外研版中考英语复习 第二章 动词 第4节 动词的非谓语形式 课件 (共45张PPT)

(共45张PPT)
第二章 动词
第4节 动词的非谓语形式
考点导图
中考考点回顾
考 点 题 型 考 频（5年5考） 考点内容
不定式作目的状语 单项填空 1年1考 2019：to achieve 1
语法选择 4年1考 2021：to enjoy 3
不定式作宾语补足语 语法选择 4年2考 2020：expect sb.to do sth. 2
2022：tell sb.to do sth. 4
不定式作宾语 语法选择 4年1考 2023：need to do sth. 5
1 单项填空 36. Young people are encouraged to work hard _______ their own dreams.
A. achieve B. achieves
C. to achieve D. achieved
考点解析 考查不定式作目的状语的用法。故选C。
2 语法选择 I expect each of you __33__ a kite that means something important to you.
A. make B. to make
C. making D. made
考点解析 考查不定式作宾语补足语的用法。expect sb.to do sth.(期待某人做某事)。故选B。
3 语法选择 Many tourists, they believe, will come __38__ the fantastic experience of walking across.
A. enjoy B. enjoyed
C. enjoying D. to enjoy
考点解析 考查不定式作目的状语的用法。故选D。
4 语法选择 One day, the teacher told her __34__ a test.
A. take B. to take C. taking
考点解析 考查不定式作宾语补足语的用法。tell sb.to do sth.(让某人做某事)。故选B。
5 语法选择 “I feel like a real astronaut in the space camp, and I don't even need __39__ the earth,”he said.
A. leave B. leaving C. to leave
考点解析 考查不定式作宾语的用法。need to do sth.（需要做某事）。故选C。
考点精讲精练
【概念】非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词，主要包括：动词不定式、动词的-ing形式、动词的-ed形式，即动词的非谓语形式。动词的非谓语形式没有人称和数的变化, 除了不能单独作谓语外, 可以承担句子的其他成分，包括主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语、状语。
考点1
动词不定式
【形式】动词不定式的基本形式是“不定式符号to+动词原形”，其否定形式是“not to+动词原形”，不定式符号to有时也可省略。
1.动词不定式作主语
作主语的动词不定式常用形式主语it代替，动词不定式后置，常见句型：
（1）It's＋adj.(＋for / of sb.)＋to do sth.
例 It's necessary (for us) to help each other.(我们)互相帮忙是必要的。
（2）It's+n.+to do sth.
例 It's your turn to bath the baby. 轮到你给婴儿洗澡了。
（3）It takes sb.time to do sth.
例 It takes about half an hour to get to the airport. 到机场大概需要半小时。
2.动词不定式作宾语
（1）常接动词不定式作宾语的动词有：
want to do sth. 想要做某事 need to do sth. 需要做某事(2023.39) plan to do sth.计划做某事
like to do sth. 喜欢做某事 begin / start to do sth.开始做某事 refuse to do sth.拒绝做某事
try to do sth. 设法做某事 expect to do sth.期望做某事 would like to do sth.想做某事
decide to do sth. 决定做某事 offer to do sth.主动提出做某事 learn to do sth.学习做某事
hope to do sth. 希望做某事 afford to do sth.承担得起做某事 help (to) do sth.帮忙做某事
agree to do sth. 同意做某事 continue to do sth.继续做某事 promise to do sth.承诺做某事
（2）find,think等词后面跟不定式时，常用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语（即动词不定式）后置。
例 Some people think it impolite to ask someone's age. 有些人认为询问别人的年龄是不礼貌的。
练 They found _____ nearly impossible ___________ money because they couldn't earn enough money. 他们发现几乎不可能存钱，因为他们赚的钱不够多。
（3）“疑问词+动词不定式”作宾语。
例 He didn't know what to say.他不知道说什么。
it
to save
3.动词不定式作宾语补足语
