(共60张PPT)
教材知识讲练
选择性必修四册
Unit 1 Looking forwards
续写语料积累 背诵·句之美
1．(行为描写)(2022·济宁市模拟)I stormed to my bedroom, anger mounting up within me．
2．(心理描写)(2022·阜新市模拟)So many thoughts were rushing through my mind that I could not think straight．
3．(人物描写)(2022·浙大附中模拟)The little girl was maybe five or six with a pair of sparkling blue eyes．
续写语料积累 欣赏·语之秀
(2022·湖北省四校联考)How could I face being in that group—the boy who barely spoke English, the one girl who was always covered by skirts that went down to her ankles, and the other girl who was often wearing very strange and unusual clothes with fancy items．
语基自查自测·巩固验收
01
核
心
单
词
检
测 1．(2021·新高考卷Ⅱ)Come and work out with our _________(qualify) personal trainer，Jodie McGregor，on the grounds of the Middleton Lodge estate．
2．The more ____________(alternative)，the more difficult the choice will be．
3．Much to our surprise，many problems ___________(arise) ever since the host was replaced．
qualified
alternatives
have arisen
核
心
单
词
检
测 4．Nowadays the priority for travelling __________(shift) from shopping to food and scenery．
5．It might not be a perfect solution，but it's the best I can do under the _____________(circumstance)．
is shifted
circumstances
派生单词检测 1．I'm sure he is _________ to drive a car．He got his driving _____________ before he was _________ as a driver．(qualify)
2．The ___________ who wins will be given a gift as prize for the _____________．(participate)
3．The applicant speaks English ________，and her _______ in English made her stand out among other applicants．(fluent)
qualified
qualification
qualified
participant
participation
fluently
fluency
派生单词检测 4．The little boy _____ vinegar with sugar，and the _______ tasted not so bad．(mix)
5．Tom had a deep _________ for his grandpa，so he was deeply ________ by his grandpa's death．(affect)
mixed
mixture
affection
affected
高频短语检测 take action，make up one's mind，pass up，have second thoughts，put off，weigh up，on a daily basis
1．(2022·全国甲卷)We can't seem to _________________ whether we want a modern city or a traditional one．
2．(2020·北京卷)Now，lots of countries and regions are _____________ to ban the sale of such bags to stop people using them．
make up our minds
taking action
高频短语检测 3．When things aren't going well，he always encourages me，telling me not to _______．
4．You'd better ________ the advantages and disadvantages before you make the final decision．
5．He agreed to lend me some money yesterday，but now he ___________________．
pass up
weigh up
has second thoughts
重点句式检测 1．无论她说什么都不会对我们的安排有影响。(主语从句)
_________________ will not make any difference to our arrangements．
2．一听到那个令人兴奋的消息，她就高兴地跳了起来。(on doing sth．)
____________________________，she jumped with joy．
Whatever she says
On hearing the exciting news
重点句式检测 3．那秘书工作了整整一天，看上去疲惫不堪。(动词 ing形式的完成式作状语)
_____________________________，the secretary looked exhausted．
Having worked for a whole day
考点探究归纳·多维讲练
02
词法探究
句法探究
1 alternative [课本义]n．可供选择的事物 [增补义]adj．可供替代的；供选择的
练中回想——语法填空
①(2022·全国乙卷)There are ____________(alternative) to constant written communication，such as leaving voice messages or having a group chat．
alternatives
②Natural gas is another abundant fuel that experts consider an alternative __ gasoline．
③We could take the train or _____________(alternative) go by plane．
to
alternatively
完美写作——行为描写续写佳句
④Sometimes，in order to succeed，____________________________________________________________________(我们别无选择只能勇敢地直面失败并从中吸取教训)．
we have no alternative but to face
failure bravely and learn from it
练后归纳——搭配拓展
?an alternative to ……的替代品
?have no alternative but to do sth．别无选择只好做某事
?have the alternative of doing sth．有做某事的选择
?alternatively adv．可供选择地；或者
语料输入——必备素材
?use as many alternative energy resources as possible 尽可能多地使用替代能源
?an alternative to traditional teaching methods 传统的教学方法的替代者
2 arise [课本义]v．(由……)引起 [增补义]v．发生，出现；起身；起床
①______ in a poor family，he found everything in the outside world ②_______ his curiosity．However，as time went by，many problems ③_____．When the sun ④____ in the east，he ⑤__________ from his bed and began to deal with them．
Raised
aroused
arose
rose
arose/rose
完美写作——求助信佳句
⑥I'm writing to ask you for help ____________________________________________________________________(因为在改编短剧的过程中出现了未料到的困难)．
because unexpected difficulties arose
in the course of adaptation for a short play
练后归纳——搭配拓展
?arise from/out of...由……产生/引起
?rise(rose，risen，rising)v．升起；起身；增长；上升
?raise(raised，raised，raising)v．举起；唤起；提高；饲养
?arouse(aroused，aroused，arousing)v．唤醒；激起
语料输入——必备素材
?injuries arising from a road accident 道路交通事故造成的伤害
?arise at dawn every day 每天黎明即起
3 circumstance[课本义]n．情况，情形 [增补义]n．条件，状况(常用复数形式)
练中回想——语法填空
①Our _____________(circumstance) are so desperate that it is uncertain whether we will ever return alive．
②________ any circumstances，his carelessness can result in serious accidents．
circumstances
Under/In
完美写作——记叙文佳句
③______________________________________(我绝对没有料到) that I would meet so many problems when I decided to take the job．(倒装句)
