外研版中考英语复习第五章数词教学课件(共38张PPT)

(共38张PPT)
第一部分 基于语义的语法知识篇
第五章 数词
考点导图
中考考点回顾
考 点 题 型 考 频（5年2考） 考点内容
基数词 短文填空 5年1考 2023：hundreds of 2
序数词 单项填空 1年1考 2019:当序数词前有形容词性物主代词时省略the 1
1 单项填空 32. We are proud of our country. The year 2019 is her ______ birthday.
A. seventy B. the seventy
C. the seventieth D. seventieth
考点解析 考查当序数词前有形容词性物主代词时省略the的用法。故选D。
2 短文填空 Imagine that you travel back to __72__ of years ago and brush your teeth comfortably.
考点解析 考查概数的表达方式，结合方框中的hundred, hundreds of意为“数以百计的”。故填hundreds。
考点精讲精练
考点1
基数词
1. 基数词的基本构成
基本构成 举 例
基数词1~12为独立的单词，有其各自的形式 one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve
基数词13~19以-teen结尾 thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen,eighteen, nineteen
基数词20~90的整十位数以-ty结尾 twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety
续表
基本构成 举 例
基数词21~99的十位与个位之间要加连字符“-”(不含整十位数) twenty-one, thirty-two
基数词100~999：百位与十位之间一般用连词and连接，十位与个位之间要加连字符“-”；如果十位是“0”，则百位与个位之间用and连接 one hundred and sixty-one, one hundred and one
基数词1 000及以上：阿拉伯数字从右往左数，每三位数加“，”，第一个逗号前用thousand，第二个逗号前用million，第三个逗号前用billion 123,456：one hundred and twenty-three thousand four hundred and fifty-six
2. 基数词表示数目的多少
例 There are fifty students in our class. 我们班上有50个学生。
练 There are ______ days in a week. 一周有7天。
3. 基数词表示时刻
(1)顺读法：适用于任何时刻的表达，用基数词表述 “小时数+分钟数”。
例 6：00读作six o'clock 6：10读作six ten
练 6：30读作 __________ 6：45读作 ________________
seven
six thirty
six forty-five
(2)逆读法：
①分钟数小于或等于30时，用 “分钟数+past+小时数”。
例 6：05读作five past six 6：15读作 a quarter past six
练 6：20读作 ________________ 6：30读作 ______________
②分钟数超过30时，用 “(60-分钟数)+to+(小时数+1)”。
例 6：45 读作a quarter to seven
6：50 读作ten to seven
练 6：40读作 _________________________
6：35 读作 _________________________
twenty past six
half past six
twenty to seven
twenty-five to seven
【注意】在逆读法中，15分钟一般用a quarter表示, 30分钟一般用half表示。
(3)注意下面三种表达：
①half an hour 半小时
②one and a half hours=one hour and a half 一个半小时
③two more hours=another two hours 再多两个小时
4. hundred， thousand， million， billion的用法
(1)表示确切数目：当它们前面有具体的数字时，这四个词的词尾不能加-s, 也不能与of 连用。
例 He has two hundred book in his room.他的房间有200本书。
练 There are ____________________ students in my school. 我的学校有4 000人。
(2)表示概数：当它们与of连用时，这四个词的词尾要加-s，前面不能加具体的数字(2023.72)。
例 hundreds of 数以百计的,thousands of 数以千计的,millions of 数以百万计的，billions of 数以十亿计的
four thousand
5. 基数词表示编号
表示编号时，单数可数名词（首字母大写）+基数词（首字母大写）=the+序数词（首字母小写）+单数可数名词（首字母小写）。
例 Unit One＝the first unit第一单元，Page Two＝the second page第二页
6. 基数词表示年龄
（1）“at the age of+基数词”表示“在（某人）……岁时”。
例 at the age of fifteen 在15岁时
（2）“基数词-year-old”表示“……岁的”，作定语。
例 a five-year-old boy 一个5岁大的男孩
（3）“基数词+year(s)+old”表示“……岁”，作表语。
例 He is five years old.他5岁。
(4)“in+one's+整十复数(改y为i+-es)”表示“在某人几十岁时”。
例 in his thirties 在他30多岁时
7. 基数词表示倍数和次数
表示“一倍；一次”用once, “两倍；两次”用twice，三倍或三次以上用“基数词+times”。
例 I have been to London three times. 我去过伦敦3次。
练 We do exercise ________ a week.我们一周锻炼两次。
twice
8. 小数、百分数表达法：小数点读作point，百分号“%”读作percent
例 5.65读作five point six five 30%读作thirty percent
练 10.9读作 ________________ 45%读作 __________________
【注意】“小数 / 百分数+of+名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式要与它们所修饰的名词的数保持一致。
