(共60张PPT)
教材知识讲练
选择性必修三册
Unit 5 Into the unknown
续写语料积累 背诵·句之美
1．(行为描写)(2022·黄冈中学适应性考试)She asked her grandfather, with a puzzled frown on her face．
2．(心理描写)(2022·青岛市质量检测)Time was literally flying faster than you could blink．
3．(人物描写)(2022·佛山市质量检测)She was like a brilliant sun．
续写语料积累 欣赏·语之秀
(2022·枣庄市模拟)He lived happily in a beautiful family．His children grew up and moved to different cities in pursue of a good career and future．He lived in a small village carrying the memories of his deceased wife．
语基自查自测·巩固验收
01
核
心
单
词
检
测 1．The whole thing develops into an unpleasant scene，which _____(ruin) everyone's day．
2．_______(bury) his face in his hands，he tried to control his weeping in front of family．
3．All __________(substance) are made of atoms whether they are solid，liquid or gas．
ruins
Burying
substances
核
心
单
词
检
测 4．She claimed that she was unfairly _________(dismiss) from her post．
5．I wish that sports day could ____________(abandon)and replaced with some other less competitive event．
dismissed
be abandoned
派生单词检测 1．He is an ____________ and will carry out a thorough _____________ into the accident．(investigate)
2．This _________ boy was __________ himself to taking drugs．(abandon)
3．He was threatened with _________ if he continued to turn up late for work，that is，he would be at risk of being _________ by the company．(dismiss)
investigator
investigation
abandoned
abandoning
dismissal
dismissed
派生单词检测 4．The city has been _________ rapidly，whose _________ has brought damage to the natural surroundings．(expand)
5．We live in a _________ society and enjoy the technology of modern ____________．(civilize)
expanding
expansion
civilized
civilization
高频短语检测 correspond to，all the more，check out，test the waters，set out，throw oneself into，look into
1．(2021·新高考卷Ⅱ)To _________ the case，Wang disguised(伪装) himself and joined the beggars．
2．(2021·天津卷)I didn't mind having a tense relationship with my brother because I was involved at school．In particular，I _________________ the world of musicals．
look into
threw myself into
高频短语检测 3．(2020·浙江1月卷)She wished me to have my own library card to _________ books for myself．
4．I decided I wanted to _______________ in a few different companies before deciding on where I wanted to work．
5．The written record of his conversation didn't _____________ what was actually said．
check out
test the waters
correspond to
重点句式检测 1．现在你没必要告诉我你的答案。思考一下，然后告诉我。(there be句型)
___________________________________ your answer now．Give it some thought and then let me know．
2．沿途全是参天大树，其中一些大约有一百年的历史。(倒装句)
_______________________________________，some of them with a history of around 100 years．
There is no need for you to tell me
Along the road are thick and tall trees
重点句式检测 3．你经历过一些尴尬的时刻吗？如果有的话，你愿意和我们分享它们吗？( 条件状语从句的省略)
Have you ever experienced some embarrassing moments ______，would you like to share them with us？
If any
考点探究归纳·多维讲练
02
词法探究
句法探究
1 bury [课本义]v．将……埋在下面 [增补义]v．掩藏，遮盖；使沉浸，使专心
练中回想——语法填空
①He stood on the sidewalk with his hands ______(bury) in the pockets of his dark overcoat．
②The girl was sitting on the bench in the park，_______(bury) her head in the book in her hands．
buried
burying
完美写作——句式升级
Because he buried himself in his book，he didn't know it was raining outside．
③___________________________，he didn't know it was raining outside．(v． ing形式作状语)
④__________________，he didn't know it was raining outside．(过去分词作状语)
Burying himself in his book
Buried in his book
练后归纳——搭配拓展
?bury one's head/face in one's hands用手捂住头/脸
?be buried in ＝bury oneself in埋头于；专心于
?be buried in thought 沉思
语料输入——必备素材
?bury his head in the sand 逃避现实
?bury her face in her hands with embarrassment 她尴尬地得双手掩面
[名师点津] 表示“专注于，致力于，埋头于”的短语还有：be devoted to；be absorbed in；be lost in；concentrate on；focus on；fix one's attention on等。
2 ruin [课本义]n．残垣断壁，废墟 [增补义]n．&v．毁坏；毁灭
练中回想——语法填空
①The earthquake in Tangshan caused great damage，leaving the city in _____ (ruin)．
②Because of the fire，all the people left and the whole village has fallen ____ ruin．
ruins
into
完美写作——续写佳句之行为描写
③Having suffered from two big fires，the castle ________________________________________________________________(已经破败不堪了)．
has fallen into ruin/has
been in ruins/has been reduced to ruins
练后归纳——搭配拓展
?in ruins 严重受损，破败不堪
?fall into ruin 衰落，败落
?be reduced to ruins 沦为废墟
?ruin one's health/fame/future 毁坏某人的健康/名誉/前途
语料输入——必备素材
ruin our friendship 破坏了我们的友谊
3 abandon [课本义]v．离弃，逃离 [增补义]v．放弃；遗弃；抛弃；中止 n．放任；放纵
练中回想——语法填空
①(2022·全国乙卷)The one in the new environment should be sympathetic to the fact that your friend may feel _________(abandon)．
②I will never abandon ________(reach) the top of the “mountain” because I want to be successful in life．
③At the party，people sang and danced ____ abandon，totally forgetting the troubles in their lives．
abandoned
reaching
with
完美写作——续写佳句之行为描写
④__________________________________________________(沉湎于丢了猫的悲伤中)，Steven just couldn't help crying．
Abandoning himself to the sorrow of losing his cat
练后归纳——搭配拓展
?abandon doing sth．放弃做某事
?abandon oneself to doing sth．沉湎于做某事；放纵(感情)于做某事
?with abandon 纵情；放任地
?abandoned adj．被遗弃的；放纵的
语料输入——必备素材
?abandon our car and walk the rest of the way 我们弃车走完最后的路
?abandon himself to playing computer games 他沉湎于玩电子游戏
