(共32张PPT)
语法考点突破
板块一 词形的变换
第1讲 名词和数词
题型 高考典题试做 命题角度解读
语
法
填
空 1．(2022·新高考卷Ⅰ)The GPNP's main goal is to improve connectivity between separate ___________(population) and homes of giant pandas，and eventually achieve a desired level of population in the wild． 1．给出名词的单数形式，考查其复数形式；
2．给出数词的基数词形式，考查其序数词形式。
populations
题型 高考典题试做 命题角度解读
语
法
填
空
2．(2021·全国甲卷)Supposedly you can do it in two hours，but we stopped at the different gates and ___________ (watchtower) to take pictures or just to watch the local people going about their daily routines．
1．给出名词的单数形式，考查其复数形式；
2．给出数词的基数词形式，考查其序数词形式。
watchtowers
题型 高考典题试做 命题角度解读
语
法
填
空
3．(2020·浙江卷)Later，they learned to work with the _______ (season)，planting at the right time and，in dry areas，making use of annual floods to irrigate (灌溉) their fields．
4．(2020·浙江1月卷)For Japan，the _______ (number) are more striking—22 in 1950，46 today and 53 in 2050． 1．给出名词的单数形式，考查其复数形式；
2．给出数词的基数词形式，考查其序数词形式。
seasons
numbers
考点一 名词的数
01
核心语法精讲
对点冲关训练
一、名词单数变复数的规则变化
变化规则 例词
一般情况加-s map→maps；girl→girls；
house→houses
以-th结尾的，加-s month→months；truth→truths
变化规则 例词
以-s，-x，-sh，-ch结尾的，加-es class→classes；box→boxes；
brush→brushes；match→matches
注意：stomach(胃)的复数是
stomachs；ox(公牛)的复数是oxen
以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的，变y为i再加-es city→cities；country→countries；
party→parties；factory→factories
注意：以“元音字母＋y”结尾的则
直接加-s，如boy→boys；toy→toys
变化规则 例词
以“辅音字母＋o”结尾的，一般加-es tomato→tomatoes；potato→potatoes；hero→heroes；Negro→Negroes(e)s
注意：1．少数名词加-s或-es均可，如volcano→volcano(e)s；
mosquito→mosquito(e)s；mango→mango(e)s
2．少数名词只加s，如piano→pianos；photo→photos
以“元音字母＋o”结尾的，加-s radio→radios；zoo→zoos；
bamboo→bamboos
变化规则 例词
以-f，-fe结尾的，通常变f或fe为v，再加-es half→halves；leaf→leaves；
shelf→shelves；thief→thieves；
wolf→wolves；wife→wives；
life→lives；knife→knives
注意：1．也有的直接加-s，
如roof→roofs；chief→chiefs
2．还存在有两种复数形式的，
如handkerchief→handkerchiefs/
handkerchieves
变化规则 例词
合成名词变复数时，通常只将里面所含的主体名词变成复数，如果没有主体名词，则将最后一部分变成复数 son-in-law→sons-in-law
passer-by→passers-by
story-teller→story-tellers
go-between→go-betweens
grown-up→grown-ups
二、名词单数变复数的不规则变化
变化情况 例词
特殊变化 child→children；foot→feet；
tooth→teeth；mouse→mice；
特殊变化 man→men；woman→women
注意：由man或woman构成的
合成词，其复数形式也是-men和
-women，如an Englishman→two
Englishmen；但German不是合
成词，故复数形式为Germans
变化情况 例词
有些名词的单复数有不同的拼写方法 细菌bacterium(单数)→bacteria(复数)；资料、数据datum(单数)→data(复数)；现象phenomenon(单数)→phenomena(复数)
单句语法填空
1．(2022·呼和浩特市教育教学研究中心一模)According to plan，the high-speed railway will have two branch _____(line)—one is to Yanqing Station，and the other is to Taizicheng of Chongli，where the Olympic village lies．
lines
2．(2022·江西模拟预测语法填空)The paper was used for sealing up holes in walls and _____(roof) in the cold and freezing winter．