例 30 percent of the water is used up. 30%的水被用光了。
练 Fifty percent of the students in our school ______ girls. 我们学校一半的学生是女生。
ten point nine
forty-five percent
are
9. 其他特殊且重要的表达方式
(1)“in+年份”表示“在具体某一年”。
例 My brother was born in 2005. 我的哥哥出生于2005年。
练 I went back to my hometown ___________.我在2003年回到了我的家乡
in 2003
(2)“in+the+整十年份+-s / 's”表示“在……世纪……年代”。
例 He worked as a shop assistant in the 1980s / 1980's. 在20世纪80年代他是名售货员。
练 Colored TV appeared __________________________.在20世纪90年代彩色电视出现了。
（3）“基数词-单数可数名词”表示时间、距离，作定语。
例 a ten-minute walk=ten minutes' walk 10分钟的步行路程
in the 1990s / 1990's
（4）“基数词+单位名词(s)（meter, feet, inch等）+形容词（long, wide, high等）”表示长、宽、高等，作表语。
例 The desk is one meter wide. 这张桌子1米宽。
练 Jim's bed is ____________________.吉姆的床两米长。
two meters long
( )1. —What's thirty and ten
—It's _______.(2023甘肃白银)
A.forty B. fifty C. seventy D. eighty
A
( )2. —People in our town planted _______ trees on Tree Planting Day.
—Good job! Everyone can do something to make our town greener. (2022江苏宿迁改编)
A.hundred B.hundred of C.hundreds of
( )3. In our city museum, there are many old things from two _______ years ago on show.
A.thousands B.thousands of C.thousand
C
C
( )4. My aunt became a nurse in her _______ and she still loves her job now.
A.twenties B.twentieth C.twenty
( )5. The _______ Lianyungang-Xuzhou High-speed Railway was open to the public this year.
A.180 kilometer long
B.180-kilometers-long
C.180-kilometer-long
A
C
考点2
序数词
1. 基数词变序数词的规律
规律口诀 举 例
基变序，容易记，词尾加上-th；
一二三，特殊记，词尾字母t,d,d；
八去t，九去e， f来把ve替；
若是遇到整十数，ty变作tie;
若是遇到几十几，只变个位就可以 four→fourth, eighteen→eighteenth
one→first, two→second, three→third
eight→eighth, nine→ninth, five→fifth
twenty→twentieth, thirty→thirtieth
twenty-one→twenty-first, fifty-four→fifty-fourth
2. 序数词表示事物的先后顺序，常与定冠词the连用
例 This is the first present.这是第一份礼物。
【注意】当序数词作副词，充当状语时，不用加the。
例 I took out my book first. 首先，我拿出了我的书。
3. 当序数词前有形容词性物主代词或名词所有格时，省略the(2019.32)
例 This is my second time to Beijing. 这是我第二次到北京。
Tom's fifth birthday is coming soon. 汤姆的第5个生日马上就到了。
4. 序数词表达日期
例 2023年8月19日
可写作：August 19th, 2023 / 19th August, 2023
可读作：August the nineteenth， two thousand and twenty-three / the nineteenth day of
August, two thousand and twenty-three
5. 分数表达法：分子用基数词，分母用序数词（子基母序）；当分子大于1时，分母的序数词要加-s
例 one third三分之一，two fifths五分之二
【注意】“分数+of+名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式要与它们所修饰的名词的数保持一致。
例 Five sixths of the homework has been finished.六分之五的作业已经完成了。
练 One second of my classmates ______ to school by bike.我有一半的同学骑车上学。
go
6. “a/an+序数词”表示“再一；又一”
例 a second chance 第二次机会,a third time 第三次
7. 序数词在一些固定搭配中不加the
例 at first起初，first of all首先，from first to last自始至终，at first sight第一眼
( )1. Nowadays, a number of people like HUAWEI phones better, and about _______ of them are adults.（2023黑龙江龙东改编）
A. four five B. four fifths C. four fifth
B
( )2. There are _______ people in the picture, and the _______ one from the left is me. (2022广西百色改编)
A.eight; third B.eight; three C.eighth; third
( )3. —This will be my _______ visit to the Great Wall. I'm really excited.