4 set out [课本义]动身踏上(漫长的)旅途 [增补义]展开工作；阐述；陈列
练中回想——语法填空
①(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)The next morning he hired a boat and set out _______(find) the well known painter．
②(2020·天津卷)He convinced the police department to allow him to set __ a couple of “chat benches” in two of their local parks．
to find
up
完美写作——一句多译
在政府的帮助下，人们开始创建他们的新家园。
③People ________________________________ with the help of the government．(set out)
④People __________________________________ with the help of the government．(set about)
set out to build their new homes
set about building their new homes
练后归纳——搭配拓展
?set out for 动身去某处
?set out to do sth．＝set about doing sth．开始做某事
?set aside 存储；留出
?set up 建立；创立
?set down 放下；记下
?set off 动身，出发；启程；燃放(烟火等)；引发
语料输入——必备素材
?set out on the last stage of their journey 动身踏上他们的最后一段行程
?set off a heated discussion 引起一场热烈争论
5 [教材原句]Lying under waters across the globe are an estimated three million shipwrecks．
全球水域下沉睡着约三百万艘沉船残骸。
练中回想——语法填空
①At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and Jialing River ____(lie) Chongqing，one of the largest cities in China．
②As soon as the bell rang，out ______(rush) the children．
③Present at the evening party ___(be) our English teacher yesterday．
④________ (stand) beside the table was his sister．
lies
rushed
was
Standing
完美写作——句式升级
⑤They arrived at an old church．A big crowd of people stood in front of the old church．
→They arrived at an old church，_____________________________________________．(含有定语从句的倒装句)
in front of which stood a big crowd of
people
练后归纳——句法分析
全部倒装的条件：
?表示地点、方位或时间的副词，如here，there，in，out，up，down，away，now，then 等以及表示方位的介词短语位于句首时。
?谓语动词一般为be动词或lie，come，go，stand等表示位移的动词。
?形容词/分词位于句首也可构成全部倒装。
语料输入——高考写作佳句背诵
Into the complete silence of the waiting class came the teacher's sweet voice，“Good morning，children．”
在全班同学的等待中传来了老师甜甜的嗓音：“孩子们，早上好。”
6 [教材原句]Today，some 500 years after the Esmeralda set sail，there is little—if any—land on our planet left unexplored．
如今，距离“埃斯梅拉达”号起航已有差不多500年，我们星球上尚未被人类探索的土地——如果有的话——已经少之又少了。
练中回想——语法填空
①(2020·天津卷)Has it been a while since your last visit to a public library If __，you may be surprised to learn that libraries have changed for the better．
②You must attend the lecture on time if ________(inform) of it．
③You will find yourself upset by traffic jams if ______(live) in the centre of the city，especially during the rush hour．
so
informed
living
完美写作——应用文佳句
④___________(如果可能的话)，I will visit my uncle when I go to Shanghai on business．
⑤____________(如果有必要)，you can turn to me for help at any time．
If possible
If necessary
练后归纳——句法分析
?在if引导的状语从句中如果含有系动词be的某种形式，且从句的主语与主句主语一致或从句的主语是it时，从句的主语和系动词be可以省略。
?常见if构成的其他省略形式：if so如果这样的话；if not如果不这样的话；if necessary如果有必要的话；if any如果有的话；if ever如果曾经有的话。
语料输入——高考写作佳句背诵
If the steps you take are working，keep it up．If not，take another look at other methods you could try．
如果你采取的措施有效，继续坚持。如果无效，那就看一下其他你可以尝试的方法。
三层固基达标训练
03
层级一
层级二
层级三
Ⅰ．用所给词的正确形式填空
1．Just in front of our house ______(stand) a tall tree with a history of 1，000 years，which is protected by the government now．
2．They transformed an _________(abandon) factory into a lab，in which they carry on their research．
stands
abandoned
3．This country was once proud of its education system，but now it seems to be in _____(ruin)．
4．They found the remains of buildings ______(bury) under the sand，together with a lot of treasure．
5．The government abandoned ________(carry) out the plan because of the lack of money．
6．Armed with the information you have gathered，you can set out __________(prepare) your business plan．
ruins
buried
carrying
to prepare
Ⅱ．在空白处填入一个适当的词
1．When setting ___ on a long walk，please remember to wear suitable boots．
2．Please check over the speech draft and correct the mistakes，if ___．
3．Buried __ his study，he didn't realize that all the others had left．
4．The fans cheered ____ abandon when their football team won．
out
any
in
with
Ⅰ．用所给词的正确形式填空
1．(2020·天津5月卷)History is an essential part of human ____________(civilize)．
2．The proposed new structure is _______(note) not only for its height，but for its shape．
civilization
notable
3．The police carried out a thorough _____________(investigate) about the accident．
4．I am convinced that a rise in the temperature of the gas results in its _________(expand)．
investigation
expansion
Ⅱ．在空白处填入一个适当的词
1．(2021·天津卷)Take some time to check ___ the buildings where your classes will be held．
2．(2020·江苏卷)In Juan's world，___ unknown and undiscovered was vast and marvelous．
3．The description of these events corresponds closely __ other accounts written at the time．
4．A team of scientists are sent to look ____ the possibilities of wind generated electricity．
out
the
to
into
Ⅰ．熟词生义(选出黑体词在句中的汉语意思)
1．(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)Who hasn't received an email so annoying that it ruined an entire day _
A．废墟 B．破坏
C．使破产，使垮台
B
2．(2020·江苏卷)LoveFone，a company that advocates repairing cellphones rather than abandoning them，opened a mini workshop in a London phone box in 2016．_
A．逃离 B．遗弃
C．丢弃
3．(2020·天津5月卷)But the more time I spent hidden away，the more my comfort zone shrank．_
A．退缩，畏缩 B．缩小
C．下降
C
B
Ⅱ．长难语句(分析句子的结构并翻译成汉语)
