中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
【2024中考英语二轮复习 题型模拟训练】
06 阅读理解：说明文
Have you ever heard of expressive writing
Writing about a terrible or difficult situation is called “expressive writing”. People who do this, record their deepest thoughts and feelings. Doctor Pan, leader of this study of expressive writing as a highly effective way to deal with painful experiences, says these people often show excellent mental and physical condition afterwards.
Expressive writing is effective because it allows you to make sense out of an upsetting and even heart-breaking experience. As you write, you are recognizing what is happening around, and accepting that something is bothering you is an important first step. Next, translating that experience into language forces you to organize your thoughts and gives you a sense of control.
Thinking or talking about an event seems useful. However, the more you think or talk about it, the more likely you will find yourself in a mess. As a result, you get completely lost in your own emotions and finally lose self-control. Writing works differently as it makes you slow down. The act of labeling a feeling of putting words to an emotion can ease(缓解) the neural(神经系统的) activities in the brain.
What if you don’t consider yourself “a writer” Don’t worry about spelling or grammar. Take it easy when you choose the words or expressions. Only dig into your inner self. The goal of the exercise is to find meaning in an upsetting event.
Many people have tried this method. After his father was rushed to the hospital because of a serious heart attack, 43-year-old Alex began to panic. So he did the one thing that would calm himself: he wrote. He thinks of it as a captain’s life buoy(救生衣). “My expressive writing gave me the courage I need to face my fear and move on,” Alex says.
There are a few who are against this approach. According to them, expressive writing isn’t a magical solution. People shouldn’t fully trust the effect of expressive writing. Neither should they think of using it to replace other treatments. People who are faced with a serious mental disaster may not find it useful to do on their own, without medicine.
1．What’s the first step of expressive writing
A．To write down what is bothering you. B．To train yourself into an excellent writer.
C．To talk about your feelings to others. D．To think about the bad experience carefully.
2．Who is Alex
A．A captain on a ship. B．The son of a patient who has a serious heart attack.
C．A doctor in a hospital. D．The leader of a study about expressive writing.
3．What does the underlined word “panic” mean according to the passage
A．Complain. B．Fear. C．Doubt. D．Guard.
4．What benefits does expressive writing have
a. It has a sense out of an upsetting experience.
b. It’s easy to lose your own emotions and self-control.
c. It forces you to organize your thoughts when writing.
d. It gives courage to face fear.
A．abc B．bcd C．acd D．abd
5．What’s the main idea of the last paragraph
A．Expressive writing can deal with all kinds of problems.
B．Some people don’t think expressive writing as a perfect way.
C．Expressive writing can help with serious mental disasters.
D．Medicine is not useful when someone has a mental disaster.
【答案】1．A 2．B 3．B 4．C 5．B
【导语】本文主要介绍了表达性写作。
1．细节理解题。根据“As you write, you are recognizing what is happening around, and accepting that something is bothering you is an important first step”可知表达性写作的第一步是意识到周围发生了什么，接受一些困扰你的事，故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据“After his father was rushed to the hospital because of a serious heart attack, 43-year-old Alex began to panic”可知Alex是一名有严重心脏病病人的儿子，故选B。
3．词义猜测题。根据“After his father was rushed to the hospital because of a serious heart attack, 43-year-old Alex began to panic”可知Alex的父亲有严重的心脏病，被送去了医院，可推测他应是惊慌的，故可推测panic的意思应是“惊慌失措”，与B项Fear“害怕，担忧”，词义相近，故选B。
4．细节理解题。根据“Expressive writing is effective because it allows you to make sense out of an upsetting and even heart-breaking experience.”可知表达性写作它能让你从令人沮丧甚至心碎的经历中获得意义；根据“Next, translating that experience into language forces you to organize your thoughts and gives you a sense of control.”可知表达性写作能让你把想法整理好，有一种控制感；根据“My expressive writing gave me the courage I need to face my fear and move on”可知表达性写作能让人有勇气面对恐惧，故选C。
5．段落大意题。根据“There are a few who are against this approach. According to them, expressive writing isn’t a magical solution. People shouldn’t fully trust the effect of expressive writing”可知本段主要表达的是有些人不认为表达性写作是一个好的方法，故选B。
The HST was sent into space on April 24th, 1990. Here, HST stands for Hubble Space Telescope. This telescope was named after the famous American scientist Edwin Hubble. The Hubble Space Telescope is as heavy as 11 tons and is 43 feet long. The power for the telescope is provided by a few solar panels (太阳能板).
The Hubble Space Telescope is the first large, space-based optical (光学的) telescope of the world. It takes pictures by using mirrors. The HST’s traveling speed is about 5 miles per second. This telescope is about 353 miles above the Earth. Till now, the Hubble Space Telescope has taken more than 1.2 million pictures, including pictures of black holes and planets. This telescope does not travel to stars or planets. It only takes their pictures.
The Hubble Space Telescope is different from other telescopes on Earth because it flies high above the Earth. It has a better view of things in space than telescopes on the Earth. The cameras placed in this telescope can see many different lights. These cameras take only black and white pictures. Scientists add different colors to those pictures later. After taking pictures of different things, it uses radio waves to send them through the air back to the Earth. Each month, this telescope sends back many pictures. The Hubble Space Telescope can see things that are far away but it cannot see a few nearby things like the Sun.
6．How did the HST get its power
A．From the moon. B．From the Earth. C．From the star. D．From the Sun.
7．What can we learn about the HST
A．It takes 1.2 million pictures every year. B．It travels to stars to take pictures.
C．It uses mirrors to take pictures. D．It mainly takes pictures of black holes.
8．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refer to
A．The telescope. B．The picture. C．The camera. D．The light.
【答案】6．D 7．C 8．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了哈勃望远镜的命名、特点以及不同于其他望远镜的优势。
6．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The power for the telescope is provided by a few solar panels.”可知，哈勃望远镜的动力是由太阳能板提供，而太阳能板的能量来自太阳。故选D。
7．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“It takes pictures by using mirrors.”可知，哈勃望远镜通过镜子捕捉画面。故选C。
8．词句猜测题。根据下文的“After taking pictures of different things, it uses radio waves to send them through the air back to the Earth. Each month, this telescope sends back many pictures.”可知，画线的it和句中的this telescope指代的都是同一物，即“哈勃望远镜”。故选A。
Dinner customs are different around the world. If you are a dinner guest in Ghana, this information will help you.
In Ghana dinner is usually from four in the afternoon to six in the evening. But there are no strict rules about time in Ghana. Whenever a guest arrives, a family offers food.
When you go to a home, the host takes you to the living room first. At this time everyone welcomes you. Then you go to the dining-room. There you wash your hands in a bowl of water. All the food is on the table.
In Ghana you usually eat with your fingers. You eat from the same dish as everyone else. But you eat from one side of the dish only. It is not polite to get food from the other side of the dish. After dinner, you wash your hands again in a bowl of water.
Most meals in Ghana have a dish called fufu. People in Ghana make fufu from the powder of some plants. Sometimes they cut the fufu with a saw because it is very hard and like rubber. You must chew fufu well, or you can get sick. You eat fufu with the fingers of your right hand only.
9．In the fourth paragraph, the writer wants to tell us ________.
A．what to eat in Ghana B．how much time to spend on a dinner
C．the way of eating D．different food at a dinner
10．If you are dinner guest to a family in Ghana, you’re first ________.
A．told some strict rules about dinner B．taken to the dining-room
C．taken to the living room D．told to wash your hands
11．The word “chew” in the last paragraph means ________.
A．smell B．taste
C．press with your hands D．crush with your teeth
12．At a dinner you eat food from ________.
A．the top of a dish B．the other side of the dish
C．the dish only for you D．just one side of a dish
13．In Ghana, ________.
A．dinner is always at six B．rules for dinner time are not strict
C．a family offers food only at four D．you don’t have to wash your hands again after dinner
【答案】9．C 10．C 11．D 12．D 13．B
【导语】本文主要介绍了在加纳的用餐礼仪。
9．主旨大意题。根据“In Ghana you usually eat with your fingers.…”可知，第四段主要介绍了吃饭的方式，故选C。
10．细节理解题。根据“When you go to a home, the host takes you to the living room first.”可知，主人先带你到客厅，故选C。
11．词义猜测题。根据“Sometimes they cut the fufu with a saw because it is very hard and like rubber. You must chew fufu well, or you can get sick.”可知，用锯子锯富富，因为它很硬，所以要好好咀嚼，所以划线单词与“crush with your teeth”词义相近，故选D。
12．细节理解题。根据“But you eat from one side of the dish only.”可知，只能从盘子的一边吃，故选D。
13．细节理解题。根据“But there are no strict rules about time in Ghana.”可知，在加纳没有严格的就餐时间规定，故选B。
More and more people are speaking to their computers or mobile devices to search for things online or on their hard drives. Voice recognition technology, like Google’s Voice Search or Apple’s Siri, means our technology is beginning to understand what we are saying. The technology research company Northstar recently conducted Google’s Mobile Voice Study and found that voice searches on mobile devices have more than doubled in the past year. Northstar said that voice search is a lot more popular among teenagers than adults. Researchers interviewed 1,400 Americans. They found that 55 per cent of teens use voice search at least once a day, compared with 41 per cent of adults.
Google’s Vice President for Conversational Search explained how important voice search is becoming. He said, “Voice search is a key feature of the Google app that’s becoming ever more important as people spend more time on their mobile phones.” The research found that many teenagers thought voice search was a normal part of technology, whereas adults said it made them feel “tech savvy”. Both teens and adults used voice search to multi-task while watching TV or cooking. Researchers said people used voice search for different purposes. One important use for teens was to study. Almost one-third of the 13-18-year-olds surveyed said they ask their phones for answers to their homework.
14．Why do more and more people speak to their computers or mobile devices
A．Because they like to show off.
B．Because they want to search for things online or on their hard drives.
C．Because this is the only way to look for information.
D．Because they are busy with others matters.
15．What does the underlined phrase “tech savvy” in paragraph two mean
A．Having a good knowledge of technology.
B．Caring about technology.
C．Improving technology.
D．Making full use of technology.
16．When do teens and adults use voice search to multi-task
A．When they read. B．When they cook.
C．When they do homework. D．When they become tired.
17．Which of the following is TRUE about voice search
A．It is more popular among adults than teenagers.
B．Teens use it to play games.
C．It is the achievement of the development of technology.
D．It suggests that people like talking more than they like typing.
18．What is the passage mainly about
A．Importance of computers and mobile phones.
B．Different purposes of using voice search.
C．Opinions on the right use of voice search.
D．Popularity of voice search among people.
【答案】14．B 15．A 16．B 17．C 18．D
【导语】本文主要讲述越来越多的人使用电子产品上的语言搜索功能，尤其是青少年这一群体。
14．细节理解题。根据“More and more people are speaking to their computers or mobile devices to search for things online or on their hard drives.”可知，因为他们想在网上或硬盘上搜索东西。故选B。
15．词句猜测题。根据“The research found that many teenagers thought voice search was a normal part of technology”可知，许多年轻人认为语音搜索是技术的正常部分，后文表示转折，说明后文中成年人不这样认为，即“精通技术”。故选A。
16．细节理解题。根据“Both teens and adults used voice search to multi-task while watching TV or cooking.”可知，青少年和成年人在看电视或烹饪时使用。故选B。
17．推理判断题。根据“Voice recognition technology, like Google’s Voice Search or Apple’s Siri, means our technology is beginning to understand what we are saying”可知语音识别技术意味着我们的技术开始理解我们在说什么，所以语音搜索是科技发展的成果。故选C。
18．主旨大意题。本文是讲述了越来越多的人使用电子产品上的语言搜索功能。故选D。
Do you have good friends Do you sometimes feel so close to them that they are like family to you
It turns out that this isn’t just an expression. A study has found that you and your friends have more genes （基因） in common than strangers do. Researchers looked at the genes of 1,932 people and compared them in pairs of unrelated friends and strangers. They found that friends have 1% of genes that match.
