(共69张PPT)
教材知识讲练
选择性必修三册
Unit 5 Learning from nature
续写语料积累 背诵·句之美
1．(行为描写)(2022·南京市模拟)She refused to leave and sat silently, staring at me angrily from the back of the room．
2．(心理描写)(2022·邵阳市模拟)I was like a pond in which someone had thrown a stone and it had been spilled up．
3．(人物描写)(2022·沈阳市模拟)Dark haired, with a youthful face and thick eyebrows, he had never travelled beyond the United States and his native Mexico．
续写语料积累 欣赏·语之秀
(2022·广州市综合测试)Then, one day in October, I was really pleased with what I had written, so pleased that I wanted to share．I remember my heart pounding in my chest as I raised my hand to read, and those urgent little voices in my mind listing all the reasons why it wasn't a good idea: They won't understand you．
语基自查自测·巩固验收
01
核
心
单
词
检
测 1．(2021·新高考卷Ⅱ)Discover how __________(architect)，product designers and scientists use similar skills in their work．
2．India _________ (attain) independence in 1947，after a long struggle．
3．It is widely acknowledged that students should ____________ (evaluate) in terms of overall quality．
architects
attained
be evaluated
核
心
单
词
检
测 4．Spring is the best season ______ (sow) seeds while autumn is the season when farmers harvest their crops．
5．The winners of the competition stepped onto the stage，______(bow) to all the judges and audiences．
to sow
bowing
派生单词检测 1．One tablet will ______ a litre of water and the ______ of the water is tasted regularly．(pure)
2．He can handle conflicts calmly and ______，so his ______ makes me admire him very much．(wise)
3．I've been ________ by all the universities I applied to．That is to say，all my applications have met with _________．(reject)
purify
purity
wisely
wisdom
rejected
rejection
派生单词检测 4．From his ____________________ look，I know that Huck must be going through __________ affairs．(depress)
5．They have _________，and the __________ is not reliable．(evaluate)
depressive/depressed
depressing
evaluated
evaluation
高频短语检测 take...for granted，convert ...into，respond to，seek solutions to，take inspiration from，in return for，at ease with
1．Don't ____ it ___________ that people should help you when you are in trouble．
2．You should think it over before _____________ the question．
3．Scientists _____________________ nature to make their breakthrough．
take
for granted
responding to
take inspiration from
高频短语检测 4．I felt ____________ the village people and was content with my life there．
5．_____________ your help，I invite you to spend the weekend with my family．
at ease with
In return for
重点句式检测 1．当他苏醒过来时，发现自己躺在一个陌生的房间里。(find＋宾语＋宾补)
When he came to himself，he _____________________________________．
2．他们中有些人赞同这项决定，而另一些人则反对。(while连接并列句)
Some of them are for the decision __________________________．
found himself lying in a strange
room
while others are against it
重点句式检测 3．记学习日记是如此重要，以至于我想介绍给你。(动词 ing的短语作主语)
______________________________________ I would like to introduce it to you．
Keeping a learning diary is so important that
考点探究归纳·多维讲练
02
词法探究
句法探究
1 employ [课本义]v．使用，运用 [增补义]v．雇用；忙于，从事
练中回想——语法填空
①(2021·天津卷)Kids with preference for the arts have a greater chance of finding __________(employ) in the future．
employment
②(2021·浙江1月卷)Grocery stores try to have enough _________(employ) at checkout to get all their customers through with minimum delay．
③Every autumn，a number of casual workers are employed _______(pick) the fruit on the farm．
employees
to pick
完美写作——申请信佳句
④_________________________________(如果我足够有幸被雇用)，I will spare no effort to repay you for your trust．
If I'm lucky enough to be employed
练后归纳——搭配拓展
?employ sb．as ...雇用某人为……
?employ sb．to do sth．雇用某人做某事
?employ oneself in doing sth．＝be employed in doing sth．忙于(做某事)；从事
?employer n．雇用者；雇主；老板
?employee n．雇工；雇员
?employment n．职业；工作
?unemployment n．失业
语料输入——必备素材
?be employed as a teacher 被聘为教师
?employ oneself/be employed in protecting the endangered animals 致力于保护濒危动物
2 withdraw [课本义]v．退出 [增补义]v．收回；提，取(银行账户中的钱款)；使撤回；(使)退出
练中回想——语法填空
①(2021·天津3月卷)Henry David Thoreau was happy to withdraw ____ social life，seeking a harmonious relationship with nature in the quietness of his life．
②The commander ordered an immediate __________(withdraw) of the troops from this area．
from
withdrawal
完美写作——续写佳句之行为描写
③A serious leg injury ________________________________________ (使她不得不退出比赛)．
forced her to withdraw from the competition
练后归纳——搭配拓展
?withdraw from 从……撤出/退出
?withdraw...from...从……提取/撤回……
?withdrawal n．撤走；收回，取回；(从银行账户中)提款
语料输入——必备素材
?withdraw money in a bank 在银行取款
?withdraw to their own rooms 回到他们自己的房间
3 resign [课本义]v．使自己顺从于(做)某事；安于 [增补义]v．辞职，辞去(工作、职位等)
练中回想——语法填空
①We had to resign ourselves to ______(make) a loss on the sales．
②It is said that Mr Smith resigned __ headmaster last month because he had been offered a better job．
③There were calls for her ___________ (resign) from the board of directors．
making
as
resignation
完美写作——记叙文佳句
④__________________________________________(没人知道杰克为什么辞职)，for he did a good job in the company．
Nobody knows why Jack resigned from office
练后归纳——搭配拓展
?resign oneself to (doing) sth．听任/顺从/只好接受(做)某事
?resign from 从……辞职
?resign as 辞去……的职务
?resign ...to 把……托付给
?resignation n．辞职；辞呈；顺从
语料输入——必备素材
?be resigned to the fate听天由命
?resign from a company 从公司辞职
4 ease [课本义]n．舒适，悠闲 [增补义]n．容易，轻松 v．缓解，缓和；小心缓慢地移动；使熟悉
练中回想——语法填空
