(共66张PPT)
教材知识讲练
选择性必修三册
Unit 3 War and peace
续写语料积累 背诵·句之美
1．(行为描写)(2022·西南大学附中模拟)Meghan screamed excitedly，her eyes alive with expectation．
2．(心理描写)(2022·广州市三校联考)My heartbeat quickened, and I felt nervous．
3．(人物描写)(2022·泉州市质量监测)I was moody, depressed, lonely, and I didn't smile much．
续写语料积累 欣赏·语之秀
(2022·烟台市模拟)At an early age, she was crazy about singing．Whenever she had a chance, she would sing to her heart's content．Her sweet and charming voice tended to get people around attracted to her songs．
语基自查自测·巩固验收
01
核
心
单
词
检
测 1．(2022·全国乙卷)_____________(anniversary) and birthdays carry even more weight in long distance friendships．
2．(2020·天津卷)...I was finally with _____(peer) who understood me．
3．The swimmer _______(emerge) from the lake，took a deep breath and then made another dive into the lake．
Anniversaries
peers
emerged
核
心
单
词
检
测 4．He acted like a ________(drown) man trying to catch at a straw．
5．To create troubles in public places should ________________
(condemn) by social opinion．
drowning
be condemned
派生单词检测 1．As far as I'm concerned，it does serious harm to children's character that too much ________ is shown on television．What's worse，_______ on TV makes people behave _________．(violent)
2．We were impressed by the _______________ of the ____________．(profession)
violence
violence
violently
professionalism
professional
派生单词检测 3．He can ________ many people，one of whom once built the ________ here．(memory)
4．The city was _________ by the People's __________ Army in 1948．(liberate)
5．The President was ___________ at the ceremony by him．In other words, he was the President's ______________ at the ceremony．(represent)
memorize
memorial
liberated
Liberation
represented
representative
高频短语检测 free...from，have(...)confidence in，nothing less than，prepare for，make it，meet up with，on standby
1．You should ____ more _____________ your own abilities to overcome difficulties．
2．They give us entertainment, providing us with a means to safely ____ ourselves ____ stress．
3．During the sports meeting，there is always a medical team __________．
have
confidence in
free
from
on standby
高频短语检测 4．Mary locked herself in her study for the whole weekend，_____________ the coming examinations．
5．No matter how hard it is，as long as we have the dream and work hard，we will _______！
preparing for
make it
重点句式检测 1．秋天来了，树叶黄了，一些鸟儿飞到了南方。(独立主格)
_____________，the tree leaves turn yellow and some birds fly to the south．
2．怪不得汤姆这么有经验，他已经在这家公司工作10年了。(it作形式主语)
______________ Tom is so experienced; he has worked in the company for ten years．
Autumn coming
It's no wonder
重点句式检测 3．尽管史密斯老师已经退休了，他仍记得和学生们共度的时光。(分词短语作定语)
Though Mr Smith has retired，he still remembers the time _______________________．
spent with his students
考点探究归纳·多维讲练
02
词法探究
句法探究
1 commander n．指挥官，长官
练中回想——语法填空
①(2021·北京卷)You should have a good command (掌握) __ either English or French．
②It is reported that the ___________(command) and some of the men had been released．
of
commander
③I'm __ your command — what would you like me to do
④The police commanded him ___________(describe) what had happened the day before．
⑤The man appeared to be __ complete command of himself．
⑥The soldiers were under the command __ a general．
at
to describe
in
of
完美写作——词汇升级
⑦The applicants are supposed to be outgoing persons who know both Chinese and English well．
→The applicants are supposed to be outgoing persons who ________________________ both Chinese and English．
have (a) good command of
练后归纳——搭配拓展
?command n．命令；指令；掌握；指挥；控制
?at sb．'s command听某人支配
?in command of指挥；控制
?in/under the command of 由……指挥；由……控制
?have(a)good command of 很好地掌握
?command v．命令；指挥
?command sb．to do sth．命令某人做某事
?command that...(should) do...命令……
语料输入——必备素材
have a good command of spoken English and the computer 精通英语口语和电脑
[名师点津] 下列动词后的名词性从句常用虚拟语气，一坚持：insist；二命令：order，command；三建议：suggest，advise，recommend；四要求：demand，request，require，desire；再加一个敦促：urge。
2 sum [课本义]n．金额，款项 [增补义]n．总数；总和；全部
练中回想——语法填空
①_ large sum of money has been donated to the earthquake stricken district．
②__ sum，talent is not so important as working hard in either study or daily work．
③Could you please sum __ the main idea of this article
A
In
up
完美写作——应用文佳句
④_________(总之)，for a healthy body you must take regular exercise and stop staying up．
To sum up
练后归纳——搭配拓展
?a sum of 一笔
?in sum 总之，总而言之
?sum to 共计
?sum up 总结；概括；计算……的总数
?to sum up 总之
语料输入——必备素材
?sum to one thousand 总计一千
?sum up the present situation of economy 概括了当前的经济形势
3 relevant [课本义]adj．有关的，切题的 [增补义]adj．有价值的；有意义的
练中回想——语法填空
①I don't think what he said is relevant __ the topic we are discussing．He has missed the point．
②Politicians' private lives have no direct _________(relevant) to their public role．
to
relevance
③Many people believe that classical music is __________ (relevant) to young people today．
④As is known to all，the temperature will change __________ (relevant) as altitude goes up．
irrelevant
relevantly
完美写作——申请信佳句
⑤What's more，I __________________________________________________________(已经获得了与这个职位相关的经验)．
have gained experience (which is) relevant to
the position
练后归纳——搭配拓展