（1）常接动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：
allow sb.to do sth.允许某人做某事
ask sb.(not) to do sth. 叫某人(不要) 做某事
wish sb.(not) to do sth.希望某人(不要) 做某事
tell sb.(not) to do sth.告诉某人(不要) 做某事（2022.34）
would like sb.(not) to do sth. 想要某人(不要) 做某事
want sb.(not) to do sth.想要某人(不要) 做某事
encourage sb.(not) to do sth.鼓励某人(不要) 做某事
teach sb.(not) to do sth. 教某人(不要) 做某事
expect sb.(not) to do sth. 盼望某人(不要) 做某事（2020.33）
invite sb.to do sth.邀请某人做某事
advise sb.(not) to do sth.建议某人(不要) 做某事
help sb.(to) do sth.帮助某人做某事
（2）一些使役动词和感官动词后也接不定式作宾语补足语，但不定式要省略to。这些动词有：hear，let，make，have，see，watch，notice等。但这些动词变为被动语态时，须加to。
例 I saw the man go into the shop.　我看见这个男人进了这家店。
The man was seen to go into the shop.这个男人被看见进了这家店。
4.动词不定式作状语（5年2考）
动词不定式作状语，常用来表示目的、结果或原因。作目的状语时，可放句末也可放句首，放句首时要用逗号隔开。
例 He went there to see his grandpa.＝To see his grandpa， he went there. 他去那里是为了探望他的爷爷。（动词不定式表示目的）
He searched the room only to find nothing.他搜遍了房间，什么也没找到。（动词不定式表示结果）
I'm glad to meet you here.在这里见到你真使我高兴。（动词不定式表示原因）
5.动词不定式作表语
动词不定式作表语，常放在系动词之后，表示具体的动作或将来的动作。
例 My job is to teach English.我的工作是教英语。
6.动词不定式作定语
动词不定式作定语，常放在被修饰的名词或代词之后，作后置定语，翻译成“……的”。
例 I have something to do after school, so I can't have dinner with you. 我放学之后还有要做的事，所以我不能和你一起吃饭了。
【拓展】常见的含有不带to的动词不定式短语或句型
1. Why not do sth.？＝Why don't you do sth.？ 为什么不做某事？
例 Why not go out to see a film with me？＝Why don't you go out to see a film with me？为什么不和我一起出去看电影呢？
2. would rather (not)do 宁愿(不)做
例 I would rather not go anywhere as the weather is so hot outside. 我宁愿哪儿都不去因为外面太热了。
3. would do … rather than do …＝would rather do … than do …＝prefer to do … rather than do …＝prefer doing … to doing … 宁愿做……而不愿做……
例 I would stay at home rather than go out to play.我宁愿待在家里也不愿出去玩。
He prefers to have a class rather than have a rest.他宁愿上课也不愿休息。
( )1. —Our school will invite Mr.Wang _______ us a talk on environmental protection next week.
—That's wonderful!(2023江苏宿迁改编)
A. give B. to give C. giving
B
( )2. Today, we must continue working _______ our skies blue, waters clean and lands clear.(2023湖南株洲)
A. keep B. to keep C. keeping
( )3. It's reported that China plans _______ astronauts to the moon before 2030.（2023 福建）
A.send B. sending C. to send
B
C
invite become answer build attend wish learn
4.We hope to ________ a beautiful home by living a low-carbon life （低碳生活）.(2023吉林改编)
5.Mike, we are told not to ________ the phone while crossing the street.（2023四川自贡改编）
6.It is necessary to ________ to manage time and make good use of every minute.
7.His wish is to ___________ an astronaut.
8.I have an important meeting to ________.