Under/In no circumstances did I expect
练后归纳——搭配拓展
?in/under...circumstances 在……情况下
?under/in no circumstances 决不，无论如何不(置于句首时句子要部分倒装)
语料输入——必备素材
?depend on your financial circumstances 根据你的经济状况
?regardless of climatic circumstances 无论气候状况如何
4 make up one's mind 做出决定，拿定主意
练中回想——语法填空
①(2021·北京卷)My first impression of the organization was that it was not going to make enough of a difference with the plans I had __ mind．
②(2020·天津5月卷)My grandmother helped me believe that I could accomplish whatever I put my mind __．
③I think it's high time that you made up your mind _________(choose) a career．
in
to
to choose
完美写作——应用文佳句
④_________________________________(我下定决心更加努力地学习) rather than waste precious time on something useless．
I made up my mind to study harder
练后归纳——搭配拓展
?make up one's mind to do sth．下定决心做某事
?change one's mind改变主意
?bear/keep...in mind 记住……
?have...in mind 考虑；打算……
?cross/come to one's mind 某人想到
?read one's mind 看出某人的心思
?put one's mind to 全神贯注；专心致志
语料输入——必备素材
?can't persuade him to change his mind 不能说服他改变主意
?keep/bear his kindness and help in mind forever 永远把他的善意和帮助记在心里
5 put off 推迟……，使……延期
练中回想——语法填空
①(2021·全国甲卷)One of the ground rules of the swap should be that everyone must try on the clothes before they take them—things always look different when you put them __．
on
②(2021·新高考卷Ⅰ)The next minute，the porridge boiled over and put ___ the fire．
③(2020·天津卷)We can't put off ______(buy) a new printer for our company．The one we have doesn't work．
完美写作——应用文佳句
④_______________________________________________(我们将把在公园里的野餐推迟到下周)，when the weather may be better．
out
buying
We will put off the picnic in the park until next week
练后归纳——搭配拓展
?put off doing sth．推迟做某事
?put forward 提出(意见、建议)
?put on 穿上；上演
?put away 将……收起，储存
?put up with 容忍，忍受
?put down 放下；写下；镇压
?put aside 储存……备用；留下……供专用
?put out 扑灭
?put up 搭建，提高，张贴
?put through 接通(电话)；完成
语料输入——必备素材
?put off their wedding 把他们的婚期推迟
?put off going to the dentist 推迟看牙医
6 [教材原句]Having set himself this goal，he wrote novels and short stories based on his personal experiences of the First World War，the Spanish Civil War，bullfighting and deep sea fishing，amongst others．
在立下这一目标后，他根据自己在第一次世界大战、西班牙内战、斗牛表演和深海捕鱼等的亲身经历，创作了许多长篇和短篇小说。
练中回想——语法填空
①(2020·天津5月卷)_________(complete) in 1931，the Empire State Building，the highest skyscraper until 1954，inspired the imagination of the world．
②_____________(work) for two weeks，Tom still didn't finish his report before the deadline．
③______(see) those pictures，she remembered her childhood．
Completed
Having worked
Seeing
完美写作——记叙文佳句
④________________________________(大学毕业后)，he went to America for further education and gained a doctor's degree．
Having graduated from university
三层固基达标训练
03
层级一
层级二
层级三
Ⅰ．用所给词的正确形式填空
1．We will have to put off _____(go) on vacation until you are better．
2．Therefore，we have to meet the challenges _______(arise) out of the globalization．
3．______________(arrive) early for his date，Mark spent time reading the newspaper．
going
arising
Having arrived
4．The agency will make travel arrangements for you．_____________
(alternative)，you can organize your own transport．
5．What I care about is whether my parents can make up their minds _____(go) on the journey．
6．Our school has recently obtained the latest multimedia equipment，allowing students to learn efficiently under special _____________(circumstance)．
Alternatively
to go
circumstances
Ⅱ．在空白处填入一个适当的词
1．It is believed that accidents often arise ____ carelessness in our daily life．
2．________ the circumstances，it seems better not to tell him about the accident．
3．The Internet also provides us with a cheap alternative __ communicating with others．
4．We put ___ the conference in order to better cope with the complex situation．
from
Under/In
to
off
Ⅰ．用所给词的正确形式填空
1．(2022·全国甲卷)We continued _______(date)，though neither of us brought up the future．
2．(2022·新高考卷Ⅱ)We offer scholarships to low income schools and youth organizations，subject to availability．_____________(participate) in a post visit survey is required．
to date
Participation
3．(2020·天津卷)_________(detect) Ashley Jones works at a police department in England．
4．Hearing the news，she felt a strange _______(mix) of excitement and fear．
Detective
mixture
Ⅱ．在空白处填入一个适当的词
1．It is a pity that you should pass __ such a good opportunity to go to university．
2．The boy wanted to join the club but was turned ____ because he was too young．
3．It is important to weigh __ the pros and cons before the final decision is made．
4．I will take a leaf ____ his book，for it's clear to see how he learned to become a fluent English speaker．
up
down
up
from
Ⅰ．熟词生义(选出黑体词在句中的汉语意思)
1．(2022·新高考卷Ⅰ)It's jaw dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away—from “ugly”(but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans．_
A．拒绝接受 B．不录用 C．(因质量差而)废弃
C
2．(2022·新高考卷Ⅰ)Now a team of researchers led by Damián Blasi at the University of Zurich, Switzerland，has found how and why this trend arose．_