①He didn't feel completely __ ease in the strange surroundings．
②With the help of the Internet，we can obtain many learning materials ____ ease．
③The news that her son was safe finally eased her __ anxiety．
at
with
of
完美写作——续写佳句之行为描写
④He was nervous at first but ___________________________________ (她的热情欢迎很快使他放松下来)．
her warm welcome soon put him at ease
练后归纳——搭配拓展
?at ease (with) 不拘束，放松
?put sb．at ease 使某人放松
?with ease 轻易地；毫不费力地
?ease sb．of...减轻某人的……
语料输入——必备素材
?live a life of ease 过着无忧无虑的生活
?feel completely at ease 感到完全放松
?pass the exam with ease 轻松通过了考试
?be not at ease with strangers 在陌生人面前很拘束
5 take...for granted 认为……理所当然
练中回想——语法填空
①(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)Don't take it __________(personal)．If a customer is rude or difficult，just think “Maybe she's had a row with her husband．Maybe her child's not well．”
personally
②Don't take what he says _________(serious)．He likes making fun of others．
③We have come to take __ for granted that we can't live without cell phones．
④The doctor told me to take __ easy for a few weeks．
seriously
it
it
完美写作——建议信佳句
⑤I sincerely hope that you will ______________________________________________(把我的建议考虑在内)．
take my suggestions into account/
consideration
练后归纳——搭配拓展
?take...personally 把……放在心上
?take...seriously 认真对待……
?take it easy轻松点
?take...into account/consideration 把……考虑在内
语料输入——必备素材
?never take anything for granted 对任何事情都不要想当然
?take your education very seriously 认真对待教育
[名师点津] take...for granted 后接that从句作宾语时，常用it作形式宾语，构成take it for granted that...结构。
6 [教材原句]Visitors are often amazed to find themselves in an urban building that so truly captures the beauty of natural forms．
当置身于这样一座真实地捕捉到自然形态之美的城市建筑中时，参观者常常叹为观止。
练中回想——语法填空
①After I arrived in America，I found myself ______(live) in a completely different culture．
②After wandering in the forest，we found ourselves ____(lose) in a strange path．
③She found __ difficult to overcome her fear of speaking in public as a shy girl．
④He found having a good command of English __ great importance．
living
lost
it
of
完美写作——续写佳句之行为描写
⑤When he opened his eyes，he _______________________________________________(发现自己正站在一片蔚蓝的大海前面)．
found himself standing before the
vast blue sea
练后归纳——句法分析
句中“find＋oneself＋宾语补足语”通常表示“(在事先毫无知觉的情况下)突然发现自己处于某种状态”。find的常见复合宾语结构：
?find＋it＋形容词/名词＋to do 发现/认为做某事……
?find＋宾语＋
动词 ing形式（表示主动、进行）
过去分词（表示被动、完成）
形容词
介词短语
语料输入——高考写作佳句背诵
She woke up and found herself in a hospital bed．
她醒来发觉自己躺在医院的床上。
7 [教材原句]While Tao's return to nature was a reaction to a lifestyle he was opposed to，Thoreau's was a personal decision to transform the way he lived．
陶渊明回归大自然是对自己反对的生活方式做出的一种反应， 而梭罗则是出于个人的决定而改变自己的生活方式。
①(2022·全国甲卷)While I was amused that he was an animal lover，I worried that three dogs were perhaps too many，and my dogs might attack Flora，the cat． __________
②While you're away, someone else is doing your work． ___________
③(2021·新高考卷Ⅰ)The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients，while a cheater might use it to control potential victims． ____
虽然，尽管
当……时候
然而
完美写作——请求信佳句
④我不在的时候能请你帮我给植物浇浇水和照料一下狗吗？
_________________________________________________________，while I'm away？
Could you please help me water the plants and take care of the dog
练后归纳——句法分析
?while引导让步状语从句时，意为“虽然，尽管”，该从句往往位于主句之前。
?while引导时间状语从句时，意为“当……时候”，从句谓语动词须用延续性动词。
?while引导条件状语从句时，意为“只要”。
?while作并列连词时，意为“而，然而”，表示对比，用来连接两个并列分句。
语料输入——高考写作佳句背诵
Online voting is beneficial to some people，while it puts others into a dilemma over whether to vote or not．
网络投票对一些人有利，却把其他人推到是否投票的尴尬境地。
三层固基达标训练
03
层级一
层级二
层级三
Ⅰ．用所给词的正确形式填空
1．The __________ (employ) rate has continued to rise in big cities thanks to the efforts of the local government．
2．There was no grief in his expression，only deep ___________(resign) because of the unfair treatment in the competition．
employment
resignation
3．One night，she was sleeping heavily in bed when she found herself _______(trap) in a big fire．
4．Take your education _________(serious)．Your future depends on it．
5．If you experience any unusual symptoms after __________(withdraw) of the treatment，contact your doctor．
6．She ____________(employ) in reading，so she did not notice what was happening．
trapped
seriously
withdrawal
was employed
Ⅱ．在空白处填入一个适当的词
1．Some people waste food _____ others often go hungry．
2．The mother gently withdrew her hand ____ that of the sleeping child．
3．The man is full of wisdom and humorous，so I feel __ ease with him．
4．Some of us always take __ for granted that our parents or grandparents should take care of us．
while
from
at
it
Ⅰ．用所给词的正确形式填空
1．If you already have severe __________(depress) symptoms，then seek help right away．
2．Jane was silent because she was reluctant ______(put) her thoughts into words．
depressive
to put
3．Many students have expressed doubts about the ______(wise) of artificial intelligence．
4．Although the job is very stressful，you can get great __________(fulfill) and happiness from it．
wisdom
fulfilment
Ⅱ．在空白处填入一个适当的词
1．In this way，we expressed thanks to our parents __ return for their love．
2．We can draw some lessons for the future ____ this accident．
3．It takes 15 minutes to convert the plane ____ a car by removing the wings and the tail．
4．The designer took inspiration ____ his children's paintings and designed many toys based on them．