build
answer
learn
become
attend
考点2
动词的-ing形式(课标新增)
【形式】动词的-ing形式是由“动词原形+-ing”构成。
例 Asking the teacher for help is a good way of learning English.向老师求助是一个学习英语的好方法。
用 法 举 例
作主语 谓语动词用单数形式 Finding a good job is difficult these days. 现在找一份好工作不容易。
作宾语 “动词/介词+v.-ing”构成动宾或介宾结构 Most students enjoy asking questions in English. 大部分学生都喜欢用英语提问。
作宾语补足语 常接动词的-ing形式作宾语补足语的动词有：see, watch, hear, notice, keep, find等，表示动作正在进行或持续发生,句子中的宾语与动词的-ing形式是逻辑上的主动关系 We can hear the girl singing in her room.我们可以听到那个女孩在她房间唱歌。(女孩正在唱歌)
作状语 表示原因、伴随、时间、结果等，句子中的主语与动词的-ing形式之间存在逻辑上的主动关系(高考语法项目) Seeing the police,he made a run for the exit.一看到警察，他就向出口奔去。（他看到警察）
【附】常接动词的-ing形式作宾语的单词、短语和句型有：
单 词 avoid doing sth.避免做某事 mind doing sth. 介意做某事 finish doing sth. 完成做某事
allow doing sth. 允许做某事 practice doing sth. 练习做某事 keep doing sth. 坚持做某事
enjoy doing sth. 乐意做某事 consider doing sth. 考虑做某事 suggest doing sth. 建议做某事
短 语 succeed in doing sth.成功做某事 feel like doing sth.想要做某事
pay attention to doing sth. 注意做某事 be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事
be / get used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事 be worth doing sth. 值得做某事
look forward to doing sth. 盼望做某事 have fun doing sth. 做某事有乐趣
have trouble doing sth. 做某事有困难 do some shopping 买东西
can't help doing sth. 禁不住做某事 stop sb.from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事
spend＋时间＋(in) doing sth. 花时间做某事 give up doing sth. 放弃做某事
句 型 lWhat / How about doing sth.？ 做某事怎么样？
【拓展】有些动词既可接动词不定式，又可接动词的-ing形式，但意义不同。
forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事(已做)
forget to do sth. 忘了要去做某事(未做) stop doing sth.停止做某事
stop to do sth.停下来去做另一件事
remember doing sth. 记得做过某事(已做)
remember to do sth. 记得去做某事(未做) regret doing sth. 对做过的事感到遗憾、后悔(已做)
regret to do sth. 对要做的事感到遗憾(未做)
try doing sth. 试验 / 试着做某事
try to do sth. 努力 / 企图做某事 go on doing sth. 继续做原来做的事
go on to do sth.做完原来的事后,接着做另一件事
( )1. —English is difficult ______ at the beginning.
—Yes， but if you keep ______， you can make progress.
A. to be learned； trying
B. to learn； trying
C. to learn； to try
B
( )2. Her husband died ten years ago， _______ her with three children to look after.
A. leave B. leaving C. to leave
( )3. The driver saw an old man ______ on the side of the road.
A. lay B. to lie C. lying
B
C
tell drive break open enjoy wait hear
4.________ a car during the rush hour is tiring．
5.I feel like a bird ________ in the sky.
6.Would you mind my ________ the door
7.________ their teacher's voice, the pupils stopped talking at once.
8.The rain didn't stop us from ________ the wonderful trip in Wuhan.
Driving
flying
opening
Hearing
enjoying
考点3
动词的-ed形式(课标新增)
【形式】动词的-ed形式是由“动词原形+-ed”或不规则动词的过去分词形式构成。
例 I really love the poems written by Li Bai. 我真的很喜欢李白写的诗歌。
用 法 举 例
作定语 单词作定语时，动词的-ed形式一般放在被修饰词的前面 Here's some boiled water. Have a drink whenever you're thirsty.这里有开水。渴了随便喝。
短语作定语时，动词的-ed形式一般放在被修饰词的后面 This is a book written by Mo Yan.这是一本莫言写的书。
作表语 表示主语所处的状态 The stone steps were worn and broken. 这些石头台阶被磨平破裂了。
作宾语补足语 动词的-ed形式可以在see, hear, notice, watch, keep, find, get, have等动词后面与名词或代词构成复合宾语，句子中的宾语与动词的-ed形式是逻辑上的被动关系 I must get my bike repaired.我必须请人修理我的自行车。（自行车被修理）
作状语 表示原因、条件、时间、让步等，句子中的主语与动词的-ed形式之间存在逻辑上的被动关系 Grown in rich soil,these seeds can grow fast.如果种在肥沃的土壤里，这些种子能长得很快。（种子被种在土里）
( )1. There is a beautiful girl ______ Kate in our class.