1% of genes may not sound like much to us, but to geneticists it is a larger number. In fact, this is the same amount of genes you share with your fourth cousins.
So do you happen to become friends with people who share your genes Not at all. In fact, it is evolution （进化） that brings you together.
People who share certain genes also share skills and have similar likes and dislikes. In ancient times, it was important that people who were alike stayed together. For example, people who had a similar susceptibility （易感性）, giving them a better chance to stay alive.
Among all the genes studied, those producing a change in sense of smell were the most similar in friends. This is probably because people who smell things in the same way are more easily drawn to similar environments. For example, people who like the smell of coffee may hang out at cafes more often and as a result are more likely to meet and become friends with each other.
With these findings, researchers have developed an interesting test called the “friendship score”.
It can help tell how likely two people will be friends by studying their genes.
So, here is a question for you: would you like to take this test and know in advance （提前） who your friends are going to be.
19．What does the author mean by saying “It turns out that this isn’t just an expression”
A．Friends look like our cousin.
B．Friends share 1% of genes with us.
C．Friends feel close to our family.
D．Friends can help us when we feel cold.
20．The writer takes the example of ancient people in Paragraph 5 to ________.
A．study how ancient people dealt with the cold
B．predict that similar environments lead to friendship
C．prove that it is evolution that brings friends together
D．explain why ancient people gave each other chance to keep alive
21．According to this passage, what is the right relationship
A．Evolve same skills and hobbies → Same Genes → Become friends
B．Same Genes → Evolve same skills and hobbies → Become friends
C．Same Genes → Become friends → Evolve same skills and hobbies
D．Become friends → Evolve same skills and hobbies → Same Genes
22．You decide to use the “friendship score” described in the article to make an App based on the purpose of the score. What’s the best name for your new App
A．Hello Gene! B．Gene Test C．Green Finder D．Gene Friends
【答案】19．B 20．C 21．B 22．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了基因与朋友之间的关系。
19．细节理解题。根据“They found that friends have 1% of genes that match.”可知，研究发现朋友有1%的基因匹配。故选B。
20．推理判断题。根据“So do you happen to become friends with people who share your genes Not at all. In fact, it is evolution that brings you together.”可知，事实上，是进化让你们走到了一起。所以第五段列举古人的例子是为了证明是进化使朋友聚在一起，故选C。
21．细节理解题。根据“Among all the genes studied, those producing a change in sense of smell were the most similar in friends. This is probably because people who smell things in the same way are more easily drawn to similar environments. For example, people who like the smell of coffee may hang out at cafes more often and as a result are more likely to meet and become friends with each other.”可知，正确的关系为：相同的基因→发展相同的技能和爱好→成为朋友，故选B。
22．标题归纳题。根据“A study has found that you and your friends have more genes in common than strangers do.”可知，根据分数的目的制作应用程序，新应用程序的最佳名称应该是“基因之友”，故选D。
For middle and primary school students, being able to cook has become a must. They will also need to learn how to plant vegetables, raise poultry (家禽) and mend home appliances (家电) under new requirements for labor education.
The Ministry of Education (MOE) brought out a new standard for labor education in schools last year. Starting from the 2022 fall semester, students in primary and middle schools have to take courses on labor skills at least once a week.
Labor education helps students value hard work. It includes things like household chores (家务), on-campus labor and community volunteer services.
The new standards include three types of labor tasks. The first is for things like everyday chores, including cleaning, organizing, cooking, and using and maintaining home appliances. Next is productive labor, including agriculture, making traditional handicrafts, and applying new technologies such as 3D printing and laser cutting (激光切割). The third type is service work, which includes volunteer work.
Schools in China have traditionally placed more focus on studying and many have seen household chores as a waste of children’s time. But according to the MOE, labor education must be built up to help students cultivate (培养) social values and develop an interest in labor.
Online, people have been busy discussing the new standards on social media.
Liu Fang, a mother of 6-year-old twins in Beijing, strongly supports labor education. For the past year, she has trained her daughters to do household chores and make simple dishes for the family.
“The main idea is to let them share responsibility as family members and become independent as early as they can,” said Liu. “Through doing housework, their hand-eye coordination (协调), time management and organization skills can be trained and it’s also good to help them relax.” Through such education, Liu said her twins have found fun in doing chores and are more independent.
23．Who should take part in the labor course according to the new standard for labor education in schools
A．students over 20 years old B．students in junior high school
C．parents D．teachers and students
24．What can students learn through labor education
a. How to plant vegetables.
b. How to raise chickens or ducks.
c How to be more focused in class.
d. How to fix computers or fridges.
A．abc B．abd C．bcd D．acd
25．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about
A．Why students should receive labor education.
B．What labor education was like in China in the past.
C．The types of labor education included in the new standard.
D．How students find a balance between their study and labor tasks.
26．What does Liu Fang think of labor education
A．It’s too simple for students.
B．It isn’t fun enough for students
C．It takes up too much of students’ free time.
D．It helps students develop different skills.
27．What is the passage mainly about
A．New courses for primary school students.
B．Labor education for primary and middle school students.
C．Ways to cultivate students’ social values.
D．New technologies used in primary and middle schools.
【答案】23．B 24．B 25．C 26．D 27．B
【导语】本文着重介绍了教育部2022年秋季实施的劳动教育新标准的内容以及部分家长对其的看法。
23．细节理解题。根据“Starting from the 2022 fall semester, students in primary and middle schools have to take courses on labor skills at least once a week.”可知初中生应该参加劳动课程。故选B。
24．细节理解题。根据“They will also need to learn how to plant vegetables, raise poultry and mend home appliances under new requirements for labor education.”以及“The first is for things like everyday chores, including cleaning, organizing, cooking, and using and maintaining home appliances. Next is productive labor, including agriculture, making traditional handicrafts, and applying new technologies such as 3D printing and laser cutting. The third type is service work, which includes volunteer work.”可知如何种菜，如何养鸡养鸭，如何修电脑和冰箱都可以从中学习。故选B。
25．段落大意题。根据第四段“The first is for things like everyday chores, including cleaning, organizing, cooking, and using and maintaining home appliances. Next is productive labor, including agriculture, making traditional handicrafts, and applying new technologies such as 3D printing and laser cutting. The third type is service work, which includes volunteer work.”可知，介绍了教育部规定的学生劳动新标准的三个方面，即日常琐事，使用和维护家用电器，生产性劳动。所以第四段主要介绍新标准所包括的内容。故选C。
26．推理判断题。从刘芳所叙述中“Through doing housework, their hand-eye coordination, time management and organization skills can be trained and it’s also good to help them relax.”可知通过做家务，他们的手眼协调, 可以训练时间管理和组织技能，帮助他们放松心情也很好，因此是帮助孩子发展了不同的技能。故选D。
27．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文着重介绍教育部劳动教育关于中小学的实施的新标准。故选B。
If you don’t use your arms or your legs for some time, they will become weak; when you start using them again, they will gradually (逐渐地) become stronger again. Everybody knows this. Yet many people don’t seem to know that it is the same as our memory.
If a friend says that his arms and legs are weak, we know that it is his own fault. But if he tells us that he has a poor memory, many of us think that his parents are to blame (责怪), and few of us know that it is just his own fault.
Have you ever found that some people can’t read or write but they usually have better memories This is because they can’t read or write and they have to remember things; they can’t write them down in a little notebook. They must remember dates, names, songs and stories; so their memories are being exercised the whole time.
So if you want a good memory, learn from these people: practice remembering.
28．If you don’t use your arms or legs for some time, they will ________.
A．become strong B．break C．become weak D．hurt
29．What does the word “ fault” mean in the second paragraph
A．困难 B．过错 C．粗心 D．聪明
30．What do many people think of the person with a poor memory
A．His parents are to blame. B．He isn’t clever.
C．He is foolish. D．His parents are very clever.
31．Some people can’t read or write, but they usually have better memories because ________.
A．they are strong B．they often practice remembering things
C．they have strong arms and legs D．their parents are good
32．What does the passage mainly (主要) talk about
A．Arms and legs B．Exercise C．Behavior D．Memory
【答案】28．C 29．B 30．A 31．B 32．D
【导语】本文主要通过举例长时间不使用胳膊和腿，它们就会变得更弱，但是当你开始再次使用它们时，它们就会变得更强壮，这个跟我们的记忆是一样的，如果长时间不去记东西，记东西的能力就会越来越弱，所以我们如果想有一个好的记忆力，就要不断练习记忆。
28．细节理解题。根据“If you don’t use your arms or your legs for some time, they will become weak”可知如果你一段时间不使用你的胳膊或腿，它们会变得虚弱。故选C。
29．词义猜测题。根据“If a friend says that his arms and legs are weak, we know that it is his own fault”可知，如果一个朋友说他的胳膊和腿虚弱，我们知道这是他自己的错，是因为他自己不锻炼的原因，所以划线单词意为“过错”，故选B。
30．细节理解题。根据“But if he tells us that he has a poor memory, many of us think that his parents are to blame”可知，很多人会认为他的父母是罪魁祸首，故选A。
31．细节理解题。根据“This is because they can’t read or write and they have to remember things; they can’t write them down in a little notebook. They must remember dates, names, songs and stories; so their memories are being exercised the whole time”可知，因为他们不能读或写，所以他们必须经常练习记忆，故选B。
32．主旨大意题。根据全文内容可知，本文围绕“记忆力”这条主线展开描述，介绍如果想有一个好的记忆力，必须不断练习记忆，故选D。
Xinjiang lies in the northwest part of China. Its many cities are popular places for tourist such as Turpan, Kashi, Aksu and the provincial capital city Urumqi. As Xinjiang is a province with quite a lot of minority groups (少数民族), there are some local traditional festivals that we might not quite know of.
Grape Festival is one traditional festival in Turpan. It is the hometown of grapes. This world-known city welcomes the local people as well as international friends to celebrate the festival together. This festival is not just a celebration of Turpan’s most important agricultural product, but a good chance to enjoy the local way of life. During the yearly Turpan Grape Festival, wedding parties in the Uygur minority style and traditional singing and dancing activities are held. The trade fairs are also included. Besides, travelers may visit the grape, melon, and fruit streets.
Turpan Grape Festival is a special event to commemorate the ancient Silk Road so that people will not forget about this road. The road played an important role in connecting the communication of trade and cultures between the east and the west. Turpan is famous as an important point of the road.
33．Which of the following is the provincial capital city of Xinjiang
A．Aksu. B．Turpan. C．Kashi. D．Urumqi.
34．What is the underlined word “It” in Paragraph Two refer to
A．Grape Festival. B．Grape.
C．Turpan. D．Silk Road.
35．Which of the following is TRUE
A．Xinjiang is a popular tourist place in the northeast part of China.
B．Xinjiang doesn’t have many people from the minority groups.
C．Grape Festival in Turpan is a good way to enjoy the local way of life.
D．In the old times, Urumqi was the starting point of the ancient Silk Road
36．The underlined word “commemorate” probably means “ ________”.
A．remember B．forget C．introduce D．continue
37．What is the passage mainly about
A．It tells us which part Xinjiang is in.
B．It introduces Grape Festival in Turpan.
C．It tells us the importance of Silk Road.
D．It tells us some traditional festivals in Xinjiang.