in
from
into
from
Ⅰ．熟词生义(选出黑体词在句中的汉语意思)
1．(2021·新高考卷Ⅰ)My life as a tax paying employed person began in middle school，when，for three whole days，I worked in a baking factory．_
A．使用，运用 B．雇用 C．忙于，从事
B
2．(2021·天津卷)Below are several tips to ease yourself into college life．_
A．缓解，缓和
B．小心缓慢地移动
C．使熟悉
C
3．(2020·天津卷)Dr．Rowan，whose secretary resigned two weeks ago，has had to do all his own typing．_
A．辞职 B．使自己顺从于(做)某事；安于
C．投降
A
Ⅱ．长难语句(分析句子的结构并翻译成汉语)
1．(2019·江苏卷)Chris and Tim offered us the answer: human beings took it for granted that their brains held all the solutions，but maybe their hearts can be a better guide．
化繁为简本句的主干是Chris and Tim offered us the answer，冒号后面是answer的同位语。同位语中but连接两个并列分句，but前面的分句中it为________，替代that引导的________。
[尝试翻译]克里斯和蒂姆给我们提供了答案：人类想当然地认为他们的大脑掌握着所有的解决办法，但或许他们的内心才可以更好地引领他们。
形式宾语
宾语从句
2．(2013·江西卷)Sometimes what is taken for granted，like the setting up of a water purification plant or the administration of a school，could be useful for countries which are looking about to solve common problems．
化繁为简本句是一个复合句，what is taken for granted为________，which are looking about to solve common problems是________，修饰先行词countries。
[尝试翻译]有时像建纯净水厂或者学校管理之类理所当然的(措施)，可能对于寻求解决共有问题的国家来说是有用的。
主语从句
定语从句
三维提能培优训练
04
维度一
维度二
维度三
短文中黑体部分为本单元核心知识点，请在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并背诵该短文。
We are used 1．__ what nature offers us and we may even take it for granted that we are 2．___ masters of nature．3．________(actual)，many architects take 4．___________(inspire) from nature to make designs for architecture．And we regard this activity as biomimicry，which 5．_____(show) the connection between nature and human
to
the
Actually
inspiration
shows
beings' art and science to create structures 6．_____(base) on natural forms and processes．Among them the Algae House is a superb example，7．_____ is the world's first algae powered building located in Hamburg，Germany．Its surface is covered in panels 8．__________(contain) algae．The building therefore not only uses less energy，but reduces damage to the environment by generating 9．___(it) own renewable energy．Creating such buildings enables us to live in 10．______(close) harmony with our environment．
based
which
containing
its
closer
用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识完成满分作文
大自然是人类出色的老师，但有些人不情愿甚至反对向大自然学习，认为人类的发明创造都是理所当然的。请你写一篇短文，发表自己的观点。
注意：词数80左右。
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
From the day of birth, in order to meet the needs of their own, human beings constantly take inspiration from nature and seek solutions to problems．
For example, people learned from bats to make radars, from spiders to improve building standards, and from dragonflies in ponds to improve the flight performance of airplanes．Nature is a superb teacher of human beings, but some people are reluctant to learn from nature, taking these inventions and creations for granted．Therefore, human beings should live in harmony with nature, which in return will bring us great benefits．
While human beings dominate the world, we should not violate the law of nature, otherwise we will be punished by it．
动作描写之各种哭泣(二)
Step 1．储备词汇(记牢本单元可用于描写的词汇)
积累
常诵 ①hold/fight back tears 抑制住泪水 ②burst into tears 放声大哭 ③cry bitter/lonely tears 流下痛苦/孤独的泪水 ④be wet with tears/be in tears 泪流满面 ⑤be close to tears 快哭了 ⑥be filled with/be full of tears 热泪盈眶 ⑦tears well up in one's eyes 热泪盈眶 ⑧tears roll/run/stream down one's cheeks 泪水滑落脸颊
Step 2．尝试练笔(翻译下面的续写语句)
用表示“哭”的表达和其他描写手法补全下列句子
①听到这个消息，这个女孩心痛如绞，她抽泣起来，哭个不停。
When the girl heard the news，her heart ached，and ___________________________________________________．(简单句)
②她痛苦地抽泣着，品尝着脸上流下的咸咸的泪水。
She sobbed bitterly，tasting the salt from the tears ___________________________．(定语从句)
she started to sob
and sob，and couldn't stop crying
that streamed down
her face
③过了一会儿，她回头看他，双眼溢满了泪水。
a．After a while she turned round and looked at him，and ___________________________．(简单句)
b．After a while she turned round to look at him，___________________________．(with复合结构)
④她一张口说话，泪水再次夺眶而出。
____________________________ as she started to speak．(简单句)
her eyes were full of tears
with her eyes full of tears
Her tears brimmed over again
⑤他忍住泪水，并试图安慰她。
_____________________________ and tried to comfort her．(简单句)
⑥一个小时后，她回到自己屋中，又哭出来了。
An hour later，when she returned to her room，______________．(简单句)
⑦他地站在她的房间外，泪水顺着脸颊淌下来。
a．He stood silently outside her room，and _____________________．
(简单句)
b．He stood silently outside her room，________________________．
(独立主格)
He held/fought back his tears
she wept again
tears rolled down his cheeks
tears rolling down his cheeks续写语料积累 背诵·句之美 欣赏·语之秀
1．(行为描写)(2022·南京市模拟)She refused to leave and sat silently, staring at me angrily from the back of the room． 2．(心理描写)(2022·邵阳市模拟)I was like a pond in which someone had thrown a stone and it had been spilled up． 3．(人物描写)(2022·沈阳市模拟)Dark haired, with a youthful face and thick eyebrows, he had never travelled beyond the United States and his native Mexico． (2022·广州市综合测试)Then, one day in October, I was really pleased with what I had written, so pleased that I wanted to share．I remember my heart pounding in my chest as I raised my hand to read, and those urgent little voices in my mind listing all the reasons why it wasn't a good idea: They won't understand you．