3．(2022·银川市第六中学高三阶段练习)Hi，Mom reflects on how Jia misses her mother Li Huanying，who encouraged her to pursue her artistic ______(dream)．
4．(2022·崇左高中高三开学考试)It moved millions of _______(viewer)with the simple，pure and sincere emotion between mother and daughter．
roofs
dreams
viewers
5．(2022·福州高三期末)What impresses me most is the fearless perseverance and enduring love of Ms Zhang Guimei，who has brought hope to ________(child) in the mountainous region of Yunnan．
6．(2022·保定一模)That means scientists could learn more about the evolution of the moon and test out new techniques for estimating the age of geological samples from other _______(planet) and moons(卫星)．
children
planets
7．(2022·新余高三一模)Viewers said it was not the film itself that moved people，but the ______ (hero) of the war years who fought for our country and people，without considering their own safety or even lives．
8．(2022·通辽新城第一中学模拟预测)China saw over 10 million live-streaming marketing activities in the first half of this year，attracting over 50 billion _____ (view)，the report noted．
heroes
views
考点二 名词的所有格
02
核心语法精讲
对点冲关训练
名词的所有格
1．有生命的名词，其所有格一般在名词后加-'s。
his father's boss 他爸爸的老板
2．表示时间、城市、地域、团体、机构等无生命的事物后也可加-'s。
today's paper 今天的报纸
England's shore 英国的海岸
the car's design 这辆车的设计
3．在某些习惯用语中，也需要加-'s。
a stone's throw 近在咫尺
keep sb．at arm's length 与某人保持距离；不亲近某人
be at one's wits' end 黔驴技穷
4．如果一样东西为两个人共有，则只在后一个名词后加-'s，如果不是共有的则两个名词后都要加-'s。
Jane and Mary's mother 简和玛丽的妈妈(共有，暗示简和玛丽是姐妹关系)
Jane's and Mary's mothers 简的妈妈和玛丽的妈妈(不是共有，分别指两位妈妈)
5．双重所有格：“a/two/some...＋名词＋of＋名词's/名词性物主代词”构成双重所有格，“of＋名词所有格”中的名词必须表示人，不能表示事物。
a friend of her mother's 她妈妈的一个朋友
two photos of hers 她的两张照片
单句语法填空
1．(2022·南宁模拟)In addition，the ________ (hostess) cooking will guarantee you a wonderful chance of tasting delicious Chinese food．
2．(2022·通化冲刺卷)The article concludes that ________ (parents) education affects their children's future．
3．(2022·潍坊模拟)“_______ (today) story is about the success of a poor child，” the teacher said．
hostess'
parents'
Today's
4．(2022·曲阜师范大学附中模拟)We'd better stay in a hotel that is just a _______ (stone) throw from the railway station for the sake of convenience．
5．(2022·北海模拟)Studies show that a _______ (child) character is greatly influenced by his/her home environment．
6．(2022·日照市五莲县一中模拟)All _________(student) homework must be corrected on the same day by herself．
stone's
child's
students'
考点三 数词——基数
词和序数词
03
核心语法精讲
对点冲关训练
一、基数词和序数词
1．表数量的数词叫基数词，如one，two，three...
2．表顺序的数词叫序数词，如first，second，third，fourth，fifth...
二、基数词变序数词的规则
1．一二三要单独记：one→first，two → second，three → third
2．th要从四加起：four → fourth，five → fifth...