A. called B. calling C. to call
( )2. ______ last year， there are fewer people driving to work.
A. To compare with
B. Comparing with
C. Compared with
A
C
( )3. You'd better explain it loudly to make yourself ______.
A. to hear B. hearing C. heard
( )4. The store is now _______.
A. close B. closed C. closing
C
B
grow repair follow born pull land invent
5. The new robot ________ last month can do many jobs instead of humans.
6. There is something wrong with my watch. I am going to get it __________.
7. The thief came into the police station __________ by two policemen.
invented
repaired
followed
8. I have had a toothache for several days. I will have my bad tooth ________ tomorrow.
9. It is said that people ________ in the Year of the Tiger are brave.
pulled
born
语篇考点专练
一、语法选择 主题：一次难忘的自行车之旅 难度：★★★ 建议用时：7 mins
When I was 14, my dad and I took a bike trip in the countryside. My dad chose a 16-mile road for us to ride. Part of it included an old tunnel(隧道) __1__ West Hill. This old tunnel is over a mile long!
To prepare, we checked our tires (轮胎) and bike lights. __2__ the morning, we put our bikes into the car and set off.
( )1. A. call B. called C. calling
( )2. A. In B. On C. At
B
A
After a __3__ drive, we reached the road. It was a cool afternoon in early fall. But we were both wet and tired __4__ our trip started with a long uphill（上坡的） climb! As we reached the West Hill Tunnel, I __5__ nervous as it was very dark inside!
( )3. A. two-hour B. two-hours C. two hours
( )4. A. so B. although C. because
( )5. A. feel B. am feeling C. felt
A
C
C
But my dad encouraged me. He said he would be right beside me. He reminded me __6__ careful and keep my light on!
When we entered the tunnel, the sound of our bikes echoed through the darkness. I turned on my flashlight and saw walls __7__ by drawings. The air smelled like wet mud (泥). And I felt like I was being watched! I was pretty scared, but paying attention to __8__ my dad helped me relax.
( )6. A. stay B. to stay C. staying
( )7. A. cover B. covered C. covering
( )8. A. follow B. followed C. following
B
B
C
After riding half-way through, I could see light coming from the other end of the tunnel. That gave me courage ___9___ going. And I was so happy to ride out into the bright afternoon!
Whenever I go through hardships in life, I remember this trip. It reminds me __10__ hope is always ahead of me. It turns on the light of hope in my heart, and it gives me courage to keep riding through life's dark tunnels.
( )9. A. to keep B. keeping C. keep
( )10. A. what B. when C. that
A
C
二、短文填空 主题：故乡的今昔对比 难度：★★★ 建议用时：7 mins
请从方框内选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使文章完整连贯。注意每空一词，每词仅用一次，有两词为多余项。
carry make the build a have if watch change danger for village
I live in a small village in Sichuan Province. The __1__ used to be poor. We didn't have running water, so we had to go a long way to __2__ water home. When we did the cooking, we used to use wood to __3__ a fire. It made a lot of smoke. If we wanted to watch a play, we had to go out and watched it in the theater far away. As for the school, it was old. It was __4__ for the students to stay in the buildings.
But things have __5__ greatly during the last few years. Now we have tap water in every house.
village
carry
make
dangerous
changed
__6__ we want to use water, we can turn on the tap. The water will run out at once. We no longer use the wood to make a fire. We use the gas cooker. There is no smoke in our kitchen. Every family now can afford to pay __7__ a color TV. We can enjoy __8__ the interesting TV programs without going out. Because we have enough money now, we can spend a lot of money __9__ a new school. The students can go to the new school happily. Thanks to our country, we can live __10__ better life now. As a student, if we want to give back, we need to try our best to do something for our country.
If
for
watching
building
a
1. ________________ 2. ________________
3. ________________ 4. ________________
5. ________________ 6. ________________
7. ________________ 8. ________________
9. ________________ 10. ________________
village
carry
make
dangerous
changed
If
for
watching
building
a