外研版中考英语复习第一章名词教学课件(共65张PPT)

(共65张PPT)
第一部分 基于语义的语法知识篇
第一章 名词
考点导图
中考考点回顾
编者按 此部分汇总了2019—2023广东中考真题，梳理了单项填空(2019)、语法选择(2020—2023)、完形填空以及短文填空的近5年考情，分析命题规律，探究命题趋势。
考点 题型 考频（5年23考） 考点内容
名词词义辨析 完形填空 5年13考 2019:decision 1 ，truth 2?
2020:look 5 ，change 6?，decision 7?
2021:advantage 11 ，space 12 ，reply 13
2022:vegetable 16 ，family 17
2023:time 19 ,baby 20 ,idea 21
可数名词及其单、复数 语法选择 4年1考 2021：birds 10
短文填空 5年5考 2019：animals 3 ，live a happy life 4
2020：idea 9 2021：letters 14 2023：habit 23
不可数名词 短文填空 5年2考 2020：raise money 8 2022：water 18
名词所有格 语法选择 4年1考 2022：-'s结构表示所有格的用法 15
短文填空 5年1考 2023：of结构表示所有格的用法 22
（注：上面的蓝色序号与下面的真题对应，同学们可通过序号找到对应的真题）
1 完形填空 “We always do what you want to do，Cindy.It's my turn to make a ___47___，”Anna said.
A. promise B. project
C. decision D. dialogue
考点解析 考查名词辨析。此句意为“‘我们总是做你想做的事，辛迪。（现在该）轮到我做决定（decision）了，’安娜说。”故选C。
2 完形填空 When it was time for lunch，Cindy finally told Mrs.Stone the ___53___.
A. chance B. method C. truth D. rule
考点解析 考查名词辨析。从上文的Cindy knew she should tell Mrs.Stone that she had the notebook可知“午饭时间到了，辛迪最后告诉了斯通夫人真相（truth）。” 故选C。
3 短文填空 In the village，there were many paintings of ___75___，such as cats and birds.
4 短文填空 From them， Grandpa Huang learned to live a long and happy ___79___.
考点解析 考查复数可数名词。由下文的cats and birds可推断出填“动物”，结合上文的many可知用复数可数名词。故填animals。
考点解析 考查单数可数名词。live a happy life(过着幸福的生活)为固定搭配。故填life。
5 完形填空 In the next few weeks，Mr.Smith's interest in his ___46___ kept growing. He bought new eyes，new hands and new feet.
A. shape B. age C. life D. look
考点解析 考查名词辨析。从下文的He bought new eyes，new hands and new feet可知“在接下来的几周里，史密斯先生对他的外表（look）越来越感兴趣。”故选D。
6 完形填空 However， the ___48___ in the face and fingerprints brought him much trouble.
A. smile B. change C. color D. kiss
考点解析 考查名词辨析。从上文的After that,he looked very young for his age,and ___47___ different可知“然而，面部和指纹的改变（change）给他带来了很多麻烦”。故选B。
7 完形填空 In the end，he decided to have his old body back！ To his surprise，Mrs.Smith was unhappy with his ___50___ because she could not bear (忍受) the bad smell of his old feet.
A. interest B. condition C. decision D. situation
考点解析 考查名词辨析。从上文的 In the end，he decided to have his old body back可知“史密斯夫人对他的决定（decision）不满意，因为她无法忍受他以前那双脚的臭味。”故选C。
8 短文填空 They wanted to raise ___70___ to help their friends.
9 短文填空 Then she came up with an ___71___.
考点解析 考查不可数名词。此句意为“他们想要筹钱（raise money）来帮助朋友。”故填money。
考点解析 考查单数可数名词。由上下文可知“她想出了一个主意”。故填idea。
10 语法选择 People could enjoy the scenery (风景) and watch ___36___ there.
A. bird B. birds C. bird's D. birds'
考点解析 考查复数可数名词。空格前无限定词，复数可数名词作宾语。故选B。
11 完形填空 What are Sam's ___44___？ For one，he wrote， “My sister says I act like an alien (外星人).”
A. dreams B. problems
C. discoveries D. advantages
考点解析 考查名词辨析。从下文For one，he wrote，“My sister says I act like an alien.”可知“萨姆的优点（advantages）是什么呢？”故选D。
12 完形填空 Sam also said he had watched almost all the ___45___ movies he could find.