?be relevant to 和……有关
?relevantly adv．有关地；切题地
?relevance n．有关，关联
?irrelevant adj．无关的；不重要的，无意义的
?irrelevance n．不相关，无关系
语料输入——必备素材
?directly relevant to this inquiry与这项调查直接相关
?have some relevant experience 有一些相关经验
4 free...from 使摆脱；免于；解放
练中回想——语法填空
①A classroom assistant frees teachers ______________(concentrate) on teaching．
②It was several weeks before he was completely free _______ pain．
③Your order will be delivered free __ charge within a ten mile limit．
to concentrate
from/of
of
完美写作——应用文佳句
④Besides building us up and enriching our knowledge，___________________________________________________ (课外活动也让我们从繁重的学业中解脱出来)．
after class activities also free us from the heavy work of study
练后归纳——搭配拓展
?free v．使摆脱；解除；使腾出时间
?free sb．to do sth．使某人能腾出时间做某事
?free adj．自由的，免费的
?be free to do sth．自由自在地做某事
?be free from/of 不受……伤害；没有……的；摆脱……的
?free of charge/for free 免费地
语料输入——必备素材
?be free from the truck被从卡车中救出
?be free to come and go as you please 你来去自由
5 [教材原句]Code named “Operation Overlord”，it was the largest combined sea，air and land operation in history，the aim being to free north west Europe from German occupation．
这次作战的行动代号为“霸王行动”，它是历史上规模最大的海、陆、空三方力量集结的行动，目的是解放德国占领的欧洲西北部地区。
练中回想——语法填空
①The party will be held in the garden，weather __________ (permit)．
②He was listening attentively in class，his eyes _____(fix) on the blackboard．
③So much housework _____(do)，my mother will not have time to go shopping this afternoon．
④More time _____ (give)，the work would have been done better．
permitting
fixed
to do
given
完美写作——句式升级
⑤He concentrated his mind on his work and didn't notice my appearance．
→_________________________________，he didn't notice my appearance．(独立主格结构)
⑥许多大学毕业生去往大城市，目的是找一份好的工作。
Many college graduates are going to big cities，____________________ a good job．(purpose，独立主格)
His mind concentrated on his work
the purpose being to find
练后归纳——句法分析
独立主格结构的逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致，它独立存在。该结构在句中一般作状语，表示时间、条件、原因、伴随状态等。独立主格结构形式有以下几种：
?名词/代词＋动词 ing形式(表示主动或正在进行)；
?名词/代词＋过去分词(表示被动或已经完成)；
?名词/代词＋不定式(表示将要发生的动作)；
?名词/代词＋形容词/副词/介词短语(常用来说明名词或代词的性质、特征或所处的状态)
语料输入——高考写作佳句背诵
The girl staring at him, he didn't know what to say．
姑娘两眼望着他，他不知道说什么好。
6 [教材原句]It is no wonder that many，if not most，of China's leading scholars and scientists emerged at Lianda，including the two Nobel Prize winning physicists，Yang Zhenning and Li Zhengdao．
难怪即使不是大多数，但也有许多中国领先的学者和科学家都是联大出身，包括两位诺贝尔奖得主，物理学家杨振宁和李政道。
练中回想——语法填空
①(2021·新高考卷Ⅰ)You can't help wondering ___ hard it was for the people then to put all those rocks into place．
②(2021·浙江1月卷)As he writes in his new book，A Long Way Home，Brierley couldn't help but wonder _____ his hometown back in India．
③He hasn't slept at all for three days．__ is no wonder that he is tired out．
④The children looked up __ wonder at the big elephant．
how
about
It
in
完美写作——应用文佳句
⑤_______________________________________________(我想知道您是否能给我一些建议) on how to make friends．
I wonder if/whether you can give me some advice
练后归纳——句法分析
?It is no wonder (that)...＝No wonder (that)...难怪……，怪不得……
?It's a wonder (that)...令人惊奇的是
?in wonder 惊奇地
?wonder at sth．对某事感到惊讶
?wonder about sth．想知道某事，对某事感到疑惑
?wonder if/whether/how/wh 从句想知道……
语料输入——高考写作佳句背诵
It is no wonder children all like going to the amusement park，where they can meet their favourite cartoon characters．
难怪孩子们都喜欢去游乐园，在那里他们可以见到他们最喜欢的卡通人物。
三层固基达标训练
03
层级一
层级二
层级三
Ⅰ．用所给词的正确形式填空
1．Unluckily，large ____(sum)of money were lost on his way to the little village．
2．Her glasses ______(break)，she couldn't see the words on the blackboard．
sums
broken
3．The policeman commanded the young man _______(stop) his car at once．
4．Her homework ____ (do)，the girl went to bed．
5．They are free _________(choose) whether to go out or stay at home．
6．Be sure to stay on topic and not offer __________(relevant) information．
to stop
done
to choose
irrelevant
Ⅱ．在空白处填入一个适当的词
1．I don't think what he said is relevant __ the arrangement of the activity．
2．It's no wonder ____ the boy is outstanding; he studies so hard．
3．The company sums __ their experience at the end of every year as a rule．
4．At last，he was barely able to free himself ____ being punished．
to
that
up
from
Ⅰ．用所给词的正确形式填空
1．(2021·新高考卷Ⅱ)A company ______________(represent) wrote back and told me the airline was switching over from plastic to paper cups on all of its 1，200 daily flights．
2．(2020·江苏卷)Most provinces and equivalent administrative units started to lower their public health _________(emerge) response level．
representative
emergency
3．There are several reasons why school ________(uniform) are a good idea．
4．Being back with their family should provide emotional _________(stable) for the children．
uniforms
stability
Ⅱ．在空白处填入一个适当的词
1．To prepare ___ the coming exam，Tony has to look over his notes once again．
2．We should have confidence in ourselves，and believe we can make __ if we try our best．
3．To her great joy，she met __ with her old friend in the street yesterday．
4．Some peacekeepers are kept __ standby near the platform all the time in case of emergency．
for
it
up
on
Ⅰ．熟词生义(选出黑体词在句中的汉语意思)
