(共48张PPT)
语法考点突破
板块三 词性的运用
第2讲 非谓语动词
题型 高考典题试做 命题角度解读
语
法
填
空 1．(2022·全国甲卷)A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked(徒步) 40 days to Xi'an，as a first step __________(journey) the Belt and Road route(路线) by foot． 1．考查非谓语动词的句法功能(状语、定语、宾语、补语、主语和表语等)，以考查主语、宾语、状语居多；
to journey
题型 高考典题试做 命题角度解读
语
法
填
空
2．(2022·全国甲卷)Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation ____ (hold) in Beijing，Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute(致敬) to the ancient Silk Road． 2．考查固定搭配中的非谓语动词。
held
题型 高考典题试做 命题角度解读
语
法
填
空
3．(2022·全国甲卷)He flew 4，700 kilometers from Xi'an to Kashgar on Sept．20，________ (plan) to hike back to Xi'an in five months．
4．(2022·全国乙卷)It can help to build a community with a ______(share) future for mankind... 2．考查固定搭配中的非谓语动词。
planning
shared
考点一 不定式
01
核心语法精讲
对点冲关训练
一、不定式的形式
语态形式
时态形式 主动 被动
一般式 to do to be done
完成式 to have done to have been done
二、不定式的功能
1．不定式作主语
(1)不定式作主语时，可以直接放在句首，谓语动词常用单数。
To enter a good university for further study is my goal now．
进入一所好大学深造是我现在的目标。
(2)不定式作主语时，更多放在谓语之后，用it作形式主语，常用于“It is/was＋adj．(＋for/of sb．)＋to do sth．”结构中。
It's rude to turn your back on your teacher and refuse to answer．
对老师不予理睬，拒绝回答问题是不礼貌的。
It's necessary for us to help those in need．
我们有必要帮助那些有困难的人。
2．不定式作宾语
(1)不定式可作intend(打算)，plan(计划)，expect(期望)，pretend(假装)，would like/love/prefer(喜欢)，wish(希望)，decide(决定)，agree(同意)，help(帮助)，manage(设法)，refuse(拒绝)，promise(答应)，attempt(企图)，choose(选择)，ask(询问)，learn(学习)，fail(失败)，afford(付得起)等动词的宾语。
The teacher decided to pretend to have known what the boys had done．He chose not to ask the boys but expected to be told everything．
老师决定假装已经知道这些男孩子们做了什么。他选择不去问孩子们，但是期望被告知一切。
(2)在某些动词如find，think，consider，feel，make，believe等后，常用it作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语(不定式)后置。
He feels/thinks it important to learn English well，but finds it difficult to remember the words．
他认为学好英语很重要，但是发现记单词很难。
3．不定式作表语
不定式作表语，主语往往是dream，goal，aim，purpose，plan 等表示“意向、打算、计划”的词。
My dream is to become a doctor after my graduation from university．
我的梦想是大学毕业后当一名医生。
4．不定式作定语
(1)当被修饰词是序数词，the only，the next和形容词最高级或名词/代词被这些词修饰时，常常用不定式作定语。
John is always the first one to come up with a good idea．
约翰总是第一个想出好办法的人。
(2)修饰某些名词，如chance，opportunity，way，ability，plan 等。
I feel greatly honored to have the chance to deliver a speech here．
有机会在这里发表演讲，我感到万分荣幸。
5．不定式作状语
(1)不定式作目的状语时，常位于句首或句中，形式上可用in order to do，so as to do，to do等，但so as to do不能置于句首。
I got up early so as to/in order to/to catch the early bus in the morning．
我早晨早起是为了赶早班车。
(2)不定式作结果状语时，常用于too...to...，enough to，so/such...as to结构中。only/just to do常表示出乎意料的结果。
I asked Mum to put up the tent excitedly，only to be told the tent had been left behind．
我兴冲冲地让妈妈搭帐篷，却被告知帐篷忘带了。
(3)在be happy/glad/sorry/sad/surprised to do sth．结构中作原因状语。
I am extremely glad to know that you are coming to China for a visit during the summer holiday．
我很高兴得知暑假你要来中国旅游。
6．不定式作宾语补足语
(1)在很多动词后都可以用不定式作宾语补足语，如：ask，want，invite，get，force，expect，allow，persuade，order，warn，remind，prefer，cause，permit，forbid，advise，teach，tell等。
I am writing to invite you to come to my birthday party．
我写信邀请您来参加我的生日聚会。
(2)下列动词(短语)接省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语：“一感”(feel)，“二听”(hear，listen to)，“三使”(let，have，make)，“五看”(see，notice，observe，watch，look at)，“半帮助”(help)，但在变为被动语态时需加to。
I often hear the girl sing the song which is popular recently．＝The girl is often heard to sing the song which is popular recently by me．