1．(2020·新高考卷Ⅱ)Readers are encouraged to continue exploring the digital world with the guidance of our Further Resources section featured in each volume．
化繁为简本句中to continue exploring the digital world 是不定式短语作__________，with the guidance of our Further Resources section为介词短语作____，featured in each volume为过去分词短语作________，修饰Further Resources section。
[尝试翻译]鼓励读者继续探索数字世界，并在每一卷的参考资料部分提供指导。
主语补足语
状语
后置定语
2．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Despite the celebrations，though，in the U．S．the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older，and the music has failed to connect with younger generations．
化繁为简本句由and连接两个并列分句，Despite the celebrations为介词短语作____。
[尝试翻译]然而，尽管有这样的庆祝会，但是在美国，爵士乐的听众继续减少且老龄化，这种音乐没能获得年轻人的青睐。
状语
三维提能培优训练
04
维度一
维度二
维度三
短文中黑体部分为本单元核心知识点，请在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并背诵该短文。
While 1．______(dive) in the deep water of a trench，some divers happened to find a whole city 2．______(bury) beneath the waves as well as a wreck of a ship，3．_____ was full of corals．This discovery intrigued some archaeologists．They immediately 4．_____ (throw)themselves into studying the history of the city and how it fell
diving
buried
which
threw
5．____ ruin．In the middle of the 6．_____________ (investigate)，they suddenly found some mysterious creatures swimming around 7．____(they)．They subdued their fear and continued to study．But with the expansion of the number of these strange 8．_________(creature)，they found it not safe to continue staying in 9．___ water．Thinking twice，they decided to abandon the city as well as the ship and 10．_______(retreat)．After all，life is the most important．
into
investigation
them
creatures
the
retreat
用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识完成满分作文
尽管我们对宇宙有了较深的认识，但是对海底的了解还是十分有限的。请你写一篇短文，就海底探索提出自己的观点。
注意：词数80左右。
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
Although we have had more detailed maps of the universe, the fact that we still have limited knowledge of the sea bed under the vast waters of the oceans upsets many scientists．
In reality, why there exists life in the dark zones of the oceans, despite the high pressure, darkness, and extreme cold is still unknown to us．Furthermore, the oceans are a valuable source of natural resources．With international cooperation, humans are throwing themselves into diving deeper and deeper into the oceans with the help of modern vessels, taking deep sea exploration into a whole new era．
There is no need to worry about whether we will reach the unknown．Because we will definitely make it in the future．
烘托轻松愉悦情感的环境描写
完成下列有关环境细节描写的句子
①夏日周六的早晨，阳光明媚，生机勃勃。
It was Saturday morning，and _________________________________________，filled with life．
②我们坐在草地上欣赏着美丽的大自然。
We sat on the grass，____________________________．(现代分词作状语)
all the summer world was bright and
fresh
enjoying the beautiful nature
③景色出奇的美——阳光温暖、空气清新、泉水清澈。
_____________________________________—the warm sunshine，the fresh air，the clear water．
④树叶似乎更绿了，花儿更鲜艳了，鸟儿比以前更快乐了。
The leaves seemed greener, ____________________________________than ever before．(省略结构)
The views were surprisingly beautiful
the flowers brighter，the birds merrier
⑤公园的角落里繁花盛开。
___________________________________________________________
(there be 句型)
⑥空气中满是怡人的花香。多么香甜！
________________________________________________．How sweet!
⑦大家满心欢喜、喜气洋洋。
There was a song in every heart．_____________________________．
(同结构并列句)
There were various flowers blooming in the corner of the park．
The air was filled with the pleasant smell of flowers
There was cheer in every face续写语料积累 背诵·句之美 欣赏·语之秀
1．(行为描写)(2022·黄冈中学适应性考试)She asked her grandfather, with a puzzled frown on her face． 2．(心理描写)(2022·青岛市质量检测)Time was literally flying faster than you could blink． 3．(人物描写)(2022·佛山市质量检测)She was like a brilliant sun． (2022·枣庄市模拟)He lived happily in a beautiful family．His children grew up and moved to different cities in pursue of a good career and future．He lived in a small village carrying the memories of his deceased wife．
核心单词检测 1．The whole thing develops into an unpleasant scene，which ruins(ruin) everyone's day． 2．Burying(bury) his face in his hands，he tried to control his weeping in front of family． 3．All substances(substance) are made of atoms whether they are solid，liquid or gas． 4．She claimed that she was unfairly dismissed(dismiss) from her post． 5．I wish that sports day could be_abandoned(abandon)and replaced with some other less competitive event．
派生单词检测 1．He is an investigator and will carry out a thorough investigation into the accident．(investigate) 2．This abandoned boy was abandoning himself to taking drugs．(abandon) 3．He was threatened with dismissal if he continued to turn up late for work，that is，he would be at risk of being dismissed by the company．(dismiss) 4．The city has been expanding rapidly，whose expansion has brought damage to the natural surroundings．(expand) 5．We live in a civilized society and enjoy the technology of modern civilization．(civilize)
高频短语检测 correspond to，all the more，check out，test the waters，set out，throw oneself into，look into