A. war B. road C. space D. sports
考点解析 考查名词辨析。从上文的a space agency以及He wrote a letter to the agency,saying that he wanted the job可知“萨姆还说，他几乎把能找到的太空（space）电影都看完了。”故选C。
13 完形填空 Sam soon got a ___46___ from Bill Black，director of the agency. “We have received your letter …”
A. job B. test C. reply D. ticket
14 短文填空 Lao Pan's new book includes his forty-seven ___73___ to his family back in America. The letters …
考点解析 考查名词辨析。从下文的“We have received your letter …”可知“萨姆很快就收到了该机构主任比尔·布莱克的回复（reply）……”故选C。
考点解析 考查复数可数名词。此处是对下文letters的复现。故填letters。
15 语法选择 At primary school， she was her music ___33___ favorite student.
A.teacher B.teachers C.teacher's
考点解析 考查名词所有格。此句意为“在小学的时候，她是音乐老师最喜欢的学生”，-'s结构表示所有格。故选C。
16 完形填空 On the table she lays out some ___41___ in season， such as carrots and tomatoes.
A. fruits B. flowers
C.leaves D.vegetables
考点解析 考查名词辨析。从下文的such as carrots and tomatoes可知“她在桌上摆了一些应季的蔬菜（vegetables）”。故选D。
17 完形填空 Earlier that year， a fire broke out in her house. Molly's ___43___ had a hard time.
A. family B.class C.office D.team
18 短文填空 At that time， people made tea in a simple way. They just put fresh tea leaves into hot ___ 71___.
考点解析 考查名词辨析。从上文的Earlier that year， a fire broke out in her house可知“莫利的家庭（family）过得很艰难”。故选A。
考点解析 考查不可数名词。结合常识可知，煮茶是将茶叶放进开水里面。故填water。
19 完形填空 “How can I make ___42___ go faster I can't wait to see …”
A. air B. time C. light D. water
20 完形填空 “… I can't wait to see the ___43___.”
A. yard B. tree C. baby D. apple
考点解析 考查名词辨析。从下文的I can't wait to see可知“‘我'怎样才能让时间（time）过得更快呢？”故选B。
考点解析 考查名词辨析。从上文的Little Dora always wanted a sister.So when Mum told her she would have one in six months可知“‘我'迫不及待想要看到婴儿（baby）了。”故选C。
21 完形填空 She had a good ___44___ when she saw the apple tree in the yard.
A. job B. idea C. life D. trip
考点解析 考查名词辨析。从下文的She decided to ___45___ a picture of the tree each day可知“当她看到院子里的苹果树时，她有了一个好主意（idea）。”故选B。
22 短文填空 The ___74___ of toothbrushes was not as famous as that of paper-making, but it was very useful in daily life.
考点解析 考查名词所有格。此句意为“牙刷的发明并不像造纸术的发明一样有名，但是它在日常生活中非常有用”，of结构表示所有格，invent作动词，其名词形式为invention。故填invention。
23 短文填空 Today we have a good ___75___ of brushing teeth.
［注：2023真题“短文填空”的方框内所给词详见第三部分专题四的“考题精解”（P294）］
考点解析 考查单数可数名词。此句意为“现在我们有一个刷牙的好习惯”。故填habit。
考点精讲精练
考点1
可数名词及其单、复数（5年6考）
1. 可数名词单数变复数的变化规则
规则 举例
一般情况下，直接在名词后加-s desk→desks， chair→chairs， book→books
以s， x， sh， ch结尾的名词，在词尾加-es bus→buses， box→boxes， brush→brushes， watch→watches
以 “辅音字母＋y” 结尾的名词，变y为i，再加-es baby→babies， story→stories， city→cities
以f或fe结尾的名词，变f或fe为v，再加-es leaf→leaves， knife→knives， thief→thieves
续表
规则 举例
以o结尾的名词变复数时，一般表示无生命含义的词加-s，表示有生命含义的词加-es radio→radios， photo→photos， piano→pianos； potato→potatoes,tomato→tomatoes， hero→heroes
不规则变化：
①改变单数可数名词中的元音字母（a→e, oo→ee）
②单复数形式相同
③其他形式 man→men， woman→women， tooth→teeth；
deer→deer， sheep→sheep;
mouse→mice， child→children， ox→oxen
2. 表示某国人的单、复数变化
口诀：“中日不变英法变，其他-s加后面”
“中日不变” Chinese→Chinese， Japanese→Japanese
“英法变a为e” Englishman→Englishmen， Frenchman→Frenchmen
“其他-s加后面” German→Germans， American→Americans， Australian→Australians， Canadian→Canadians， Indian→Indians
3. 集体名词：既可表示若干个体组成的集合体，也可表示集合体中的若干个体
集体名词如果表示整体概念，谓语动词用单数形式；如果表示个体成员，谓语动词用复数形式。常见的这类名词有：family， class， team， group， army。