1．(2021·全国甲卷)A few minutes later，when I landed the trick，my friends beat their boards loud，shouting: “Safe! Safe! Safe！”_
A．登陆 B．获得，掌握 C．陷入
B
2．(2021·天津3月卷)Seconds later，our lizard emerged from its tank with its old skin flowing behind it．_
A．坦克 B．箱，槽
C．牢房
B
Ⅱ．长难语句(分析句子的结构并翻译成汉语)
1．(2022·浙江1月卷)On a website called No Fly Climate Sci，for example，roughly 200 academics—many of them climate scientists—have promised to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago．
化繁为简本句是一个复合句，since the effort started two years ago为________从句，called No Fly Climate Sci为过去分词短语作________，修饰website。
[尝试翻译]例如，自从这种努力两年前开始以来，在一个被称作No Fly Climate Sci的网站，大约200位学者已经承诺尽可能少地进行航空旅行，他们很多人都是气候科学家。
时间状语
后置定语
2．(2021·全国甲卷)I climbed to the top of a small rise and realised that the mist was little more than a few feet deep，and though it was only a short climb，I found myself completely above it and looking at a wonderfully clear view of Skiddaw with the sun setting in the west．
化繁为简本句是一个并列复合句，第一个逗号后的and连接两个并列分句，第一个分句中climbed和realised是两个并列的谓语动词，that the mist was little more than a few feet deep是realised的____从句，第二个分句中包含though引导的____________。
[尝试翻译]我爬到一个小斜坡的坡顶，意识到雾仅仅有几英尺深，尽管这只是一段短距离的攀爬，但我发现自己完全置身于雾的上面，把落日下Skiddaw的景色看得一清二楚。
宾语
让步状语从句
三维提能培优训练
04
维度一
维度二
维度三
短文中黑体部分为本单元核心知识点，请在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并背诵该短文。
Five years ago，violence 1．_____ (break) out in this small African country，which eventually turned into 2．________(nation) unrest．There were constant fights between government troops and local armed forces，3．_____ caused terrorist incidents to happen from time to time．The people were in hot water．4．_______ (invite) by the
broke
national
which
Invited
international community，China sent peacekeepers to this country to keep order．All of these peacekeepers were combatants．They wore peacekeepers' 5．________(uniform)，carried weapons and ammunition，stopped violent incidents，disarmed illegal armed forces，mediated friction between all parties，6．___ fortified social security．They made outstanding contributions to the peace and stability of the country．7．_____ (they) unremitting efforts and dedication have won widespread praise．The supreme commander of
uniforms
and
Their
UN peacekeeping spoke 8．______ (high) of the role of China's peacekeeping force，and they were awarded collective first class merit．It shows that China is ready 9．_______(play) a more constructive role in promoting peace and stability in Africa，and will support African countries in creating their own peace and stability 10．__ the future．
highly
to play
in
用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识完成满分作文
假定你是李华，请你写一篇讲话稿，向外国朋友简单介绍一下中国的抗日战争及其历史意义。
注意：词数80左右。
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
Dear friends，
Here I'm honored to make a short introduction．
In 1931, Japan invaded China，and we Chinese people carried out the Anti Japanese War，which lasted 14 years．Though backward in weapons, the Chinese army always had strong confidence in defeating the enemy equipped with aircraft, artillery and tanks．Faced with the
enemy's violent bombing, the Chinese army and the people united as one, and eventually won the glorious victory of this war, laying the foundation for the victory of the World Anti Fascist war．No wonder someone says that the great victory of the Chinese people's Anti Japanese War will be forever engraved in the history of human justice．
That's all．Thank you．
动作描写之“笑” (二)
Step 1．储备词汇(记牢本单元可用于描写的词汇)
积累
常诵 ①grin 咧着嘴笑 ②with a laugh 笑一声 ③burst into laughter 大笑 ④explode with laughter 哄堂大笑 ⑤scream/roar with laughter 放声大笑 ⑥laugh from ear to ear 笑得合不拢嘴 ⑦howl with laughter 狂笑
Step 2．尝试练笔(翻译下面的续写语句)
用表示“笑”的表达和其他描写手法补全下列句子
①我把我的画慢慢地从抽屉里拿出来，举了起来，全班同学突然哄堂大笑！
I slowly pulled my picture out of my drawer and held it up．________________________________________________！(简单句)
The entire
class suddenly exploded with laughter
②突然，老师严肃的表情一下子变成了笑脸。
All at once，______________________________________________．
(简单句)
③他笑着拍了拍我的肩膀。
________，he patted me on the shoulder．(分词作状语)
the teacher's serious expression softened into a grin
Laughing
④他们的笑声把我搞糊涂了，我看了看我的画，结果发现是一张白纸。
__________________________，I looked at my picture，only to find it was blank．(过去分词短语作状语)
⑤我看了看我的同桌，他正咧着嘴笑。
When I looked at my deskmate，_______________．(简单句)
Confused by their laughter
he was grinning
⑥他们大笑，只有我没笑，我只能若无其事地挤出一个苦涩的笑。
___________________，except for me，_____________________________________________．(动词＋副词，定语从句)
They laughed loudly
who could do nothing but force
a bitter smile续写语料积累 背诵·句之美 欣赏·语之秀
1．(行为描写)(2022·西南大学附中模拟)Meghan screamed excitedly，her eyes alive with expectation． 2．(心理描写)(2022·广州市三校联考)My heartbeat quickened, and I felt nervous． 3．(人物描写)(2022·泉州市质量监测)I was moody, depressed, lonely, and I didn't smile much． (2022·烟台市模拟)At an early age, she was crazy about singing．Whenever she had a chance, she would sing to her heart's content．Her sweet and charming voice tended to get people around attracted to her songs．