我经常听到这个女孩唱这首最近很流行的歌。
单句语法填空
1．(2022·四川宜宾二模)Designers' inspiration from jade for a second time honors the Chinese capital's unique status－the first city _______ (host) both the Summer and Winter Olympics．
2．(2022·安阳二模)_______(give)me a special impression when we first met, he even bought me flowers．
to host
To give
3．(2022·北戴河模拟)_______ (free) ourselves from the physical and mental tensions，we each need deep thought and inner quietness．
4．(2022·福州联考)Shanghai simplified the procedures for skilled foreigners working in the city to get residence permits within three days, the city's latest measure __________ (attract) overseas workers．
5．(2022·长沙模拟)In Vancouver it is unusual ______ (see) a bear，but in some cities you can see big animals on the city streets every day．
to attractz
to attract
to see
6．(2022·襄阳模拟)The astronauts sincerely invited young viewers __________(conduct) similar experiments along with them to experience the fun of exploration．
7．(2022·咸阳二模)On this special day，many Chinese people decide to get married ______(add) meaning to their special day．
8．(2022·张家口高三下学期4月摸底)Using a Luoyang shovel(铁铲)，and a brush ________ (sweep) away the dirt, and digging a blind box, you can harvest a piece of bronze ware from the Shang Dynasty．
to conduct
to add
to sweep
考点二 动词-ing形式
02
核心语法精讲
对点冲关训练
一、动词-ing形式的构成
语态形式
时态形式 主动 被动
一般式 doing being done
完成式 having done having been done
二、动词-ing形式的功能
1．动词-ing形式作主语(doing/being done作主语不表示正在进行，只表示主/被动)
(1)动词-ing形式(短语)作主语时，可以直接放在句首。谓语动词常常用单数，但表示多于一个的概念时，谓语动词则用复数。
Playing cell phone games is his favourite．
玩手机游戏是他的最爱。
Dancing and skating are my hobbies，and I also like to read short stories．
跳舞和溜冰是我的爱好，同时我也喜欢读短篇小说。
Being laughed at in public made me embarrassed．
当众被人嘲笑让我感到尴尬。
(2)有时用it作形式主语，常用于It is/was a waste (of...)/no use/no good/no pleasure doing sth．结构中。
It is no use trying to persuade such a stubborn person．
想要说服这样一个固执的人是没有什么用处的。
2．动词-ing形式作宾语(doing/being done作宾语不表示正在进行，只表示主/被动)
(1)动词-ing 形式(短语)可以作介词的宾语。
I help Mum out by doing the housework that I can do．
我通过做力所能及的家务活帮助妈妈。
[易错提醒]
以下短语中to 都是介词
be used to习惯于 object to 反对
devote oneself to 致力于 stick to坚持
pay attention to注意 look forward to期盼
(2)动词-ing形式(短语)可以作某些及物动词的宾语。这类动词有：
mind(介意)，miss(错过)，mention(提到)，enjoy(喜欢)，escape(逃避)，practise(练习)，postpone(推迟)，suggest(建议)，stand/bear/tolerate(忍受)，consider(考虑)，keep(保持)，avoid(避免)，admit(承认)，advise(建议)，allow/permit(允许)，appreciate(感激)，risk(冒险)，resist(抵制)，recommend(建议)，finish(完成)，forbid(禁止)，imagine(想象)，dislike(不喜欢)，delay(延迟)，quit(放弃)，deny(否认)等。
Little Tom is considering quitting practising playing the violin because his neighbor couldn't tolerate listening to the noise every day．
小汤姆正考虑放弃练习拉小提琴，因为他的邻居难以忍受每天听到这噪声。
3．动词-ing形式作表语
(1)doing作表语表示笼统的、抽象的概念。
My hobby is reading books．
我的兴趣爱好是读书。
(2)如果是和情绪相关的动词-ing形式，则形容词意义较强，表示“令人……的”，往往物作主语。如：amazing，boring，confusing，disappointing，exciting，frightening，surprising等。
The news is surprising．
这则消息令人吃惊。
4．动词-ing形式作定语(当被修饰的名词与动词-ing形式之间为主动关系且动作正在进行时，用doing；当被修饰的名词与动词-ing形式之间为被动关系且表示动作正在进行时，用being done)
(1)单个的动词-ing 形式作定语，放在被修饰词之前。置于名词前作定语，表示被修饰的名词的动作、特征、用途和性能。
a sleeping child睡着的孩子
a swimming pool游泳池
(2)动词-ing形式短语作定语，要放在被修饰词之后。
the girl wearing a red dress穿红裙子的女孩
the bridge being built now现在在建的大桥
5．动词-ing形式作状语
(1)doing与句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，与句中谓语动作同时或几乎同时发生。