例 My family is a big one in the village. 在村子里，我的家庭是一个大家族。
练 My family ______ busy doing their own things now. 我的家人现在正忙于做自己的事情。
are
4. 一般以复数形式出现的名词
常见的这类名词有：people， police， trousers， socks， clothes， glasses， gloves， shorts， scissors。
例 She wears a pair of glasses. 她戴着一副眼镜。
练 During the holidays, people ______ to visit the places of interest all over the country. 人们在假期期间喜欢参观全国各地的名胜古迹。
like
5. 以-s结尾却表示单数或不可数的名词
常见的这类名词有：news， politics， physics。
例 The news made all of us shocked. 这个消息使得我们所有人都震惊了。
练 Physics ______ one of my favorite subjects. 物理是我最喜欢的科目之一。
is
6. 两个名词组成的名词词组(合成名词)的单、复数变化
(1)一般情况下把最后一个单词变为复数。
例 a girl student→two girl students， an apple tree→three apple trees
(2)当前面一个单词是man或woman时，前后两个名词都要变为复数。
例 a man teacher→two men teachers， a woman nurse→two women nurses
（3）sport作定语，修饰其他名词时，用复数形式。
例 a sports cap→three sports caps
7. 单数可数名词前一般用a， an, one修饰；复数可数名词前一般用many, few, a few, some, a lot of或大于1 的数词等修饰
例 There is an apple, a banana and some oranges on the table. 桌子上有一个苹果、一根香蕉和一些橙子。
( )1. The proper _______ of your spare time will make your life colorful. (2023安徽)
A.date B. use C. name D. cause
( )2. Yueyang is one of the top 10 most beautiful _______ in China this year. （2023湖南岳阳）
A.city B. cities C. citys
B
B
( )3. Hurry up！ Some _______ and _______ are on sale in the supermarket.
A. tomatoes； eggs
B. tomatoes； egges
C. tomatos； eggs
A
listen chore robot family hero music orange
4. Amy is my best friend. She's always there to be a good __________.（2023云南改编）
5. Betty is crazy about music. Her dream is to be a ___________.（2023辽宁沈阳改编）
6. Please do some __________ in your free time like doing the dishes and making the bed. （2023甘肃兰州改编）
listener
musician
chores
7. Sweeping ________ from those factories can help us clean houses.（2022江苏淮安改编）
8. The film The Battle at Lake Changjin(《长津湖》) showed us many _________ in the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea (抗美援朝战争).（2022江苏泰州改编）
robots
heroes
考点2
不可数名词(5年2考)
1. 不可数名词通常没有复数形式，不能用a， an或数词修饰，但可用much, little, a little, some, a lot of等修饰
常见的这类名词有：music, fun, news, information, advice, weather, homework, air, money, traffic, progress。
例 I had a quarrel with my good friend yesterday. Can you give me some advice？昨天我和我的好朋友吵架了。你可以给我一些建议吗？
【注意】有些表示数量的单词或短语既可修饰复数可数名词，又可修饰不可数名词，如all, some, any, enough, a lot of, plenty of等。
2. 不可数名词的量的表示：借助量词来表示一定的数量，即“数词+量词+of+不可数名词”
例 a piece of news 一则新闻, two pieces of music 两首音乐，three cups of tea 三杯茶
【拓展】既可作可数名词又可作不可数名词的单词
单词 可数 不可数 单词 可数 不可数
glass 玻璃杯 玻璃 paper 报纸；试卷 纸
room 房间 空间 chicken 鸡 鸡肉
fish 鱼 鱼肉 orange 橙子 橙汁
time 次；倍 时间 work 著作；作品 工作
exercise 习题 锻炼 experience 经历 经验
例 We can use these oranges to make orange. 我们可以用这些橙子制作橙汁。
【注意】fish表示鱼的种类时，为可数名词，复数形式为fishes；表示鱼的条数时，为可数名词，单复数同形，均为fish；表示鱼肉时，为不可数名词。
( )1. All in all, _______ with friends is the best medicine for your mental health (心理健康). Hope my advice can help you. (2023四川凉山州改编)
A.communication B. information
C. instruction D. position
A
( )2. Hurry up， Su Mei！ The graduation ceremony begins in a second. We have _______ time left. (2022四川泸州改编)
A.few B.a little C.little
( )3. —What are these in the bag？ —They are _______.