核心单词检测 1．(2022·全国乙卷)Anniversaries(anniversary) and birthdays carry even more weight in long distance friendships． 2．(2020·天津卷)...I was finally with peers(peer) who understood me． 3．The swimmer emerged(emerge) from the lake，took a deep breath and then made another dive into the lake． 4．He acted like a drowning(drown) man trying to catch at a straw． 5．To create troubles in public places should be_condemned(condemn) by social opinion．
派生单词检测 1．As far as I'm concerned，it does serious harm to children's character that too much violence is shown on television．What's worse，violence on TV makes people behave violently．(violent) 2．We were impressed by the professionalism of the professional．(profession) 3．He can memorize many people，one of whom once built the memorial here．(memory) 4．The city was liberated by the People's Liberation Army in 1948．(liberate) 5．The President was represented at the ceremony by him．In other words, he was the President's representative at the ceremony．(represent)
高频短语检测 free...from，have(...)confidence in，nothing less than，prepare for，make it，meet up with，on standby
1．You should have more confidence_in your own abilities to overcome difficulties． 2．They give us entertainment, providing us with a means to safely free ourselves from stress． 3．During the sports meeting，there is always a medical team on_standby． 4．Mary locked herself in her study for the whole weekend，preparing_for the coming examinations． 5．No matter how hard it is，as long as we have the dream and work hard，we will make_it！
重点句式检测 1．秋天来了，树叶黄了，一些鸟儿飞到了南方。(独立主格) Autumn_coming，the tree leaves turn yellow and some birds fly to the south． 2．怪不得汤姆这么有经验，他已经在这家公司工作10年了。(it作形式主语) It's_no_wonder Tom is so experienced; he has worked in the company for ten years． 3．尽管史密斯老师已经退休了，他仍记得和学生们共度的时光。(分词短语作定语) Though Mr Smith has retired，he still remembers the time spent_with_his_students．
1 commander n．指挥官，长官
①(2021·北京卷)You should have a good command (掌握) of either English or French．
②It is reported that the commander(command) and some of the men had been released．
③I'm at your command — what would you like me to do
④The police commanded him to_describe(describe) what had happened the day before．
⑤The man appeared to be in complete command of himself．
⑥The soldiers were under the command of a general．
⑦The applicants are supposed to be outgoing persons who know both Chinese and English well．
→The applicants are supposed to be outgoing persons who have_(a)_good_command_of both Chinese and English．
?command n．命令；指令；掌握；指挥；控制
?at sb．'s command听某人支配
?in command of指挥；控制
?in/under the command of 由……指挥；由……控制
?have(a)good command of 很好地掌握
?command v．命令；指挥
?command sb．to do sth．命令某人做某事
?command that...(should) do...命令……
have a good command of spoken English and the computer 精通英语口语和电脑
[名师点津] 下列动词后的名词性从句常用虚拟语气，一坚持：insist；二命令：order，command；三建议：suggest，advise，recommend；四要求：demand，request，require，desire；再加一个敦促：urge。
2 sum [课本义]n．金额，款项 [增补义]n．总数；总和；全部
①A large sum of money has been donated to the earthquake stricken district．
②In sum，talent is not so important as working hard in either study or daily work．
③Could you please sum up the main idea of this article
④To_sum_up(总之)，for a healthy body you must take regular exercise and stop staying up．
?a sum of 一笔
?in sum 总之，总而言之
?sum to 共计
?sum up 总结；概括；计算……的总数
?to sum up 总之
?sum to one thousand 总计一千
?sum up the present situation of economy 概括了当前的经济形势
3 relevant [课本义]adj．有关的，切题的 [增补义]adj．有价值的；有意义的
①I don't think what he said is relevant to the topic we are discussing．He has missed the point．
②Politicians' private lives have no direct relevance(relevant) to their public role．
③Many people believe that classical music is irrelevant (relevant) to young people today．
④As is known to all，the temperature will change relevantly (relevant) as altitude goes up．
⑤What's more，I have_gained_experience_(which_is)_relevant_to_the_position(已经获得了与这个职位相关的经验)．
?be relevant to 和……有关
?relevantly adv．有关地；切题地
?relevance n．有关，关联
?irrelevant adj．无关的；不重要的，无意义的
?irrelevance n．不相关，无关系
?directly relevant to this inquiry与这项调查直接相关
?have some relevant experience 有一些相关经验
4 free...from 使摆脱；免于；解放
①A classroom assistant frees teachers to_concentrate(concentrate) on teaching．
②It was several weeks before he was completely free from/of pain．
③Your order will be delivered free of charge within a ten mile limit．
④Besides building us up and enriching our knowledge，after class_activities_also_free_us_from_the_heavy_work_of_study(课外活动也让我们从繁重的学业中解脱出来)．
?free v．使摆脱；解除；使腾出时间
?free sb．to do sth．使某人能腾出时间做某事
?free adj．自由的，免费的
?be free to do sth．自由自在地做某事
?be free from/of 不受……伤害；没有……的；摆脱……的
?free of charge/for free 免费地
?be free from the truck被从卡车中救出
?be free to come and go as you please 你来去自由
5 [教材原句]Code named “Operation Overlord”，it was the largest combined sea，air and land operation in history，the aim being to free north west Europe from German occupation． 这次作战的行动代号为“霸王行动”，它是历史上规模最大的海、陆、空三方力量集结的行动，目的是解放德国占领的欧洲西北部地区。
①The party will be held in the garden，weather permitting (permit)．
②He was listening attentively in class，his eyes fixed(fix) on the blackboard．
③So much housework to_do(do)，my mother will not have time to go shopping this afternoon．
④More time given (give)，the work would have been done better．