1．(2021·新高考卷Ⅱ)To look_into the case，Wang disguised(伪装) himself and joined the beggars． 2．(2021·天津卷)I didn't mind having a tense relationship with my brother because I was involved at school．In particular，I threw_myself_into the world of musicals． 3．(2020·浙江1月卷)She wished me to have my own library card to check_out books for myself． 4．I decided I wanted to test_the_waters in a few different companies before deciding on where I wanted to work． 5．The written record of his conversation didn't correspond_to what was actually said．
重点句式检测 1．现在你没必要告诉我你的答案。思考一下，然后告诉我。(there be句型) There_is_no_need_for_you_to_tell_me your answer now．Give it some thought and then let me know． 2．沿途全是参天大树，其中一些大约有一百年的历史。(倒装句) Along_the_road_are_thick_and_tall_trees，some of them with a history of around 100 years． 3．你经历过一些尴尬的时刻吗？如果有的话，你愿意和我们分享它们吗？( 条件状语从句的省略) Have you ever experienced some embarrassing moments If_any，would you like to share them with us？
1 bury [课本义]v．将……埋在下面 [增补义]v．掩藏，遮盖；使沉浸，使专心
①He stood on the sidewalk with his hands buried(bury) in the pockets of his dark overcoat．
②The girl was sitting on the bench in the park，burying(bury) her head in the book in her hands．
Because he buried himself in his book，he didn't know it was raining outside．
③Burying_himself_in_his_book，he didn't know it was raining outside．(v． ing形式作状语)
④Buried_in_his_book，he didn't know it was raining outside．(过去分词作状语)
?bury one's head/face in one's hands用手捂住头/脸
?be buried in ＝bury oneself in埋头于；专心于
?be buried in thought 沉思
?bury his head in the sand 逃避现实
?bury her face in her hands with embarrassment 她尴尬地得双手掩面
[名师点津] 表示“专注于，致力于，埋头于”的短语还有：be devoted to；be absorbed in；be lost in；concentrate on；focus on；fix one's attention on等。
2 ruin [课本义]n．残垣断壁，废墟 [增补义]n．&v．毁坏；毁灭
①The earthquake in Tangshan caused great damage，leaving the city in ruins (ruin)．
②Because of the fire，all the people left and the whole village has fallen into ruin．
③Having suffered from two big fires，the castle has_fallen_into_ruin/has_been_in_ruins/has_been_reduced_to_ruins(已经破败不堪了)．
?in ruins 严重受损，破败不堪
?fall into ruin 衰落，败落
?be reduced to ruins 沦为废墟
?ruin one's health/fame/future 毁坏某人的健康/名誉/前途
ruin our friendship 破坏了我们的友谊
3 abandon [课本义]v．离弃，逃离 [增补义]v．放弃；遗弃；抛弃；中止 n．放任；放纵
①(2022·全国乙卷)The one in the new environment should be sympathetic to the fact that your friend may feel abandoned(abandon)．
②I will never abandon reaching(reach) the top of the “mountain” because I want to be successful in life．
③At the party，people sang and danced with abandon，totally forgetting the troubles in their lives．
④Abandoning_himself_to_the_sorrow_of_losing_his_cat(沉湎于丢了猫的悲伤中)，Steven just couldn't help crying．
?abandon doing sth．放弃做某事
?abandon oneself to doing sth．沉湎于做某事；放纵(感情)于做某事
?with abandon 纵情；放任地
?abandoned adj．被遗弃的；放纵的
?abandon our car and walk the rest of the way 我们弃车走完最后的路
?abandon himself to playing computer games 他沉湎于玩电子游戏
4 set out [课本义]动身踏上(漫长的)旅途 [增补义]展开工作；阐述；陈列
①(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)The next morning he hired a boat and set out to_find(find) the well known painter．
②(2020·天津卷)He convinced the police department to allow him to set up a couple of “chat benches” in two of their local parks．
在政府的帮助下，人们开始创建他们的新家园。
③People set_out_to_build_their_new_homes with the help of the government．(set out)
④People set_about_building_their_new_homes with the help of the government．(set about)
?set out for 动身去某处
?set out to do sth．＝set about doing sth．开始做某事
?set aside 存储；留出
?set up 建立；创立
?set down 放下；记下
?set off 动身，出发；启程；燃放(烟火等)；引发
?set out on the last stage of their journey 动身踏上他们的最后一段行程
?set off a heated discussion 引起一场热烈争论
5 [教材原句]Lying under waters across the globe are an estimated three million shipwrecks． 全球水域下沉睡着约三百万艘沉船残骸。
①At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and Jialing River lies(lie) Chongqing，one of the largest cities in China．
②As soon as the bell rang，out rushed(rush) the children．
③Present at the evening party was(be) our English teacher yesterday．
④Standing (stand) beside the table was his sister．
⑤They arrived at an old church．A big crowd of people stood in front of the old church．
→They arrived at an old church，in_front_of_which_stood_a_big_crowd_of_people．(含有定语从句的倒装句)
全部倒装的条件：
?表示地点、方位或时间的副词，如here，there，in，out，up，down，away，now，then 等以及表示方位的介词短语位于句首时。
?谓语动词一般为be动词或lie，come，go，stand等表示位移的动词。
?形容词/分词位于句首也可构成全部倒装。
Into the complete silence of the waiting class came the teacher's sweet voice，“Good morning，children．”
在全班同学静静的等待中传来了老师甜甜的嗓音：“孩子们，早上好。”
6 [教材原句]Today，some 500 years after the Esmeralda set sail，there is little—if any—land on our planet left unexplored． 如今，距离“埃斯梅拉达”号起航已有差不多500年，我们星球上尚未被人类探索的土地——如果有的话——已经少之又少了。
①(2020·天津卷)Has it been a while since your last visit to a public library If so，you may be surprised to learn that libraries have changed for the better．
②You must attend the lecture on time if informed(inform) of it．
③You will find yourself upset by traffic jams if living(live) in the centre of the city，especially during the rush hour．
④If_possible(如果可能的话)，I will visit my uncle when I go to Shanghai on business．
⑤If_necessary(如果有必要)，you can turn to me for help at any time．
?在if引导的状语从句中如果含有系动词be的某种形式，且从句的主语与主句主语一致或从句的主语是it时，从句的主语和系动词be可以省略。
?常见if构成的其他省略形式：if so如果这样的话；if not如果不这样的话；if necessary如果有必要的话；if any如果有的话；if ever如果曾经有的话。
If the steps you take are working，keep it up．If not，take another look at other methods you could try．
如果你采取的措施有效，继续坚持。如果无效，那就看一下其他你可以尝试的方法。