3．eight少个t：eight → eighth
4．nine删除e：nine → ninth
5．ve用f来代替：five → fifth，twelve → twelfth
6．ty变成tie：twenty → twentieth
三、序数词的使用
1．序数词在句中主要作定语，一般情况下序数词前要加定冠词。
Monday is the second day of a week．
星期一是一周的第二天。
2．序数词前有时加不定冠词，表示“又一、再一”，相当于another。
Would you like a second cup of tea
你还想再来一杯茶吗？
I had a third apple．
我(吃了两个苹果后)又吃了一个苹果。
3．first，second等有时可表示一批人或物。
The first milu deer came from China in the 1860s．
最早的一批麋鹿是在十九世纪六十年代从中国引进的。
四、分数
1．分子用基数词，分母用序数词，如1/3：one third
2．分子大于1，分母用复数，如2/5：two fifths
单句语法填空
1．(2022·湖北高一阶段练习)In 2013，with the help of two other crew members，Wang Yaping delivered the country's first space lecture，making China，following the United States，become the ______ (two) country to carry out a space lecture．
second
2．(2022·玉溪模拟)The elevator broke down and we had to walk up to the _____ (ten) floor．
3．(2022·平顶山第一中学冲刺卷)Saturn is the ______ (two) biggest planet in the solar system．
4．(2022·廊坊市模拟)Each year，________ (hundred) of the animals are killed for their fur．
tenth
second
hundreds
5．(2022·通化三测卷)I'm a frequent traveller and I eat out _____ (two) a day．
6．(2022·平度市模拟试题)It has been snowing，roughly every _____ (three) day，for as long as I've had the flu．
7．(2022·东营高三模拟)Its celebrations happened as early as the _____ (five) century．
twice
third
fifth第1讲 名词和数词
题型 高考典题试做 命题角度解读
语法填空 1．(2022·新高考卷Ⅰ)The GPNP's main goal is to improve connectivity between separate populations(population) and homes of giant pandas，and eventually achieve a desired level of population in the wild． 2．(2021·全国甲卷)Supposedly you can do it in two hours，but we stopped at the different gates and watchtowers (watchtower) to take pictures or just to watch the local people going about their daily routines． 3．(2020·浙江卷)Later，they learned to work with the seasons (season)，planting at the right time and，in dry areas，making use of annual floods to irrigate (灌溉) their fields． 4．(2020·浙江1月卷)For Japan，the numbers (number) are more striking—22 in 1950，46 today and 53 in 2050． 1．给出名词的单数形式，考查其复数形式； 2．给出数词的基数词形式，考查其序数词形式。
名词的数
一、名词单数变复数的规则变化
变化规则 例词
一般情况加 s map→maps；girl→girls； house→houses
以 th结尾的，加 s month→months；truth→truths
以 s， x， sh， ch结尾的，加 es class→classes；box→boxes； brush→brushes；match→matches 注意：stomach(胃)的复数是 stomachs；ox(公牛)的复数是oxen
以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的，变y为i再加 es city→cities；country→countries； party→parties；factory→factories 注意：以“元音字母＋y”结尾的则 直接加 s，如boy→boys；toy→toys
以“辅音字母＋o”结尾的，一般加 es tomato→tomatoes；potato→potatoes；hero→heroes；Negro→Negroes(e)s 注意：1．少数名词加 s或 es均可，如volcano→volcano(e)s； mosquito→mosquito(e)s；mango→mango(e)s 2．少数名词只加s，如piano→pianos；photo→photos
以“元音字母＋o”结尾的，加 s radio→radios；zoo→zoos； bamboo→bamboos
以 f， fe结尾的，通常变f或fe为v，再加 es half→halves；leaf→leaves； shelf→shelves；thief→thieves； wolf→wolves；wife→wives； life→lives；knife→knives 注意：1．也有的直接加 s， 如roof→roofs；chief→chiefs 2．还存在有两种复数形式的， 如handkerchief→handkerchiefs/ handkerchieves
合成名词变复数时，通常只将里面所含的主体名词变成复数，如果没有主体名词，则将最后一部分变成复数 son in law→sons in law passer by→passers by story teller→story tellers go between→go betweens grown up→grown ups
二、名词单数变复数的不规则变化
变化情况 例词
特殊变化 child→children；foot→feet； tooth→teeth；mouse→mice；
特殊变化 man→men；woman→women 注意：由man或woman构成的 合成词，其复数形式也是 men和 women，如an Englishman→two Englishmen；但German不是合 成词，故复数形式为Germans
有些名词的单复数有不同的拼写方法 细菌bacterium(单数)→bacteria(复数)；资料、数据datum(单数)→data(复数)；现象phenomenon(单数)→phenomena(复数)
单句语法填空
1．(2022·呼和浩特市教育教学研究中心一模)According to plan，the high speed railway will have two branch lines(line)—one is to Yanqing Station，and the other is to Taizicheng of Chongli，where the Olympic village lies．
2．(2022·江西模拟预测语法填空)The paper was used for sealing up holes in walls and roofs(roof) in the cold and freezing winter．