⑤He concentrated his mind on his work and didn't notice my appearance．
→His_mind_concentrated_on_his_work，he didn't notice my appearance．(独立主格结构)
⑥许多大学毕业生去往大城市，目的是找一份好的工作。
Many college graduates are going to big cities，the_purpose_being_to_find a good job．(purpose，独立主格)
独立主格结构的逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致，它独立存在。该结构在句中一般作状语，表示时间、条件、原因、伴随状态等。独立主格结构形式有以下几种：
?名词/代词＋动词 ing形式(表示主动或正在进行)；
?名词/代词＋过去分词(表示被动或已经完成)；
?名词/代词＋不定式(表示将要发生的动作)；
?名词/代词＋形容词/副词/介词短语(常用来说明名词或代词的性质、特征或所处的状态)
The girl staring at him, he didn't know what to say．
姑娘两眼望着他，他不知道说什么好。
6 [教材原句]It is no wonder that many，if not most，of China's leading scholars and scientists emerged at Lianda，including the two Nobel Prize winning physicists，Yang Zhenning and Li Zhengdao． 难怪即使不是大多数，但也有许多中国领先的学者和科学家都是联大出身，包括两位诺贝尔奖得主，物理学家杨振宁和李政道。
①(2021·新高考卷Ⅰ)You can't help wondering how hard it was for the people then to put all those rocks into place．
②(2021·浙江1月卷)As he writes in his new book，A Long Way Home，Brierley couldn't help but wonder about his hometown back in India．
③He hasn't slept at all for three days．It is no wonder that he is tired out．
④The children looked up in wonder at the big elephant．
⑤I_wonder_if/whether_you_can_give_me_some_advice(我想知道您是否能给我一些建议) on how to make friends．
?It is no wonder (that)...＝No wonder (that)...难怪……，怪不得……
?It's a wonder (that)...令人惊奇的是
?in wonder 惊奇地
?wonder at sth．对某事感到惊讶
?wonder about sth．想知道某事，对某事感到疑惑
?wonder if/whether/how/wh 从句想知道……
It is no wonder children all like going to the amusement park，where they can meet their favourite cartoon characters．
难怪孩子们都喜欢去游乐园，在那里他们可以见到他们最喜欢的卡通人物。
Ⅰ．用所给词的正确形式填空
1．Unluckily，large sums(sum)of money were lost on his way to the little village．
2．Her glasses broken(break)，she couldn't see the words on the blackboard．
3．The policeman commanded the young man to_stop(stop) his car at once．
4．Her homework done (do)，the girl went to bed．
5．They are free to_choose(choose) whether to go out or stay at home．
6．Be sure to stay on topic and not offer irrelevant(relevant) information．
Ⅱ．在空白处填入一个适当的词
1．I don't think what he said is relevant to the arrangement of the activity．
2．It's no wonder that the boy is outstanding; he studies so hard．
3．The company sums up their experience at the end of every year as a rule．
4．At last，he was barely able to free himself from being punished．
Ⅰ．用所给词的正确形式填空
1．(2021·新高考卷Ⅱ)A company representative(represent) wrote back and told me the airline was switching over from plastic to paper cups on all of its 1，200 daily flights．
2．(2020·江苏卷)Most provinces and equivalent administrative units started to lower their public health emergency(emerge) response level．
3．There are several reasons why school uniforms(uniform) are a good idea．
4．Being back with their family should provide emotional stability(stable) for the children．
Ⅱ．在空白处填入一个适当的词
1．To prepare for the coming exam，Tony has to look over his notes once again．
2．We should have confidence in ourselves，and believe we can make it if we try our best．
3．To her great joy，she met up with her old friend in the street yesterday．
4．Some peacekeepers are kept on standby near the platform all the time in case of emergency．
Ⅰ．熟词生义(选出黑体词在句中的汉语意思)
1．(2021·全国甲卷)A few minutes later，when I landed the trick，my friends beat their boards loud，shouting: “Safe! Safe! Safe！”B
A．登陆 B．获得，掌握 C．陷入
2．(2021·天津3月卷)Seconds later，our lizard emerged from its tank with its old skin flowing behind it．B
A．坦克 B．箱，槽
C．牢房
Ⅱ．长难语句(分析句子的结构并翻译成汉语)
1．(2022·浙江1月卷)On a website called No Fly Climate Sci，for example，roughly 200 academics—many of them climate scientists—have promised to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago．
本句是一个复合句，since the effort started two years ago为时间状语从句，called No Fly Climate Sci为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰website。
[尝试翻译]例如，自从这种努力两年前开始以来，在一个被称作No_Fly_Climate_Sci的网站，大约200位学者已经承诺尽可能少地进行航空旅行，他们很多人都是气候科学家。
2．(2021·全国甲卷)I climbed to the top of a small rise and realised that the mist was little more than a few feet deep，and though it was only a short climb，I found myself completely above it and looking at a wonderfully clear view of Skiddaw with the sun setting in the west．
本句是一个并列复合句，第一个逗号后的and连接两个并列分句，第一个分句中climbed和realised是两个并列的谓语动词，that the mist was little more than a few feet deep是realised的宾语从句，第二个分句中包含though引导的让步状语从句。
[尝试翻译]我爬到一个小斜坡的坡顶，意识到雾仅仅有几英尺深，尽管这只是一段短距离的攀爬，但我发现自己完全置身于雾的上面，把落日下Skiddaw的景色看得一清二楚。
短文中黑体部分为本单元核心知识点，请在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并背诵该短文。
Five years ago，violence 1．broke (break) out in this small African country，which eventually turned into 2．national(nation) unrest．There were constant fights between government troops and local armed forces，3．which caused terrorist incidents to happen from time to time．The people were in hot water．4．Invited (invite) by the international community，China sent peacekeepers to this country to keep order．All of these peacekeepers were combatants．They wore peacekeepers' 5．uniforms(uniform)，carried weapons and ammunition，stopped violent incidents，disarmed illegal armed forces，mediated friction between all parties，6．and fortified social security．They made outstanding contributions to the peace and stability of the country．7．Their (they) unremitting efforts and dedication have won widespread praise．The supreme commander of UN peacekeeping spoke 8．highly (high) of the role of China's peacekeeping force，and they were awarded collective first class merit．It shows that China is ready 9．to_play(play) a more constructive role in promoting peace and stability in Africa，and will support African countries in creating their own peace and stability 10．in the future．