【答案】33．D 34．C 35．C 36．A 37．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了新疆及其传统节日——吐鲁番葡萄节。
33．细节理解题。根据第一段的关键词“the provincial capital city Urumqi”可知，新疆的省会城市是乌鲁木齐。故选D。
34．词句猜测题。根据第二段第一句可知，葡萄节是吐鲁番的一个传统节日，本句表示它是葡萄之乡，因此It指的是吐鲁番。故选C。
35．细节理解题。根据第二段“This festival is not just a celebration of Turpan's most important agricultural product, but a good chance to enjoy the local way of life.”可知，葡萄节不仅是为了庆祝吐鲁番最重要的农产品，也是一个享受当地生活方式的好机会。故选C。
36．词句猜测题。根据第三段的“so that people will not forget about this road”可知，吐鲁番葡萄节是为了让人们不忘记这条路，因此是纪念古丝绸之路的特殊活动。因此commemorate表示“纪念”，remember意思与之相近。故选A。
37．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了新疆及其传统节日——吐鲁番葡萄节。故选B。
China is a big country of food and its food culture is well-known in the world. From ancient China to modern China, food recipes (食谱) have been developed all the time, and some recipes are not only popular in China, but also all over the world.
Rice noodles cooked with river snails (螺蛳粉), a kind of popular street food of Liuzhou in Guangxi, are becoming a popular snack at home and abroad.
Known as Luosifen in Chinese, the dish is usually sold from roadside stands (路边摊) in night markets in Guangxi.
The dish was listed as part of Liuzhou’s intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产) in 2008 and became popular after being introduced in the food show A Bite of China in 2012. Since then, Luosifen restaurants have developed quickly across the country.
It’s said that 28.4 million packets (包) of Luosifen were sold on Taobao last year, becoming the most popular snack on the online marketplace.
According to the commerce office in Liuzhou, the value of prepackaged Luosifen reached about 5 billion yuan in the first half of the year.
It was also one of the best-selling foods during the COVID-19 in China.
Experts said that a total of around 7.5 million yuan’s (about $1.1 million) worth of Luosifen was exported from Liuzhou from January to June in 2020, eight times the total export value in 2019. In addition to the traditional export markets, including the US, Australia, France, the delicious dish has also been delivered to new markets such as Singapore and New Zealand.
On July 14, 2020, over 14,000 packets of Luosifen produced by Guangxi Luobawang Food Co., Ltd. (有限公司) were exported to Russia.
根据语篇内容，选择最佳选项。
38．Where are rice noodles cooked with river snails usually sold
A．On the roadside stands. B．In the supermarket. C．In the big restaurants.
39．Luosifen restaurants have developed quickly all over the country since ________.
A．the year 2008 B．the year 2012 C．the year 2019
40．What’s the meaning of the underlined word “export” in Chinese
A．进口 B．扩充 C．出口
41．Which of the following markets is new for rice noodles cooked with river snails
A．America. B．Australia. C．Singapore.
42．What does this article mainly talk about
A．Food. B．Education. C．Sport.
【答案】38．A 39．B 40．C 41．C 42．A
【导语】本文介绍了广西柳州一种很受欢迎的街头小吃——螺蛳粉，它正在成为国内外流行的小吃。
38．细节理解题。由“Known as Luosifen in Chinese, the dish is usually sold from roadside stands in night markets in Guangxi.”可知，用河螺煮的米粉通常在路边的摊位上出售。故选A。
39．细节理解题。由“The dish was listed as part of Liuzhou’s intangible cultural heritage in 2008 and became popular after being introduced in the food show A Bite of China in 2012. Since then, Luosifen restaurants have developed quickly across the country.”可知，then代指上一句提到的2012年。自2012年以来，螺蛳粉餐厅在全国范围内迅速发展。故选B。
40．词义猜测题。由下文提到的“including the US, Australia, France”可知，国内的产品销售到这些国家应该称为“出口”。由此推出画线单词“export”的意思是“出口”。故选C。
41．细节理解题。由“new markets such as Singapore and New Zealand.”可知，新加坡是螺蛳粉的新市场。故选C。
42．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍的是柳州螺蛳粉的发展壮大，截至目前它已成为畅销国内外的网红食品，因此这篇文章主要讲了食品。故选A。
Have you ever been in a class when all the students are kept in at lunchtime just because two or three students won’t stop talking The teacher gets irate and suddenly everyone is in trouble instead of just the students who caused the problem. This is called “collective (集体的) punishment” and many students in Australia want it stopped in schools.
Some say that collective punishment teaches young people that their behavior has an effect on other people. As most of us want to be liked and “fit in” (顺应), all students then feel that they have to behave well.
Others say that this type of punishment causes students to feel angry with the students who are not behaving well. It destroys trust and good relationships between classmates.
But collective punishment can harm students who want to do the right thing. Teachers at my school say that some students become too disappointed to come to school. They are unhappy because their class gets class detention (课后留校) most days and is known as the “bad group”.
A parent at this same school believes that this type of punishment is useful because it helps teachers to know which students are not behaving well. She thinks that when a class knows they may be given a detention, the students who were doing the wrong thing will own up (承认).
Our school’s psychologist (心理学家), Miriam Koch, says that students who have learning difficulties and keep making trouble in classrooms often have poor social skills. Her opinion is that collective punishment can keep these students away from their classmates. She believes that it is best for teachers to use group rewards (奖励) and clear rules for students behavior to help develop teamwork.
43．What does the underlined word “irate” mean
A．Silent. B．Angry. C．Lost. D．Worried.
44．In what way is collective punishment good
A．It gets students to work harder. B．It brings students hearts closer.
C．It helps keep order in the classroom. D．It helps form good teacher-student relationships.
45．How can collective punishment harm students who want to do the right thing
A．They feel unloved. B．They copy bad behavior.
C．They hate to go to school. D．They avoid seeing people
46．Why does the parent find collective punishment useful
A．It helps teachers to find troublemakers.
B．It makes students tell on one another.
C．It allows students to know one another better.
D．It gets teachers to help badly-behaved students.
47．What does Miriam Koch think of troublemakers in a classroom
A．They want to get rewards. B．They have good social skills.
C．They are not clear about rules. D．They may get worse after collective punishment.
【答案】43．B 44．C 45．C 46．A 47．D
【导语】本文主要讨论了个别学生犯错应不应该对全体学生进行集体惩罚的问题。
43．词义猜测题。根据“The teacher gets irate and suddenly everyone is in trouble instead of just the students who caused the problem.”可知，老师“生气”了，以致全体同学都遭殃。故选B。
44．推理判断题。根据第二段中“As most of us want to be liked and “fit in” (顺应), all students then feel that they have to behave well.”可知，集体惩罚有助于维持班级秩序。故选C。
45．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Teachers at my school say that some students become too disappointed to come to school.”可知，好学生因为对自己的集体感到失望会变得厌学。故选C。
46．细节理解题。根据第二段中“A parent at this same school believes that this type of punishment is useful because it helps teachers to know which students are not behaving well.”可知，这位家长认为集体惩罚可以帮老师找出表现不好的学生。故选A。
47．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Her opinion is that collective punishment can keep these students away from their classmates.”可知，集体惩罚会让这些总是惹麻烦的学生与其他同学的关系更加疏远，因此他们会变得更加糟糕。故选D。
Do you have social jetlag
Our sleep changes through our lives in many different ways. When it comes to the hours of sleep that we need, they seems to become less as we get older. Even though it may seem that teenagers need a lot of sleep,14-year-old to 17-year-old typically need around 8 to 10 hours per night, which isn’t too dissimilar to adults 7 to 9 hours per night .
The timing of our sleep changes as we age. During adolescence（青春期）, sleep timing becomes later. Interestingly, this change in sleep timing happens in adolescents around the world and is even found in other mammals（哺乳动物）. Because society is changing and young people often have to live out of their natural ways because they have to get up early to go to school in the week. If they are unable to fall asleep early, this can mean they may not sleep enough. When the weekend arrives, they have more control over their schedule（日程安排）, so ★. They may try to “catch up” on sleep loss during the school week.
This shift in sleep timing has been called “social jetlag”, as a change in schedule can lead to jetlag symptoms（症状）. Social jetlag has been connected with factors including fatness and unhappiness. It is sometimes suggested that a weekend lie-in （睡懒觉） is fine, but that proper wake time should be within two hours of that during the weekday, to make people become well from no enough sleep, while stopping social jetlag from becoming worse.
48．What do we know about the hours of sleep ________
A．Most teenagers need less sleep than adults.
B．We need more sleep as we grow older.
C．The hours of sleep change through our lives in almost the same way.
D．There are small differences in the hours of sleep adults and children need.
49．Which of the following can be put in ★ ________
A．they get up earlier.
B．they stay up late and play games.
C．they fall asleep earlier and wake up later.
D．they talk about their school lives with their parents.
50．Which of the following may best describe “social jetlag” ________
A．A change in sleep timing.
B．A symptom of unhappiness.
C．A feeling about sleep loss.
D．An action of a weekend lie-in.
51．According to the passage, to stop social jetlag from becoming worse, we can ________.
A．wake up at 7:30 on the weekday and wake up at 9:00 on the weekend
B．wake up two hours earlier on weekends than the wake time on weekdays
C．take a nap often and wake up at the same time on the weekend
D．have a weekend lie-in all the morning and not wake up till noon
52．The writer’s writing purpose is to ________.
A．tell people something about “social jetlag”
B．advise people to go to bed early and get up early
C．show his surprise about the change in people’s lives
D．show the society is developing
【答案】48．D 49．B 50．A 51．A 52．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了发生在青春期的青少年身上的“社交时差”现象，并由此建议他们周末睡懒觉的时间控制在两小时以内。
48．细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“which isn’t too dissimilar to adults 7 to 9 hours per night.”可知，青少年所需的睡眠时间与成年人的相差不大。故选D。
49．推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“They may try to ‘catch up’ on sleep loss during the school week.”可知，他们在上学的日子里可能努力补觉。由此推断出，他们在周末可能会熬夜玩游戏。故选B。
50．词句猜测题。根据最后一段第一句“This shift in sleep timing has been called ‘social jetlag’”可知，这是一种睡眠时间上的改变。故选A。
51．细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“but that proper wake time should be within two hours of that during the weekday, to make people become well from no enough sleep, while stopping social jetlag from becoming worse.”可知，为了防止“社交时差”变得更糟，作者建议适当的起床时间应该在工作日的两小时之内。故选A。
52．主旨大意题。根据标题“Do you have social jetlag ”并结合文章大意可知，作者旨在向人们介绍“社交时差”的现象。故选A。
Nobody wants to lose, but we must accept that losing is a part of life. After all, we can’t win all the time. However, we can learn something valuable from every failure (失败). This may help us succeed in the future. So we must know how to be a good loser.
We mustn’t be afraid of losing. When we lose, just take it with a smile and look on the bright side of it. Failure can’t be avoided in our life. Edison failed 10, 000 times before he invented the light bulb (灯泡). When he was asked how he felt, he said that he hadn’t failed10, 000 times but had learned 10, 000 things which didn’t work. We must know that history is full of examples of men and women who achieved success although they failed many times.
Losing is not very disgraceful. We must accept our failure and learn to take advantage of it. Remember that it can be helpful. Take action to walk out of it. When we lose, think about what we did and how we can improve. If someone else can help, we’ll be lucky enough. Maybe he or she has been through the same experience before. Many people enjoy helping others solve problems. This can save us a lot of time in learning how to avoid the same mistakes in the future.
We should face our failure when we lose. There is only one winner in every competition. Some win, while some lose. That is a usual way of life. If we offer our congratulations (祝贺) to the winners and share in their happiness, we won’t feel sorry for our failure.
