外研版中考英语复习 第八章 构词法 课件 (共39张PPT)

(共39张PPT)
第八章 构词法
考点导图
考点精讲精练
考点1
合成法
【概念】合成法是由两个或更多的词组成一个新的单词，用连字符“-”连接或直接连写在一起。
类 别 构 成 举 例
合成名词 名词+名词 housewife 家庭主妇，headache 头痛
名词+动名词 handwriting笔迹，sightseeing观光
形容词+名词 highway公路，mainland大陆
续表
类 别 构 成 举 例
合成动词 形容词 / 副词+动词 ill-treat虐待，overcome克服
名词+动词 sidetrack阻止，babysit照料（孩子）
合成
形容词 名词+形容词 duty-free免税的，worldwide遍布全世界的
形容词+名词 high-level高级的，full-time专职的
形容词+名词+-ed white-haired 白发的,warm-hearted 热心的
续表
类 别 构 成 举 例
合成
形容词 名词 / 形容词+现在分词 peace-loving爱好和平的,good-looking好看的
名词+过去分词 heartbroken心碎的,man-made 人造的
形容词+过去分词 new-born新生的,ready-made 现成的
副词+过去分词 well-known 著名的,widespread分布广的
数词+名词 first-class一流的,second-hand二手的
数词+名词+形容词 two-year-old两岁的,two-meter-long两米长的
续表
类 别 构 成 举 例
合成副词 形容词＋名词 hotfoot匆忙地
形容词＋副词 everywhere到处,anyhow 无论如何
副词＋副词 however 然而
介词＋名词 beforehand预先
介词＋副词 forever永远
合成代词 代词宾格＋-self / -selves himself他自己，themselves 他们自己
物主代词＋-self / -selves myself我自己，yourselves 你们自己
形容词＋名词 anything任何事，somebody某人
续表
类 别 构 成 举 例
合成介词 副词＋名词 outside 外面
介词＋副词 without没有
副词＋介词 upon 在……上面
( )1.Tomorrow is National Day. Everyone is looking forward to the _______ holiday.
A.seven-days B.seven-day C.seven days
( )2.Mrs.Brown is such a(n) _______ woman. She always appears when we need help.
A.good-looking B.ready-made
C.peace-loving D.warm-hearted
B
D
( )3.Helen is a very _______ novelist (小说家) in Australia. Her books are sold well.
A.well-dressed B.well-known
C.well-born D.well-behaved
B
worldwide headache well-known grandfather good-looking housewife without
4.John drank too much alcohol (酒) last night, so he had a serious ______________ this morning.
5.It is a ______________ fact that bamboo is pandas' favorite food.
headache
well-known
6.In the past, women served as ___________ while men usually made money.
7.After the storm we were ___________ electricity for five days.
8.We have offices in over 56 countries ___________.
housewives
without
worldwide
考点2
派生法
【概念】派生法是指在词根上加词缀而构成新词，有前缀法和后缀法。
1.前缀法：前缀一般改变词义，不改变词性
前 缀 意 义 举 例
dis-, im-, in-, mis-, non-, un- 表示“否定；相反” dislike不喜欢，impossible不可能的，inexpensive价钱公道的，misunderstand误会，nonsense胡说，unhappy不开心的
re- 表示“重复；再” replay重播，rewrite重写
micro- 表示“微型的” microbiology微生物学，microsecond微秒
inter- 表示“互相；在……之间” international国际的，interview面试
【注意】个别前缀也可以引起词性的变化。
（1）“en-+形容词 / 名词”构成动词。例 enlarge扩大，encourage鼓励
（2）“a-+动词”构成形容词。例 asleep睡着，awake醒着
2.后缀法：后缀一般改变词性，不改变词义
（1）常见的名词后缀：
后 缀 意 义 举 例
-or，-er，-ist，-ian 表示“从事某种职业的人” actor演员，worker工人，scientist科学家，musician音乐家
-ing 表示“状态；行为” shopping购物，building建筑
-ment 表示“……的行为或结果” agreement同意，development发展
-ness，-th，-ty 表示“状态；性质” happiness幸福，truth真相，safety安全
-tion 表示“动作” competition比赛，prediction预测
-ship 表示“关系” membership会员身份，friendship友谊
（2）常见的形容词后缀：
后 缀 意 义 举 例
-able 表示“能……的” suitable适合的，believable可相信的
-al 表示“……的 traditional传统的，personal私人的
-ful 表示“有……性质的；充满……的” useful有用的，colorful鲜艳的
-less 表示“没有；无” helpless无助的，homeless无家可归的
-ive 表示“……性质的” active活跃的，expensive昂贵的
-ly 表示“特性” friendly友好的，lovely可爱的
-y 表示“有……特性的；多……的” healthy健康的，sunny天气晴朗的
-ous 表示“属性” dangerous危险的，famous有名的
（3）常见的动词后缀：
（4）常见的副词后缀为“-ly”。例 happily开心地，quickly快地
后 缀 意 义 举 例
-en 表示“变成” shorten缩短，darken变黑
-fy 表示“使……化” beautify美化，purify提纯
-ize 表示“使……成为” realize意识到，organize组织
( )1.Look at both sides of the road _______ when you cross the road.