用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识完成满分作文
假定你是李华，请你写一篇讲话稿，向外国朋友简单介绍一下中国的抗日战争及其历史意义。
注意：词数80左右。
______________________________________________________________________
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【参考范文】
Dear friends，
Here I'm honored to make a short introduction．
In 1931, Japan invaded China，and we Chinese people carried out the Anti Japanese War，which lasted 14 years．Though backward in weapons, the Chinese army always had strong confidence in defeating the enemy equipped with aircraft, artillery and tanks．Faced with the enemy's violent bombing, the Chinese army and the people united as one, and eventually won the glorious victory of this war, laying the foundation for the victory of the World Anti Fascist war．No wonder someone says that the great victory of the Chinese people's Anti Japanese War will be forever engraved in the history of human justice．
That's all．Thank you．
动作描写之“笑” (二)
Step 1．储备词汇(记牢本单元可用于描写的词汇)
积累 常诵 ①grin 咧着嘴笑 ②with a laugh 笑一声 ③burst into laughter 大笑 ④explode with laughter 哄堂大笑 ⑤scream/roar with laughter 放声大笑 ⑥laugh from ear to ear 笑得合不拢嘴 ⑦howl with laughter 狂笑
Step 2．尝试练笔(翻译下面的续写语句)
用表示“笑”的表达和其他描写手法补全下列句子
①我把我的画慢慢地从抽屉里拿出来，举了起来，全班同学突然哄堂大笑！
I slowly pulled my picture out of my drawer and held it up．The_entire_class_suddenly_exploded_with_laughter！(简单句)
②突然，老师严肃的表情一下子变成了笑脸。
All at once，the_teacher's_serious_expression_softened_into_a_grin．(简单句)
③他笑着拍了拍我的肩膀。
Laughing，he patted me on the shoulder．(分词作状语)
④他们的笑声把我搞糊涂了，我看了看我的画，结果发现是一张白纸。
Confused_by_their_laughter，I looked at my picture，only to find it was blank．(过去分词短语作状语)
⑤我看了看我的同桌，他正咧着嘴笑。
When I looked at my deskmate，he_was_grinning．(简单句)
⑥他们大笑，只有我没笑，我只能若无其事地挤出一个苦涩的笑。
They_laughed_loudly，except for me，who_could_do_nothing_but_force_a_bitter_smile．(动词＋副词，定语从句)
课时分层作业(三十三)
Ⅰ．阅读理解
(2022·马鞍山市教学质量监测)
Zara Rutherford is flying around the world by herself in a small plane．When she finishes her trip，which will take over two months，she'll become the youngest woman to fly around the globe by herself．She's just 19 years old．Ms Rutherford began her trip in Belgium on August 18．This trip is something she has dreamed about for a long time．
Ms Rutherford has been learning to fly planes since she was 14 years old．Ms Rutherford's parents are both pilots，and they helped her practice．She got her pilot license in 2020 and has hundreds of hours of flying practice．She's making this trip in a small two seater plane，a microlight．One of the seats has been replaced with an extra gas tank，which will allow Ms Rutherford to cover longer distances．The plane has had several other updates for safety，including a second radio，and satellite communications．
To follow her route，Ms Rutherford needs to be able to see，since her plane can't be guided by its instruments alone．That means she can't fly at night or in bad weather．Ms Rutherford is now in Nome，Alaska—the halfway point of her trip．While she's had some delays and is a little behind schedule，she is upbeat．“As long as I'm home before New Year，I'm content，”she says．
Ms Rutherford plans to stay a night or two in each place to visit schools and youth groups．She hopes to inspire young girls to explore areas like aviation，science，mathematics，and engineering．As her father points out，currently only about 5% of pilots are women．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了即将成为世界最年轻的环球女飞行员 Zara Rutherford 的经历。她自小学习驾驶飞机，在飞行员父母的帮助下于2020年获得飞行员执照，并将完成为期两个多月的环球旅行。
1．What is Zara Rutherford's long held dream
A．An independent flight around the world．
B．Building a small plane．
C．A two month self driving travel in Belgium．
D．Becoming the youngest pilot．
A [细节理解题。根据第一段的“This trip is...for a long time．”可知，环球飞行是Zara Rutherford梦想已久的事情。]
2．What can we learn about Ms Rutherford from paragraph 2
A．She needs a guide．
B．She is well prepared．
C．She is knowledgeable．
D．She has lots of hobbies．
B [细节理解题。通读第二段可知，为了环球飞行，Zara Rutherford 在2020年获得了飞行员执照，并进行了数百小时的飞行练习；此外，她还为飞机加装了油箱，更新了无线电和卫星通信。由此可知，Zara Rutherford 为环球飞行做好了充分的准备。]
3．What does the underlined word “upbeat” in paragraph 3 mean
A．Reliable． B．Innocent．
C．Elegant． D．Optimistic．
D [词义猜测题 根据画线词后的“As long as...I'm content”可知，她说，只要新年前能回家，她就心满意足了。由此可推知，她很乐观，故画线词义为“乐观的”。]
(2022·南京市六校联合体调研测试)
Natural disasters take many different forms and can happen without warning．Earthquakes，floods，volcanoes，drought，typhoons and hurricanes are all natural disasters．
