外研版中考英语复习第九章句子种类及简单句教学课件(共50张PPT)

(共50张PPT)
第九章 句子种类及简单句
考点导图
中考考点回顾
考 点 题 型 考 频(5年4考) 考点内容
感叹句 单项填空 1年1考 2019,2020,2022,2023：
How+形容词 / 副词+主语+谓语！
语法选择 4年2考
短文填空 5年1考
1 单项填空 40. ______ smart the driverless car is！I really want to have one.
A. What B. What a
C. What an D. How
考点解析 考查感叹句句型“How＋形容词 / 副词＋主语＋谓语！”。故选D。
2 语法选择 “Wow！” she cried proudly. “__39__ high my butterfly flies！”
A. What B. What a
C. What an D. How
考点解析 考查感叹句句型“How＋形容词 / 副词＋主语＋谓语！”。故选D。
3 短文填空 You may not know __67__ popular tea is.
考点解析 考查感叹句句型“How＋形容词 / 副词＋主语＋谓语！”。故填how。
4 语法选择 Everything was magical. __35__ excited David was!
A.How B. What C. What an
考点解析 考查感叹句句型“How＋形容词 / 副词＋主语＋谓语！”。故选A。
考点精讲精练
考点1
陈述句
【概念】陈述句:用来陈述一个事实或阐述一个观点，分为肯定句和否定句。
1. 陈述句的肯定与否定
类 别 构 成 举 例
肯定句 主语+谓语动词+其他. China is the largest country in Asia in size.中国是亚洲面积最大的国家。
People usually use smart phones in the 21st century.在21世纪，人们通常使用智能手机。
否定句 主语＋be动词＋not＋其他. Japan is not the largest country in Asia in size.日本不是亚洲面积最大的国家。
主语＋助动词（do / does / did / will / have …）＋not＋动词原形 / 过去分词＋其他. I didn't say anything. 我什么也没说。
I haven't heard from him lately. 我最近没收到他的来信。
主语+情态动词+not+动词原形+其他. You must not park here.你不准在这里停车。
2. 陈述句的其他否定形式
(1)对谓语动词的否定，除了not，还可以用never, hardly, seldom等。
例 He never smokes.他从不抽烟。
练 She __________ showed her feelings. 她很少表露情绪。
(2)对主语或宾语的否定，常用no, few, little, nothing, nobody等。
例 Few home buyers will notice this change. 很少购房者会注意到这个变化。
练 I can do __________ about it. 对此事我无能为力。
seldom
nothing
1. Tim is reading Journey to the West.（改为否定句）(2023重庆A卷)
Tim ________ ________ Journey to the West.
2.Tina finishes her homework before 6 o'clock every day.（改为否定句）（2023重庆B卷）
Tina ____________________ ________________ her homework before 6 o'clock every day.
isn't
reading
doesn't / never
finish / finishes
3.Michael shut the door after hearing the news.（改为否定句） (2022四川达州)
Michael __________ __________ the door after hearing the news.
4.I brush my teeth twice a day. (改为否定句) (2022重庆A卷)
I ___________________ __________ my teeth twice a day.
didn't
shut
don't / never
brush
5.I was doing my homework at seven last night.(改为否定句) (2022重庆B卷)
I __________ __________ my homework at seven last night.