核心单词检测 1．(2021·新高考卷Ⅱ)Discover how architects(architect)，product designers and scientists use similar skills in their work． 2．India _attained (attain) independence in 1947，after a long struggle． 3．It is widely acknowledged that students should be_evaluated (evaluate) in terms of overall quality． 4．Spring is the best season to_sow (sow) seeds while autumn is the season when farmers harvest their crops． 5．The winners of the competition stepped onto the stage，bowing(bow) to all the judges and audiences．
派生单词检测 1．One tablet will purify a litre of water and the purity of the water is tasted regularly．(pure) 2．He can handle conflicts calmly and wisely，so his wisdom makes me admire him very much．(wise) 3．I've been rejected by all the universities I applied to．That is to say，all my applications have met with rejection．(reject) 4．From his depressive/depressed look，I know that Huck must be going through depressing affairs．(depress) 5．They have evaluated，and the evaluation is not reliable．(evaluate)
高频短语检测 take...for granted，convert ...into，respond to，seek solutions to，take inspiration from，in return for，at ease with
1．Don't take it for_granted that people should help you when you are in trouble． 2．You should think it over before responding_to the question． 3．Scientists take_inspiration_from nature to make their breakthrough． 4．I felt at_ease_with the village people and was content with my life there． 5．In_return_for your help，I invite you to spend the weekend with my family．
重点句式检测 1．当他苏醒过来时，发现自己躺在一个陌生的房间里。(find＋宾语＋宾补) When he came to himself，he found_himself_lying_in_a_strange_room． 2．他们中有些人赞同这项决定，而另一些人则反对。(while连接并列句) Some of them are for the decision while_others_are_against_it． 3．记学习日记是如此重要，以至于我想介绍给你。(动词 ing的短语作主语) Keeping_a_learning_diary_is_so_important_that I would like to introduce it to you．
1 employ [课本义]v．使用，运用 [增补义]v．雇用；忙于，从事
①(2021·天津卷)Kids with preference for the arts have a greater chance of finding employment(employ) in the future．
②(2021·浙江1月卷)Grocery stores try to have enough employees(employ) at checkout to get all their customers through with minimum delay．
③Every autumn，a number of casual workers are employed to_pick(pick) the fruit on the farm．
④If_I'm_lucky_enough_to_be_employed(如果我足够有幸被雇用)，I will spare no effort to repay you for your trust．
?employ sb．as ...雇用某人为……
?employ sb．to do sth．雇用某人做某事
?employ oneself in doing sth．＝be employed in doing sth．忙于(做某事)；从事
?employer n．雇用者；雇主；老板
?employee n．雇工；雇员
?employment n．职业；工作
?unemployment n．失业
?be employed as a teacher 被聘为教师
?employ oneself/be employed in protecting the endangered animals 致力于保护濒危动物
2 withdraw [课本义]v．退出 [增补义]v．收回；提，取(银行账户中的钱款)；使撤回；(使)退出
①(2021·天津3月卷)Henry David Thoreau was happy to withdraw from social life，seeking a harmonious relationship with nature in the quietness of his life．
②The commander ordered an immediate withdrawal(withdraw) of the troops from this area．
③A serious leg injury forced_her_to_withdraw_from_the_competition(使她不得不退出比赛)．
?withdraw from 从……撤出/退出
?withdraw...from...从……提取/撤回……
?withdrawal n．撤走；收回，取回；(从银行账户中)提款
?withdraw money in a bank 在银行取款
?withdraw to their own rooms 回到他们自己的房间
3 resign [课本义]v．使自己顺从于(做)某事；安于 [增补义]v．辞职，辞去(工作、职位等)
①We had to resign ourselves to making(make) a loss on the sales．
②It is said that Mr Smith resigned as headmaster last month because he had been offered a better job．
③There were calls for her resignation (resign) from the board of directors．
④Nobody_knows_why_Jack_resigned_from_office(没人知道杰克为什么辞职)，for he did a good job in the company．
?resign oneself to (doing) sth．听任/顺从/只好接受(做)某事
?resign from 从……辞职
?resign as 辞去……的职务
?resign ...to 把……托付给
?resignation n．辞职；辞呈；顺从
?be resigned to the fate听天由命
?resign from a company 从公司辞职
4 ease [课本义]n．舒适，悠闲 [增补义]n．容易，轻松 v．缓解，缓和；小心缓慢地移动；使熟悉
①He didn't feel completely at ease in the strange surroundings．
②With the help of the Internet，we can obtain many learning materials with ease．
③The news that her son was safe finally eased her of anxiety．
④He was nervous at first but her_warm_welcome_soon_put_him_at_ease(她的热情欢迎很快使他放松下来)．
?at ease (with) 不拘束，放松
?put sb．at ease 使某人放松
?with ease 轻易地；毫不费力地
?ease sb．of...减轻某人的……
?live a life of ease 过着无忧无虑的生活
?feel completely at ease 感到完全放松
?pass the exam with ease 轻松通过了考试
?be not at ease with strangers 在陌生人面前很拘束
5 take...for granted 认为……理所当然
①(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)Don't take it personally(personal)．If a customer is rude or difficult，just think “Maybe she's had a row with her husband．Maybe her child's not well．”
②Don't take what he says seriously(serious)．He likes making fun of others．
③We have come to take it for granted that we can't live without cell phones．
④The doctor told me to take it easy for a few weeks．
⑤I sincerely hope that you will take_my_suggestions_into_account/consideration(把我的建议考虑在内)．
?take...personally 把……放在心上
?take...seriously 认真对待……
?take it easy轻松点
?take...into account/consideration 把……考虑在内
?never take anything for granted 对任何事情都不要想当然
?take your education very seriously 认真对待教育
[名师点津] take...for granted 后接that从句作宾语时，常用it作形式宾语，构成take it for granted that...结构。
6 [教材原句]Visitors are often amazed to find themselves in an urban building that so truly captures the beauty of natural forms． 当置身于这样一座真实地捕捉到自然形态之美的城市建筑中时，参观者常常叹为观止。