The earthquake on December 26th，2004 resulted in one of the worst natural disasters in living memory．It was a massive underwater quake and occurred in the Indian Ocean．This caused a huge tsunami to cross the Indian Ocean．It destroyed coastlines and communities and brought death and destruction to many people．The survivors needed fresh water，food and shelters as well as medical help．People from all over the world gave money so that towns and villages could be rebuilt．
The surface of the earth is not always looked as it does today; it is moving continuously and has done so for billions of years．This is one cause of earthquakes，when one section of the earth collides with another．Scientists can predict where this might happen and the area between plates is called a fault line．However，earthquakes do not always happen on fault lines，which is why they are so dangerous and unpredictable．
Volcanoes happen where the earth's crust is thin—lava，dust and gases erupt from beneath the earth．They can rise into a massive cone shape—like a mountain and erupt，or they can be so violent that they just explode directly from the earth with no warning．
Hurricanes are extremely strong storms and often happen in the Caribbean．They cause high winds，huge waves，and heavy flooding and can cross hundreds of miles．
Floods happen in many countries after very heavy rainfall．When rain pours for weeks at a time and rivers overflow，people and property can be trapped or simply washed away．
Another kind of natural disaster is drought．This happens when there is no water—when it doesn't rain for a long time and rivers dry up．This causes crops to fail，animals to die and sadly，people to starve．
All the disasters are very dangerous，but they are nowhere near the most dangerous．One type of events in the earth's history has regularly killed millions of beings: the asteroid impact，which causes massive destruction and sometimes kills entire species，including all the dinosaurs．Disasters on the earth may seem dangerous，but the biggest threat to humans is likely to come from space．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了不同种类的自然灾害，包括地震、火山、飓风、洪水、干旱等。作者认为，对人类而言最大的灾难可能来自太空。
4．What did people from all over the world do when the tsunami occurred in the Indian Ocean
A．They aided the search for the victims．
B．They gave away money to the beggars．
C．They offered sponsorship to help the survivors．
D．They rebuilt the coastlines and communities．
C [细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The survivors needed...could be rebuilt．”可知，印度洋海啸的幸存者需要淡水、食物、收容所以及医疗帮助，来自世界各地的人们捐了款，以帮助他们重建家园。]
5．What is paragraph 3 mainly about
A．Why earthquakes happen．
B．What earthquakes destroy．
C．How we can prevent earthquakes．
D．When earthquakes happen．
A [段落大意题。根据第三段内容可知，该段主要介绍了地震发生的原因之一：地球不停地转动，板块碰撞时便会发生地震。]
6．Where does the author think the most dangerous natural disaster come from
A．Space． B．The tsunami．
C．Drought． D．The hurricane．
A [细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“the biggest threat...from space”可知，作者认为最大的威胁来自太空。]
7．What's the best title of the passage
A．The History of Natural Disasters
B．The Types of Natural Disasters
C．The Outcome of Natural Disasters
D．The Prediction of Natural Disasters
B [标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章首句“Natural disasters take...without warning．”为全文主旨句；再结合下文内容可知，本文主要介绍了不同种类的自然灾害，故B项最适合作本文标题。]
(2022·贵州省适应性考试)
For a high quality education，face to face teaching is considered an extremely important core component．However，digital teaching also brings unexpected advantages and opportunities，proves the German Psychological Society．
Dr．Anne Gartner from Technische Universit t Dresden explains that digital teaching offers students as well as teachers new opportunities and brings a completely renewed form of teaching and learning to life：“On the one hand，the flexibility in terms of time and space in work organization is one of the greatest advantages of digital teaching，as not only time but also costs can be saved，for example，by avoiding travel．Teachers have greater autonomy (自主) and can decide for themselves how to manage their time and organize their seminars and lectures．In addition，recorded teaching materials can be reused．” Students feel similarly：digital teaching allows them to learn at their own personal pace and repeat recorded lectures as often as necessary．
However，“face to face teaching and digital formats should not be played off against each other，” says Dr．Cartner．“Digital teaching should be seen as a complementary (补充的) means to further improve the quality of teaching，and the importance of face to face teaching should not be forgotten．” Because even if online learning brings more advantages than initially expected，the lack of contact between lecturers and students leaves many gaps that cannot be “filled” online．One obvious disadvantage，for example，is the requirement of a stable Internet connection and the necessary technical equipment．Since digital teaching and its technical implementation (实施) were still unfamiliar to many，there was accordingly an increased workload，especially in the early days．In addition，one of the main disadvantages is undoubtedly the difficulty of remaining disciplined，focused and motivated in front of one's computer all by oneself over a long period．