Walking in the street，I came across an old friend．走在大街上，我碰到一个老朋友。
(2)having done与句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，且先于谓语动作发生。
Having waited in line for two hours，the old man became impatient．
已经排了两小时的队，这位老人变得不耐烦了。
(3)having been done与句子主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且先于谓语动作发生。
Having been told many times，the boy still made the same mistake again and again．
已经被告知很多次了，这个男孩还是一次又一次犯相同的错。
6．动词-ing形式作宾语补足语
动词-ing形式作宾语补足语时，宾语与宾语补足语之间在逻辑上是主谓关系，结构为vt．＋sb．/sth．＋doing...。可以用于此结构的动词(短语)有：feel，catch，find，listen to/hear，have/keep/get/leave，see/watch/look at/observe/notice。
I am sorry for keeping you waiting for me for such a long time．
很抱歉让你等我这么长时间。
The headmaster was angry to catch some students smoking again．
又一次抓住一些学生吸烟，校长很生气。
单句语法填空
1．(2022·武昌模拟)___________ (know) which university to attend，the girl asked her teacher for advice．
2．(2022·南通三测)He enjoys _________(listen) to violin music，_______(play) basketball，________(swim) and _______(read)．
3．(2022·北戴河一中模拟)Mary's __________(late) for class made her teacher angry．
Not knowing
listening
playing
swimming
reading
being late
4．(2022·黄山中学模拟)It is no use _______(argue) with him about such a matter．
5．(2022·平阴县模拟)I looked up and noticed a snake _______(wind) its way up the tree to catch its breakfast．
6．(2022·临沂市联考)The matter _______________(discuss) now is so important that it will attract everyone's attention．
arguing
winding
being discussed
7．(2022·滨州模拟)Facial recognition technology is working well at tourist attractions around China，________(reduce) the time people spend standing in lines at entries or security checks．
8．(2022·大理实验高中模拟)It tells a ________ (touch) story that highlights Chinese families．
reducing
touching
考点三 过去分词
03
核心语法精讲
对点冲关训练
1．过去分词作定语
单个的过去分词作定语，往往放在被修饰词之前；过去分词短语作定语，常放在被修饰词之后。及物动词的过去分词作定语往往表示被动和完成；不及物动词的过去分词作定语不表示被动，只表示完成。
a broken glass 一只打碎的玻璃杯
the bridge completed last month
上个月竣工的大桥
fallen leaves落叶
2．过去分词作状语
其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语，且主语是过去分词动作的承受者，过去分词与主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系。
Seen from the top of the mountain，our city looks beautiful．
从山顶上望去，我们的城市很美。
3．过去分词作宾语补足语
过去分词作宾语补足语时，宾语与宾语补足语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，构成vt．＋sb．/sth．＋done结构。
She had to raise her voice to make herself heard．
她不得不提高嗓门使自己被听到。
The old man wanted his old watch repaired．
这位老人想要找人修他的旧手表。
4．过去分词作表语
如果是和情绪相关的动词的过去分词形式，则形容词意义较强，表示“感到……的”，主语往往是指人的名词。如：amazed，bored，confused，disappointed，excited，frightened，surprised等。
I felt really surprised when she told me the exciting news．
当她告诉我这个令人兴奋的消息时，我感到非常惊讶。
单句语法填空
1．(2022·陕西商洛一模)We have traditional Zhongshan suit, Cheongsam and many other suits _______(create) by ethnic minorities．
2．(2022·河南新乡二模)A company _____(name) SpaceX is hoping to land civilian astronauts on Mars．
3．(2022·九江二模)The world's first express train with a studio _______ (power) by 5G tech has been launched．
created
named
powered
4．(2022·保定市4月模拟)__________ (register) dieticians and nutritionists can work in clinics, in the community, and in management．
5．(2022·东营冲刺卷)He was sleeping when he heard his name _______(shout) from the outside．
6．(2022·周口市联考)Clearly and thoughtfully _______ (write)，the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers．
7．(2022·梅州二模)When we saw the road _______ (block) with snow，we decided to spend the holiday at home．