Ⅰ．用所给词的正确形式填空
1．Just in front of our house stands(stand) a tall tree with a history of 1，000 years，which is protected by the government now．
2．They transformed an abandoned(abandon) factory into a lab，in which they carry on their research．
3．This country was once proud of its education system，but now it seems to be in ruins(ruin)．
4．They found the remains of buildings buried(bury) under the sand，together with a lot of treasure．
5．The government abandoned carrying(carry) out the plan because of the lack of money．
6．Armed with the information you have gathered，you can set out to_prepare(prepare) your business plan．
Ⅱ．在空白处填入一个适当的词
1．When setting out on a long walk，please remember to wear suitable boots．
2．Please check over the speech draft and correct the mistakes，if any．
3．Buried in his study，he didn't realize that all the others had left．
4．The fans cheered with abandon when their football team won．
Ⅰ．用所给词的正确形式填空
1．(2020·天津5月卷)History is an essential part of human civilization(civilize)．
2．The proposed new structure is notable(note) not only for its height，but for its shape．
3．The police carried out a thorough investigation(investigate) about the accident．
4．I am convinced that a rise in the temperature of the gas results in its expansion(expand)．
Ⅱ．在空白处填入一个适当的词
1．(2021·天津卷)Take some time to check out the buildings where your classes will be held．
2．(2020·江苏卷)In Juan's world，the unknown and undiscovered was vast and marvelous．
3．The description of these events corresponds closely to other accounts written at the time．
4．A team of scientists are sent to look into the possibilities of wind generated electricity．
Ⅰ．熟词生义(选出黑体词在句中的汉语意思)
1．(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)Who hasn't received an email so annoying that it ruined an entire day B
A．废墟 B．破坏
C．使破产，使垮台
2．(2020·江苏卷)LoveFone，a company that advocates repairing cellphones rather than abandoning them，opened a mini workshop in a London phone box in 2016．C
A．逃离 B．遗弃
C．丢弃
3．(2020·天津5月卷)But the more time I spent hidden away，the more my comfort zone shrank．B
A．退缩，畏缩 B．缩小
C．下降
Ⅱ．长难语句(分析句子的结构并翻译成汉语)
1．(2020·新高考卷Ⅱ)Readers are encouraged to continue exploring the digital world with the guidance of our Further Resources section featured in each volume．
本句中to continue exploring the digital world 是不定式短语作主语补足语，with the guidance of our Further Resources section为介词短语作状语，featured in each volume为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰Further Resources section。
[尝试翻译]鼓励读者继续探索数字世界，并在每一卷的参考资料部分提供指导。
2．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Despite the celebrations，though，in the U．S．the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older，and the music has failed to connect with younger generations．
本句由and连接两个并列分句，Despite the celebrations为介词短语作状语。
[尝试翻译]然而，尽管有这样的庆祝会，但是在美国，爵士乐的听众继续减少且老龄化，这种音乐没能获得年轻人的青睐。
短文中黑体部分为本单元核心知识点，请在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并背诵该短文。
While 1．diving(dive) in the deep water of a trench，some divers happened to find a whole city 2．buried(bury) beneath the waves as well as a wreck of a ship，3．which was full of corals．This discovery intrigued some archaeologists．They immediately 4．threw (throw)themselves into studying the history of the city and how it fell 5．into ruin．In the middle of the 6．investigation (investigate)，they suddenly found some mysterious creatures swimming around 7．them(they)．They subdued their fear and continued to study．But with the expansion of the number of these strange 8．creatures(creature)，they found it not safe to continue staying in 9．the water．Thinking twice，they decided to abandon the city as well as the ship and 10．retreat(retreat)．After all，life is the most important．
用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识完成满分作文
尽管我们对宇宙有了较深的认识，但是对海底的了解还是十分有限的。请你写一篇短文，就海底探索提出自己的观点。
注意：词数80左右。
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【参考范文】
Although we have had more detailed maps of the universe, the fact that we still have limited knowledge of the sea bed under the vast waters of the oceans upsets many scientists．
In reality, why there exists life in the dark zones of the oceans, despite the high pressure, darkness, and extreme cold is still unknown to us．Furthermore, the oceans are a valuable source of natural resources．With international cooperation, humans are throwing themselves into diving deeper and deeper into the oceans with the help of modern vessels, taking deep sea exploration into a whole new era．
There is no need to worry about whether we will reach the unknown．Because we will definitely make it in the future．
烘托轻松愉悦情感的环境描写
完成下列有关环境细节描写的句子
①夏日周六的早晨，阳光明媚，生机勃勃。
It was Saturday morning，and all_the_summer_world_was_bright_and_fresh，filled with life．
②我们坐在草地上欣赏着美丽的大自然。
We sat on the grass，enjoying_the_beautiful_nature．(现代分词作状语)
③景色出奇的美——阳光温暖、空气清新、泉水清澈。
The_views_were_surprisingly_beautiful—the warm sunshine，the fresh air，the clear water．
④树叶似乎更绿了，花儿更鲜艳了，鸟儿比以前更快乐了。
The leaves seemed greener, the_flowers_brighter，the_birds_merrier than ever before．(省略结构)
⑤公园的角落里繁花盛开。
There_were_various_flowers_blooming_in_the_corner_of_the_park．(there be 句型)
⑥空气中满是怡人的花香。多么香甜！
The_air_was_filled_with_the_pleasant_smell_of_flowers．How sweet!