A．(由……)引起 B．出现，产生 C．起床
B
Ⅱ．长难语句(分析句子的结构并翻译成汉语)
(2021·北京卷)In pre Classical Greece，for instance，people“corrected”official calendars by shifting dates forward or backward to reflect the change of season．
化繁为简本句是一个复杂的简单句，by shifting dates forward or backward为“by doing”结构作____，to reflect the change of season为不定式短语作________。
[尝试翻译]例如在古希腊，人们通过向前或向后调整日期以反映季节的变化来“纠正”官方的日历。
状语
目的状语
三维提能培优训练
04
维度一
维度二
维度三
短文中黑体部分为本单元核心知识点，请在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并背诵该短文。
My biggest 1．________(ambitious) in my boyhood was to be a correspondent and to be able to cover events around the world．To this end，I made up my mind 2．________(study) hard and actively participated in various activities organized by the school．Fortunately，
ambition
to study
I 3．____________ (admit) to journalism major by a famous university．During my college life，I didn't pass 4．__ any chance to study and exercise，and tried to make myself a 5．__________(qualify) journalist．6．_______，after graduation，my parents insisted that I become a writer because I was good at writing detective stories and 7．__________(history) novels．Faced with two alternatives，I was in 8．_ dilemma．In the 9．_____________(circumstance)，I weighed
was admitted
up
qualified
However
historical
a
circumstances
up and decided to accept my parents' advice．After years of hard work，many of my works 10．___________________(publish) and I have made great achievements in the field of literature．
have been published
用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识完成满分作文
假定你是李华，暑假在伦敦学习，得知当地美术馆要举办中国画展览。请写一封信申请做志愿者，内容包括：
1．写信目的；
2．个人优势；
3．能做的事情。
注意：词数80左右。
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
Dear Sir/Madam，
Hearing that the Chinese Painting Exhibition will be held in your art gallery，I'm writing to apply to be a volunteer for it after weighing up for several days．
I'm confident that I am qualified for this job，because I have learned Chinese painting since boyhood．Besides，I am fluent in both Chinese and English，which helps me introduce Chinese paintings whenever and wherever possible．If I am lucky enough to gain admission as a volunteer，I can show visitors around the gallery and get them to know how to appreciate Chinese paintings．
I would be very grateful if you could not turn down my application．I'm looking forward to your reply．
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
动作描写之“说”
Step 1．储备词汇(记牢本单元可用于描写的词汇)
积累
常诵 ①ask问 ②answer/reply 回答
③announce/declare 宣布 ④add 补充说
⑤whisper 小声说 ⑥murmur 喃喃地说
⑦sigh 叹气 ⑧cry 喊 ⑨shout 大叫
⑩scream 尖叫 roar 大声说，吼叫
Step 2．尝试练笔(翻译下面的续写语句)
用表示“说”的表达和其他描写手法补全下列句子
①我走向收银台，心怦怦直跳。我付了三件小东西的钱，正准备离开，这时我感到有人重重地拍了拍我的肩膀。
__________________________________________．I paid for three small items and was about to leave when I felt a heavy tap on my shoulder．
I headed for the register，my heart beating rapidly
②是个大侦探。“你偷了东西。你会被搜查的。”他宣布说。
It was a big detective．“____________________________________，”
he announced．
③我吓坏了，把书从衬衣里悄悄拿出来递了过去。
__________，I slid the book out from inside the shirt and handed it over．
You stole something．You will be searched
Frightened
④“百科全书？”他有点吃惊地问。
“An encyclopedia？” ____________________________．
⑤“嗯。”我颤抖着小声说。
“Yes，”______________________．
⑥ “为什么不叫你父母买呢？”他接着问。
He asked again，“________________________________________？”
he asked，somewhat surprised
I whispered，trembling
Why didn't you ask your parents to purchase it
⑦我喃喃地说：“我让他们买了，但他们没钱。”
__________，“I did，but they didn't have the money．”
⑧他叹了口气道：“告诉你父母你的过错。” 接着说我可以走了。
_________，“Tell your parents about your wrongdoing．”_________________________．
I murmured
He sighed
Adding that
I could leave续写语料积累 背诵·句之美 欣赏·语之秀
1．(行为描写)(2022·济宁市模拟)I stormed to my bedroom, anger mounting up within me． 2．(心理描写)(2022·阜新市模拟)So many thoughts were rushing through my mind that I could not think straight． 3．(人物描写)(2022·浙大附中模拟)The little girl was maybe five or six with a pair of sparkling blue eyes． (2022·湖北省四校联考)How could I face being in that group—the boy who barely spoke English, the one girl who was always covered by skirts that went down to her ankles, and the other girl who was often wearing very strange and unusual clothes with fancy items．
核心单词检测 1．(2021·新高考卷Ⅱ)Come and work out with our qualified(qualify) personal trainer，Jodie McGregor，on the grounds of the Middleton Lodge estate． 2．The more alternatives(alternative)，the more difficult the choice will be． 3．Much to our surprise，many problems have_arisen(arise) ever since the host was replaced． 4．Nowadays the priority for travelling is_shifted(shift) from shopping to food and scenery． 5．It might not be a perfect solution，but it's the best I can do under the circumstances(circumstance)．
派生单词检测 1．I'm sure he is qualified to drive a car．He got his driving qualification before he was qualified as a driver．(qualify) 2．The participant who wins will be given a gift as prize for the participation．(participate) 3．The applicant speaks English fluently，and her fluency in English made her stand out among other applicants．(fluent) 4．The little boy mixed vinegar with sugar，and the mixture tasted not so bad．(mix) 5．Tom had a deep affection for his grandpa，so he was deeply affected by his grandpa's death．(affect)