wasn't
doing
考点2
疑问句
【概念】疑问句：主要用来提出问题、询问情况，分为一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句（高考语法项目）。
1. 疑问句的分类
类 别 构 成 举 例
一般疑问句(用yes或no回答) Be动词＋主语＋其他？ —Was he afraid of the dark？他以前怕黑吗？
—Yes， he was. / No， he wasn't. 是的，他怕。/ 不，他不怕。
助动词（Do / Does / Did / Will / Have …）＋主语＋动词原形 / 过去分词＋其他？ —Do you like English？ 你喜欢英语吗？
—Yes， I do. / No， I don't. 是的，我喜欢。/ 不，我不喜欢。
情态动词+主语+动词原形+其他？ —Can you play the piano 你会弹钢琴吗？
—Yes，I can./ No，I can't.是的，我会。/ 不，我不会。
续表
类 别 构 成 举 例
特殊疑问句(不能用yes或no回答) 特殊疑问词（不作主语或主语的定语）+一般疑问句？ Why do the young seldom go out to the shops now 为什么年轻人现在很少去商店？
特殊疑问词（作主语或主语的定语）+其他？（句子用陈述句的语序） Who can help me 谁能帮我？
Whose bike is broken 谁的自行车坏了？
选择疑问句（不能用yes或no回答） 一般疑问句+A or B/A, B or C？ —Is the girl with short hair from America or England 那个短发女生是来自美国还是英国？
—She's from America. 她来自美国。
特殊疑问句， A or B/A, B or C？ —Which do you prefer, cartoons or comedies 卡通片和喜剧，你更喜欢哪个？
—Neither. I like documentaries. 两个都不喜欢。我喜欢纪录片。
2. how词组引导的特殊疑问句：根据句意及回答选择how词组
(1) how often多久一次(问频率) 回答：never/every day/twice a month等
例 —How often does an earthquake happen here？ 在这里，多久发生一次地震？
—Almost every year. 几乎每年都发生。
(2)how long
①多久；多长时间（问时间） 回答：for+一段时间/since+某个时间点 / since+一段时间+ago
例 —How long have you lived here？你在这里住多久了？
—For several months. 有几个月了。
②多长(问长度) 回答：数词+长度单位
例 —How long is the Amazon River？ 亚马孙河有多长？
—About 6,440 kilometers. 约6440千米。
(3)how soon多久以后（问时间） 回答：in+一段时间
例 —How soon can you finish the work？你要多久才能完成这项工作？
—In half an hour. 半小时后。
(4)how far 多远 (问距离)
回答①：数词+长度单位
例 —How far is it from Macao to Hong Kong？澳门距离香港多远？
—About 62 kilometers. 约62千米。
回答②：时间's+walk/ride/drive/flight等
例 —How far is it from Dongguan to Shenzhen？东莞距离深圳多远？
—About one hour's drive. 约1小时车程。
(5)how many (+复数可数名词) 多少(问数量)
例 —How many books can you see 你可以看到多少本书？
—Twelve. 12本。
(6)how much
①(+不可数名词) 多少（问数量）
例 —How much water do you need？你需要多少水？
—Three cups of water.3杯水。
②多少钱（问价格）
例 —How much is this phone？ 这部手机多少钱？
—About 5,300 yuan. 约5300元。
( )1. —_______ have you been a member of the Youth League
—For three years.（2023江苏连云港改编）
A. How long B. How far C. How often
( )2. —_______ is it from your school to the Nature Museum
—About 3 kilometers.（2023广西）
A. How far B. How old C. How much
A
A
( )3. —_______ do you visit your grandparents
—Once a week. I play chess with them every Sunday evening. (2023吉林长春改编)
A. How much B. How often C. How long
( )4. —_______ did the rainstorm come
—While we were having a physics lesson yesterday.
A. Why B. Where C. When
B
C
考点3
祈使句
【概念】祈使句：主要用来表示请求、命令、建议、禁止或祝愿等, 其主语you通常被省略, 谓语动词用原形。
1. 肯定祈使句：(Please+) 动词原形+其他.
例 Please stop at the red light！红灯时请停下来！
练 Please ________ an umbrella with you. It's going to rain 要下雨了，请带把伞。
take
2. 否定祈使句：Don't+动词原形+其他.
例 Don't talk in class！在课堂上别说话！
练 Don't _____ attention to what they say.别在意他们说的话。
3. let引导的祈使句：Let+宾语 (+not)+动词原形+其他.
例 Let me hear what people are looking forward to. 让我听听人们在期盼什么。
练 Let him ___________ such words. 让他不要再重复这些话了。
4. 表示禁止的标语：No+名词/动名词！
例 No photos！禁止拍照！
练 No __________！禁止停车！
pay
not repeat
parking
( )1. Hey, guy, can't you see the sign over there？ It says,“_______ Fishing！”
A. No B. Not C. Don't
( )2. _______ more, and you'll improve your spoken English.
A. To speak B. Speak C. Speaking
A
B
( )3. Ben, _______ go swimming in the river alone！ It's dangerous.
A. doesn't B. don't C. didn't
( )4. Let's ______ so loudly. The baby is sleeping.
A. not to talk B. talk not C. not talk
B
C
no not say do pass make turn
5. ________ sure everyone has a textbook when the new term starts.