⑦大家满心欢喜、喜气洋洋。
There was a song in every heart．There_was_cheer_in_every_face．(同结构并列句)
课时分层作业(四十一)
Ⅰ．阅读理解
Bruges，Belgium
If you've seen the movie In Bruges, you probably know a little bit about this city．And even though Colin Farrell's character keeps saying it's boring，you can't deny the beauty of this medieval city．The Gothic architecture is just mesmerizing，all those pretty buildings wrapped in vines that become all shades of crimson in the fall—it's a feast for your eyes．And the canals，you have to take a boat ride through the canals when you're there—it's incredible．Plus，they have the most charming open air markets that work all the way until the end of November，and it's also a great opportunity to taste the best hot chocolate you'll ever have in your life．
Piedmont，Italy
If you like wine and good food，autumn is your peak season for visiting Italy．Fall is vineyard harvest time so definitely go to Piedmont．They also have lots of different food festivals in the autumn here，so if you want to try some mushrooms or truffles，chestnuts or chocolate，Italy is waiting for you this fall．
Loire Valley，France
For those of you who want to witness the colorful displays of autumn with a glass of wine in your hand，Loire Valley is your best destination．This region of France is famous for its vineyards and late October is the peak season if you want to see all the vineyards in a blaze of red，orange and golden hues．It's truly a sight to behold．
Amsterdam，the Netherlands
Amsterdam is beautiful at any time of the year，but there's just something incredibly romantic and picturesque about going on a bike ride in Amsterdam in the autumn．All the beautiful trees covered in red and orange leaves，the maze of canals reflecting the golden rays of the sun，beautiful and charming architecture of the houses that stand alongside the canals look a bit magical in the fall．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了比利时的布鲁日、意大利的皮德蒙特、法国的卢瓦尔河谷及荷兰的阿姆斯特丹这四个地方的景色特点。
1．In how many places can you enjoy wine according to the passage
A．One． B．Two．
C．Three． D．Four．
B [细节理解题。由题干关键词wine定位至第二段第一句“If you like wine...for visiting Italy．”和第三段第一句“For those of you...with a glass of wine in your hand, Loire Valley is your best destination．”，据此可知，在这四个地方中人们可以在意大利皮德蒙特和法国卢瓦尔河谷品尝葡萄酒，故B项正确。]
2．What can visitors taste in both Bruges and Piedmont
A．Truffles． B．Mushrooms．
C．Chocolate． D．Chestnuts．
C [细节理解题。根据第一段尾句中的“and it's also a great opportunity to taste the best hot chocolate”可知，在比利时的布鲁日可以品尝到热巧克力；根据第二段尾句中的“so if you want to try some mushrooms or truffles, chestnuts or chocolate, Italy is waiting for you this fall”可知，人们可以在意大利皮德蒙特品尝到蘑菇或松露，栗子或巧克力。据此可知，在这两个地方人们都能品尝到巧克力。故C项正确。]
3．Which activity can be included to your autumn trip
A．Visit many historic sites in Piedmont．
B．Watch the movie In Bruges in Belgium．
C．Take a boat ride through the canals in Amsterdam．
D．Get the best view of the vineyards in Loire Valley in late October．
D [细节理解题。根据第三段第二句可知，十月下旬是观赏卢瓦尔河谷葡萄园的最佳季节，故D项正确。其他三项文中未提及。]
(2022·成都市诊断性测试)
With rounds of pioneering space flights that could set the stage for future space tourism，it is worth looking at what might be involved for the human exploration of Mars，though it's likely decades away．As we continue to expand our exploration of Mars，there is a question：What might be the lessons of past voyages of discoveries that we should think about
Human exploration has led to many extraordinary new discoveries，but it has also led to the exploitation (开发) of resources．Not long after early European settlers arrived at America，they declared their independence and created the constitution by which modern American society functions．However，this did not prevent the settlers from referring to native people as savages and taking away their rights to liberty，happiness，and even survival．Native Americans were quickly killed by wars and new diseases as the new settlers expanded their land．The natural environment，with which they had established a harmonious relationship，was similarly destroyed by the settlement．
Mars certainly has an impossible environment for human life，but on Mars，humans will be the invasive (侵入的) species．Will our landing on Mars break the ecosystem on it It is possible that Mars has ideal minerals for future development．But apart from technology challenges，will the mining have a disastrous environmental impact on this red neighbour as it has already had on Earth
The achievements of space exploration are certainly to be applauded．The contributions of the related researches on chemistry，medicine and many others are potentially limitless．However，as we look to exploring worlds beyond our own，we need to begin now to look at history to consider how to engage with different life forms，cultures and environments best．We may be capable of writing a law，but we first need to clear our potential invasive impact on another planet that may be completely defenseless．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇议论文。文章就探索火星提出新的观点，表达了对火星生态系统会遭到破坏的担心。