高频短语检测 take action，make up one's mind，pass up，have second thoughts，put off，weigh up，on a daily basis
1．(2022·全国甲卷)We can't seem to make_up_our_minds whether we want a modern city or a traditional one． 2．(2020·北京卷)Now，lots of countries and regions are taking_action to ban the sale of such bags to stop people using them． 3．When things aren't going well，he always encourages me，telling me not to pass_up． 4．You'd better weigh_up the advantages and disadvantages before you make the final decision． 5．He agreed to lend me some money yesterday，but now he has_second_thoughts．
重点句式检测 1．无论她说什么都不会对我们的安排有影响。(主语从句) Whatever_she_says will not make any difference to our arrangements． 2．一听到那个令人兴奋的消息，她就高兴地跳了起来。(on doing sth．) On_hearing_the_exciting_news，she jumped with joy． 3．那秘书工作了整整一天，看上去疲惫不堪。(动词 ing形式的完成式作状语) Having_worked_for_a_whole_day，the secretary looked exhausted．
1 alternative [课本义]n．可供选择的事物 [增补义]adj．可供替代的；供选择的
①(2022·全国乙卷)There are alternatives(alternative) to constant written communication，such as leaving voice messages or having a group chat．
②Natural gas is another abundant fuel that experts consider an alternative to gasoline．
③We could take the train or alternatively(alternative) go by plane．
④Sometimes，in order to succeed，we_have_no_alternative_but_to_face_failure_bravely_and_learn_from_it(我们别无选择只能勇敢地直面失败并从中吸取教训)．
?an alternative to ……的替代品
?have no alternative but to do sth．别无选择只好做某事
?have the alternative of doing sth．有做某事的选择
?alternatively adv．可供选择地；或者
?use as many alternative energy resources as possible 尽可能多地使用替代能源
?an alternative to traditional teaching methods 传统的教学方法的替代者
2 arise [课本义]v．(由……)引起 [增补义]v．发生，出现；起身；起床
①Raised in a poor family，he found everything in the outside world ②aroused his curiosity．However，as time went by，many problems ③arose．When the sun ④rose in the east，he ⑤arose/rose from his bed and began to deal with them．
⑥I'm writing to ask you for help because_unexpected_difficulties_arose_in_the_course_of_adaptation_for_a_short_play(因为在改编短剧的过程中出现了未料到的困难)．
?arise from/out of...由……产生/引起
?rise(rose，risen，rising)v．升起；起身；增长；上升
?raise(raised，raised，raising)v．举起；唤起；提高；饲养
?arouse(aroused，aroused，arousing)v．唤醒；激起
?injuries arising from a road accident 道路交通事故造成的伤害
?arise at dawn every day 每天黎明即起
3 circumstance[课本义]n．情况，情形 [增补义]n．条件，状况(常用复数形式)
①Our circumstances(circumstance) are so desperate that it is uncertain whether we will ever return alive．
②Under/In any circumstances，his carelessness can result in serious accidents．
③Under/In_no_circumstances_did_I_expect(我绝对没有料到) that I would meet so many problems when I decided to take the job．(倒装句)
?in/under...circumstances 在……情况下
?under/in no circumstances 决不，无论如何不(置于句首时句子要部分倒装)
?depend on your financial circumstances 根据你的经济状况
?regardless of climatic circumstances 无论气候状况如何
4 make up one's mind 做出决定，拿定主意
①(2021·北京卷)My first impression of the organization was that it was not going to make enough of a difference with the plans I had in mind．
②(2020·天津5月卷)My grandmother helped me believe that I could accomplish whatever I put my mind to．
③I think it's high time that you made up your mind to_choose(choose) a career．
④I_made_up_my_mind_to_study_harder(我下定决心更加努力地学习) rather than waste precious time on something useless．
?make up one's mind to do sth．下定决心做某事
?change one's mind改变主意
?bear/keep...in mind 记住……
?have...in mind 考虑；打算……
?cross/come to one's mind 某人想到
?read one's mind 看出某人的心思
?put one's mind to 全神贯注；专心致志
?can't persuade him to change his mind 不能说服他改变主意
?keep/bear his kindness and help in mind forever 永远把他的善意和帮助记在心里
5 put off 推迟……，使……延期
①(2021·全国甲卷)One of the ground rules of the swap should be that everyone must try on the clothes before they take them—things always look different when you put them on．
②(2021·新高考卷Ⅰ)The next minute，the porridge boiled over and put out the fire．
③(2020·天津卷)We can't put off buying(buy) a new printer for our company．The one we have doesn't work．
④We_will_put_off_the_picnic_in_the_park_until_next_week(我们将把在公园里的野餐推迟到下周)，when the weather may be better．
?put off doing sth．推迟做某事
?put forward 提出(意见、建议)
?put on 穿上；上演
?put away 将……收起，储存
?put up with 容忍，忍受
?put down 放下；写下；镇压
?put aside 储存……备用；留下……供专用
?put out 扑灭
?put up 搭建，提高，张贴
?put through 接通(电话)；完成
?put off their wedding 把他们的婚期推迟
?put off going to the dentist 推迟看牙医
6 [教材原句]Having set himself this goal，he wrote novels and short stories based on his personal experiences of the First World War，the Spanish Civil War，bullfighting and deep sea fishing，amongst others． 在立下这一目标后，他根据自己在第一次世界大战、西班牙内战、斗牛表演和深海捕鱼等的亲身经历，创作了许多长篇和短篇小说。
①(2020·天津5月卷)Completed(complete) in 1931，the Empire State Building，the highest skyscraper until 1954，inspired the imagination of the world．