In a word, being a good loser will help us to succeed in life. It might be painful at the beginning, but there are many advantages. Good losers set examples to us, and most importantly, they finally win.
53．What can we learn from every failure according to the text
A．A way of life. B．A valuable thing. C．A secret of success.
54．In the writer’s eyes, why did Edison achieve success
A．He got help from others. B．He avoided possible mistakes. C．He saw the bright side of losing
55．What does the underlined word “disgraceful” probably mean
A．Bad. B．Personal. C．Dangerous.
56．What does the writer advise the losers to do in a competition
A．Express the regrets. B．Forget the failure. C．Share in the winners’ enjoyment.
57．What is the best title for the text
A．Ideas about How to Avoid Mistakes
B．Advice on How to Be a Good Loser
C．Advantages of both Success and Failure
【答案】53．B 54．C 55．A 56．C 57．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了我们要从失败中学习，做一个好的失败者会帮助我们在生活中取得成功。
53．细节理解题。根据“However, we can learn something valuable from every failure (失败).”可知，我们可以从每一次失败中学到一些有价值的东西。故选B。
54．细节理解题。根据“When he was asked how he felt, he said that he hadn’t failed10, 000 times but had learned 10, 000 things which didn’t work.”可知，爱迪生认为他没有失败一万次，而是学到了一万件不起作用的东西。故选C。
55．词义猜测题。根据“We must accept our failure and learn to take advantage of it. Remember that it can be helpful.”可知，我们必须接受我们的失败并学会利用它。记住它是有帮助的。所以disgraceful意思是坏的，即失败并不是坏事情，故选A。
56．细节理解题。根据“If we offer our congratulations (祝贺) to the winners and share in their happiness, we won’t feel sorry for our failure.”可知，如果我们向获奖者表示祝贺并分享他们的快乐，我们就不会为我们的失败感到遗憾。故选C。
57．最佳标题题。根据“However, we can learn something valuable from every failure (失败). This may help us succeed in the future. So we must know how to be a good loser.”和“In a word, being a good loser will help us to succeed in life.”可知，本文主要讲述了我们要从失败中学习，做一个好的失败者会帮助我们在生活中取得成功。B项“关于如何成为一个好失败者的建议”符合内容，故选B。
Every morning at dog parks, you can find many people sitting and chatting with one another as their dogs run and chase each other around. Dog parks have become quite hot since 2009.
Dog parks sound like a good idea. According to a survey, 91 percent of Americans believe dog parks give dogs safe places to exercise. These parks, they say, also allow dogs to socialize（交际）. However, are dog parks as good for dogs as people think Many dog experts（专家）, including myself, have a different voice to offer.
To start with, “dog socialization” isn’t just dogs “socializing” with other dogs. Instead, it is the process of puppies（小狗） under 20 weeks going through new experiences. This process helps them to have more confidence. Dog parks are not safe places to “socialize” a young dog. An energetic, noisy greeter at the park may be enough to cause it to be afraid of everything. A park setting also allows dogs to pick up bad habits from one another.
Yet one of the biggest dangers of dog parks is that most dogs there don’t receive vaccines（疫苗）. Some dog parks look clean, but it is still easy for dogs to spread diseases to each other. Moreover, dog parks often allow large and small dogs to be together. Sometimes, a large dog may easily hurt a smaller one seriously.
To conclude, it is far safer and more fun for your dog to keep away from dog parks and spend that time with you. You can also take your puppy to puppy classes. They are much better places for dogs to socialize than dog parks. There, your dog can meet playmates of similar ages.
58．What does the underlined word it refer to in Paragraph 3
A．A noisy dog. B．A young dog. C．An energetic dog. D．A sick dog.
59．What does Paragraph 4 mainly tell us
A．The rules of the dog parks. B．The risks of the dog parks.
C．The safety tips from the dog parks. D．The new experiences in the dog parks.
60．The purpose of this passage is to ________.
A．expect dog parks to have a stronger and better management
B．call on dog parks to offer different classes to different dogs
C．encourage more dog owners to take their dogs to dog parks
D．advise dog owners to find other ways to help dogs socialize
【答案】58．B 59．B 60．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了狗狗公园的利弊。作者认为虽然狗狗公园是一个受到狗主人喜欢的地方，但也存在很多不安全的因素。
58．词义猜测题。根据第三段“ Dog parks are not safe places to“socialize”a young dog. An energetic, noisy greeter at the park may be enough to cause it to be afraid of everything. ”可知，狗狗公园不是让小狗“社交”的安全场所，公园里一个充满活力、吵闹的迎宾员可能会让它害怕一切。此处it指代的是前句提到的young dog。故选B。
59．主旨大意题。根据第四段“Yet one of the biggest dangers of dog parks is that most dogs there don’t receive vaccines”可知，然而狗狗公园最大的危险是大部分狗都没有接种疫苗。选项B“狗公园的风险”符合段落大意。故选B。
60．推理判断题。根据最后一段“To conclude, it is far safer and more fun...similar ages.”可知，总而言之，远离狗狗公园，和你在一起对你的狗来说是更安全更有趣的，你可以带它去小狗班，在那里你的狗可能会遇到年龄相仿的玩伴。所以作者不建议主人带狗去狗公园，而是建议他们用其他方法帮助狗狗社交。选项D表述符合写作目的。故选D。
“I’ll finish my homework before playing video games.”
“Your dress looks beautiful.”
“I won’t spend all the money on snacks.”
All lies! Most of us have told a lie at one time or another. However, scientists found that lying can harm your brain (大脑). It may stop you from doing other important tasks.
When you tell the truth, your brain doesn’t have to do any extra (额外的) work. But lying takes much more work.
Imagine you’re late to class. The teacher asks why and you decide to lie. So you say: “I picked up a book from the library.” Your teacher asks, “The book I assigned (布置) last time ” Then you must decide how to answer the question. If you say yes, the teacher might ask to see the book. So you might say: “No.” Now you have to think of a book title. You need to make sure it’s a book the library actually has. See When you lie, your brain works a lot more to keep the lie from falling apart.
You just gave your brain a lot of extra work. An area called the prefrontal cortex (前额皮质) does the work. It’s the part in charge of short memory. That area also takes care of planning, problem-solving and self-control.
Using too much brainpower to lie means there’s less available for other things-like solve math problems. Lying is even harder for young people. The prefrontal cortex is not fully developed until age 25. So when young people are busy with lying, they’ll have a harder time doing other things, like making study plans or eating a healthy diet. So think twice before lying next time!
61．What did the scientists find out about telling lies
A．It happens quite often. B．Most students have done it.
C．It is bad for people’s brains. D．It’s an important way to protect oneself.
62．What happens to your brain when you lie
A．It works more slowly. B．It has to do some extra work.
C．It often says yes to others. D．It becomes better at answering questions.
63．According to the story, why is it harder for people under 25 to tell lies
A．Because they are not clever enough.
B．Because they have too much brainpower.
C．Because they don’t have fully grown brains.
D．Because they are still learning how to talk to other people.
64．What is the best title of the passage
A．More lies, more work B．Lies make us healthy
C．Lies grow with age D．Lies are difficult
【答案】61．C 62．B 63．C 64．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了说谎对大脑的伤害以及在说谎时，你的大脑还需要进行更多的额外工作。
61．细节理解题。根据“However, scientists found that lying can harm your brain.”可知，科学家们发现说谎会伤害你的大脑，即说谎对你的大脑有害。故选C。
62．细节理解题。根据“When you tell the truth, your brain doesn’t have to do any extra work. But lying takes much more work.”可知，当你说实话的时候，你的大脑不需要做任何额外的工作，在说谎时你的大脑会做更多额外的工作。故选B。
63．推理判断题。根据“Lying is even harder for young people. The prefrontal cortex is not fully developed until age 25.”可知，对于年轻人来说，说谎更加困难因为前额皮质直到 25 岁才完全发育，可推测25岁以下年轻人说谎困难因为他们的前额皮质还没有发育完全，C选项“因为他们没有完全发育的大脑。”与文章相符。故选C。
64．标题归纳题。根据全文通篇主要介绍了说谎对大脑的伤害以及在说谎时，你的大脑还需要进行更多的额外工作，即更多的谎言，更多的工作。故选A。
Have you ever read Andersen’s fairy tale The Ugly Duckling (丑小鸭) Do you know that his motherland is Denmark It lies in northern Europe. Let me tell you something about it.
You can find almost any fast food in Denmark, such as hamburgers and hot dogs. Danish open-faced sandwiches are not only delicious, but also pretty and fun. They are works of art. Tasting some is an experience that shouldn’t be missed.
“Lego” toys were created in Denmark. The toys were made of wood before. Building with Legos helps students learn about engineering, physics and technology in a fun way. In 1968, the first Legoland theme park opened in Billund, Denmark. Today, there are Legoland parks in California, Florida, Malaysia, Dubai, Windsor, Japan and Germany.
Bicycling is popular in Denmark. Nine out of ten Danes have a bike. They ride their bikes no matter what the weather. They aren’t just riding bikes for fun. They use bikes to get to work, to take their kids to places, and even to carry goods. Today, more and more people are choosing bikes over cars. They have a saying in Denmark: “A bicycle is a Dane’s best friend.”
Denmark is called the land of fairy tales. Andersen’s another popular fairy tale is The Little Mermaid (美人鱼). The Little Mermaid statue (雕塑) has been regarded as Denmark’s most famous landmark since 1913. The Danes believe that she brings them good luck.
65．What does the underlined word “It” in Paragraph 1 refer to
A．The Ugly Duckling. B．Denmark. C．Europe. D．Fast food.
66．According to Paragraph 4, we can call Denmark “________”.
A．the country of bikes B．the land of fairy stories
C．the capital of art D．the home of Legos
67．Which of the following is true about the Little Mermaid statue
A．It’s called fairy land. B．It was built by Andersen.
C．It welcomes the ships there. D．It has been there for about 110 years.
68．What does the passage mainly talk about
A．Fairy tales. B．Andersen’s life.
C．Some facts about Denmark. D．The history of Denmark.
【答案】65．B 66．A 67．D 68．C
【导语】本文主要介绍了关于丹麦的一些事情。
65．词义猜测题。根据“Do you know that his motherland is Denmark It lies in northern Europe.”（你知道他的祖国是丹麦吗，它位于北欧）可知此处it指代“丹麦”。故选B。
66．细节理解题。根据“Bicycling is popular in Denmark”可知自行车在丹麦很受欢迎，所以可以叫丹麦为“自行车之国”。故选A。
67．细节理解题。根据“The Little Mermaid statue (雕塑) has been regarded as Denmark’s most famous landmark since 1913”可知自1913年以来，小美人鱼雕像一直被视为丹麦最著名的地标，所以小美人鱼雕像已经在那里大约110年了。故选D。
68．主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了关于丹麦的一些事情。故选C。
Scientists who study happiness have evidence (证据) to show that being kind to others can result in happiness. Acts as simple as buying a cup of coffee for someone can lift a person’s mood, for example. Everyday life is full of chances for such actions, yet people do not always make the most of them.
In studies, behavioral scientist Nicholas Epley and I examined a possible explanation: people who do kind acts underestimate (低估) how much the ones receiving kindness value their behavior.
In the experiments (实验), about 1, 000 people were asked to do some actions to make someone else feel good. We asked both the person performing (执行) the kind act and the one receiving it to answer some questions. The performers were asked to report their own experience and to guess how the receivers might feel. We wanted to understand how valuable people considered these acts to be, so both the performer and receiver had to rate (评分) how “big” the act seemed. In all cases, we compared the performer’s expectations of the receiver’s mood with the receiver’s actual (实际的) experience.
For one, both performers and receivers experienced more positive (积极的) moods. For another, the receivers felt much better than the kind performers expected. The receivers also rated these acts as “bigger” than the people performing them did.