①After I arrived in America，I found myself living(live) in a completely different culture．
②After wandering in the forest，we found ourselves lost(lose) in a strange path．
③She found it difficult to overcome her fear of speaking in public as a shy girl．
④He found having a good command of English of great importance．
⑤When he opened his eyes，he found_himself_standing_before_the_vast_blue_sea(发现自己正站在一片蔚蓝的大海前面)．
句中“find＋oneself＋宾语补足语”通常表示“(在事先毫无知觉的情况下)突然发现自己处于某种状态”。find的常见复合宾语结构：
?find＋宾语＋
?find＋it＋形容词/名词＋to do 发现/认为做某事……
She woke up and found herself in a hospital bed．
她醒来发觉自己躺在医院的床上。
7 [教材原句]While Tao's return to nature was a reaction to a lifestyle he was opposed to，Thoreau's was a personal decision to transform the way he lived． 陶渊明回归大自然是对自己反对的生活方式做出的一种反应， 而梭罗则是出于个人的决定而改变自己的生活方式。
①(2022·全国甲卷)While I was amused that he was an animal lover，I worried that three dogs were perhaps too many，and my dogs might attack Flora，the cat． 虽然，尽管
②While you're away, someone else is doing your work． 当……时候
③(2021·新高考卷Ⅰ)The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients，while a cheater might use it to control potential victims． 然而
④我不在的时候能请你帮我给植物浇浇水和照料一下狗吗？
Could_you_please_help_me_water_the_plants_and_take_care_of_the_dog，while I'm away？
?while引导让步状语从句时，意为“虽然，尽管”，该从句往往位于主句之前。
?while引导时间状语从句时，意为“当……时候”，从句谓语动词须用延续性动词。
?while引导条件状语从句时，意为“只要”。
?while作并列连词时，意为“而，然而”，表示对比，用来连接两个并列分句。
Online voting is beneficial to some people，while it puts others into a dilemma over whether to vote or not．
网络投票对一些人有利，却把其他人推到是否投票的尴尬境地。
Ⅰ．用所给词的正确形式填空
1．The employment (employ) rate has continued to rise in big cities thanks to the efforts of the local government．
2．There was no grief in his expression，only deep resignation(resign) because of the unfair treatment in the competition．
3．One night，she was sleeping heavily in bed when she found herself trapped(trap) in a big fire．
4．Take your education seriously(serious)．Your future depends on it．
5．If you experience any unusual symptoms after withdrawal(withdraw) of the treatment，contact your doctor．
6．She was_employed(employ) in reading，so she did not notice what was happening．
Ⅱ．在空白处填入一个适当的词
1．Some people waste food while others often go hungry．
2．The mother gently withdrew her hand from that of the sleeping child．
3．The man is full of wisdom and humorous，so I feel at ease with him．
4．Some of us always take it for granted that our parents or grandparents should take care of us．
Ⅰ．用所给词的正确形式填空
1．If you already have severe depressive(depress) symptoms，then seek help right away．
2．Jane was silent because she was reluctant to_put(put) her thoughts into words．
3．Many students have expressed doubts about the wisdom(wise) of artificial intelligence．
4．Although the job is very stressful，you can get great fulfilment(fulfill) and happiness from it．
Ⅱ．在空白处填入一个适当的词
1．In this way，we expressed thanks to our parents in return for their love．
2．We can draw some lessons for the future from this accident．
3．It takes 15 minutes to convert the plane into a car by removing the wings and the tail．
4．The designer took inspiration from his children's paintings and designed many toys based on them．
Ⅰ．熟词生义(选出黑体词在句中的汉语意思)
1．(2021·新高考卷Ⅰ)My life as a tax paying employed person began in middle school，when，for three whole days，I worked in a baking factory．B
A．使用，运用 B．雇用 C．忙于，从事
2．(2021·天津卷)Below are several tips to ease yourself into college life．C
A．缓解，缓和
B．小心缓慢地移动
C．使熟悉
3．(2020·天津卷)Dr．Rowan，whose secretary resigned two weeks ago，has had to do all his own typing．A
A．辞职 B．使自己顺从于(做)某事；安于
C．投降
Ⅱ．长难语句(分析句子的结构并翻译成汉语)
1．(2019·江苏卷)Chris and Tim offered us the answer: human beings took it for granted that their brains held all the solutions，but maybe their hearts can be a better guide．
本句的主干是Chris and Tim offered us the answer，冒号后面是answer的同位语。同位语中but连接两个并列分句，but前面的分句中it为形式宾语，替代that引导的宾语从句。
[尝试翻译]克里斯和蒂姆给我们提供了答案：人类想当然地认为他们的大脑掌握着所有的解决办法，但或许他们的内心才可以更好地引领他们。
2．(2013·江西卷)Sometimes what is taken for granted，like the setting up of a water purification plant or the administration of a school，could be useful for countries which are looking about to solve common problems．
本句是一个复合句，what is taken for granted为主语从句，which are looking about to solve common problems是定语从句，修饰先行词countries。
[尝试翻译]有时像建纯净水厂或者学校管理之类理所当然的(措施)，可能对于寻求解决共有问题的国家来说是有用的。
短文中黑体部分为本单元核心知识点，请在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并背诵该短文。
We are used 1．to what nature offers us and we may even take it for granted that we are 2．the masters of nature．3．Actually(actual)，many architects take 4．inspiration(inspire) from nature to make designs for architecture．And we regard this activity as biomimicry，which 5．shows(show) the connection between nature and human beings' art and science to create structures 6．based(base) on natural forms and processes．Among them the Algae House is a superb example，7．which is the world's first algae powered building located in Hamburg，Germany．Its surface is covered in panels 8．containing(contain) algae．The building therefore not only uses less energy，but reduces damage to the environment by generating 9．its(it) own renewable energy．Creating such buildings enables us to live in 10．closer(close) harmony with our environment．
用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识完成满分作文
