(共28张PPT)
语法考点突破
板块五 从句和句式的运用
第1讲 定语从句
题型 高考典题试做 命题角度解读
语
法
填
空 1．(2022·新高考卷Ⅰ)The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ____ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area．
1．考查定语从句中的关系代词；
2．考查定语从句中的关系副词。
that
题型 高考典题试做 命题角度解读
语
法
填
空
2．(2022·全国甲卷)On the 1，100-kilometer journey，the man Cao Shengkang，___ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident，crossed 40 cities and counties in three provinces． 1．考查定语从句中的关系代词；
2．考查定语从句中的关系副词。
who
题型 高考典题试做 命题角度解读
语
法
填
空
3．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)Because the moon's body blocks direct radio communication with a probe，China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot _____ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth． 1．考查定语从句中的关系代词；
2．考查定语从句中的关系副词。
where
题型 高考典题试做 命题角度解读
语
法
填
空
4．(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)In ancient China lived an artist _____ paintings were almost lifelike．
5．(2020·新高考卷Ⅰ)The 80，000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane，for example，formed the core collection of the British Museum __________ opened in 1759． 1．考查定语从句中的关系代词；
2．考查定语从句中的关系副词。
whose
which/that
考点一 关系代词引导的
定语从句
01
核心语法精讲
对点冲关训练
1．关系代词的基本用法
关系代词 先行词 在从句中的作用
who 人 主语、宾语
whom 人 宾语
which 物 主语、宾语
that 人或物 主语、宾语、表语、状语
whose 人或物 定语
as 人或物 主语、宾语、表语
She is no longer the girl (that) she was ten years ago．
她已不再是10年前的她了。
I hate the way (that) she always criticizes me．
我讨厌她一贯批评我的方式。
He is a doctor，as was his wife before she had children．
他是一个医生，他妻子有孩子之前也是。
2．that和which的用法区别
只用that的情况 先行词是all，few，little，much，something，anything，nothing等不定代词时
先行词被the only，the very，the same，all等修饰时
先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时
先行词既有人又有物时
只用which的情况 引导非限制性定语从句时(逗号隔开时)
关系代词指物，且前有介词时
China Today attracts a worldwide readership，which shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China．
《今日中国》有着全球的读者群，这说明全球越来越多的人想要了解中国。
3．as和which的区别
as as引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句前、中、后，as常译为“正如……，正像……”。从句的谓语动词多为see，know，expect，say，mention，report等
which which引导非限制性定语从句修饰前面整个句子时，只能置于主句后，常译为“这一点，这件事”等，which引导的从句与主句之间常含有并列或因果关系
“You can't judge a book by its cover，” as the old saying goes．
正如老话说的那样：“人不可貌相”。
单句语法填空
1．(2022·河南南阳一模)The table，_____ has an even surface，is good for table tennis．
2．(2022·广东清远期中)As Canada's first language is English，they have a natural way of accent，_____ sounds like a bird singing a nice song．
which
which
3．(2022·云南云县期中)Today I will share a true story about an overseas student，___ studied in Germany．
4．(2022·阳信模拟)The first fruit is that it can comfort the heart because the peace comes from having someone _________ we share with our joy，sadness，success and failure．
5．(2022·东营三中三模)I live next door to a couple _____ children often make a lot of noise．
who
whom/that
whose
6．(2022·大同质量检测)The city was attacked by such terrible weather __ few citizens had ever experienced before．
7．(2022·敦煌中学冲刺卷)That's all ____ I know about the young man living next door．
8．(2022·长沙模拟)I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week，_____ my classmates recommended to me．
as
that
which
考点二 关系副词引导的
定语从句
02
核心语法精讲
对点冲关训练
关系副词的基本用法
关系副词 先行词 在从句中的作用
when 时间名词 时间状语
where 地点名词或抽象名词(situation，point，case，position，stage等) 地点状语
why the reason 原因状语
We will put off the picnic in the park until next week，when the weather may be better．
我们将把在公园的野餐推迟到下周，届时天气可能会好些。
Students should involve themselves in community activities where they can gain experience for growth．
学生们应该参与社团活动，在这些活动中他们可以获得成长的经验。
Do you know the reason why he didn't attend the meeting yesterday
你知道他昨天没参加会议的原因吗？
单句语法填空
1．(2022·湖北荆门模拟)A science lecture 400 kilometers above Earth was delivered by Chinese astronauts on China's Tiangong space station，_____ they displayed unique physical phenomena in the orbiting spacecraft．
where
2．(2022·德宏傣族景颇族自治州模拟)We can also have a notebook _____ we can first put something down and then look it up in our dictionary whenever something beats us．
3．(2022·天津市河西区二模)We have entered into an age ____ dreams have the best chance of coming true．