②Having_worked(work) for two weeks，Tom still didn't finish his report before the deadline．
③Seeing(see) those pictures，she remembered her childhood．
④Having_graduated_from_university(大学毕业后)，he went to America for further education and gained a doctor's degree．
?having done是动词 ing形式的完成式，通常作时间或原因状语，其动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。
?v． ing形式短语表示的动作与谓语动词同时发生。
?过去分词作状语，表示被动关系， 不强调明显的时间先后。
From then on，I became one of its keen readers，never missing a single issue of it．
从那时起，我成了它的忠实读者之一，从未错过任何一期。
Ⅰ．用所给词的正确形式填空
1．We will have to put off going(go) on vacation until you are better．
2．Therefore，we have to meet the challenges arising(arise) out of the globalization．
3．Having_arrived(arrive) early for his date，Mark spent time reading the newspaper．
4．The agency will make travel arrangements for you．Alternatively(alternative)，you can organize your own transport．
5．What I care about is whether my parents can make up their minds to_go(go) on the journey．
6．Our school has recently obtained the latest multimedia equipment，allowing students to learn efficiently under special circumstances(circumstance)．
Ⅱ．在空白处填入一个适当的词
1．It is believed that accidents often arise from carelessness in our daily life．
2．Under/In the circumstances，it seems better not to tell him about the accident．
3．The Internet also provides us with a cheap alternative to communicating with others．
4．We put off the conference in order to better cope with the complex situation．
Ⅰ．用所给词的正确形式填空
1．(2022·全国甲卷)We continued to_date(date)，though neither of us brought up the future．
2．(2022·新高考卷Ⅱ)We offer scholarships to low income schools and youth organizations，subject to availability．Participation(participate) in a post visit survey is required．
3．(2020·天津卷)Detective(detect) Ashley Jones works at a police department in England．
4．Hearing the news，she felt a strange mixture(mix) of excitement and fear．
Ⅱ．在空白处填入一个适当的词
1．It is a pity that you should pass up such a good opportunity to go to university．
2．The boy wanted to join the club but was turned down because he was too young．
3．It is important to weigh up the pros and cons before the final decision is made．
4．I will take a leaf from his book，for it's clear to see how he learned to become a fluent English speaker．
Ⅰ．熟词生义(选出黑体词在句中的汉语意思)
1．(2022·新高考卷Ⅰ)It's jaw dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away—from “ugly”(but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans．C
A．拒绝接受 B．不录用 C．(因质量差而)废弃
2．(2022·新高考卷Ⅰ)Now a team of researchers led by Damián Blasi at the University of Zurich, Switzerland，has found how and why this trend arose．B
A．(由……)引起 B．出现，产生 C．起床
Ⅱ．长难语句(分析句子的结构并翻译成汉语)
(2021·北京卷)In pre Classical Greece，for instance，people“corrected”official calendars by shifting dates forward or backward to reflect the change of season．
本句是一个复杂的简单句，by shifting dates forward or backward为“by doing”结构作状语，to reflect the change of season为不定式短语作目的状语。
[尝试翻译]例如在古希腊，人们通过向前或向后调整日期以反映季节的变化来“纠正”官方的日历。
短文中黑体部分为本单元核心知识点，请在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并背诵该短文。
My biggest 1．ambition(ambitious) in my boyhood was to be a correspondent and to be able to cover events around the world．To this end，I made up my mind 2．to_study(study) hard and actively participated in various activities organized by the school．Fortunately，I 3．was_admitted (admit) to journalism major by a famous university．During my college life，I didn't pass 4．up any chance to study and exercise，and tried to make myself a 5．qualified_(qualify) journalist．6．However，after graduation，my parents insisted that I become a writer because I was good at writing detective stories and 7．historical(history) novels．Faced with two alternatives，I was in 8．a dilemma．In the 9．circumstances(circumstance)，I weighed up and decided to accept my parents' advice．After years of hard work，many of my works 10．have_been_published(publish) and I have made great achievements in the field of literature．
用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识完成满分作文
假定你是李华，暑假在伦敦学习，得知当地美术馆要举办中国画展览。请写一封信申请做志愿者，内容包括：
1．写信目的；
2．个人优势；
3．能做的事情。
注意：词数80左右。
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
Dear Sir/Madam，
Hearing that the Chinese Painting Exhibition will be held in your art gallery，I'm writing to apply to be a volunteer for it after weighing up for several days．
I'm confident that I am qualified for this job，because I have learned Chinese painting since boyhood．Besides，I am fluent in both Chinese and English，which helps me introduce Chinese paintings whenever and wherever possible．If I am lucky enough to gain admission as a volunteer，I can show visitors around the gallery and get them to know how to appreciate Chinese paintings．
I would be very grateful if you could not turn down my application．I'm looking forward to your reply．
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
动作描写之“说”
Step 1．储备词汇(记牢本单元可用于描写的词汇)
积累 常诵 ①ask问 ②answer/reply 回答 ③announce/declare 宣布 ④add 补充说 ⑤whisper 小声说 ⑥murmur 喃喃地说 ⑦sigh 叹气 ⑧cry 喊 ⑨shout 大叫 ⑩scream 尖叫 roar 大声说，吼叫