4．What does the underlined word “this” in paragraph 2 refer to
A．Modern American society．
B．The creation of the constitution．
C．The settlement of Europeans．
D．The exploitation of resources．
B [细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“Not long after ...society functions．”可知，早期的欧洲殖民者到达美洲后不久，制定了现代美国社会运行所依据的宪法。根据画线词所在句可知，但宪法的制定并不能阻止殖民者将土著人称为野蛮人，并剥夺他们的自由、幸福甚至生存的权利。据此可知，画线词指代的是“宪法的制定”。]
5．What's the author's concern about the exploration of Mars
A．Humans cannot survive on Mars．
B．Humans may bring new diseases to Mars．
C．The exploration may destroy Mars' ecosystem．
D．Technology challenges will make mining on Mars hard．
C [细节理解题。根据第三段尤其第二句“Will our landing ...ecosystem on it？”可知，作者担心探索火星可能会破坏火星的生态系统。]
6．What's the author's suggestion for future space exploring
A．Making relevant laws properly．
B．Conducting more scientific researches．
C．Predicting its impacts on other planets．
D．Learning from past exploration experiences．
D [细节理解题。根据尾段第三句中的“as we look to exploring...cultures and environments”可知，作者建议探索太空时需要从历史中学习。]
7．Which column is this text most probably taken from
A．Opinion． B．History．
C．Technology． D．Environment．
A [文章出处题。通读全文可知，第一段中的“What might be the ...should think about？”为全文主旨句；结合下文内容可知，本文就探索火星提出论点：正如欧洲殖民者到达美洲将土著人称为野蛮人并剥夺他们的自由、幸福甚至生存的权利那样，探索火星也可能会破坏那里的生态系统。据此可以推知，本文最可能摘自“观点”栏目。]
(2022·太原市模拟考试)
Wherever we go，we are surrounded by history．Across the globe，cultural heritage is passed down through the generations．It is in the buildings and structures around us．It is in the arts and artifacts (手工艺品) we treasure．It lives in the languages we speak and the stories we tell．But today，it is under attack as never before．Not only is the damage of time threatening our cultural heritage，but conflicts，climate change，globalization and tourism are all exacting a heavy price．Technology is now the most essential weapon in the battle．Here's how technology is preserving our cultural heritage．
As you can imagine，creating the replicas (复制品) via crowdsourced 2D images is extremely time consuming．Increasingly，artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms (算法) are being used to do all the required crowdsourcing，allowing millions of images to be stored in a matter of hours．AI will also make restoration and preservation of existing cultural heritage far easier and vastly superior to previous methods．
Virtual reality (VR) technology will play a leading role in preserving our cultural heritage in the coming years．Many of the most important sites and architecture are extremely fragile．Human interaction with these locations is doing a great deal of harm．Waste accumulates everywhere，causing enormous problems．As more cultural heritage sites and objects are digitally mapped and recorded，VR technology will increasingly become the way that people experience them．We'll all eventually be able to walk through places，look at (and touch！) artifacts and works of art without ever seeing them with our own eyes．
Finally，our cultural heritage will be preserved via technology．Efforts in research，innovation，data sharing and project work will help promote and preserve the cultural heritage of countries all across the world．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。历史与文化遗产无处不在，但是时间的破坏、冲突、气候变化、全球化和旅游业都在威胁着我们的文化遗产；使用人工智能等科技保护这些文化遗产是一个很好的方法。
8．What does the underlined word “exacting” in paragraph 1 mean
A．Paying． B．Cutting．
C．Receiving． D．Demanding．
D [词义猜测题。根据该词所在句中的“Not only is ...our cultural heritage”可知，不仅时间的破坏正威胁着我们的文化遗产；根据“but conflicts，climate ...a heavy price”并结合语境可知，而且冲突、气候变化、全球化和旅游业都要我们付出沉重的代价。据此可知，画线词表示“要求”。]
9．What is the advantage of AI in preserving cultural heritage
A．It generates 2D images．
B．It makes restoration easier．
C．It makes preservation safer．
D．It creates replicas in seconds．
B [细节理解题。根据第二段尾句可知，人工智能还将使现存文化遗产的修复和保护更容易且比以前的方法优越得多。]
10．How does VR help to preserve cultural heritage
A．By recycling huge amounts of waste．
B．By reducing human impact on the site．
C．By forbidding visitors from touching artifacts．
D．By educating people about the sites' importance．
B [推理判断题。根据第三段最后两句“As more cultural heritage...with our own eyes．”可知，VR技术将文化遗址和文物数字化，人们不用亲自去现场便能体验到这些文化遗址和文物，由此可推知，VR通过减少人类对遗址的影响来帮助保护文化遗产。]
11．Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A．How Technology Changes the Arts
B．What Cultural Heritage Means to Us
C．Preserve the Ancient with the Advanced
D．Prepare for a Revolution in Technology
C [标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章第一段最后两句“Technology is now ...our cultural heritage．”是全文的主旨句，又结合下文内容可知，本文主要介绍了使用人工智能和VR技术保护文化遗产和文物的情况。故C项最适合作本文标题。]
Ⅱ．完形填空
(2022·济南市十一校联考)