4．(2022·深圳市高级中学模拟)In a culture _____ people function according to ritual，music is used to help govern people．
where
when
where
5．(2022·滕州模拟)She dreamed of the day ____ the manager of the supermarket would say to her with a smile，“Madam，this is your lucky day．Everything in your basket is free．”
6．(2022·绵阳诊断)It's helpful to put children in a situation _____ they can see themselves differently．
7．(2022·邹城市三模)I really don't know the reason ___ he refused to attend the party．
8．(2022·景德镇模拟)We went through a period ____ communications were very difficult in the rural areas．
when
where
why
when
考点三 “介词＋关系代
词”引导的定语从句
03
核心语法精讲
对点冲关训练
1．“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句时，介词的宾语只能用which、whom，且不能省略。
Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon which school education depends．
一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。
September 30 is the day by which you must pay your bill．
9月30日之前你必须缴付账单。
2．“名词/不定代词/数词/形容词比较级或最高级＋of＋which/whom”引导的定语从句，表示部分与整体的关系。
Scientists have advanced many theories why human beings cry tears，none of which has been proved．
科学家们提出了很多关于人类为什么哭泣时流泪的理论，这些理论尚未得到证实。
Many young people，most of whom were well-educated，headed for remote regions to chase their dreams．
很多年轻人都去了偏远地区追求自己的梦想，他们中的大部分人都受过良好的教育。
3．在非限制性定语从句中，whose修饰物时，可以换为“the＋名词＋of which”。
The newly-built café，the walls of which (＝whose walls) are painted light green，is really a peaceful place for us，especially after hard work．
这家新建成的墙被刷成了浅绿色的咖啡馆，对我们来说，真是一个安静的地方，特别是在辛苦工作后。
单句语法填空
1．(2022·恩施二模)Creating an atmosphere in _____ employees feel part of a team is a big challenge．
2．(2022·天津市河东区检测)The retiring teacher made a speech __ which she thanked the class for the cooperation．
3．(2022·兰州联考)He wrote many children's books，nearly half of _____ were published in the 1990s．
which
in
which
4．(2022·绵阳民族中学模拟)The house，the roof of _____ was destroyed in the terrible fire，has been repaired．
5．(2022·滕州市模拟)Li Lei，for ____ English was once difficult，can speak English fluently as though he were a native speaker．
6．(2022·聊城莘县模拟)In our factory there are 2，000 workers，two thirds of ______ are women．
which
whom
whom第1讲 定语从句
题型 高考典题试做 命题角度解读
语法填空 1．(2022·新高考卷Ⅰ)The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species that live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area． 2．(2022·全国甲卷)On the 1，100 kilometer journey，the man Cao Shengkang，who lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident，crossed 40 cities and counties in three provinces． 3．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)Because the moon's body blocks direct radio communication with a probe，China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot where it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth． 4．(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)In ancient China lived an artist whose paintings were almost lifelike． 5．(2020·新高考卷Ⅰ)The 80，000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane，for example，formed the core collection of the British Museum which/that opened in 1759． 1．考查定语从句中的关系代词； 2．考查定语从句中的关系副词。
关系代词引导的定语从句
1．关系代词的基本用法
关系代词 先行词 在从句中的作用
who 人 主语、宾语
whom 人 宾语
which 物 主语、宾语
that 人或物 主语、宾语、表语、状语
whose 人或物 定语
as 人或物 主语、宾语、表语
She is no longer the girl (that) she was ten years ago．
她已不再是10年前的她了。
I hate the way (that) she always criticizes me．
我讨厌她一贯批评我的方式。
He is a doctor，as was his wife before she had children．
他是一个医生，他妻子有孩子之前也是。
2．that和which的用法区别
只用that的情况 先行词是all，few，little，much，something，anything，nothing等不定代词时
先行词被the only，the very，the same，all等修饰时
先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时
先行词既有人又有物时
只用which的情况 引导非限制性定语从句时(逗号隔开时)
关系代词指物，且前有介词时
China Today attracts a worldwide readership，which shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China．
《今日中国》有着全球的读者群，这说明全球越来越多的人想要了解中国。
3．as和which的区别
as as引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句前、中、后，as常译为“正如……，正像……”。从句的谓语动词多为see，know，expect，say，mention，report等
which which引导非限制性定语从句修饰前面整个句子时，只能置于主句后，常译为“这一点，这件事”等，which引导的从句与主句之间常含有并列或因果关系