Step 2．尝试练笔(翻译下面的续写语句)
用表示“说”的表达和其他描写手法补全下列句子
①我走向收银台，心怦怦直跳。我付了三件小东西的钱，正准备离开，这时我感到有人重重地拍了拍我的肩膀。
I_headed_for_the_register，my_heart_beating_rapidly．I paid for three small items and was about to leave when I felt a heavy tap on my shoulder．
②是个大侦探。“你偷了东西。你会被搜查的。”他宣布说。
It was a big detective．“You_stole_something．You_will_be_searched，”he announced．
③我吓坏了，把书从衬衣里悄悄拿出来递了过去。
Frightened，I slid the book out from inside the shirt and handed it over．
④“百科全书？”他有点吃惊地问。
“An encyclopedia？” he_asked，somewhat_surprised．
⑤“嗯。”我颤抖着小声说。
“Yes，”I_whispered，trembling．
⑥ “为什么不叫你父母买呢？”他接着问。
He asked again，“Why_didn't_you_ask_your_parents_to_purchase_it？”
⑦我喃喃地说：“我让他们买了，但他们没钱。”
I_murmured，“I did，but they didn't have the money．”
⑧他叹了口气道：“告诉你父母你的过错。” 接着说我可以走了。
He_sighed，“Tell your parents about your wrongdoing．”Adding_that_I_could_leave．
课时分层作业(三十七)
Ⅰ．阅读理解
(2022·湖南省六校联考)
Wherever on the globe she may be，humanitarian Elizabeth Nyamayaro keeps close to her native Africa by carrying a yellow dress．“It reminds me of the bright，beautiful African sky I used to see in my small village，”she tells People．Nyamayaro's life path wasn't always so high profile．Growing up，she assumed she'd spend her life contributing to her village，and farming in the fields like the other women around her．But a chance encounter with a United Nations worker that came amid a severe drought altered that path forever．
“I will never forget that day，” Nyamayaro says．“A child dies from hunger every five seconds，and I almost became one of those children．A severe drought had hit our village when I turned 8 years old and suddenly，my paradise changed overnight and there was nothing to eat or drink．I thought I was going to die．It felt like there was no way of getting out of this．But then this incredible thing happened．An African，who was a United Nations humanitarian，found me，and gave me a bowl of porridge that saved my life．” The chance encounter provided more than just lifesaving nourishment —it opened the door as to what could be possible for her，who immediately set her sights on working for the United Nations just like her savior．
“I thought I want to be like her，so that one day I can change the lives of others．I'm so grateful for that moment which was very devastating，because it gave my life so much meaning and purpose．The woman showed me what was possible．Sometimes one moment can really change your entire life．”
Just as the United Nations worker opened her eyes to opportunities previously unknown，Nyamayaro hopes girls from Africa can do the same for children growing up in villages just like her，as she knows her story is not unique．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。Nyamayaro 8岁那年，一场严重的旱灾袭击了她的家乡，来自联合国的一位非洲的慈善工作人员救助了她，改变了她的人生轨迹。从此，Nyamayaro立志也要成为一名慈善家，去帮助更多需要帮助的人。
1．Why is a yellow dress mentioned in paragraph 1
A．It stands for her bright future．
B．It highlights her personal preference．
C．It is related to the scenery of her hometown．
D．It is the lucky color of her hometown．
C [推理判断题。根据第一段中的“It reminds me of the bright，beautiful African sky I used to see in my small village”可知，答案应选C。]
2．Why did Nyamayaro want to be a humanitarian
A．To get rid of the poverty as soon as possible．
B．To shoulder the responsibility of helping others．
C．To seek for chances to broaden her mind．
D．To set an example for the whole country．
B [细节理解题。根据第三段中的“I thought I want to be like her，so that one day I can change the lives of others．”可知，她希望承担起自己的责任，帮助更多的人。因此选B。]
3．What can we learn from the text
A．Fame is a great thirst of the young．
B．Success means getting persons' desires satisfied．
C．Ups and downs make one strong．
D．Where there's a will，there's a way．
D [推理判断题。综合文章叙述可知，本文讲述Elizabeth Nyamayaro的成长经历，她从自身的经历推己及人，去帮助更多的人，最终也获得了成功，因此选D。A项“年轻人渴望名誉”；B项“成功意味着满足人的愿望”；C项“起起伏伏使人强大”。]
(2022·绵阳市第二次诊断性考试)
Only 366 North Atlantic right whales are left，representing a shocking 8% decline in a single year and the lowest number in about 20 years for this famous species．Human impacts—specifically fishing nets and ship strikes—remain the biggest threats to the survival of this species in eastern Canada and the United States．
North Atlantic right whales have been in decline since 2011 when the species was at an estimated 481 whales．In the past decade，the species has decreased by 30%．Recent research shows these threats are affecting their overall health with less energy to devote toward growth and reproduction (繁殖)，and body lengths reducing over the past four decades．Researchers estimate there are fewer than 100 breeding (繁育的) females alive and more than 86% of identified whales had been entangled (被网困住) at least once in their lifetime．
There is still hope: in 2021，scientists tracked 18 mother kid pairs，a number that is cause for optimism—though still well below the annual average of 23 pairs from the previous decade．
