惰的危害、造成懒惰的原因以及克服懒惰的方法。
1．valuable [考查词性转换。句意：懒惰是对做任何事情的心理抗拒，是一种你通过无所事事远离生活中有价值的部分的情况。空处修饰名词part，应使用形容词valuable，表示“很有用的，很重要的，宝贵的”。]
2．avoiding [考查非谓语动词。空处作介词of的宾语，应使用动词 ing形式，故填avoiding。]
3．why [考查名词性从句。上文介绍了懒惰的危害，该句对上文进行总结，表示“那就是你如果想在生活中表现出色就必须克服懒惰的原因”。空处引导表语从句，此处表示“那就是……的原因”，应填why。]
4．of [考查介词。lack of sth．意为“缺乏某物”，为固定搭配，故填of。]
5．be inspired [考查非谓语动词。way后常跟不定式作定语，意为“……的方式”，结合句意“没有比行动更令人受鼓舞的方式了”可知，空处应使用不定式的被动式，故填be inspired。部分考生误将to看作介词，从而错填名词inspiration。]
6．yourself [考查代词。此处主句为祈使句，省略了主语you，空处作宾语，与主语指代一致，应使用反身代词，故填yourself。]
7．second [考查序数词。句意：如果你目标明确地努力行动，而不是消磨你的时间，这将成为你的第二天性，而懒惰将成为过去。second nature为固定短语，表示“第二天性”，故填second。]
8．to achieve [考查非谓语动词。have a desire to do sth．为固定搭配，意为“渴望做某事”，故填to achieve。]
9．bigger [考查形容词比较级。根据goal后的than可知，此处应使用形容词比较级，故填bigger。]
10．a [考查冠词。根据句意可知，此处表示泛指，意为“一种……的生活”，应使用不定冠词，且rich的发音以辅音音素开头，故填不定冠词a。]
Ⅳ．读后续写(限时25分钟)
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
(2022·沈阳一模)
It was last February．Noel，a 28 year old marketing manager was heading from Iceland's Keflavik Airport to the capital city Reykjavik with the modern traveller's two essentials: a dream and a GPS unit．What could go wrong
The dream had been with him since April 14，2010 when he watched TV news report of the volcano eruption in Iceland．Dark haired，with a youthful face and thick eyebrows，he had never travelled beyond the United States and his native Mexico．“I want to see this through my own eyes，” he thought as he watched the news on his couch．
On a cold winter morning，he was driving from Keflavik Airport in a rented car towards a hotel in Reykjavik，excited that his one week journey was beginning．As the pink sun rose over the ocean and shone light on the snow covered lava rocks along the shore，he dutifully followed the commands of the GPS that came with the car，a calm female voice directing him to an address．
But after stopping on a deserted road，he got a feeling that the voice might be steering (引导) him wrong．He had been driving for nearly an hour，yet the GPS put his arrival time at around eight hours later．He entered his destination again and got the same result．Though he sensed that something was wrong，he made a choice to trust the machine．
The farther he drove，the fewer cars he saw．The roads became icier．He was sleepy，cold and hungry．He hadn't set up his phone for international use，so that was no help．Another three hours passed．As his tires skidded (打滑) along a narrow mountain road that skirted a steep cliff，he knew that the device had failed him．
He was lost．He didn't know where else to go．There was no one else on the road，and there was nothing else to do but follow the line on the screen to its mysterious end．
注意：1．续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
The directions ended at a small blue house in a tiny town．________________________________________________________________
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Knowing what had happened，the woman offered to help him．_________________________________________________________________
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【写作思路】
文章大意：一名叫Noel的年轻人在电视中看到了冰岛火山爆发的新闻，于是就产生了想亲眼看看火山爆发的梦想。他租来一辆小汽车开始了一周的旅程，途中发现导航预计到达的时间大约是8个小时后，他产生了怀疑，但最终还是相信了导航，按照导航的路线行走，结果迷了路。他只能跟着导航直到终点。
谋篇布局：根据续写第一段的提示句可知，续写第一段应写一位女士的出现以及那位女士对Noel的帮助和安慰，并帮助他找到跟着导航误到此地的原因。
根据续写第二段的提示句可知，续写第二段应写那位女士帮助Noel找到了正确的路，同时还要写Noel对那位女士的感激之情。
【参考范文】
The_directions_ended_at_a_small_blue_house_in_a_tiny_town．Noel parked his car and headed towards the door．An old blue eyed woman answered after the second ring．She smiled as he stammered about his hotel and handed her his reservation．“No，this isn't the hotel you have booked．Your hotel is 380 kilometres south，” she told him in accented English with a laugh．Noel quickly figured out what happened．The address was wrong with an extra “r” in it．
Knowing_what_had_happened，the_woman_offered_to_help_him．She provided Noel with a free meal and a bed so that he could get a good night's sleep．The next day，Noel decided to drive to Reykjavik．In the light of his previous experience，the woman gave him a map with the main roads and landmarks carefully marked on it，in case the device went wrong again．With the help of the woman，Noel finally reached his destination．“Without her help，I wouldn't have made it．” He was so thankful to the woman，who was just a total stranger to him．