In the future，more and more people will want to learn and teach online，since everyone now has the opportunity to continue their education anytime and anywhere—whether on the road，in the waiting room，on the train or at home．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇议论文。面对面授课被认为是高质量教育的一个核心组成部分，然而数字化教学也带来了意想不到的优势和机遇。作者认为，两者不应该互相冲突，而应互相补充。
8．In which aspect do teachers benefit from digital teaching
A．Teaching at a flexible pace．
B．Contacting students frequently．
C．Having more job opportunities．
D．Freeing themselves from seminars．
A [细节理解题。根据第二段中的“the flexibility in terms of time and space”和“Teachers have greater...and lectures．”可知，老师们有了更多的自主性，可以自行决定如何使用自己的时间组织研讨会和讲座。由此可推知，老师们在教学灵活度方面受益。故A项正确。]
9．What can be inferred from paragraph 3
A．It is difficult to guarantee self control online．
B．Digital teaching helps fill communication gaps．
C．Digital teaching fails to meet initial expectations．
D．Offline teaching and digital teaching can't co exist．
A [推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句可知，其主要缺点之一是独自一人在电脑前很难长时间保持自律、专注和有动力。由此可知，网上自控很难得到保证。故A项正确。]
10．How does Dr．Anne Gartner express her ideas
A．By giving examples．
B．By making a comparison．
C．By using an expert's words．
D．By referring to another study．
B [推理判断题。第二段讲述数字化教学的优点，第三段讲述数字化教学的缺点，由此可推知，Anne Gartner是通过做比较来表达自己的观点的。故B项正确。]
11．What is the best title for the text
A．What Makes Digital Teaching Possible
B．How to Enable a High quality Education
C．Face to face Teaching: Necessary or Not
D．Digital Teaching：Opportunity or Challenge
D [标题归纳题。第一段讲述数字化教学带来的优点和机遇，第二段讲述数字化教学的优点，第三段讲述数字化教学的缺点(应该和面对面授课相互结合)，第四段讲述数字化教学成为趋势。由此可知，D项“数字化教学是机遇还是挑战”适合作为本文标题。]
Ⅱ．完形填空
(2022·潍坊市高中学科核心素养测评)
One day，rain was falling．I saw an old，wet dog walking to my house．The leather collar around his neck was __1__ and faded．I could see the ribs(肋骨) sticking out of his sides and knew he hadn't had a(n) __2__ meal in many days．My heart __3__．I ran into my kitchen，__4__ an old bowl，filled it with much food and went outside．
The old dog __5__ me with alarm．I could see he didn't completely trust strangers．I called him__6__，put the bowl down and __7__ a few steps back．I kneeled down in the wet grass and __8__．Finally，the old dog smelt food and moved slowly forward．His own smell came before him．He hadn't had a __9__ for a long time either．I wondered if he was __10__ or just lost．He bent down his head and rapidly ate the contents of the bowl __11__．Then for just a moment he gave me a(n) __12__ little smile．I hurried inside，refilled the bowl，and went back out but he was already gone．I had wanted to __13__ him and give him a home．Instead I just shared a meal and a moment of love．I said a little __14__ that his future would be better．
Every moment of love you create is a __15__．But caring doesn't necessarily go the way we want it to go．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者在一个雨天发现了一只饥肠辘辘的狗，于是作者给它拿吃的，待它吃完之后，作者赶紧跑回家再去拿吃的，然而当作者出来的时候，它已经不见了。作者不禁感慨：每次善举皆是财富，但照顾不必一定按我们期待的那样发展。
1．A．worn B．tight
C．rare D．delicate
A [根据“faded”可知，狗脖子上的皮颈圈已经褪色了，说明已经用旧了。worn“用坏的；用旧的；磨薄的”。]
2．A．superb B．full
C．simple D．ordinary
B [根据上文中的“I could see the ribs sticking out of his sides．”可以推断出，它应该很久没有吃饱饭了。]
3．A．raced B．failed
C．ached D．danced
C [根据空后一句可以看出，看着瘦骨嶙峋的狗，作者心里很难过，于是他跑到厨房，抓取了一个旧碗，给狗装了很多食物出来了。]
4．A．fetched B．noticed
C．prepared D．grabbed
D [参见上题解析。]
5．A．eyed B．kicked
C．nosed D．attacked
A [根据语境和常识可知，狗警觉地注视着作者。]
6．A．jokingly B．cheerfully
C．anxiously D．gently
D [根据语境可知，作者是一个富有爱心的人，他看到狗如此警觉，于是温柔地叫它过来吃东西。]
7．A．skipped B．took
C．followed D．tripped
B [根据语境可知，狗不完全信任陌生人，很警觉，于是作者后退了几步。]
8．A．waited B．trembled
C．hesitated D．shouted
A [根据语境可知，作者给狗放下食物后，后退了几步，在湿草丛中跪下来等着，它才会慢慢地向前。]
9．A．meal B．walk
C．bath D．break
C [根据上文中的“His own smell came before him．”可以推断出，它很久没洗澡了。]
10．A．affected B．adopted
C．injured D．abandoned
D [根据下文中的“or just lost”可知，作者在想它是被人遗弃了还是只是走丢了。]
11．A．skillfully B．attentively
C．greedily D．leisurely
C [根据上文可知，它已经很久没有吃饱了，因此见到食物后狼吞虎咽地吃了起来。]
12．A．awkward B．curious
C．familiar D．happy
D [根据语境可知，这只狗吃完食物后应该很开心。]
13．A．rescue B．protect
C．observe D．reward
A [根据下文中的“give him a home”可知，作者想要救下它然后收留它。]
14．A．belief B．prayer
C．promise D．request
B [根据空后的“his future would be better”可知，这是作者对它的祝愿。]
15．A．recreation B．treasure
C．commitment D．comfort
B [结合全文大意可知，你创造的善举皆是财富，但这份照顾不必一定要按照我们期待的那样发展。]
Ⅲ．应用文写作
(2022·沈阳市重点高中联合体联考)
假定你是李华，你注意到你校学生很少进行英语文学阅读。请你给全校同学用英语写封倡议书，倡导大家多阅读英语文学作品，内容包括：
1．介绍现状；
2．你对英语文学作品阅读的看法；
3．发出倡议。
注意：1．词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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【参考范文】
My fellow students，
Currently，most students in our school read little English literature，not only because they consider it too difficult，but also because they don't think it necessary．In my view，however，English literature is what we can't afford to miss．It offers us an opportunity to appreciate the beauty of English and have a taste of a different culture．Better yet，it allows us to communicate with those great minds．
Therefore，I appeal to every one of you to read more English literature and you won't regret it!