Industry representatives，government agencies，and organizations，including WWF，gathered in October 2011 at the annual North Atlantic Right Whale Consortium meeting to discuss and arrange right whale conservation efforts in the US and Canada．
“It's going to be challenging，but everyone involved in right whale conservation believes we can create an environment where right whales can bounce back，” said Chris Johnson，the global leader for WWF's Protecting Whales and Dolphins initiative．“However，it's going to take significant investment and the greatest urgency and commitment to create conditions where we prevent entanglements and collisions with ships in the whales' critical habitats．”
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了北大西洋露脊鲸令人担忧的濒危现状以及人类为保护它们所做出的努力。
4．Which of the following best describes the right whale population
A．Well conserved．
B．Slowly decreasing．
C．Rapidly growing．
D．Critically endangered．
D [推理判断题。由第一段中的“Only 366 North...this famous species．”和第二段中的“In the past decade，the species has decreased by 30%．”可知，北大西洋露脊鲸的现状不乐观，它们处于濒危的边缘，故选D项。]
5．What does Chris Johnson say about the right whale conservation
A．It needs the government to ban fishing in certain areas．
B．It will not work without funds from the government．
C．It can help increase the number of right whales．
D．It is not practical and will fail eventually．
C [细节理解题。由最后一段中的“It's going to...can bounce back”可知，应该选C项，C项中的increase the number与关键信息中的bounce back相吻合。]
6．What can we learn about female right whales
A．Most of them have never been entangled．
B．Mother right whales may have slightly decreased．
C．There are more female right whales than male right whales．
D．Their population has decreased by 30% in the past decade．
B [细节理解题。由第三段中的“in 2021，scientists ...the previous decade”可知，应选B项，B项中的“may have slightly decreased”与关键信息中的“well below the annual average of 23 pairs from the previous decade”相吻合。]
7．What can be inferred about the right whale species
A．Their size has been decreasing due to climate changes．
B．They may have found home in other parts of the ocean．
C．They were hunted by people for their meat in the past．
D．They are well on the way to dying out if not well protected．
D [推理判断题。由第一段第一句给出的现存北大西洋露脊鲸的数量以及文中提到的北大西洋露脊鲸的减少情况可推知，北大西洋露脊鲸的现状堪忧，这一物种处于濒危的边缘，如果不加以合理的保护，它们很有可能会灭绝，D项与此相符合。]
(2022·马鞍山市教学质量监测)
In 2007，the African Union announced an ambitious project — to plant the Great Green Wall (GGW)，a band of trees that would stretch the length of the Sahel．
The GGW is an ecological restoration project designed by African people for African people．Heavy rain，droughts，wildfire and landslides have all become common throughout the world．But nowhere is quite like the Sahel．In this huge African region，climate change has materialized in a dramatic manner．In some cases，the severe conditions have left people with no option other than to migrate elsewhere to survive．It was with all of this in mind that the extraordinary，but heavily debated project was first put forward．
Fourteen years have passed since the initiative formally kicked off．The stated goal was to create a 15 kilometre wide，8，000 kilometre long green belt of trees and other plants that，by 2030，would span (跨越) the entire width of the Sahel，from Senegal to Djibouti．Overall，100 million hectares (公顷) of land would be restored by 2030．It was announced that once completed，the wall could end up capturing (俘获) 250 million tones of carbon dioxide，while its creation and upkeep could create ten million jobs in rural areas．
Coming to the whole project，there's still a long way to go．According to a status report by the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification，about four million hectares of degraded land have been restored．This means that progress towards the 100 million hectares target stands at just four per cent．
“When we started restoring the soil，we realized the area at risk was much wider than we initially thought，”explains Elvis Paul Tangem，the African Union's GGW coordinator．“We had few funds to push the initiative as much as we wanted to．There was skepticism among investors，who didn't understand the project，but also among the African states themselves，which needed time to figure out if the GGW was a priority．”
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。大雨、干旱、野火和山体滑坡导致非洲萨赫勒地区生存条件恶劣，为此非洲联盟宣布在2030年之前在该地区建立一条15千米宽、8 000千米长的树木和其他绿色植物的绿化带。
8．What is the purpose of the GGW project
A．To improve the local ecology．
B．To develop the rural economy．
C．To predict climate patterns．
D．To strengthen regional ties．
A [细节理解题。根据第二段的“The GGW is ...for African people．”可知，打造绿色长城项目旨在改善非洲当地的生态环境。]
9．What do the statistics in paragraph 3 show about the initiative
A．The service period．
B．The total budget．
C．The target groups．
D．The expected benefits．
D [细节理解题。通读第三段可知，建成绿色长城后，到2030年总共将有1亿公顷的土地被恢复，将收集2.5亿吨二氧化碳，为农村地区创造1 000万个就业岗位。由此可知，第三段提及的数据说明了该项计划的预期收益。]
10．How does Elvis Paul Tangem feel about the project
A．Skeptical． B．Worried．
C．Confident． D．Satisfied．