At first, we studied acts of the kindness done for familiar people, such as friends, classmates or family. But we found that performers underestimated their positive influences on strangers as well. In one experiment, performers in a public park gave away hot chocolate on a cold winter’s day to people that just happened to be nearby. Again, the kind act brought more happiness than the performers expected.
These findings suggest that what might seem small could matter a great deal to the person we do it for. Considering these warm actions can improve our own mood and brighten the day of another person, why not choose kindness when we can
69．What did the receivers do in the experiments
A．They showed kindness to others.
B．They guessed the performers’ feelings.
C．They rated how valuable the performers’ act of kindness was.
D．They compared the performers’ expectations with their actual results.
70．What is paragraph 5 mainly about
A．Different purposes of the research. B．More evidence for the research results.
C．Possible influences of the research findings. D．Another explanation of the research methods.
71．What is the writer’s attitude (态度) towards showing kindness to others
A．Supportive. B．Unclear. C．Doubtful. D．Uninterested.
72．What is the main idea of this article
A．Being kind can reduce one’s happiness as expected.
B．Kindness can have unexpectedly positive influences.
C．Choosing kindness is more difficult than expected.
D．Showing kindness is more valuable than receiving it.
【答案】69．C 70．B 71．A 72．B
【导语】本文主要介绍了研究表明，善良会产生意想不到的积极影响。
69．细节理解题。根据“both the performer and receiver had to rate (评分) how ‘big’ the act seemed”可知接受者都必须对善意行为的程度进行评分。故选C。
70．主旨大意题。根据“At first, we studied acts of the kindness done for familiar people...the kind act brought more happiness than the performers expected.”可知本段主要介绍了一些证明研究结果的更多证据。故选B。
71．推理判断题。根据“why not choose kindness when we can ”可知作者建议我们要选择善良，所以作者对于对别人友善的行为是支持的。故选A。
72．主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了研究表明，善良会产生意想不到的积极影响。故选B。
Why do We Yawn
Do you yawn There are about 20 reasons that scientists think are possible for yawning after research. They do not know exactly why yawning happens, but they do know many facts about yawning.
We know that everyone yawns in the same way. First you open your mouth slowly. Your mouth stays open for about five seconds. You take in a lot of air and then push it out. Then you quickly close your mouth. We also know that yawning is contagious. When you see someone yawn, you yawn, too.
Many people say they yawn because they are bored or tired. That might be true. People do often yawn before they sleep and after they wake up. However, we know that people also yawn when they are excited or nervous. Olympic runners, for example, often yawn before a race. Why is that In 2007, scientists found that a yawn can help a warm brain cool down.
Some scientists believe that yawning makes you notice things more quickly. When you yawn, you breathe deeply. You also stretch (强化) the muscles (肌肉) in your face, mouth, and neck. Your eardrums stretch, too. Maybe this helps you to be quicker to notice things.
In some countries, people think yawning is not nice. People put their hands over their mouths to cover a yawn. In other countries, people think yawning is healthy. They think that opening the mouth very big can let good things in. When they breathe out, they think that bad things go out of the body with the air.
Scientists do not spend much time studying yawning. That is probably because yawning does not hurt. It is just something we do.
73．What does the underlined word “contagious” in Paragraph 2 mean
A．Able to spread quickly. B．Able to breathe easily.
C．Able to change easily. D．Able to sleep quickly.
74．Why do Olympic runners often yawn before a race
A．They are too tired or too bored.
B．A yawn can let good things in.
C．A yawn can help a warm brain cool down.
D．A yawn can stretch the muscles in their faces.
75．What is the main idea of Paragraph 5
A．Reasons for yawning. B．Advantages of yawning.
C．Disadvantages of yawning. D．Different ideas about yawning.
76．What can we probably infer from the passage
A．People use different ways to yawn.
B．Scientists will do further research on yawning.
C．It’s hard to notice things quickly while yawning.
D．Some scientists think yawning is good for people.
77．What would be the best structure of the passage
A． B． C． D．
【答案】73．A 74．C 75．D 76．D 77．B
【导语】本文主要介绍了关于打哈欠的事实。
73．词义猜测题。根据“When you see someone yawn, you yawn, too.”可知当别人打哈欠时，你也会打哈欠，所以哈欠是会传染的，划线部分单词意为“能够快速传播”。故选A。
74．细节理解题。根据“In 2007, scientists found that a yawn can help a warm brain cool down.”可知科学家发现打哈欠可以帮助温暖的大脑冷静下来。故选C。
75．主旨大意题。根据“In some countries, people think yawning is not nice...In other countries...”以及本段内容可知本文主要介绍了不同国家对于打哈欠的看法。故选D。
76．推理判断题。根据“scientists found that a yawn can help a warm brain cool down”以及“Some scientists believe that yawning makes you notice things more quickly”可知科学家发现打哈欠会帮助大脑冷静下来，能让你更快地注意到事情，由此可推知一些科学家认为打哈欠对人有好处。故选D。
77．篇章结构题。通读全文可知，第一段引出了话题；第二至第五段介绍了关于打哈欠的事实；第六段进行总结。故选B。
The Chinese pingfeng (folding screen) is an ancient invention and traditional Chinese furniture (家具). Its earliest common use dates from the Han Dynasty. The term pingfeng means protection from wind, showing its purpose at the very beginning.
As time passes, it has been made into different sizes with colourful paintings. On screens usually appears a dragon. It’s a symbol of light, growth and life-giving water. It also stands for nobility and power. The peacock, a beautiful bird, can be seen on screens, too. It’s a symbol of everlasting life. Beautiful flowers, which mean wealth and good luck, are also chosen as a popular design of the pingfeng. All the designs carry people’s beautiful wishes.
Behind the pingfeng lies an interesting story. In the past the unmarried daughter of a rich family was not supposed to see or be seen by men except her father, brothers or very close male cousins. When an admirer paid a visit however, she might take a secret look at him from a screen behind which she would be completely hidden. Her father would discuss poems with the young man and ask him to create one. If the daughter and her father were satisfied with the young man’s poem and his looks, she might agree to take him as a husband.
Today the pingfeng is back in fashion for its beauty and its practical (实际的) use as furniture. Acting as a moving wall or divider, it can be the perfect match (相配) for modern sofas and walls, which adds style to them.
The pingfeng is more than beautiful furniture.
78．What was the pingfeng used for at the very beginning
A．Protecting people from wind. B．Dividing a room.
C．Making a room beautiful. D．Hiding a person.
79．Which design is a symbol of wealth and good luck
A．The dragon. B．The peacock. C．The water. D．The flowers.
80．How does the writer develop his idea in Paragraph 2
A．By telling a story. B．By giving examples.
C．By comparing differences. D．By explaining the result.
81．What is the best title for the passage
A．The Practical Use of the Pingfeng
B．A Beautiful Story of the Pingfeng
C．Old Pingfeng in Modem Homes
D．The Hidden Beauty of the Pingfeng
【答案】78．A 79．D 80．B 81．D
【导语】本文主要介绍了屏风的相关信息。
78．细节理解题。根据“ Its earliest common use dates from the Han Dynasty. The term pingfeng means protection from wind, showing its purpose at the very beginning.”可知“屏风”一词的意思是防风，这是它的最初目的。故选A。
79．细节理解题。根据“Beautiful flowers, which mean wealth and good luck”可知美丽的花朵，意味着财富和好运。故选D。
80．推理判断题。根据“On screens usually appears a dragon...The peacock... Beautiful flowers”可知第二段举了几个例子说明屏风上常出现的东西。故选B。
81．最佳标题题。文主要介绍了中国屏风的用处以及它背后的一个故事，展示了屏风的隐藏之美，故以选项D“屏风的隐藏之美”为标题最合适。故选D。
Some animals can easily find their way home after a long journey. How do they make it Scientific research shows that they are born with certain unusual abilities for direction.
A certain kind of ants, for example, can count their steps to avoid getting lost. They can go as far as 110 metres and bring food home. These ants live in the open desert (沙漠), so they have nothing to guide them along the way. It’s like someone walking six kilometres through a dark forest.
Some fish have an unbelievable sense of smell. They can smell even a single drop of their home water in a large sea area. Some sea birds have a similar ability. They are able to make a smell map of their flying area.
Some animals can sense the earth’s magnetic field (磁场), while humans can’t. This magnetic field guides a certain kind of fish when they swim a long way to a place and then back. How can this kind of fish do that It is still a mystery. Scientists have no good answers yet.
However, animals with such unusual abilities still have difficulty dealing with environmental changes caused by human activities. For example, many birds depend on stars for direction, but they get lost easily at night when city lights are kept on all night. To solve this problem, we can simply turn off some lights at night. Clearly, one small act of humans may mean a lot to animals.
82．Where is this passage most probably from
A．A storybook. B．An art magazine.
C．A guidebook. D．A science magazine.
83．How can a certain kind of ants find their way
A．By imagining the way. B．By counting their steps.
C．By bringing food together D．By walking through a forest.
84．What does the underlined word “mystery” in paragraph 4 probably mean
A．Secret. B．Choice. C．Reason. D．Feeling.
85．What are people advised to do according to the last paragraph
A．To help animals. B．To travel at night.
C．To keep city lights on. D．To develop unusual abilities.
86．Which can be the best title for the passage
A．Birds’ Sense of Light B．Fish’s Sense of Smell
C．Animals’ Sense of Direction D．Animals’ Sense of Magnetic Field
【答案】82．D 83．B 84．A 85．A 86．C
【导语】本文介绍了动物天生就具有某些不寻常的方向感。
82．推理判断题。本文是围绕“动物的方向感”展开，可以在科学杂志上看到。故选D。
83．细节理解题。根据“A certain kind of ants, for example, can count their steps to avoid getting lost.”可知一些蚂蚁可以通过数步数来避免迷路。故选B。
84．词句猜测题。根据“It is still a mystery. Scientists have no good answers yet.”可知科学家还没有答案，因此可推知划线部分“mystery”与A选项“秘密”意思相近。故选A。
85．细节理解题。根据“However, animals with such unusual abilities still have difficulty dealing with environmental changes caused by human activities...Clearly, one small act of humans may mean a lot to animals.”可知本段说明人类的一个小举动可能对动物意义重大，因此是建议人们要帮助动物。故选A。
86．最佳标题题。本文介绍了动物天生就具有某些不寻常的方向感，“动物的方向感”为最佳标题。故填C。
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【2024中考英语二轮复习 题型模拟训练】
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Have you ever heard of expressive writing
Writing about a terrible or difficult situation is called “expressive writing”. People who do this, record their deepest thoughts and feelings. Doctor Pan, leader of this study of expressive writing as a highly effective way to deal with painful experiences, says these people often show excellent mental and physical condition afterwards.
Expressive writing is effective because it allows you to make sense out of an upsetting and even heart-breaking experience. As you write, you are recognizing what is happening around, and accepting that something is bothering you is an important first step. Next, translating that experience into language forces you to organize your thoughts and gives you a sense of control.
Thinking or talking about an event seems useful. However, the more you think or talk about it, the more likely you will find yourself in a mess. As a result, you get completely lost in your own emotions and finally lose self-control. Writing works differently as it makes you slow down. The act of labeling a feeling of putting words to an emotion can ease(缓解) the neural(神经系统的) activities in the brain.
What if you don’t consider yourself “a writer” Don’t worry about spelling or grammar. Take it easy when you choose the words or expressions. Only dig into your inner self. The goal of the exercise is to find meaning in an upsetting event.