6. Please ________ the television off before you go to bed.
7. Hey, this sign says, “________ smoking!” You are not allowed to smoke here.
8. Let us ________ waste the wonderful time!
9. No, you can't drive through the forest. Look at the sign. It says, “No ________ here!”
Make
turn
No
not
passing
考点4
感叹句
【概念】感叹句：用来表达赞美、惊讶、喜悦或气愤等强烈的感情，句末常用“！”。
构 成 举 例
How+形容词/副词 (+主语+谓语+其他)！(5年4考) How nice the weather is today!今天天气真好！
What+a/an+形容词+单数可数名词 (+主语+谓语+其他)！＝How＋形容词＋a / an＋单数可数名词 (＋主语＋谓语+其他)！ What a good day (we've had today)！＝How good a day (we've had today)！(我们今天度过了)多么美好的一天啊！
What+形容词+复数可数名词/不可数名词 (+主语+谓语+其他)！ What beautiful clothes they are!这些衣服真漂亮！
What nice weather it is today!今天天气真好！
How＋主语＋谓语 (+其他)！ How I missed you！ 我多么想念你啊！
( )1. _______ interesting movie it is! I want to see it again.（2023吉林）
A.What B. What an C. How
( )2. _______ useful knowledge the astronaut in Tiangong Classroom has taught us!（2023辽宁营口改编）
A. How B. What C. What a
B
B
( )3. _______ beautiful day! Let's take a walk by the lake.（2023湖南株洲）
A. What B. What a C. How
( )4. —_______ clean the classroom is!
—So it is. The students clean it every day.
A. How B. What C. What a
B
A
a an how excite good why what
5. —________ amazing ChatGPT is!
—Yes. The new invention makes it quite simple for people to write papers and stories.(2023山东滨州改编)
6. They won the Championship of Guangdong Darts Match, too. ________ a wonderful project it is! （2023广东广州改编）
How
What
7. —What an ________ speech our headmaster gave us just now!
—Yeah, it was really an inspiration to us all.(2022山东滨州改编)
8. —Have you watched Wang Yaping's science lecture(讲座)from China's space station
—Yes. What ________ interesting lecture it is!(2022四川广元改编)
9. What ________ useful invention the washing machine is!
exciting
an
a
考点5
简单句
1. 简单句的五种基本句型
构 成 举 例
主语＋谓语.(SV)
(谓语为不及物动词) The accident happened. 事故发生了。
S V
主语＋系动词＋表语.(SVP) Our classroom looks big. 我们的教室看起来很大。
S V P
主语＋谓语＋宾语.(SVO)
(谓语为及物动词) The boy likes tennis. 这个男孩喜欢网球。
S V O
主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语.(SVOO)(谓语为及物动词) Harry's friend passes him the ball. 哈利的朋友把球传给了他。
S V O O
主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语.(SVOC)(谓语为及物动词) Technology makes our life better. 科技让我们的生活更美好。
S V O C
练 判断下列句子的句型结构(SV / SVP / SVO / SVOO / SVOC)
（1）Tina gave me a nice Christmas gift. __________
（2）Jenny cleaned the classroom. __________
（3）We keep the classroom clean. __________
（4）The train is leaving. __________
（5）The kids are happy. __________
SVOO
SVO
SVOC
SV
SVP
2. there be 句型
（1） 遵循“就近原则”：there be 句型中的be动词应与其后最近的主语在数上保持一致。
例 There is a notebook and two pens on my desk. 我的书桌上有一本笔记本和两支钢笔。
练 There ______ two pens and a notebook on my desk. 我的书桌上有两支钢笔和一本笔记本。
are
（2） there be句型的时态及句式
类 别 一般现在时 一般过去时 一般将来时
肯定句 There is/are … There was/were … There will be …
There is / are going to be …
否定句 There isn't/aren't … There wasn't/weren't … There won't be …
There isn't / aren't going to be …
一般疑问句及其回答 —Is/Are there …
—Yes, there is/are.
—No, there isn't/aren't. —Was/Were there …
—Yes, there was/were.
—No, there wasn't/weren't. —Will there be …
Is / Are there going to be …
—Yes, there will be.
Yes, there is / are going to be.
—No, there won't be.
No, there isn't / aren't going to be.