大自然是人类出色的老师，但有些人不情愿甚至反对向大自然学习，认为人类的发明创造都是理所当然的。请你写一篇短文，发表自己的观点。
注意：词数80左右。
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【参考范文】
From the day of birth, in order to meet the needs of their own, human beings constantly take inspiration from nature and seek solutions to problems．
For example, people learned from bats to make radars, from spiders to improve building standards, and from dragonflies in ponds to improve the flight performance of airplanes．Nature is a superb teacher of human beings, but some people are reluctant to learn from nature, taking these inventions and creations for granted．Therefore, human beings should live in harmony with nature, which in return will bring us great benefits．
While human beings dominate the world, we should not violate the law of nature, otherwise we will be punished by it．
动作描写之各种哭泣(二)
Step 1．储备词汇(记牢本单元可用于描写的词汇)
积累 常诵 ①hold/fight back tears 抑制住泪水 ②burst into tears 放声大哭 ③cry bitter/lonely tears 流下痛苦/孤独的泪水 ④be wet with tears/be in tears 泪流满面 ⑤be close to tears 快哭了 ⑥be filled with/be full of tears 热泪盈眶 ⑦tears well up in one's eyes 热泪盈眶 ⑧tears roll/run/stream down one's cheeks 泪水滑落脸颊
Step 2．尝试练笔(翻译下面的续写语句)
用表示“哭”的表达和其他描写手法补全下列句子
①听到这个消息，这个女孩心痛如绞，她抽泣起来，哭个不停。
When the girl heard the news，her heart ached，and she_started_to_sob_and_sob，and_couldn't_stop_crying．(简单句)
②她痛苦地抽泣着，品尝着脸上流下的咸咸的泪水。
She sobbed bitterly，tasting the salt from the tears that_streamed_down_her_face．(定语从句)
③过了一会儿，她回头看他，双眼溢满了泪水。
a．After a while she turned round and looked at him，and her_eyes_were_full_of_tears．(简单句)
b．After a while she turned round to look at him，with_her_eyes_full_of_tears．(with复合结构)
④她一张口说话，泪水再次夺眶而出。
Her_tears_brimmed_over_again as she started to speak．(简单句)
⑤他忍住泪水，并试图安慰她。
He_held/fought_back_his_tears and tried to comfort her．(简单句)
⑥一个小时后，她回到自己屋中，又哭出来了。
An hour later，when she returned to her room，she_wept_again．(简单句)
⑦他静静地站在她的房间外，泪水顺着脸颊淌下来。
a．He stood silently outside her room，and tears_rolled_down_his_cheeks．(简单句)
b．He stood silently outside her room，tears_rolling_down_his_cheeks．(独立主格)
课时分层作业(三十五)
Ⅰ．阅读理解
(2022·河北省六校第一次联考)
The pandemic has changed life as we knew it just a few weeks ago．Millions of people worldwide are now under required or voluntary lockdown．All public attractions，including museums and aquariums，are closed，and the usually crowded streets of popular tourist destinations are empty．An unexpected silver lining during these challenging times for humans is that many animals are finally getting a chance to leave their normal habitats and move about freely．
The first animals to take advantage of human absence were Annie and Edward，two penguins who live at Chicago's Shedd Aquarium．A video released on March 15，2020，showed the couple eagerly duckwalking around，exploring the aquarium's various exhibits．The video，which instantly became popular，inspired other institutions to share short videos of their four legged creatures playing as well．
The Cincinnati Zoo in Ohio joined the fun trend on March 16，2020，with a “Home Safari” live stream series—the first starring its adorable baby panda，Fiona．“Let us help make your children's hiatus from school fun and educational，” zoo officials announced．“Join us for a Home Safari Online Live each weekday at 3 pm，where we will highlight one of our amazing animals and include an activity you can do from home．”
Meanwhile，the San Diego Safari Park has kept their webcams (网络摄像头) rolling，allowing fans to enjoy lovable animals without leaving home．Animals in the wild are also lively as humans stay indoors．The absence of cruise ships is bringing large numbers of dolphins to a port in Cagliari，while groups of wild turkeys are happily walking on the streets of Oakland．
Though the animals indeed appear to be having a good time，the heartwarming videos and images shared on social media，are also bringing much needed cheer to millions of humans worldwide．Stay strong and healthy! We are all in this together!
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。流行病改变了人们的生活，人们被要求闭户而居，大量的旅游景点被关闭。令人们意想不到的是，许多动物终于有机会离开它们正常的栖息地自由活动。这给疫情下封闭的世界带来了生机。
1．What changes has the pandemic caused to the zoo animals
A．They are now under required or voluntary lockdown．
B．They can enjoy a free life without tourists disturbance．
C．They will be faced with unexpected challenges．
D．They get a chance to wander about freely in the wild．
B [细节理解题。根据第一段尾句中的“many animals are...move about freely”可知，疫情给动物园的动物离开栖息地提供了机会，它们可以自由玩耍，不受游客干扰，故B项正确。该题容易错选成D项，选错的原因是忽略了题干中的“the zoo animals”，根据常识可知，动物园的动物在疫情期间不可能到野外自由活动。]
2．What does the underlined word “hiatus” in paragraph 3 mean
A．Course． B．Sightseeing．
C．Activity． D．Interruption．
D [词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“from school”和“Join us for...do from home．”可知，该直播系列节目旨在使你的孩子们不上课的这段时间变得有趣并有教育意义。据此可知，画线词义为“间歇，间断”，故D项正确。]
3．Why has the San Diego Safari Park kept its webcams rolling
A．To enable people to admire animals at home．
B．To film the animals wandering about in the zoo．
C．To compete for more viewers online．
D．To record people's life in the pandemic crisis．
A [细节理解题。根据第四段第一句中的“the San Diego Safari Park...without leaving home”可知，圣地亚哥野生动物园的网络摄像头一直在运行，旨在让人们足不出户就能欣赏到可爱的动物。故A项正确。]
(2022·重庆市学业质量调研抽测)