Registered
shouted
written
blocked
8．(2022·石家庄质量检测)When he was ready to leave he found his bicycle's front tyre(轮胎) flat．He had to look for a place along the street to get his bicycle ________ (repair)．
repaired第2讲 非谓语动词
题型 高考典题试做 命题角度解读
语法填空 1．(2022·全国甲卷)A visually challenged man from Beijing recently hiked(徒步) 40 days to Xi'an，as a first step to_journey(journey) the Belt and Road route(路线) by foot． 2．(2022·全国甲卷)Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation held (hold) in Beijing，Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute(致敬) to the ancient Silk Road． 3．(2022·全国甲卷)He flew 4，700 kilometers from Xi'an to Kashgar on Sept．20，planning (plan) to hike back to Xi'an in five months． 4．(2022·全国乙卷)It can help to build a community with a shared(share) future for mankind... 1．考查非谓语动词的句法功能(状语、定语、宾语、补语、主语和表语等)，以考查主语、宾语、状语居多； 2．考查固定搭配中的非谓语动词。
不定式
一、不定式的形式
语态形式 时态形式 主动 被动
一般式 to do to be done
完成式 to have done to have been done
二、不定式的功能
1．不定式作主语
(1)不定式作主语时，可以直接放在句首，谓语动词常用单数。
To enter a good university for further study is my goal now．
进入一所好大学深造是我现在的目标。
(2)不定式作主语时，更多放在谓语之后，用it作形式主语，常用于“It is/was＋adj．(＋for/of sb．)＋to do sth．”结构中。
It's rude to turn your back on your teacher and refuse to answer．
对老师不予理睬，拒绝回答问题是不礼貌的。
It's necessary for us to help those in need．
我们有必要帮助那些有困难的人。
2．不定式作宾语
(1)不定式可作intend(打算)，plan(计划)，expect(期望)，pretend(假装)，would like/love/prefer(喜欢)，wish(希望)，decide(决定)，agree(同意)，help(帮助)，manage(设法)，refuse(拒绝)，promise(答应)，attempt(企图)，choose(选择)，ask(询问)，learn(学习)，fail(失败)，afford(付得起)等动词的宾语。
The teacher decided to pretend to have known what the boys had done．He chose not to ask the boys but expected to be told everything．
老师决定假装已经知道这些男孩子们做了什么。他选择不去问孩子们，但是期望被告知一切。
(2)在某些动词如find，think，consider，feel，make，believe等后，常用it作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语(不定式)后置。
He feels/thinks it important to learn English well，but finds it difficult to remember the words．
他认为学好英语很重要，但是发现记单词很难。
3．不定式作表语
不定式作表语，主语往往是dream，goal，aim，purpose，plan 等表示“意向、打算、计划”的词。
My dream is to become a doctor after my graduation from university．
我的梦想是大学毕业后当一名医生。
4．不定式作定语
(1)当被修饰词是序数词，the only，the next和形容词最高级或名词/代词被这些词修饰时，常常用不定式作定语。
John is always the first one to come up with a good idea．
约翰总是第一个想出好办法的人。
(2)修饰某些名词，如chance，opportunity，way，ability，plan 等。
I feel greatly honored to have the chance to deliver a speech here．
有机会在这里发表演讲，我感到万分荣幸。
5．不定式作状语
(1)不定式作目的状语时，常位于句首或句中，形式上可用in order to do，so as to do，to do等，但so as to do不能置于句首。
I got up early so as to/in order to/to catch the early bus in the morning．
我早晨早起是为了赶早班车。
(2)不定式作结果状语时，常用于too...to...，enough to，so/such...as to结构中。only/just to do常表示出乎意料的结果。
I asked Mum to put up the tent excitedly，only to be told the tent had been left behind．
我兴冲冲地让妈妈搭帐篷，却被告知帐篷忘带了。
(3)在be happy/glad/sorry/sad/surprised to do sth．结构中作原因状语。
I am extremely glad to know that you are coming to China for a visit during the summer holiday．
我很高兴得知暑假你要来中国旅游。
6．不定式作宾语补足语
(1)在很多动词后都可以用不定式作宾语补足语，如：ask，want，invite，get，force，expect，allow，persuade，order，warn，remind，prefer，cause，permit，forbid，advise，teach，tell等。
I am writing to invite you to come to my birthday party．
我写信邀请您来参加我的生日聚会。
(2)下列动词(短语)接省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语：“一感”(feel)，“二听”(hear，listen to)，“三使”(let，have，make)，“五看”(see，notice，observe，watch，look at)，“半帮助”(help)，但在变为被动语态时需加to。