Many people have tried this method. After his father was rushed to the hospital because of a serious heart attack, 43-year-old Alex began to panic. So he did the one thing that would calm himself: he wrote. He thinks of it as a captain’s life buoy(救生衣). “My expressive writing gave me the courage I need to face my fear and move on,” Alex says.
There are a few who are against this approach. According to them, expressive writing isn’t a magical solution. People shouldn’t fully trust the effect of expressive writing. Neither should they think of using it to replace other treatments. People who are faced with a serious mental disaster may not find it useful to do on their own, without medicine.
1．What’s the first step of expressive writing
A．To write down what is bothering you. B．To train yourself into an excellent writer.
C．To talk about your feelings to others. D．To think about the bad experience carefully.
2．Who is Alex
A．A captain on a ship. B．The son of a patient who has a serious heart attack.
C．A doctor in a hospital. D．The leader of a study about expressive writing.
3．What does the underlined word “panic” mean according to the passage
A．Complain. B．Fear. C．Doubt. D．Guard.
4．What benefits does expressive writing have
a. It has a sense out of an upsetting experience.
b. It’s easy to lose your own emotions and self-control.
c. It forces you to organize your thoughts when writing.
d. It gives courage to face fear.
A．abc B．bcd C．acd D．abd
5．What’s the main idea of the last paragraph
A．Expressive writing can deal with all kinds of problems.
B．Some people don’t think expressive writing as a perfect way.
C．Expressive writing can help with serious mental disasters.
D．Medicine is not useful when someone has a mental disaster.
The HST was sent into space on April 24th, 1990. Here, HST stands for Hubble Space Telescope. This telescope was named after the famous American scientist Edwin Hubble. The Hubble Space Telescope is as heavy as 11 tons and is 43 feet long. The power for the telescope is provided by a few solar panels (太阳能板).
The Hubble Space Telescope is the first large, space-based optical (光学的) telescope of the world. It takes pictures by using mirrors. The HST’s traveling speed is about 5 miles per second. This telescope is about 353 miles above the Earth. Till now, the Hubble Space Telescope has taken more than 1.2 million pictures, including pictures of black holes and planets. This telescope does not travel to stars or planets. It only takes their pictures.
The Hubble Space Telescope is different from other telescopes on Earth because it flies high above the Earth. It has a better view of things in space than telescopes on the Earth. The cameras placed in this telescope can see many different lights. These cameras take only black and white pictures. Scientists add different colors to those pictures later. After taking pictures of different things, it uses radio waves to send them through the air back to the Earth. Each month, this telescope sends back many pictures. The Hubble Space Telescope can see things that are far away but it cannot see a few nearby things like the Sun.
6．How did the HST get its power
A．From the moon. B．From the Earth. C．From the star. D．From the Sun.
7．What can we learn about the HST
A．It takes 1.2 million pictures every year. B．It travels to stars to take pictures.
C．It uses mirrors to take pictures. D．It mainly takes pictures of black holes.
8．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refer to
A．The telescope. B．The picture. C．The camera. D．The light.
Dinner customs are different around the world. If you are a dinner guest in Ghana, this information will help you.
In Ghana dinner is usually from four in the afternoon to six in the evening. But there are no strict rules about time in Ghana. Whenever a guest arrives, a family offers food.
When you go to a home, the host takes you to the living room first. At this time everyone welcomes you. Then you go to the dining-room. There you wash your hands in a bowl of water. All the food is on the table.
In Ghana you usually eat with your fingers. You eat from the same dish as everyone else. But you eat from one side of the dish only. It is not polite to get food from the other side of the dish. After dinner, you wash your hands again in a bowl of water.
Most meals in Ghana have a dish called fufu. People in Ghana make fufu from the powder of some plants. Sometimes they cut the fufu with a saw because it is very hard and like rubber. You must chew fufu well, or you can get sick. You eat fufu with the fingers of your right hand only.
9．In the fourth paragraph, the writer wants to tell us ________.
A．what to eat in Ghana B．how much time to spend on a dinner
C．the way of eating D．different food at a dinner
10．If you are dinner guest to a family in Ghana, you’re first ________.
A．told some strict rules about dinner B．taken to the dining-room
C．taken to the living room D．told to wash your hands
11．The word “chew” in the last paragraph means ________.
A．smell B．taste
C．press with your hands D．crush with your teeth
12．At a dinner you eat food from ________.
A．the top of a dish B．the other side of the dish
C．the dish only for you D．just one side of a dish
13．In Ghana, ________.
A．dinner is always at six B．rules for dinner time are not strict
C．a family offers food only at four D．you don’t have to wash your hands again after dinner
More and more people are speaking to their computers or mobile devices to search for things online or on their hard drives. Voice recognition technology, like Google’s Voice Search or Apple’s Siri, means our technology is beginning to understand what we are saying. The technology research company Northstar recently conducted Google’s Mobile Voice Study and found that voice searches on mobile devices have more than doubled in the past year. Northstar said that voice search is a lot more popular among teenagers than adults. Researchers interviewed 1,400 Americans. They found that 55 per cent of teens use voice search at least once a day, compared with 41 per cent of adults.
Google’s Vice President for Conversational Search explained how important voice search is becoming. He said, “Voice search is a key feature of the Google app that’s becoming ever more important as people spend more time on their mobile phones.” The research found that many teenagers thought voice search was a normal part of technology, whereas adults said it made them feel “tech savvy”. Both teens and adults used voice search to multi-task while watching TV or cooking. Researchers said people used voice search for different purposes. One important use for teens was to study. Almost one-third of the 13-18-year-olds surveyed said they ask their phones for answers to their homework.
14．Why do more and more people speak to their computers or mobile devices
A．Because they like to show off.
B．Because they want to search for things online or on their hard drives.
C．Because this is the only way to look for information.
D．Because they are busy with others matters.
15．What does the underlined phrase “tech savvy” in paragraph two mean
A．Having a good knowledge of technology.
B．Caring about technology.
C．Improving technology.
D．Making full use of technology.
16．When do teens and adults use voice search to multi-task
A．When they read. B．When they cook.
C．When they do homework. D．When they become tired.
17．Which of the following is TRUE about voice search
A．It is more popular among adults than teenagers.
B．Teens use it to play games.
C．It is the achievement of the development of technology.
D．It suggests that people like talking more than they like typing.
18．What is the passage mainly about
A．Importance of computers and mobile phones.
B．Different purposes of using voice search.
C．Opinions on the right use of voice search.
D．Popularity of voice search among people.
Do you have good friends Do you sometimes feel so close to them that they are like family to you
It turns out that this isn’t just an expression. A study has found that you and your friends have more genes （基因） in common than strangers do. Researchers looked at the genes of 1,932 people and compared them in pairs of unrelated friends and strangers. They found that friends have 1% of genes that match.
1% of genes may not sound like much to us, but to geneticists it is a larger number. In fact, this is the same amount of genes you share with your fourth cousins.
So do you happen to become friends with people who share your genes Not at all. In fact, it is evolution （进化） that brings you together.
People who share certain genes also share skills and have similar likes and dislikes. In ancient times, it was important that people who were alike stayed together. For example, people who had a similar susceptibility （易感性）, giving them a better chance to stay alive.
Among all the genes studied, those producing a change in sense of smell were the most similar in friends. This is probably because people who smell things in the same way are more easily drawn to similar environments. For example, people who like the smell of coffee may hang out at cafes more often and as a result are more likely to meet and become friends with each other.
With these findings, researchers have developed an interesting test called the “friendship score”.
It can help tell how likely two people will be friends by studying their genes.
So, here is a question for you: would you like to take this test and know in advance （提前） who your friends are going to be.
19．What does the author mean by saying “It turns out that this isn’t just an expression”
A．Friends look like our cousin.
B．Friends share 1% of genes with us.
C．Friends feel close to our family.
D．Friends can help us when we feel cold.
20．The writer takes the example of ancient people in Paragraph 5 to ________.
A．study how ancient people dealt with the cold
B．predict that similar environments lead to friendship
C．prove that it is evolution that brings friends together
D．explain why ancient people gave each other chance to keep alive
21．According to this passage, what is the right relationship
A．Evolve same skills and hobbies → Same Genes → Become friends
B．Same Genes → Evolve same skills and hobbies → Become friends
C．Same Genes → Become friends → Evolve same skills and hobbies
D．Become friends → Evolve same skills and hobbies → Same Genes
22．You decide to use the “friendship score” described in the article to make an App based on the purpose of the score. What’s the best name for your new App
A．Hello Gene! B．Gene Test C．Green Finder D．Gene Friends
For middle and primary school students, being able to cook has become a must. They will also need to learn how to plant vegetables, raise poultry (家禽) and mend home appliances (家电) under new requirements for labor education.
The Ministry of Education (MOE) brought out a new standard for labor education in schools last year. Starting from the 2022 fall semester, students in primary and middle schools have to take courses on labor skills at least once a week.
Labor education helps students value hard work. It includes things like household chores (家务), on-campus labor and community volunteer services.
The new standards include three types of labor tasks. The first is for things like everyday chores, including cleaning, organizing, cooking, and using and maintaining home appliances. Next is productive labor, including agriculture, making traditional handicrafts, and applying new technologies such as 3D printing and laser cutting (激光切割). The third type is service work, which includes volunteer work.
Schools in China have traditionally placed more focus on studying and many have seen household chores as a waste of children’s time. But according to the MOE, labor education must be built up to help students cultivate (培养) social values and develop an interest in labor.
Online, people have been busy discussing the new standards on social media.
Liu Fang, a mother of 6-year-old twins in Beijing, strongly supports labor education. For the past year, she has trained her daughters to do household chores and make simple dishes for the family.
“The main idea is to let them share responsibility as family members and become independent as early as they can,” said Liu. “Through doing housework, their hand-eye coordination (协调), time management and organization skills can be trained and it’s also good to help them relax.” Through such education, Liu said her twins have found fun in doing chores and are more independent.
23．Who should take part in the labor course according to the new standard for labor education in schools
A．students over 20 years old B．students in junior high school
C．parents D．teachers and students
24．What can students learn through labor education
a. How to plant vegetables.
b. How to raise chickens or ducks.
c How to be more focused in class.
d. How to fix computers or fridges.
A．abc B．abd C．bcd D．acd
25．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about
A．Why students should receive labor education.
B．What labor education was like in China in the past.
C．The types of labor education included in the new standard.
D．How students find a balance between their study and labor tasks.
26．What does Liu Fang think of labor education
A．It’s too simple for students.
B．It isn’t fun enough for students
C．It takes up too much of students’ free time.
D．It helps students develop different skills.
27．What is the passage mainly about
A．New courses for primary school students.
B．Labor education for primary and middle school students.
C．Ways to cultivate students’ social values.
D．New technologies used in primary and middle schools.
If you don’t use your arms or your legs for some time, they will become weak; when you start using them again, they will gradually (逐渐地) become stronger again. Everybody knows this. Yet many people don’t seem to know that it is the same as our memory.
If a friend says that his arms and legs are weak, we know that it is his own fault. But if he tells us that he has a poor memory, many of us think that his parents are to blame (责怪), and few of us know that it is just his own fault.
Have you ever found that some people can’t read or write but they usually have better memories This is because they can’t read or write and they have to remember things; they can’t write them down in a little notebook. They must remember dates, names, songs and stories; so their memories are being exercised the whole time.
So if you want a good memory, learn from these people: practice remembering.
28．If you don’t use your arms or legs for some time, they will ________.
A．become strong B．break C．become weak D．hurt
29．What does the word “ fault” mean in the second paragraph
A．困难 B．过错 C．粗心 D．聪明
30．What do many people think of the person with a poor memory
A．His parents are to blame. B．He isn’t clever.
C．He is foolish. D．His parents are very clever.