练 ①_______________ no letters yesterday. 昨天一封信也没有。
②______________________________ a chance for parents to look around the school. 家长将有机会参观学校。
③_____________ enough room for us, let alone any guests. 连我们都没有足够的空间，更不用说客人了。
④______________ any other questions 还有其他问题吗？
There were
There will be / is going to be
There isn't
Are there
(3) there be与have/has的区别:
①“There be+主语+其他.”表示“某地存在某人、某物”。
例 There is more room in first class. 头等舱更宽敞。
②“主语+have/has+其他.”表示“某人拥有某物”。
例 You have beautiful eyes. 你有一双漂亮的眼睛。
【注意】表示“有某人正在做某事”，要用“There be＋sb.＋doing sth.(＋其他).”。
例 There are several children swimming in the swimming pool. 有几个孩子正在游泳池里游泳。
( )1. There _______ a big tree behind the shop. You can see many birds in it. （2023甘肃白银改编）
A. is B. are C. was
( )2. We hope _______ a computer on every student's desk in the future. (2022天津改编)
A. there is B. there was C. there will be
A
C
( )3. —There _______ a basketball game against Class Two next Sunday.
—I see. I will come and cheer you on.
A. will have B. is going to be C. is going to have
( )4. There _______ any lemonade (柠檬水) left. Let's make some now.
A. is B. isn't C. aren't
B
B
( )5. —Was there a tall man in the meeting room just now
—_______. I didn't see anyone there.
A. Yes, there was
B. No, there wasn't
C. No, it wasn't
B
语篇考点专练
一、语法选择 主题：护士勇救瀑布落水者 难度：★★ 建议用时：6 mins
Last August we went to a waterfall. There __1__ a number of people playing in the water.
Sitting on the rocks with my husband， I was watching some parents __2__ guarding their kids away from the rocks' edges(边缘). I felt glad that our 8-year-old son Wyatt could look after himself.
( )1. A. was B. were C. are
( )2. A. nervousness B. nervous C. nervously
B
C
“___3___ running!” I said to him from time to time. “__4__ away from the edges.”But I soon relaxed， and we were all having fun in the water.
Suddenly，I saw Wyatt sit down between two rocks in the running water. Then he __5__ over the edge.
“Help, please！”I cried， over and over. But I only heard __6__ husband said to his wife， “We are leaving！”
( )3. A. Don't B. Not C. No
( )4. A. To stay B. Stay C. Staying
( )5. A. disappears B. disappeared C. is disappearing
( )6. A. a B. an C. the
C
B
B
A
“Please don't go！” I begged(乞求). But they walked straight away.
When I climbed down to the rocks，there was a young woman __7__ my husband pull Wyatt out of the water. She was giving first aid. “I'm Lisa，a nurse. I'm not leaving you.” “__8__ warm-hearted (热心肠的) lady you are！” I couldn't help crying. Not only I but also my husband was thankful to Lisa.
( )7. A. helping B. help C. helped
( )8. A. How B. What C. What a
A
C
Wyatt was taken to the hospital immediately. The next 8 hours was a sleepless night for us. Then we __9__ Wyatt was going to be OK. “__10__ can he leave for home， doctor？” I asked. “In 2 days.”
Meeting Lisa has reminded me how we need help from people we don't know!
( )9. A. were told B. told C. tell
( )10. A. How long B. How soon C. How far
A
B
二、短文填空 主题：瑜伽 难度：★★ 建议用时：6 mins
请从方框内选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使文章完整连贯。注意每空一词，每词仅用一次，有两词为多余项。
they what for same be how relax however busy an world can
These days，people have very busy lives，working or studying and spending time with friends and family. __1__ stressful the life is today！So people need to do something different to relax in __2__ free time.
Some people like to go to the gym so that they can keep fit and healthy. __3__， many people don't like running or using machines to exercise. Then yoga(瑜伽)can be a good activity __4__ these people.
How
their
However
for
In yoga you can reach out your body and breathe deeply at the __5__ time.This helps your body and mind to __6__ while your body becomes stronger. Many people do yoga every day， and it is __7__ activity which all types of people can do—young or old. It can give you more energy，too.
Yoga started a very long time ago in India，but in the last few years it has become very popular all over the __8__. You __9__ find yoga classes in most towns and cities these days.
same
relax
an
world
can
There __10__ also lots of yoga videos on the Internet，so you can try it at home！If you want to exercise and relax at the same time， why don't you try yoga？
1. ________________ 2. ________________
3. ________________ 4. ________________
5. ________________ 6. ________________
7. ________________ 8. ________________
9. ________________ 10. ________________
are
How
their
However
for
same
relax
an
world
can
are