A.care B.careful C.carefully
( )2.The performance tonight was a great _______. The band became famous overnight.
A.success B.successful C.succeed
C
A
( )3.Many strangers gave the boy helping hands when he was in _______.
A.danger B.dangerously C.dangerous
( )4.The hot word yyds _______ someone or something you love and nothing can beat it.
A.means B.meaning C.meaningful
A
A
enjoy agree sad tradition wide courage home
5.Everyone loves a personal touch. It makes ________ memories. (2023 湖南长沙改编)
6.Also in Shanghai, Tongji University has provided foreign students with some chances to plant different kinds of herbs （草药） that were ________ used in Chinese medicine and cooking. (2023 湖北武汉改编)
enjoyable
widely
7.Jack felt his __________ and anger rising inside him. (2023 江苏扬州改编)
8.Three hundred people were _______________ because of the earthquake.
9.________________ cultures like Chinese paper-cutting are deeply loved by students.
sadness
homeless
Traditional
考点3
转化法
【概念】转化法是指由一种词性转化为另一种词性的方法。这种转化并不改变单词的拼写，有一词多义现象。
1.名词转化为动词
例 book n. 书→v. 预定 water n. 水→v. 浇水
land n. 土地→v. 着陆 sleep n. 睡眠→v. 睡觉
2.动词转化为名词
例 talk v. 交谈→n. 谈话 look v. 看→n. 外表
walk v. 步行→n. 散步 help v. 帮助→n. 帮助
3.形容词转化为动词
例 dry adj. 干燥的→v. (使)变干 clear adj. 清澈的→v. 清理
correct adj. 正确的→v. 纠正 open adj. 开着的→v. 打开
( )1.The plane will _______ in Guangzhou in 20 minutes and we can see Mom soon.
A.get B.land C.fly D.hope
( )2.John left the building with the _______ on. It was a waste of electricity.
A.shoes B.watches C. beds D. lights
B
D
( )3.We should be brave and_______ big. Nothing is impossible.
A.dream B.fight C.see D.make
( )4.Peter's new _______ makes everyone shocked. He has made a big difference.
A.talk B.start C.change D.sleep
A
C
face influence watch book open waste hand
5.My brother ________ a seat on the Internet quickly and helped us carry the suitcase.
6.How do you know the time if you don't wear a ________
7.It is a pity to ________ the food.
8.Before ________ in your test paper, you need to check it carefully.
9.John always ________ the difficulties bravely and he is positive towards life.