—Really I can't believe you've never been there yet. You arrived in Beijing almost a year ago!(2022甘肃武威)
A.first B.second C.third D.fourth
A
A
one two three four five seven nine
4.Now I am in the ________ grade, and I'm leaving school. I will remember all the suggestions he has given me.(2023河北改编)
5.This piece of music is so beautiful that I have heard it twice. I'd like to listen to it a ________ time.
ninth
third
6.The birth rate is low, so our government encourages a ________ or a third child.
7.At ________, Gregory was shy and hardly spoke. But finally he spoke confidently.
8.April is the ________ month of a year.
second
first
fourth
语篇考点专练
一、语法选择 主题：杜佳磊的折纸之路 难度：★★ 建议用时：6 mins
Making a deer out of paper without cutting or using glue sounds impossible. But for Du Jialei, paper __1__ be folded into anything. There is no limit to his imagination.
Du, was a __2__ student from Shanghai University in 2022.
( )1. A. can B. must C. should
( )2. A. 23 years old B. 23-year-old C. 23-years-old
A
B
He won the __3__ place at the ninth IOIO (国际折纸奥林匹克) in February this year. __4__ competitors from 59 countries and areas took part in this year's event.
Du discovered his __5__ in folding paper in his childhood. After Du __6__ to college in 2017, he had enough time to take the hobby seriously.
( )3. A. three B. third C. thirdly
( )4. A. Hundred of B. Hundreds of C. Hundreds
( )5. A. interest B. interesting C. interested
( )6. A. goes B. will go C. went
B
B
A
C
He learned folding from online teachers and experts. Later he copied patterns (式样)__7__ books. He spent almost three years improving his basic skills by making copies of __8__ artists' designs. Then he made __9__ own creations.
For Du, folding paper __10__ his ability to pay attention to both the bigger picture and the details. He is creative as he has been challenging himself to make original (原创的) works.
( )7. A. to B. for C. from
( )8. A. others B. another C. other
( )9. A. he B. his C. himself
( )10. A. develop B. develops C. developed
C
C
B
B
二、短文填空 主题：金钱树的故事 难度：★★★ 建议用时：7 mins
请从方框内选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使文章完整连贯。注意每空一词，每词仅用一次，有两词为多余项。
meter well hundred from rich poor say grow lucky live friendship between
Once a poor man hoped for good luck and found a tree in the wild. He took it home and __1__ more trees from its seeds(种子). This really made him a __2__ man, so he named it the money tree. People __3__ that the trunk(树干) of the money tree can hold luck in it. The five leaves stand for metal, wood, water, fire and earth—the five things of balance. That's why Chinese people like the money tree __4__ than other plants.
grew
rich
say
better
Now the Chinese money tree is popular for celebrating Lunar New Year. People believe it can bring good __5__ into their life. People also give the tree to friends or to new neighbors to show __6__. This plant can get to 15 __7__ tall, but we usually see them as desktop plants of maybe a 1.2~1.5 meter tree.
The tree is very easy to care for and can live for __8__ of years. It grows best in the temperature __9__ 18℃ and 27℃. It's better to keep the tree away __10__ cold air. Don't put it near an outside door.(2023内蒙古赤峰改编)
luck
friendship
meters
hundreds
between
from
1. ________________ 2. ________________
3. ________________ 4. ________________
5. ________________ 6. ________________
7. ________________ 8. ________________
9. ________________ 10. ________________
grew
rich
say
better
luck
friendship
meters
hundreds
between
from