31．Some people can’t read or write, but they usually have better memories because ________.
A．they are strong B．they often practice remembering things
C．they have strong arms and legs D．their parents are good
32．What does the passage mainly (主要) talk about
A．Arms and legs B．Exercise C．Behavior D．Memory
Xinjiang lies in the northwest part of China. Its many cities are popular places for tourist such as Turpan, Kashi, Aksu and the provincial capital city Urumqi. As Xinjiang is a province with quite a lot of minority groups (少数民族), there are some local traditional festivals that we might not quite know of.
Grape Festival is one traditional festival in Turpan. It is the hometown of grapes. This world-known city welcomes the local people as well as international friends to celebrate the festival together. This festival is not just a celebration of Turpan’s most important agricultural product, but a good chance to enjoy the local way of life. During the yearly Turpan Grape Festival, wedding parties in the Uygur minority style and traditional singing and dancing activities are held. The trade fairs are also included. Besides, travelers may visit the grape, melon, and fruit streets.
Turpan Grape Festival is a special event to commemorate the ancient Silk Road so that people will not forget about this road. The road played an important role in connecting the communication of trade and cultures between the east and the west. Turpan is famous as an important point of the road.
33．Which of the following is the provincial capital city of Xinjiang
A．Aksu. B．Turpan. C．Kashi. D．Urumqi.
34．What is the underlined word “It” in Paragraph Two refer to
A．Grape Festival. B．Grape.
C．Turpan. D．Silk Road.
35．Which of the following is TRUE
A．Xinjiang is a popular tourist place in the northeast part of China.
B．Xinjiang doesn’t have many people from the minority groups.
C．Grape Festival in Turpan is a good way to enjoy the local way of life.
D．In the old times, Urumqi was the starting point of the ancient Silk Road
36．The underlined word “commemorate” probably means “ ________”.
A．remember B．forget C．introduce D．continue
37．What is the passage mainly about
A．It tells us which part Xinjiang is in.
B．It introduces Grape Festival in Turpan.
C．It tells us the importance of Silk Road.
D．It tells us some traditional festivals in Xinjiang.
China is a big country of food and its food culture is well-known in the world. From ancient China to modern China, food recipes (食谱) have been developed all the time, and some recipes are not only popular in China, but also all over the world.
Rice noodles cooked with river snails (螺蛳粉), a kind of popular street food of Liuzhou in Guangxi, are becoming a popular snack at home and abroad.
Known as Luosifen in Chinese, the dish is usually sold from roadside stands (路边摊) in night markets in Guangxi.
The dish was listed as part of Liuzhou’s intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产) in 2008 and became popular after being introduced in the food show A Bite of China in 2012. Since then, Luosifen restaurants have developed quickly across the country.
It’s said that 28.4 million packets (包) of Luosifen were sold on Taobao last year, becoming the most popular snack on the online marketplace.
According to the commerce office in Liuzhou, the value of prepackaged Luosifen reached about 5 billion yuan in the first half of the year.
It was also one of the best-selling foods during the COVID-19 in China.
Experts said that a total of around 7.5 million yuan’s (about $1.1 million) worth of Luosifen was exported from Liuzhou from January to June in 2020, eight times the total export value in 2019. In addition to the traditional export markets, including the US, Australia, France, the delicious dish has also been delivered to new markets such as Singapore and New Zealand.
On July 14, 2020, over 14,000 packets of Luosifen produced by Guangxi Luobawang Food Co., Ltd. (有限公司) were exported to Russia.
根据语篇内容，选择最佳选项。
38．Where are rice noodles cooked with river snails usually sold
A．On the roadside stands. B．In the supermarket. C．In the big restaurants.
39．Luosifen restaurants have developed quickly all over the country since ________.
A．the year 2008 B．the year 2012 C．the year 2019
40．What’s the meaning of the underlined word “export” in Chinese
A．进口 B．扩充 C．出口
41．Which of the following markets is new for rice noodles cooked with river snails
A．America. B．Australia. C．Singapore.
42．What does this article mainly talk about
A．Food. B．Education. C．Sport.
Have you ever been in a class when all the students are kept in at lunchtime just because two or three students won’t stop talking The teacher gets irate and suddenly everyone is in trouble instead of just the students who caused the problem. This is called “collective (集体的) punishment” and many students in Australia want it stopped in schools.
Some say that collective punishment teaches young people that their behavior has an effect on other people. As most of us want to be liked and “fit in” (顺应), all students then feel that they have to behave well.
Others say that this type of punishment causes students to feel angry with the students who are not behaving well. It destroys trust and good relationships between classmates.
But collective punishment can harm students who want to do the right thing. Teachers at my school say that some students become too disappointed to come to school. They are unhappy because their class gets class detention (课后留校) most days and is known as the “bad group”.
A parent at this same school believes that this type of punishment is useful because it helps teachers to know which students are not behaving well. She thinks that when a class knows they may be given a detention, the students who were doing the wrong thing will own up (承认).
Our school’s psychologist (心理学家), Miriam Koch, says that students who have learning difficulties and keep making trouble in classrooms often have poor social skills. Her opinion is that collective punishment can keep these students away from their classmates. She believes that it is best for teachers to use group rewards (奖励) and clear rules for students behavior to help develop teamwork.
43．What does the underlined word “irate” mean
A．Silent. B．Angry. C．Lost. D．Worried.
44．In what way is collective punishment good
A．It gets students to work harder. B．It brings students hearts closer.
C．It helps keep order in the classroom. D．It helps form good teacher-student relationships.
45．How can collective punishment harm students who want to do the right thing
A．They feel unloved. B．They copy bad behavior.
C．They hate to go to school. D．They avoid seeing people
46．Why does the parent find collective punishment useful
A．It helps teachers to find troublemakers.
B．It makes students tell on one another.
C．It allows students to know one another better.
D．It gets teachers to help badly-behaved students.
47．What does Miriam Koch think of troublemakers in a classroom
A．They want to get rewards. B．They have good social skills.
C．They are not clear about rules. D．They may get worse after collective punishment.
Do you have social jetlag
Our sleep changes through our lives in many different ways. When it comes to the hours of sleep that we need, they seems to become less as we get older. Even though it may seem that teenagers need a lot of sleep,14-year-old to 17-year-old typically need around 8 to 10 hours per night, which isn’t too dissimilar to adults 7 to 9 hours per night .
The timing of our sleep changes as we age. During adolescence（青春期）, sleep timing becomes later. Interestingly, this change in sleep timing happens in adolescents around the world and is even found in other mammals（哺乳动物）. Because society is changing and young people often have to live out of their natural ways because they have to get up early to go to school in the week. If they are unable to fall asleep early, this can mean they may not sleep enough. When the weekend arrives, they have more control over their schedule（日程安排）, so ★. They may try to “catch up” on sleep loss during the school week.
This shift in sleep timing has been called “social jetlag”, as a change in schedule can lead to jetlag symptoms（症状）. Social jetlag has been connected with factors including fatness and unhappiness. It is sometimes suggested that a weekend lie-in （睡懒觉） is fine, but that proper wake time should be within two hours of that during the weekday, to make people become well from no enough sleep, while stopping social jetlag from becoming worse.
48．What do we know about the hours of sleep ________
A．Most teenagers need less sleep than adults.
B．We need more sleep as we grow older.
C．The hours of sleep change through our lives in almost the same way.
D．There are small differences in the hours of sleep adults and children need.
49．Which of the following can be put in ★ ________
A．they get up earlier.
B．they stay up late and play games.
C．they fall asleep earlier and wake up later.
D．they talk about their school lives with their parents.
50．Which of the following may best describe “social jetlag” ________
A．A change in sleep timing.
B．A symptom of unhappiness.
C．A feeling about sleep loss.
D．An action of a weekend lie-in.
51．According to the passage, to stop social jetlag from becoming worse, we can ________.
A．wake up at 7:30 on the weekday and wake up at 9:00 on the weekend
B．wake up two hours earlier on weekends than the wake time on weekdays
C．take a nap often and wake up at the same time on the weekend
D．have a weekend lie-in all the morning and not wake up till noon
52．The writer’s writing purpose is to ________.
A．tell people something about “social jetlag”
B．advise people to go to bed early and get up early
C．show his surprise about the change in people’s lives
D．show the society is developing
Nobody wants to lose, but we must accept that losing is a part of life. After all, we can’t win all the time. However, we can learn something valuable from every failure (失败). This may help us succeed in the future. So we must know how to be a good loser.
We mustn’t be afraid of losing. When we lose, just take it with a smile and look on the bright side of it. Failure can’t be avoided in our life. Edison failed 10, 000 times before he invented the light bulb (灯泡). When he was asked how he felt, he said that he hadn’t failed10, 000 times but had learned 10, 000 things which didn’t work. We must know that history is full of examples of men and women who achieved success although they failed many times.
Losing is not very disgraceful. We must accept our failure and learn to take advantage of it. Remember that it can be helpful. Take action to walk out of it. When we lose, think about what we did and how we can improve. If someone else can help, we’ll be lucky enough. Maybe he or she has been through the same experience before. Many people enjoy helping others solve problems. This can save us a lot of time in learning how to avoid the same mistakes in the future.
We should face our failure when we lose. There is only one winner in every competition. Some win, while some lose. That is a usual way of life. If we offer our congratulations (祝贺) to the winners and share in their happiness, we won’t feel sorry for our failure.
In a word, being a good loser will help us to succeed in life. It might be painful at the beginning, but there are many advantages. Good losers set examples to us, and most importantly, they finally win.
53．What can we learn from every failure according to the text
A．A way of life. B．A valuable thing. C．A secret of success.
54．In the writer’s eyes, why did Edison achieve success
A．He got help from others. B．He avoided possible mistakes. C．He saw the bright side of losing
55．What does the underlined word “disgraceful” probably mean
A．Bad. B．Personal. C．Dangerous.
56．What does the writer advise the losers to do in a competition
A．Express the regrets. B．Forget the failure. C．Share in the winners’ enjoyment.
57．What is the best title for the text
A．Ideas about How to Avoid Mistakes
B．Advice on How to Be a Good Loser
C．Advantages of both Success and Failure
Every morning at dog parks, you can find many people sitting and chatting with one another as their dogs run and chase each other around. Dog parks have become quite hot since 2009.
Dog parks sound like a good idea. According to a survey, 91 percent of Americans believe dog parks give dogs safe places to exercise. These parks, they say, also allow dogs to socialize（交际）. However, are dog parks as good for dogs as people think Many dog experts（专家）, including myself, have a different voice to offer.
To start with, “dog socialization” isn’t just dogs “socializing” with other dogs. Instead, it is the process of puppies（小狗） under 20 weeks going through new experiences. This process helps them to have more confidence. Dog parks are not safe places to “socialize” a young dog. An energetic, noisy greeter at the park may be enough to cause it to be afraid of everything. A park setting also allows dogs to pick up bad habits from one another.
Yet one of the biggest dangers of dog parks is that most dogs there don’t receive vaccines（疫苗）. Some dog parks look clean, but it is still easy for dogs to spread diseases to each other. Moreover, dog parks often allow large and small dogs to be together. Sometimes, a large dog may easily hurt a smaller one seriously.
To conclude, it is far safer and more fun for your dog to keep away from dog parks and spend that time with you. You can also take your puppy to puppy classes. They are much better places for dogs to socialize than dog parks. There, your dog can meet playmates of similar ages.
58．What does the underlined word it refer to in Paragraph 3
A．A noisy dog. B．A young dog. C．An energetic dog. D．A sick dog.
59．What does Paragraph 4 mainly tell us
A．The rules of the dog parks. B．The risks of the dog parks.
C．The safety tips from the dog parks. D．The new experiences in the dog parks.