I often hear the girl sing the song which is popular recently．＝The girl is often heard to sing the song which is popular recently by me．
我经常听到这个女孩唱这首最近很流行的歌。
单句语法填空
1．(2022·四川宜宾二模)Designers' inspiration from jade for a second time honors the Chinese capital's unique status－the first city to_host (host) both the Summer and Winter Olympics．
2．(2022·安阳二模)To_give(give)me a special impression when we first met, he even bought me flowers．
3．(2022·北戴河模拟)To_free (free) ourselves from the physical and mental tensions，we each need deep thought and inner quietness．
4．(2022·福州联考)Shanghai simplified the procedures for skilled foreigners working in the city to get residence permits within three days, the city's latest measure to_attract (attract) overseas workers．
5．(2022·长沙模拟)In Vancouver it is unusual to_see (see) a bear，but in some cities you can see big animals on the city streets every day．
6．(2022·襄阳模拟)The astronauts sincerely invited young viewers to_conduct(conduct) similar experiments along with them to experience the fun of exploration．
7．(2022·咸阳二模)On this special day，many Chinese people decide to get married to_add(add) meaning to their special day．
8．(2022·张家口高三下学期4月摸底)Using a Luoyang shovel(铁铲)，and a brush to_sweep (sweep) away the dirt, and digging a blind box, you can harvest a piece of bronze ware from the Shang Dynasty．
动词 ing形式
一、动词 ing形式的构成
语态形式 时态形式 主动 被动
一般式 doing being done
完成式 having done having been done
二、动词 ing形式的功能
1．动词 ing形式作主语(doing/being done作主语不表示正在进行，只表示主/被动)
(1)动词 ing形式(短语)作主语时，可以直接放在句首。谓语动词常常用单数，但表示多于一个的概念时，谓语动词则用复数。
Playing cell phone games is his favourite．
玩手机游戏是他的最爱。
Dancing and skating are my hobbies，and I also like to read short stories．
跳舞和溜冰是我的爱好，同时我也喜欢读短篇小说。
Being laughed at in public made me embarrassed．
当众被人嘲笑让我感到尴尬。
(2)有时用it作形式主语，常用于It is/was a waste (of...)/no use/no good/no pleasure doing sth．结构中。
It is no use trying to persuade such a stubborn person．
想要说服这样一个固执的人是没有什么用处的。
2．动词 ing形式作宾语(doing/being done作宾语不表示正在进行，只表示主/被动)
(1)动词 ing 形式(短语)可以作介词的宾语。
I help Mum out by doing the housework that I can do．
我通过做力所能及的家务活帮助妈妈。
[易错提醒]
以下短语中to 都是介词
be used to习惯于 object to 反对
devote oneself to 致力于 stick to坚持
pay attention to注意 look forward to期盼
(2)动词 ing形式(短语)可以作某些及物动词的宾语。这类动词有：
mind(介意)，miss(错过)，mention(提到)，enjoy(喜欢)，escape(逃避)，practise(练习)，postpone(推迟)，suggest(建议)，stand/bear/tolerate(忍受)，consider(考虑)，keep(保持)，avoid(避免)，admit(承认)，advise(建议)，allow/permit(允许)，appreciate(感激)，risk(冒险)，resist(抵制)，recommend(建议)，finish(完成)，forbid(禁止)，imagine(想象)，dislike(不喜欢)，delay(延迟)，quit(放弃)，deny(否认)等。
Little Tom is considering quitting practising playing the violin because his neighbor couldn't tolerate listening to the noise every day．
小汤姆正考虑放弃练习拉小提琴，因为他的邻居难以忍受每天听到这噪声。
3．动词 ing形式作表语
(1)doing作表语表示笼统的、抽象的概念。
My hobby is reading books．
我的兴趣爱好是读书。
(2)如果是和情绪相关的动词 ing形式，则形容词意义较强，表示“令人……的”，往往物作主语。如：amazing，boring，confusing，disappointing，exciting，frightening，surprising等。
The news is surprising．
这则消息令人吃惊。
4．动词 ing形式作定语(当被修饰的名词与动词 ing形式之间为主动关系且动作正在进行时，用doing；当被修饰的名词与动词 ing形式之间为被动关系且表示动作正在进行时，用being done)
(1)单个的动词 ing 形式作定语，放在被修饰词之前。置于名词前作定语，表示被修饰的名词的动作、特征、用途和性能。
a sleeping child睡着的孩子
a swimming pool游泳池
(2)动词 ing形式短语作定语，要放在被修饰词之后。
the girl wearing a red dress穿红裙子的女孩
the bridge being built now现在在建的大桥
5．动词 ing形式作状语
(1)doing与句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，与句中谓语动作同时或几乎同时发生。