“You can't judge a book by its cover，” as the old saying goes．
正如老话说的那样：“人不可貌相”。
单句语法填空
1．(2022·河南南阳一模)The table，which has an even surface，is good for table tennis．
2．(2022·广东清远期中)As Canada's first language is English，they have a natural way of accent，which sounds like a bird singing a nice song．
3．(2022·云南云县期中)Today I will share a true story about an overseas student，who studied in Germany．
4．(2022·阳信模拟)The first fruit is that it can comfort the heart because the peace comes from having someone whom/that we share with our joy，sadness，success and failure．
5．(2022·东营三中三模)I live next door to a couple whose children often make a lot of noise．
6．(2022·大同质量检测)The city was attacked by such terrible weather as few citizens had ever experienced before．
7．(2022·敦煌中学冲刺卷)That's all that I know about the young man living next door．
8．(2022·长沙模拟)I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week，which my classmates recommended to me．
关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词的基本用法
关系副词 先行词 在从句中的作用
when 时间名词 时间状语
where 地点名词或抽象名词(situation，point，case，position，stage等) 地点状语
why the reason 原因状语
We will put off the picnic in the park until next week，when the weather may be better．
我们将把在公园的野餐推迟到下周，届时天气可能会好些。
Students should involve themselves in community activities where they can gain experience for growth．
学生们应该参与社团活动，在这些活动中他们可以获得成长的经验。
Do you know the reason why he didn't attend the meeting yesterday
你知道他昨天没参加会议的原因吗？
单句语法填空
1．(2022·湖北荆门模拟)A science lecture 400 kilometers above Earth was delivered by Chinese astronauts on China's Tiangong space station，where they displayed unique physical phenomena in the orbiting spacecraft．
2．(2022·德宏傣族景颇族自治州模拟)We can also have a notebook where we can first put something down and then look it up in our dictionary whenever something beats us．
3．(2022·天津市河西区二模)We have entered into an age when dreams have the best chance of coming true．
4．(2022·深圳市高级中学模拟)In a culture where people function according to ritual，music is used to help govern people．
5．(2022·滕州模拟)She dreamed of the day when the manager of the supermarket would say to her with a smile，“Madam，this is your lucky day．Everything in your basket is free．”
6．(2022·绵阳诊断)It's helpful to put children in a situation where they can see themselves differently．
7．(2022·邹城市三模)I really don't know the reason why he refused to attend the party．
8．(2022·景德镇模拟)We went through a period when communications were very difficult in the rural areas．
“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
1．“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句时，介词的宾语只能用which、whom，且不能省略。
Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon which school education depends．
一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。
September 30 is the day by which you must pay your bill．
9月30日之前你必须缴付账单。
2．“名词/不定代词/数词/形容词比较级或最高级＋of＋which/whom”引导的定语从句，表示部分与整体的关系。
Scientists have advanced many theories why human beings cry tears，none of which has been proved．
科学家们提出了很多关于人类为什么哭泣时流泪的理论，这些理论尚未得到证实。
Many young people，most of whom were well educated，headed for remote regions to chase their dreams．
很多年轻人都去了偏远地区追求自己的梦想，他们中的大部分人都受过良好的教育。
3．在非限制性定语从句中，whose修饰物时，可以换为“the＋名词＋of which”。
The newly built café，the walls of which (＝whose walls) are painted light green，is really a peaceful place for us，especially after hard work．
这家新建成的墙被刷成了浅绿色的咖啡馆，对我们来说，真是一个安静的地方，特别是在辛苦工作后。
单句语法填空
1．(2022·恩施二模)Creating an atmosphere in which employees feel part of a team is a big challenge．
2．(2022·天津市河东区检测)The retiring teacher made a speech in which she thanked the class for the cooperation．
3．(2022·兰州联考)He wrote many children's books，nearly half of which were published in the 1990s．
4．(2022·绵阳民族中学模拟)The house，the roof of which was destroyed in the terrible fire，has been repaired．
5．(2022·滕州市模拟)Li Lei，for whom English was once difficult，can speak English fluently as though he were a native speaker．
6．(2022·聊城莘县模拟)In our factory there are 2，000 workers，two thirds of whom are women．