60．The purpose of this passage is to ________.
A．expect dog parks to have a stronger and better management
B．call on dog parks to offer different classes to different dogs
C．encourage more dog owners to take their dogs to dog parks
D．advise dog owners to find other ways to help dogs socialize
“I’ll finish my homework before playing video games.”
“Your dress looks beautiful.”
“I won’t spend all the money on snacks.”
All lies! Most of us have told a lie at one time or another. However, scientists found that lying can harm your brain (大脑). It may stop you from doing other important tasks.
When you tell the truth, your brain doesn’t have to do any extra (额外的) work. But lying takes much more work.
Imagine you’re late to class. The teacher asks why and you decide to lie. So you say: “I picked up a book from the library.” Your teacher asks, “The book I assigned (布置) last time ” Then you must decide how to answer the question. If you say yes, the teacher might ask to see the book. So you might say: “No.” Now you have to think of a book title. You need to make sure it’s a book the library actually has. See When you lie, your brain works a lot more to keep the lie from falling apart.
You just gave your brain a lot of extra work. An area called the prefrontal cortex (前额皮质) does the work. It’s the part in charge of short memory. That area also takes care of planning, problem-solving and self-control.
Using too much brainpower to lie means there’s less available for other things-like solve math problems. Lying is even harder for young people. The prefrontal cortex is not fully developed until age 25. So when young people are busy with lying, they’ll have a harder time doing other things, like making study plans or eating a healthy diet. So think twice before lying next time!
61．What did the scientists find out about telling lies
A．It happens quite often. B．Most students have done it.
C．It is bad for people’s brains. D．It’s an important way to protect oneself.
62．What happens to your brain when you lie
A．It works more slowly. B．It has to do some extra work.
C．It often says yes to others. D．It becomes better at answering questions.
63．According to the story, why is it harder for people under 25 to tell lies
A．Because they are not clever enough.
B．Because they have too much brainpower.
C．Because they don’t have fully grown brains.
D．Because they are still learning how to talk to other people.
64．What is the best title of the passage
A．More lies, more work B．Lies make us healthy
C．Lies grow with age D．Lies are difficult
Have you ever read Andersen’s fairy tale The Ugly Duckling (丑小鸭) Do you know that his motherland is Denmark It lies in northern Europe. Let me tell you something about it.
You can find almost any fast food in Denmark, such as hamburgers and hot dogs. Danish open-faced sandwiches are not only delicious, but also pretty and fun. They are works of art. Tasting some is an experience that shouldn’t be missed.
“Lego” toys were created in Denmark. The toys were made of wood before. Building with Legos helps students learn about engineering, physics and technology in a fun way. In 1968, the first Legoland theme park opened in Billund, Denmark. Today, there are Legoland parks in California, Florida, Malaysia, Dubai, Windsor, Japan and Germany.
Bicycling is popular in Denmark. Nine out of ten Danes have a bike. They ride their bikes no matter what the weather. They aren’t just riding bikes for fun. They use bikes to get to work, to take their kids to places, and even to carry goods. Today, more and more people are choosing bikes over cars. They have a saying in Denmark: “A bicycle is a Dane’s best friend.”
Denmark is called the land of fairy tales. Andersen’s another popular fairy tale is The Little Mermaid (美人鱼). The Little Mermaid statue (雕塑) has been regarded as Denmark’s most famous landmark since 1913. The Danes believe that she brings them good luck.
65．What does the underlined word “It” in Paragraph 1 refer to
A．The Ugly Duckling. B．Denmark. C．Europe. D．Fast food.
66．According to Paragraph 4, we can call Denmark “________”.
A．the country of bikes B．the land of fairy stories
C．the capital of art D．the home of Legos
67．Which of the following is true about the Little Mermaid statue
A．It’s called fairy land. B．It was built by Andersen.
C．It welcomes the ships there. D．It has been there for about 110 years.
68．What does the passage mainly talk about
A．Fairy tales. B．Andersen’s life.
C．Some facts about Denmark. D．The history of Denmark.
Scientists who study happiness have evidence (证据) to show that being kind to others can result in happiness. Acts as simple as buying a cup of coffee for someone can lift a person’s mood, for example. Everyday life is full of chances for such actions, yet people do not always make the most of them.
In studies, behavioral scientist Nicholas Epley and I examined a possible explanation: people who do kind acts underestimate (低估) how much the ones receiving kindness value their behavior.
In the experiments (实验), about 1, 000 people were asked to do some actions to make someone else feel good. We asked both the person performing (执行) the kind act and the one receiving it to answer some questions. The performers were asked to report their own experience and to guess how the receivers might feel. We wanted to understand how valuable people considered these acts to be, so both the performer and receiver had to rate (评分) how “big” the act seemed. In all cases, we compared the performer’s expectations of the receiver’s mood with the receiver’s actual (实际的) experience.
For one, both performers and receivers experienced more positive (积极的) moods. For another, the receivers felt much better than the kind performers expected. The receivers also rated these acts as “bigger” than the people performing them did.
At first, we studied acts of the kindness done for familiar people, such as friends, classmates or family. But we found that performers underestimated their positive influences on strangers as well. In one experiment, performers in a public park gave away hot chocolate on a cold winter’s day to people that just happened to be nearby. Again, the kind act brought more happiness than the performers expected.
These findings suggest that what might seem small could matter a great deal to the person we do it for. Considering these warm actions can improve our own mood and brighten the day of another person, why not choose kindness when we can
69．What did the receivers do in the experiments
A．They showed kindness to others.
B．They guessed the performers’ feelings.
C．They rated how valuable the performers’ act of kindness was.
D．They compared the performers’ expectations with their actual results.
70．What is paragraph 5 mainly about
A．Different purposes of the research. B．More evidence for the research results.
C．Possible influences of the research findings. D．Another explanation of the research methods.
71．What is the writer’s attitude (态度) towards showing kindness to others
A．Supportive. B．Unclear. C．Doubtful. D．Uninterested.
72．What is the main idea of this article
A．Being kind can reduce one’s happiness as expected.
B．Kindness can have unexpectedly positive influences.
C．Choosing kindness is more difficult than expected.
D．Showing kindness is more valuable than receiving it.
Why do We Yawn
Do you yawn There are about 20 reasons that scientists think are possible for yawning after research. They do not know exactly why yawning happens, but they do know many facts about yawning.
We know that everyone yawns in the same way. First you open your mouth slowly. Your mouth stays open for about five seconds. You take in a lot of air and then push it out. Then you quickly close your mouth. We also know that yawning is contagious. When you see someone yawn, you yawn, too.
Many people say they yawn because they are bored or tired. That might be true. People do often yawn before they sleep and after they wake up. However, we know that people also yawn when they are excited or nervous. Olympic runners, for example, often yawn before a race. Why is that In 2007, scientists found that a yawn can help a warm brain cool down.
Some scientists believe that yawning makes you notice things more quickly. When you yawn, you breathe deeply. You also stretch (强化) the muscles (肌肉) in your face, mouth, and neck. Your eardrums stretch, too. Maybe this helps you to be quicker to notice things.
In some countries, people think yawning is not nice. People put their hands over their mouths to cover a yawn. In other countries, people think yawning is healthy. They think that opening the mouth very big can let good things in. When they breathe out, they think that bad things go out of the body with the air.
Scientists do not spend much time studying yawning. That is probably because yawning does not hurt. It is just something we do.
73．What does the underlined word “contagious” in Paragraph 2 mean
A．Able to spread quickly. B．Able to breathe easily.
C．Able to change easily. D．Able to sleep quickly.
74．Why do Olympic runners often yawn before a race
A．They are too tired or too bored.
B．A yawn can let good things in.
C．A yawn can help a warm brain cool down.
D．A yawn can stretch the muscles in their faces.
75．What is the main idea of Paragraph 5
A．Reasons for yawning. B．Advantages of yawning.
C．Disadvantages of yawning. D．Different ideas about yawning.
76．What can we probably infer from the passage
A．People use different ways to yawn.
B．Scientists will do further research on yawning.
C．It’s hard to notice things quickly while yawning.
D．Some scientists think yawning is good for people.
77．What would be the best structure of the passage
A． B． C． D．
The Chinese pingfeng (folding screen) is an ancient invention and traditional Chinese furniture (家具). Its earliest common use dates from the Han Dynasty. The term pingfeng means protection from wind, showing its purpose at the very beginning.
As time passes, it has been made into different sizes with colourful paintings. On screens usually appears a dragon. It’s a symbol of light, growth and life-giving water. It also stands for nobility and power. The peacock, a beautiful bird, can be seen on screens, too. It’s a symbol of everlasting life. Beautiful flowers, which mean wealth and good luck, are also chosen as a popular design of the pingfeng. All the designs carry people’s beautiful wishes.
Behind the pingfeng lies an interesting story. In the past the unmarried daughter of a rich family was not supposed to see or be seen by men except her father, brothers or very close male cousins. When an admirer paid a visit however, she might take a secret look at him from a screen behind which she would be completely hidden. Her father would discuss poems with the young man and ask him to create one. If the daughter and her father were satisfied with the young man’s poem and his looks, she might agree to take him as a husband.
Today the pingfeng is back in fashion for its beauty and its practical (实际的) use as furniture. Acting as a moving wall or divider, it can be the perfect match (相配) for modern sofas and walls, which adds style to them.
The pingfeng is more than beautiful furniture.
78．What was the pingfeng used for at the very beginning
A．Protecting people from wind. B．Dividing a room.
C．Making a room beautiful. D．Hiding a person.
79．Which design is a symbol of wealth and good luck
A．The dragon. B．The peacock. C．The water. D．The flowers.
80．How does the writer develop his idea in Paragraph 2
A．By telling a story. B．By giving examples.
C．By comparing differences. D．By explaining the result.
81．What is the best title for the passage
A．The Practical Use of the Pingfeng
B．A Beautiful Story of the Pingfeng
C．Old Pingfeng in Modem Homes
D．The Hidden Beauty of the Pingfeng
Some animals can easily find their way home after a long journey. How do they make it Scientific research shows that they are born with certain unusual abilities for direction.
A certain kind of ants, for example, can count their steps to avoid getting lost. They can go as far as 110 metres and bring food home. These ants live in the open desert (沙漠), so they have nothing to guide them along the way. It’s like someone walking six kilometres through a dark forest.
Some fish have an unbelievable sense of smell. They can smell even a single drop of their home water in a large sea area. Some sea birds have a similar ability. They are able to make a smell map of their flying area.
Some animals can sense the earth’s magnetic field (磁场), while humans can’t. This magnetic field guides a certain kind of fish when they swim a long way to a place and then back. How can this kind of fish do that It is still a mystery. Scientists have no good answers yet.
However, animals with such unusual abilities still have difficulty dealing with environmental changes caused by human activities. For example, many birds depend on stars for direction, but they get lost easily at night when city lights are kept on all night. To solve this problem, we can simply turn off some lights at night. Clearly, one small act of humans may mean a lot to animals.
82．Where is this passage most probably from
A．A storybook. B．An art magazine.
C．A guidebook. D．A science magazine.
83．How can a certain kind of ants find their way
A．By imagining the way. B．By counting their steps.
C．By bringing food together D．By walking through a forest.
84．What does the underlined word “mystery” in paragraph 4 probably mean
A．Secret. B．Choice. C．Reason. D．Feeling.
85．What are people advised to do according to the last paragraph
A．To help animals. B．To travel at night.
C．To keep city lights on. D．To develop unusual abilities.
86．Which can be the best title for the passage
A．Birds’ Sense of Light B．Fish’s Sense of Smell
C．Animals’ Sense of Direction D．Animals’ Sense of Magnetic Field
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