A.three piece of chocolate
B.three pieces of chocolate
C.three pieces of chocolates
C
B
coffee progress safe culture important spirit homework
4. It's bad for us to drink too much _________.(2023黑龙江牡丹江改编)
5. No matter how times change, the _________ of Lei Feng will always be valuable. (2023 江苏扬州改编)
6. The harder you practice, the greater _________ you will make.(2023江苏连云港改编)
coffee
spirit
progress
7. World Health Day is used to highlight (强调) the ____________ of personal health. (2023 黑龙江龙东改编)
8. _________ is the most important for all of us when we go traveling.（2023黑龙江牡丹江改编）
importance
Safety
考点3
专有名词
【概念】专有名词是表示特定的、独一无二的人或物。其特点是：第一个字母大写；一般无复数形式。
1. 人名、地名、国家名、某国人、语言
例 Tom 汤姆，London 伦敦， China中国，American美国人，French 法语
2. 组织、机构、报刊
例 the United Nations 联合国，Peking University 北京大学，China Daily 《中国日报》
3. 星期、月份、节日
例 Monday 星期一，December 十二月，National Day 国庆节
【注意】以Day结尾的节日以及一些西方传统节日前一般不加冠词the；以Festival结尾的中国传统节日前需加the。
例 Shops close only on Christmas Day and New Year's Day.商店只在圣诞节和元旦停业。
The Mid-Autumn Festival is a good occasion for family reunion. 中秋节是家庭团圆的好时机。
( )1. _______ is the first month of a year.
A. January B. September
C. October D. December
( )2. I used to live in Russia. I think _______ sounds beautiful that people speak there.
A. Russian B. Chinese C. German D. French
A
A
( )3. _______ is on October 1st. We all celebrate it on that day.
A. Women's Day B. National Day
C. The Double Ninth Festival D. Tree Planting Day
( )4. China is located in _______ and France belongs to _______.
A. Asia; Europe B. Africa; Europe
C. Europe; Africa D. Europe; Asia
B
A
考点4
名词所有格
1. -'s结构表示所有格的用法(2022.33)
用法 举例
有生命的单数可数名词所有格一般直接在词尾加-'s，但以s结尾的复数可数名词只需加-'，不以s结尾的复数可数名词所有格加-'s father's shoes爸爸的鞋子, teachers' office教师办公室,Children's Day儿童节
表示共同所有的名词所有格，只需在最后一个单词后加-'s；表示分别所有的名词所有格，则需在每个名词后加-'s Lily and Lucy's room 莉莉和露西共有的一间房，
Lily's and Lucy's rooms 莉莉和露西各自的房间
表示时间、距离、价格、世界、国家等的名词所有格用-'s或者-s' nine days' holiday 9天的假期，ten miles' journey 10英里的旅程，fifteen dollars' worth 价值15美元，the world's population 世界的人口， China's industry 中国工业
表示商铺、某人的家、诊所或餐馆等的名词所有格，其后的名词可以省略 at Li Lei's 在李雷家，at the doctor's 在医生的诊所里
2. of结构表示所有格的用法(2023.74)
无生命的名词所有格一般用of结构来表达。
例 a map of China 一张中国地图，the end of this term 本学期末，the capital of our country 我们国家的首都，the foot of the hill 山脚
3. 双重所有格
(1）of+-'s所有格。例 a picture of Tom's 汤姆的一张图片
(2）of+名词性物主代词。例 a friend of mine 我的一个朋友
4. 个别用to表示所有格
例 the key to the door 门的钥匙，the answer to the question 问题的答案，the way to the school 去学校的路，the ticket to the concert 演唱会的门票
( )1. —_______ Day is around the corner, but I don't have money to buy a gift for my dad.
—Why not make a card by yourself He will certainly love it. （2023山东滨州改编）
A. Fathers B. Father's C. Father
B
( )2.—You have a nice house! Whose room is this
—It's _______.
A.Jack and Peter's
B.Jack's and Peter's
C.Jack's and Peter
( )3.Frank is a friend of _______. He is a scientist from Canada.
A.mine B.I C.my
A
A
people day womanminute I time of
4. ____________ Day is on March 8th. (2023湖北随州改编)
5. —Doctor, 168 yuan for pulling a tooth It's only a few ____________ work.
—Well. I can do it more slowly if you like. (2023四川凉山州改编)
6. We'll get eight _________ holiday during National Day.
Women's
minutes'
days'
7. I was ill, so some friends of _________ came to see me in the hospital.
8. I don't think Jack will get lost in the forest because he has a good sense ______ direction.
编者按 更多名词辨析及短语归纳可见于《中考高频词汇突破》，并建议结合《早读本》进行记忆。
mine
of
语篇考点专练
一、语法选择 主题：笨鸟先飞，勤能补拙 难度：★★ 建议用时：7 mins
It was a beautiful spring day in a forest. High up in a __1__, a mother bird was watching her six baby birds come out of the eggs. Five of them were strong. But the last one was not.