The amount of plastic pollution in the oceans is rapidly increasing．This is problematic，as at least 700 species of sea animals may mistake it for a tasty snack．While we know that some species seem to eat plastic because it looks like jellyfish or some other food sources，less research has been carried out into what plastic smells like to marine animals．
But now，a study from the University of North Carolina has found that the coating of algae that naturally builds up on ocean plastics causes the rubbish to give off the scent of food．
The researchers took 15 loggerhead turtles，each around five months old，and placed them in a laboratory tank．They then piped in clean water，clean plastic，turtle food，and plastic that had been immersed in the marine environment for five weeks．
The turtles showed no reaction to the smells of clean water or clean plastic．But when they were exposed to the smells of ocean soaked plastic or turtle food，they exhibited food seeking behaviors like reaching their noses out of the water or showing increasing activities．
“This finding is the first demonstration that the smell of ocean plastics causes animals to eat them，” said Dr．Kenneth J．Lohmann，who took part in the study．“It's common to find loggerhead turtles with their digestive systems fully or partially blocked because they've eaten plastic materials．There are also increasing reports of sea turtles that have become ill and stranded on the beach due to their ingestion of plastic．”
According to the researchers，areas of the ocean with dense concentrations of plastic may trick turtles and other animals into thinking that there is an abundant food source．“Once these plastics are in the oceans，we don't have a good way to remove them or prevent them from smelling like food，” said Lohmann．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。海洋塑料垃圾因气味被海洋生物误以为是食物而食用，这极大地危害了海洋生物的生存。但是，目前人类没有好的办法可以解决海洋生物误食塑料的问题，这就需要我们尽可能阻止塑料垃圾进入海洋。
4．Why is plastic pollution posing a threat to marine animals
A．The animals may eat up all jellyfish．
B．Marine animals may consider it as food．
C．It may kill them with its smell．
D．It may trap 700 species of sea animals．
B [细节理解题。根据第一段中的“This is problematic，as at least 700 species of sea animals may mistake it for a tasty snack．”可知，塑料污染给海洋动物带来的最大的威胁在于很多海洋生物会把塑料垃圾看作食物，故B项正确。]
5．What may attract the loggerhead turtles in the laboratory tank to search for food
A．Sea water．
B．Clear water．
C．Brand new plastic．
D．Sea soaked plastic．
D [细节理解题。根据第四段中的“But when they were exposed to the smells of ocean soaked plastic or turtle food，they exhibited food seeking behaviors like reaching their noses out of the water or showing increasing activities．”可知，实验显示最吸引海龟觅食的是浸泡过海水的塑料或龟粮，故D项正确。]
6．What can be inferred from Lohmann's words in the last paragraph
A．Turtles should be trained to be more intelligent．
B．Plastics should be kept from getting into the ocean．
C．An abundant food source should be offered to sea animals．
D．Researchers should come up with a solution to the current problem．
B [推理判断题。根据最后一段中Lohmann所说的话“Once these plastics are in the oceans，we don't have a good way to remove them or prevent them from smelling like food”可知，一旦塑料垃圾进入海洋，就没有办法去除它们或阻止它们闻起来像食物。据此可以推断，塑料垃圾应被阻止进入海洋，故B项正确。]
7．Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A．Ways Found to Remove Plastics
B．Loggerhead Turtles Faced with Food Shortage
C．Ocean Plastics Smell Like Food to Turtles
D．Plastic Pollution — Compromise or Control
C [标题归纳题。结合文章大意可知，本文介绍了海洋塑料垃圾散发出来的气味让海洋生物误以为它是食物而食用，从而对海洋生物的生存造成极大的伤害的现状，故C项最适合作本文的标题。]
(2022·南昌市摸底测试)
When you walk on a sandy beach，it takes more energy than walking down a sidewalk—because the weight of your body pushes into the sand．It turns out that the same thing is true for vehicles driving on roads．
“The weight of the vehicles creates a very shallow indentation (凹痕) in the pavement—like it's continuously driving up a very shallow hill，”said Jeremy Gregory，a scientist at MIT．He modeled with his teammates how much energy could be saved and how much greenhouse gases could be avoided by simply hardening the nation's roads and highways．
And they found that hardening 10 percent of the nation's roads every year could prevent the emission equal to 440 megatons of carbon dioxide over the next 5 decades—that amount is equal to how much CO2 you'd spare the planet by keeping a billion barrels of oil in the ground or by growing 7 billion trees for a decade．It reduces 0.5% of projected transportation emissions over that time period．
As for how to harden roads，Gregory says you could combine small amounts of certain fibre with high technology into paving materials．Or you could pave the roads with specially made concrete，which is harder than ordinary construction materials．
This system could also be a way to shave carbon emissions without some of the usual barriers．“Usually，when it comes to reducing emissions in the transportation sector，you're talking about changing policies related to vehicles and also driver behavior，which involves millions and millions of people—as opposed to changing the way we design and preserve our pavements．That's just on the order of thousands of people who are working in transportation agencies．” And when it comes to improving our streets and highways—those agencies are where you might say the rubber meets the road．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了麻省理工学院的科学家Jeremy Gregory和他的团队利用“在不够坚硬的路面上行驶会消耗更多的能量”这一规律，发现通过简单地硬化路面就可以减少温室气体的排放。