Walking in the street，I came across an old friend．走在大街上，我碰到一个老朋友。
(2)having done与句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，且先于谓语动作发生。
Having waited in line for two hours，the old man became impatient．
已经排了两小时的队，这位老人变得不耐烦了。
(3)having been done与句子主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且先于谓语动作发生。
Having been told many times，the boy still made the same mistake again and again．
已经被告知很多次了，这个男孩还是一次又一次犯相同的错。
6．动词 ing形式作宾语补足语
动词 ing形式作宾语补足语时，宾语与宾语补足语之间在逻辑上是主谓关系，结构为vt．＋sb．/sth．＋doing...。可以用于此结构的动词(短语)有：feel，catch，find，listen to/hear，have/keep/get/leave，see/watch/look at/observe/notice。
I am sorry for keeping you waiting for me for such a long time．
很抱歉让你等我这么长时间。
The headmaster was angry to catch some students smoking again．
又一次抓住一些学生吸烟，校长很生气。
单句语法填空
1．(2022·武昌模拟)Not_knowing (know) which university to attend，the girl asked her teacher for advice．
2．(2022·南通三测)He enjoys listening(listen) to violin music，playing(play) basketball，swimming(swim) and reading(read)．
3．(2022·北戴河一中模拟)Mary's being_late(late) for class made her teacher angry．
4．(2022·黄山中学模拟)It is no use arguing(argue) with him about such a matter．
5．(2022·平阴县模拟)I looked up and noticed a snake winding(wind) its way up the tree to catch its breakfast．
6．(2022·临沂市联考)The matter being_discussed(discuss) now is so important that it will attract everyone's attention．
7．(2022·滨州模拟)Facial recognition technology is working well at tourist attractions around China，reducing(reduce) the time people spend standing in lines at entries or security checks．
8．(2022·大理实验高中模拟)It tells a touching (touch) story that highlights Chinese families．
过去分词
1．过去分词作定语
单个的过去分词作定语，往往放在被修饰词之前；过去分词短语作定语，常放在被修饰词之后。及物动词的过去分词作定语往往表示被动和完成；不及物动词的过去分词作定语不表示被动，只表示完成。
a broken glass 一只打碎的玻璃杯
the bridge completed last month
上个月竣工的大桥
fallen leaves落叶
2．过去分词作状语
其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语，且主语是过去分词动作的承受者，过去分词与主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系。
Seen from the top of the mountain，our city looks beautiful．
从山顶上望去，我们的城市很美。
3．过去分词作宾语补足语
过去分词作宾语补足语时，宾语与宾语补足语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，构成vt．＋sb．/sth．＋done结构。
She had to raise her voice to make herself heard．
她不得不提高嗓门使自己被听到。
The old man wanted his old watch repaired．
这位老人想要找人修他的旧手表。
4．过去分词作表语
如果是和情绪相关的动词的过去分词形式，则形容词意义较强，表示“感到……的”，主语往往是指人的名词。如：amazed，bored，confused，disappointed，excited，frightened，surprised等。
I felt really surprised when she told me the exciting news．
当她告诉我这个令人兴奋的消息时，我感到非常惊讶。
单句语法填空
1．(2022·陕西商洛一模)We have traditional Zhongshan suit, Cheongsam and many other suits created(create) by ethnic minorities．
2．(2022·河南新乡二模)A company named(name) SpaceX is hoping to land civilian astronauts on Mars．
3．(2022·九江二模)The world's first express train with a studio powered (power) by 5G tech has been launched．
4．(2022·保定市4月模拟)Registered (register) dieticians and nutritionists can work in clinics, in the community, and in management．
5．(2022·东营冲刺卷)He was sleeping when he heard his name shouted(shout) from the outside．
6．(2022·周口市联考)Clearly and thoughtfully written (write)，the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers．
7．(2022·梅州二模)When we saw the road blocked (block) with snow，we decided to spend the holiday at home．
8．(2022·石家庄质量检测)When he was ready to leave he found his bicycle's front tyre(轮胎) flat．He had to look for a place along the street to get his bicycle repaired (repair)．