“I am leaving home．” When Timmy，my 10 year old son，eagerly announced that he couldn't wait to __1__，the feeling of guilt peaked as I tried to figure out the __2__．“So，I can get a dog，” he stressed．
But I stayed __3__，because we didn't need a dog to complete our life—and he gave up．Until the day I overheard Timmy，with his brother，discussing his moving plan．Suddenly，the situation __4__—gain a dog or __5__ a child．I felt my resolve __6__．“We can look into it，” I replied doubtfully，but the kind we wanted cost ridiculous 1，000 dollars! Yes，love had a price．I __7__ for thought again．
I shared my __8__ with my friend whose love for dogs was quite sensible．He connected me to his pet keeper friend who got a pregnant dog and the baby dogs were due soon．A few days later，we took a surprise trip to the countryside when the little dogs were born．I would admit that all my previous __9__ reappeared after watching a group of blind things，but it was too late．Among screams of __10__，we chose one of the little dogs as ours．
We attempt to __11__ our kids in a healthy way —I didn't realize the added dimension of love and __12__ that a dog would teach my kids．On a hot day，Timmy cut short his outing to check if Odie，the dog，had enough water．When Odie was sick，my elder son made fresh soup and __13__ fed it to him．
My children no longer talk about leaving home __14__ there is the troublesome issue of who will take care of the dog．They quietly learn how to give and receive love．If having a dog means linking my children even closer together，it will be a mother's prayer __15__．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者的儿子Timmy为了养狗不惜计划搬出去，最终作者只能妥协。后来作者发现通过养狗，孩子们学会了给予、接受爱和承担责任，作者觉得自己的愿望得到了回应。
1．A．get off B．give up
C．move out D．step forward
C [根据上文中的“I am leaving home．”可知，此处应是作者的儿子宣布搬出去。A项“下班”；B项“放弃”；C项“搬走”；D项“向前迈进”。故选C。]
2．A．reason B．problem
C．situation D．fact
A [根据下文中的“‘So，I can get a dog，’he stressed．”可推知，此处应是作者询问儿子想搬出去的原因。故选A。]
3．A．confused B．scared
C．stressed D．determined
D [根据下文中的“and he gave up”可推知，之前由于作者的坚持和决心，儿子放弃了在家养狗，且下文中的“I felt my resolve”也是提示。A项“困惑的”；B项“害怕的”；C项“焦虑不安的”；D项“坚定的”。故选D。]
4．A．shifted B．mattered
C．ended D．arose
A [根据上文中的“I am leaving home．”可知，儿子为了养狗宁愿离开家。由此可知，情况发生了变化。A项“改变”；B项“要紧”；D项“出现”。故选A。]
5．A．stop B．lose
C．teach D．punish
B [根据上文中的“I am leaving home．”可知，如果Timmy搬出去了，那么作者就“失去”了一个孩子。故选B。]
6．A．strengthening B．occurring
C．weakening D．disappearing
C [根据空后的“We can look into it”可推知，作者已经不像以前那么坚定了，即决心减弱。A项“加强”；B项“发生”；C项“减弱”；D项“消失”。故选C。]
7．A．promised B．agreed
C．refused D．paused
D [根据上文中的“but the kind we wanted cost ridiculous 1，000 dollars”可知，狗太贵，作者停下来思考到底养不养狗。A项“承诺”；B项“同意”；C项“拒绝”；D项“暂停”。故选D。]
8．A．dilemma B．opinion
C．experience D．worry
A [结合上文可知，作者不准Timmy在家里养狗而Timmy为了养狗要搬出去，这件事应是作者面临的困境。A项“困境”；B项“想法”；C项“经历，经验”；D项“担心”。故选A。]
9．A．excitement B．embarrassment
C．surprise D．doubt
D [根据下文中的“but it was too late”可推知，在挑选小狗之际作者的怀疑又涌上心头。A项“兴奋”；B项“尴尬”；C项“惊讶”；D项“怀疑”。故选D。]
10．A．delight B．relief
C．terror D．shock
A [根据上文Timmy为了养小狗准备搬出去可知，他很喜欢小狗，所以在选自己的小狗时非常开心。A项“高兴”；B项“宽慰，减轻”；C项“恐惧”；D项“震惊”。故选A。]
11．A．treat B．raise
C．praise D．stop
B [根据“in a healthy way”可知，此处是指用健康的方式养育孩子。A项“以……态度对待”；B项“抚养，养育”；C项“表扬”；D项“停下”。故选B。]
12．A．ability B．responsibility
C．wisdom D．truth
B [根据下文中的“On a hot day，Timmy cut short his outing to check if Odie，the dog，had enough water．”可知，Timmy通过养狗学会了给予爱和承担责任。A项“能力”；B项“责任”；C项“智慧”；D项“真相”。故选B。]
13．A．quickly B．regularly
C．patiently D．directly
C [根据上文中的“I didn't realize the added dimension of love and________ that a dog would teach my kids”和“When Odie was sick”可知，当Odie生病时，作者的大儿子会耐心地喂它。A项“迅速地”；B项“有规律地”；C项“耐心地”；D项“直接地”。故选C。]
14．A．unless B．because
C．but D．though
B [此处表示作者的孩子们不再谈论离开家的事，因为他们遇到了一个棘手的问题，即谁来照顾狗。此处语境表示因果关系，故选B。]
15．A．answered B．said
C．denied D．offered
A [此处表示作者意识到养狗可让自己的孩子们更紧密地联系在一起，所以作者认为养狗是作者作为母亲的愿望得到了回应。C项“否定”；D项“提供，主动提出”。故选A。]
Ⅲ．应用文写作
(2022·重庆名校联盟第一次联考)
假如你是李华，你校的图书馆正准备进行改造优化，现向全校师生征求改造建议。请你给图书馆管理员写一封建议信，内容包括：
1．藏书数量；
2．硬件设施；
3．其他建议(至少一条)。
注意：1．写作词数应为80左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Sir or Madam，
I am Li Hua，a student in our school．_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
Hopefully my ideas will be helpful．
Yours，
Li Hua
【参考范文】
Dear_Sir_or_Madam，
I_am_Li_Hua，a_student_in_our_school．I am rather willing to offer you my suggestions for perfecting our library and increasing its popularity．
Firstly，it benefits a lot to diversify the categories of books and organize more reading related lectures，thus enabling students to make proper choices and stimulating our reading interest．Secondly，more spacious rooms along with comfortable seats should be designed to provide a better reading experience．Also，why not hold meaningful activities like donating second hand books from students to the children in poverty stricken areas，which can greatly reduce the degree to which resources are wasted
Hopefully_my_ideas_will_be_helpful．
Yours，
Li_Hua