booked
watch
waste
handing
faces
考点4
缩写和简写(课标新增)
【概念】缩写和简写（也被称为“截断法”或“缩短法”）主要采取“截头”“去尾”或者“既截头又去尾”的方法来生成新词。
1.月份、星期及序数词
月 份 缩 写 月 份 缩 写 星 期 缩 写 序数词 缩 写
January Jan. August Aug. Monday Mon. first 1st
February Feb. September Sept. Tuesday Tues. second 2nd
March Mar. October Oct. Wednesday Wed. third 3rd
April Apr. November Nov. Thursday Thur. fourth 4th
May May December Dec. Friday Fri. twentieth 20th
June Jun. Saturday Sat. twenty-first 21st
July Jul. Sunday Sun. fifty-fifth 55th
2.国家、国际组织类
PRC：中华人民共和国（People's Republic of China）
UK：英国（United Kingdom）
USA：美国（United States of America）
EU：欧洲联盟 / 欧盟（European Union）
UN：联合国 （United Nations）
WTO：世界贸易组织 / 世贸组织（World Trade Organization）
WHO：世界卫生组织（World Health Organization）
FBI：美国联邦调查局（Federal Bureau of Investigation）
3.其他常见缩写
Ad：广告（Advertisement）
DIY：自己动手 / 自助服务（Do It Yourself）
Add.：地址（Address） ID：身份证明（Identification）
BBQ：烧烤（Barbecue） P.E.：体育（Physical Education）
IQ：智商（Intelligence Quotient）
EQ：情商（Emotional Quotient）
No.：号码 / 编号（Number）
DNA：脱氧核糖核酸（Deoxyribonucleic Acid）
WC：厕所（Water Closet）
UFO：不明飞行物（Unidentified Flying Object）
CCTV：中国中央电视台（China Central Television）
CBA：中国男子篮球职业联赛（China Basketball Association）
NBA：美国篮球职业联赛（National Basketball Association）
VIP：贵宾（Very Important Person）
语篇考点专练
一、语法选择 主题：英国人Oliver开太极学校 难度：★★ 建议用时：6 mins
Like many other foreigners, Rosa Oliver's first touch of Chinese Tai Chi came from popular kung fu movies. However, she has become a Tai Chi master herself, teaching it to both Chinese and __1__ students.
Oliver's journey with Tai Chi began in her early twenties, when her backache was always troubling her and she was turning to an exercise.
( )1. A. national B. international C. nation
B
Then she discovered the Tai Chi classes by accident and decided to try the “mysterious（神秘的）” eastern sport. Oliver fell in love with the __2__ movement (运动) of Tai Chi right away. To her joy, she found that her back pains disappeared __3__ years of practice.
Oliver later met __4__ husband, who was also her Tai Chi teacher. In the early 1990s, the couple opened their own Tai Chi school in the UK.
( )2. A. beautiful B. beautifully C. beauty
( )3. A. before B. for C. after
( )4. A. she B. hers C. her
A
C
C
To further understand Tai Chi, they decided __5__ a journey to China. However, three years after moving to Shanghai in 2000, her husband died, leaving her alone to work on Tai Chi.
The 58-year-old British woman recalled that it was __6__ hard time for her. However, she was ___7___ thankful to Chinese friends in Shanghai.
( )5. A. to start B. start C. starting
( )6. A. a B. an C. the
( )7. A. real B. really C. reality
A
A
B
“My __8__ would not come without my Chinese friends who supported me through the painful process. They didn't treat me like a foreigner, but rather like a friend,” Oliver said.
In 2005, Oliver set up the Double Dragon Alliance Cultural Center, which acts as a bridge for foreign people to get a better understanding of Chinese culture such as __9__ Chinese medicine and Peking Opera.
Oliver __10__ her deep love for cultural exchange. And she hoped to spread her work in this area.（2023湖南永州改编）
( )8. A. success B. succeed C. successful
( )9. A. tradition B. traditional C. traditionally
( )10. A. expresses B. is expressing C. expressed
A
B
C
二、短文填空 主题：报纸分类 难度：★★ 建议用时：6 mins
请从方框内选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使文章完整连贯。注意每空一词，每词仅用一次，有两词为多余项。
success photo office other such information they begin usual know read million
Newspapers in Britain can be divided into the quality newspapers (高质量报纸) and the popular newspapers. Quality newspapers are for readers who want __1__ on public things. They have national and international news, and financial (金融的) reports. They also have sports, cultural events, travel news and book reviews.
Popular newspapers are also __2__ as tabloids (小报). People who look for funny news prefer reading __3__. They have large headlines (标题), a lot of big __4__, and news about famous people.
information
known
th em
photos
The Times is the most famous of the quality newspapers. It __5__ in 1785. It is read by important people such as __6__, lawyers and businessmen. The Sun, started in 1964, is the most __7__ of the popular newspapers. It sells more than any __8__ daily newspaper. Around four __9__ people read it every day.
In the United States, you can find the quality newspapers like The New York Times and The Washington Post. They __10__ get the name from the place where they are produced. The US also has a lot of tabloids, such as The New York Daily News.（2023四川南充改编）
began
officers
successful
other
million
usually
1. ________________ 2. ________________
3. ________________ 4. ________________
5. ________________ 6. ________________
7. ________________ 8. ________________
9. ________________ 10. ________________
information
known
them
photos
began
officers
successful
other
million
usually