8．How does the author develop paragraph 3
A．By giving examples．
B．By making classification．
C．By listing figures．
D．By analyzing causes．
C [推理判断题。通过第三段中所列举的一些数字可知，本段是采用列数字的写作手法展开的。故C项正确。]
9．What does Gregory suggest for hardening roads
A．Mixing fibre with special concrete．
B．Changing regular paving materials．
C．Creating hi tech computer models．
D．Using ordinary building materials．
B [细节理解题。根据第四段中的“you could pave...ordinary construction materials．”可知，他建议用比普通的建筑材料更硬的特制混凝土铺路，即改变普通的铺路材料。故B项正确。]
10．What is an advantage of the road hardening system
A．It reduces construction costs．
B．It profits transportation agencies．
C．It regulates driver behavior．
D．It avoids involving too many people．
D [推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Usually，when it comes to...preserve our pavements．”可知，当人们谈到减少尾气排放时，其实是在谈论改变与交通工具相关的政策和司机行为，这牵涉很多人；而改变道路的设计和维护却恰恰相反，即硬化道路这一方法不会牵涉太多人。故D项正确。]
11．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．Walking Down Beaches or Sidewalks
B．Hardening Roads Helps Save Energy
C．How to Cut Down Carbon Emissions
D．A System of Hardening Roads
B [标题归纳题。本文主要讲述科学家发现了“在不够坚硬的路面上行驶会消耗更多的能量”这一规律，并通过模拟和实践证明硬化路面可以节省能量，减少温室气体的排放。故B项正确。]
Ⅱ．完形填空
(2022·武汉市高中毕业生调研考试)
I am a single father with two young daughters．It had been a(n) __1__ year: Being out of work __2__ me of a reliable income and thus I was always low on money．I hated to __3__ my girls．But as the New Year approached，with little choice，I was __4__ to tell the girls，“It looks like our gift will be the gift of our __5__ for each other．” Still，I couldn't stop feeling __6__．
Then，unexpectedly，a(n) __7__ occurred to me．I __8__ $1，000 in a contest．To give them a __9__， I kept it a secret and went shopping on my own．Back home I wrapped presents in the basement for my girls，all the time __10__，“How amazed they will be！” The next morning，to __11__ the gifts，I went to the living room and __12__．There were already dozens of presents—all with my name on them．My girls had felt __13__ that Dad wouldn't be getting any gifts，so they'd __14__ wrapped their favorite stuffed animals and other toys so that I would have a happy New Year．
As I stared at the gifts through __15__ eyes，I promised myself that this was the best New Year that I had ever had．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者是一个有两个女儿的单亲爸爸，但是失业让作者失去了稳定的收入。新年来临之际，作者不得不告诉孩子们，今年的礼物只能是彼此的爱了。没想到，作者后来在竞赛中得了奖金，于是，他偷偷地买了礼物想要给孩子们一个惊喜。而孩子们也精心给父亲准备了新年礼物——精心包装的玩具。
1．A．ordinary B．happy
C．typical D．rough
D [根据下文中的“Being out of work...was always low on money”可知，作者这一年过得很艰难。]
2．A．reminded B．robbed
C．informed D．convinced
B [根据句意可知，失业让作者失去了稳定的收入。rob sb．of sth．“剥夺某人某物”，故B项符合语境。remind sb．of sth．“使想起(类似的事物)”；inform sb．of sth．“通知某人某事”；convince sb．of sth．“使某人相信某事”。]
3．A．disappoint B．warn
C．push D．control
A [结合语境和常识可知，作者不愿意让孩子们失望。]
4．A．asked B．chosen
C．expected D．forced
D [根据上文中的“But as the New Year approached，with little choice”可知，随着新年的临近，作者几乎没有别的选择，只得被迫告诉孩子们真相。]
5．A．love B．request
C．respect D．pity
A [根据上文中的“Being out of work...was always low on money”可知，作者没有钱买礼物，所以只能让一家人分享彼此的爱。]
6．A．responsible B．panic
C．guilty D．pleased
C [根据上文可知，尽管作者很爱孩子们，但是没有钱给孩子们买礼物仍然让作者感到很内疚。]
7．A．idea B．miracle
C．opportunity D．failure
B [结合语境和常识可知，作者在竞赛中赢得了1 000美元，这真是一个奇迹。]
8．A．lost B．collected
C．donated D．won
D [参见上题解析。]
9．A．gift B．favor
C．surprise D．lesson
C [根据下文中的“I kept it a secret and went shopping on my own”再结合常识可知，作者将自己中奖的消息保密，自己去购物了，故此处是指作者想要给孩子们一个惊喜。]
10．A．wondering B．doubting
C．remembering D．thinking
D [结合上文可知，作者想要给孩子们一个惊喜，因此在包礼物的时候一直在想“她们将会多么惊讶”。]
11．A．lay out B．set up
C．hand over D．get together
A [结合语境和常识可知，第二天早上作者去客厅摆放礼物。lay out“摆放”；set up“安排，创建”；hand over“(把某事)交给……负责”；get together“开会，聚会”。]
12．A．hesitated B．froze
C．waited D．rested
B [根据语境和下文中的“There were already dozens of presents—all with my name on them．”可知，作者本来想给孩子们惊喜，却没想到孩子们给他准备了礼物，因此，作者惊呆了。freeze“惊呆”。]
13．A．thirsty B．cool
C．bad D．natural
C [根据下文中的“wrapped their favorite stuffed...a happy New Year”可知，孩子们为了让爸爸度过一个快乐的新年，便将她们最爱的玩具打包作为礼物送给爸爸。由此可推断，她们对于爸爸没有收到礼物感觉很糟糕。]
14．A．tightly B．carefully
C．slightly D．nervously
B [结合语境可知，作者一家相亲相爱，孩子们会认真地将自己的玩具打包好作礼物。]
15．A．burning B．charming
C．watery D．picky
C [根据语境和常识可知，面对如此懂事乖巧的女儿们，作者的眼眶湿润了。watery“含水的”；burning“强烈的，火辣辣的”；picky“挑剔的”。]
Ⅲ．应用文写作
(2022·辽宁省名校联盟3月联考)
假定你是李华，你的英国朋友Eric对你们学校如何上网课很感兴趣，请你给他写一封邮件，内容包括：
1．你校上网课使用的软件；
2．介绍这款软件；
3．使用效果。
注意：1．写作词数应为80左右；
2．开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。
Dear Eric，
I'm delighted to tell you something about how we have online classes．_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
Yours，
Li Hua
【参考范文】
Dear_Eric，
I'm_delighted_to_tell_you_something_about_how_we_have_online_classes．
We use Alibaba's communication app “DingTalk” for our e classes．Every day，we sign in and take classes based on our schedule．School notices，homework and videos can be sent to us by teachers on the platform．Our teachers often make eye catching and creative videos and show them to us，which is really a fun way to learn．
Most of us love having classes through “DingTalk”，which helps us finish our learning task as well as enrich our learning resources．
Hope you also enjoy your study．
Yours，
Li_Hua