3．(2022·银川市第六中学高三阶段练习)Hi，Mom reflects on how Jia misses her mother Li Huanying，who encouraged her to pursue her artistic dreams(dream)．
4．(2022·崇左高中高三开学考试)It moved millions of viewers(viewer)with the simple，pure and sincere emotion between mother and daughter．
5．(2022·福州高三期末)What impresses me most is the fearless perseverance and enduring love of Ms Zhang Guimei，who has brought hope to children(child) in the mountainous region of Yunnan．
6．(2022·保定一模)That means scientists could learn more about the evolution of the moon and test out new techniques for estimating the age of geological samples from other planets(planet) and moons(卫星)．
7．(2022·新余高三一模)Viewers said it was not the film itself that moved people，but the heroes (hero) of the war years who fought for our country and people，without considering their own safety or even lives．
8．(2022·通辽新城第一中学模拟预测)China saw over 10 million live streaming marketing activities in the first half of this year，attracting over 50 billion views (view)，the report noted．
名词的所有格
名词的所有格
1．有生命的名词，其所有格一般在名词后加 's。
his father's boss 他爸爸的老板
2．表示时间、城市、地域、团体、机构等无生命的事物后也可加 's。
today's paper 今天的报纸
England's shore 英国的海岸
the car's design 这辆车的设计
3．在某些习惯用语中，也需要加 's。
a stone's throw 近在咫尺
keep sb．at arm's length 与某人保持距离；不亲近某人
be at one's wits' end 黔驴技穷
4．如果一样东西为两个人共有，则只在后一个名词后加 's，如果不是共有的则两个名词后都要加 's。
Jane and Mary's mother 简和玛丽的妈妈(共有，暗示简和玛丽是姐妹关系)
Jane's and Mary's mothers 简的妈妈和玛丽的妈妈(不是共有，分别指两位妈妈)
5．双重所有格：“a/two/some...＋名词＋of＋名词's/名词性物主代词”构成双重所有格，“of＋名词所有格”中的名词必须表示人，不能表示事物。
a friend of her mother's 她妈妈的一个朋友
two photos of hers 她的两张照片
单句语法填空
1．(2022·南宁模拟)In addition，the hostess' (hostess) cooking will guarantee you a wonderful chance of tasting delicious Chinese food．
2．(2022·通化冲刺卷)The article concludes that parents' (parents) education affects their children's future．
3．(2022·潍坊模拟)“Today's (today) story is about the success of a poor child，” the teacher said．
4．(2022·曲阜师范大学附中模拟)We'd better stay in a hotel that is just a stone's (stone) throw from the railway station for the sake of convenience．
5．(2022·北海模拟)Studies show that a child's (child) character is greatly influenced by his/her home environment．
6．(2022·日照市五莲县一中模拟)All students'(student) homework must be corrected on the same day by herself．
数词——基数词和序数词
一、基数词和序数词
1．表数量的数词叫基数词，如one，two，three...
2．表顺序的数词叫序数词，如first，second，third，fourth，fifth...
二、基数词变序数词的规则
1．一二三要单独记：one→first，two → second，three → third
2．th要从四加起：four → fourth，five → fifth...
3．eight少个t：eight → eighth
4．nine删除e：nine → ninth
5．ve用f来代替：five → fifth，twelve → twelfth
6．ty变成tie：twenty → twentieth
三、序数词的使用
1．序数词在句中主要作定语，一般情况下序数词前要加定冠词。
Monday is the second day of a week．
星期一是一周的第二天。
2．序数词前有时加不定冠词，表示“又一、再一”，相当于another。
Would you like a second cup of tea
你还想再来一杯茶吗？
I had a third apple．
我(吃了两个苹果后)又吃了一个苹果。
3．first，second等有时可表示一批人或物。
The first milu deer came from China in the 1860s．
最早的一批麋鹿是在十九世纪六十年代从中国引进的。
四、分数
1．分子用基数词，分母用序数词，如1/3：one third
2．分子大于1，分母用复数，如2/5：two fifths
单句语法填空
1．(2022·湖北高一阶段练习)In 2013，with the help of two other crew members，Wang Yaping delivered the country's first space lecture，making China，following the United States，become the second (two) country to carry out a space lecture．
2．(2022·玉溪模拟)The elevator broke down and we had to walk up to the tenth (ten) floor．
3．(2022·平顶山第一中学冲刺卷)Saturn is the second (two) biggest planet in the solar system．
4．(2022·廊坊市模拟)Each year，hundreds (hundred) of the animals are killed for their fur．
5．(2022·通化三测卷)I'm a frequent traveller and I eat out twice (two) a day．
6．(2022·平度市模拟试题)It has been snowing，roughly every third (three) day，for as long as I've had the flu．
7．(2022·东营高三模拟)Its celebrations happened as early as the fifth (five) century．