B [推理判断题。根据最后一段Elvis Paul Tangem所说的话“We had few ...was a priority．”可知，Elvis Paul Tangem认为他们没有足够的资金来推动这项计划；投资者中存在怀疑，他们不理解这个项目；非洲国家自己也存在怀疑，他们需要时间来弄清楚GGW是否是优先项目。由此可推知，Elvis Paul Tangem很担心该计划。]
11．What message does the author intend to convey in the text
A．African countries should stand together．
B．The progress of the GGW project is slow．
C．Fighting climate change is our top priority．
D．Natural disasters are worse than we thought．
B [推理判断题。通读第四段可知，从整体来看这个项目还有很长的路要走；根据《联合国防治荒漠化公约》的一份现状报告，大约400万公顷的退化土地已经恢复，这意味着，实现1亿公顷目标的进展仅为4%。由此可推知，绿色长城项目的进展比较缓慢。]
Ⅱ．完形填空
(2022·厦门市第二次质量检测)
I love and enjoy playing the piano．So when the recital(音乐演奏会) was __1__， I was disappointed．I had expected it for long and already __2__ my best songs．
However，Mom turned this __3__ into something worthwhile．“You should__4__ at Carriage House Manor & The Cottages．I'm sure the __5__ there would really appreciate the music．” To me，this was a win win situation because not only would I play more songs，but I had the chance to __6__ the residents，some of whom tragically didn't have families．
The much anticipated day __7__arrived．Stepping into the dining area，I saw several gray haired people seemingly enjoying a dinner and the__8__．Despite ongoing conversations at tables，__9__ still hung like a dark cloud in the room．After introductions，I sat down in front of the piano，butterflies in my stomach．But my __10__ melted away as I played on．
The dinner hour flew by．One woman got up and began to cheerfully __11__ in the room to the beat of the __12__ while others snapped their fingers (弹指头)．I was __13__ to see how music brought big smiles to their faces．
Calling off the recital was a blessing because it led me to __14__the gift of music with those who needed it most．Go and spread __15__ whenever possible．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者喜欢弹钢琴。当听到期盼已久的音乐演奏会被取消的时候，作者感到非常失望。后来，在妈妈的建议下，作者去Carriage House Manor & The Cottages演奏，为孤独的老人带来了欢乐。
1．A．cancelled B．sponsored
C．organized D．postponed
A [根据最后一段的“Calling off the recital”可知，音乐演奏会被取消了。cancel“取消”；sponsor“赞助”；organize“组织”；postpone“推迟”。故选A。]
2．A．recorded B．prepared
C．composed D．sung
B [根据语境可知，作者期待这个音乐演奏会很久了，已经准备了(prepared)自己最好的(演奏)歌曲。故选B。]
3．A．burnout B．letdown
C．getaway D．turnaround
B [根据上文中的“disappointed”可知，妈妈把作者的失望(letdown)变成了值得的事情。故选B。]
4．A．relax B． investigate
C．perform D．wait
C [根据前文的内容可知，作者期待这个音乐演奏会很久了，已经准备了自己最好的(演奏)歌曲。妈妈建议作者去Carriage House Manor & The Cottages表演(perform)准备好的歌曲。investigate“调查”。故选C。]
5．A．seniors B．nurses
C．guards D．musicians
A [根据第三段中的“several gray haired people”可知，Carriage House Manor &The Cottages里住着老年人(seniors)。故选A。]
6．A．cheer up B．settle down
C．comment on D．hunt for
A [根据上文中的“this was a win win situation”和下文中的“how music brought big smiles to their faces”可知，作者可以通过演奏歌曲让老年人高兴起来(cheer up)。故选A。]
7．A．simply B．accidentally
C．finally D．nearly
C [根据上文可知，作者期待为老年人演奏的那一天终于(finally)到来了。故选C。]
8．A．freedom B．vacation
C．company D．privilege
C [根据上文中的“I saw several gray haired people seemingly enjoying a dinner”可知，作者准备演奏的时间恰好是一些头发花白的老人享受晚餐和陪伴(company)的时间。故选C。]
9．A．silence B．horror
C．confusion D．loneliness
D [根据“some of whom tragically didn't have families”可知，其中一些人没有家人。由此可推知，尽管餐桌上的谈话不断，但孤独(loneliness)仍像乌云一样笼罩着这间屋子。故选D。]
10．A．desperation B．nervousness
C．frustration D．embarrassment
B [根据前文的“After introductions，I sat down in front of the piano，butterflies in my stomach”可知，作者刚开始演奏时很紧张。作者继续演奏时，紧张感(nervousness)消失了。故选B。]
11．A．spin B．wander
C．dance D．glance
C [根据“One woman got up”和“others snapped their fingers”及常识可知，这名女士站起来随着音乐的节拍跳舞。故选C。]
12．A．drums B．hearts
C．words D．music
D [参见上题解析。]
13．A．determined B．upset
C．curious D．amazed
D [根据“see how music brought big smiles to their faces”可知，老人们的脸上绽放着笑容让作者感到惊奇。故选D。]
14．A．carry B．exchange
C．discuss D．share
D [根据“Calling off the recital was a blessing”可知，作者把音乐这份礼物分享(share)给最需要的人。故选D。]
15．A．faith B．kindness
C．belief D．awareness
B [根据全文内容尤其是“a blessing”可知，作者觉得音乐演奏会的取消是一件好事，因为这让作者把音乐分享给了真正需要的人，因此作者认为无论什么时候，只要有可能，尽可能去传播善良。故选B。]
Ⅲ．应用文写作
(2022·湖北省十一校第一次联考)
假如你是李华，你的外国网友Jack沉迷于短视频不能自拔，写信向你求助，请你给他回一封电子邮件。内容包括：
1．表示理解与关心；
2．分析短视频对我们的生活造成的不良影响；
3．提出具体建议。
注意：1．词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jack，
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
I do hope my suggestions will be helpful to you．Looking forward to your good news．
Best wishes!
Yours，
Li Hua
【参考范文】
Dear_Jack，
On hearing that you have been addicted to short video recently，I feel terribly sorry and can't wait to write this email in reply to your problem．
Actually，it is commonly seen that a growing number of teenagers get crazy about short video，spending plenty of time watching and sharing videos online，which makes it hard for them to focus on study．
However，actions must be taken before things get worse．In my opinion，you'd better try and develop other hobbies．Besides，communicating with friends face to face will do the trick．Only in this way will you shift your attention and form good habits．
I_do_hope_my_suggestions_will_be_helpful_to_you．Looking_forward_to_your_good_news．
Best_wishes!
Yours，
Li_Hua