( )1. A. trees B. tree C. tree's
B
This little one was called Little Six. He was not fast enough __2__ the worms (蠕虫). Little Six ate __3__ food, so he was always hungry. And he didn't like that.
Little Six didn't have a strong body, but __4__ had a strong will (决心). He decided __5__ he would get stronger. He would flap (拍动) his wings and do exercises every day.
( )2. A. to get B. get C. getting
( )3. A. few B. a few C. little
( )4. A. he B. him C. his
( )5. A. what B. who C. that
A
C
A
C
Every morning, Little Six would rise before the sun came up. When __6__ brothers and sisters woke, he had already finished all his exercises. Morning after morning, he __7__ flapping his wings, and they were getting stronger and stronger. He always got __8__ first worms Mama brought back home and he became stronger and stronger.
( )6. A. Little Six B. Little Six's C. Little Six'
( )7. A. practices B. practiced C. is practicing
( )8. A. the B. a C. an
B
B
A
After a couple of months, all __9__ grew well. Mama Bird brought them together and taught them to fly. To everyone's __10__, Little Six was the first to start flying!
“Chirp! Chirp!Look at me!” Little Six cried happily while his brothers and sisters still fought hard, trying to fly up. (2023广东广州改编)
( )9. A. baby bird B. babies birds C. baby birds
( )10. A. surprise B. surprised C. surprising
C
A
二、完形填空 主题：曹茂园夺得成都大运会首金 难度：★★★ 建议用时：7 mins
The 31st FISU Games (第31届世界大学生运动会) was held from July 28th to August 8th in Chengdu. There were 6,500 student players from 113 countries and regions（地区） attending this __1__.
( )1. A. speech B. picnic
C. event D. graduation
C
Moreover, it's the second time that wushu was __2__ the FISU Games after it firstly appeared in 2017.
Wushu, or kung fu, was born and __3__ in China. It has a long __4__ of more than 5,000 years.
( )2. A. fed on B. added to
C. come from D. thought about
( )3. A. divided B. regretted
C. locked D. developed
( )4. A. message B. game
C. history D. celebration
B
D
C
Chinese wushu player Cao Maoyuan performed __5__ in men's Nanquan. He won the first gold __6__ of the Chengdu FISU World University Games on July 29th.
Cao, 25, a student from Chengdu Sport University, was in a red suit with green dragon picture.He tried his best to make the __7__ perfect in the competition when the local audience（观众） warmly cheered for him.
( )5. A. badly B. terribly C. perfectly D. widely
( )6. A. medal B. coin C. stone D. bell
( )7. A. fair B. show C. product D. brand
C
A
B
“I was a little __8__ in the beginning because it was my first appearance at the games,” Mao said after the __9__.“I'm __10__ that I got the first gold of the games. I believe I'll do better in the next competition.”
( )8. A. nervous B. sad C. friendly D. strict
( )9. A. university B. noise
C. competition D. purpose
( )10. A. sorry B. mad C. glad D. patient
A
C
C
三、短文填空 主题：“非遗新宠”——茶 难度：★★★ 建议用时：8 mins
请从方框内选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使文章完整连贯。注意每空一词，每词仅用一次，有两词为多余项。
say China year difference invent kind such people in peace product farmer
On November 29th, 2022, China's traditional tea-making was added to the Intangible Cultural Heritage List (非物质文化遗产名录) of the UNESCO.
Tea has a history of more than 2,000 ___1___ in China. In ancient times, people called tea by many ___2___ names. It is ___3___ that the Chinese character “cha” for tea is finally decided by Lu Yu.
Since the Tang Dynasty, ___4___ tea has left a big influence on other countries.
years
different
said
Chinese
After the 18th century, Chinese tea was successfully introduced to many countries, ___5___ as India and Sri Lanka. Now a great number of ___6___ enjoy drinking tea. Besides, they are greatly interested ___7___ its history and culture.
China is actually the only country that can produce all six ___8___ of tea—green, yellow, dark, white, oolong and black. And there are more than 2,000 tea ___9___.
such
people
in
kinds
products
Chinese tea culture includes the Chinese way of dealing with the world. In tea, we find ___10___, art and politeness. It has been an important part of Chinese culture.(2023黑龙江大庆改编)
peace
1. ________________ 2. ________________
3. ________________ 4. ________________
5. ________________ 6. ________________
7. ________________ 8. ________________
9. ________________ 10. ________________
years
different
said
Chinese
such
people
in
kinds
products
peace