外研版中考英语复习专题四短文填空教学课件(共63张PPT)

(共63张PPT)
专题四 短 文 填 空 2023新考法：12选10
题型分析
概况：2023年广东中考短文填空题有重大变化，从无提示填词变为选词填空，12选10，并要求用单词的正确形式填空，整体难度有所降低。短文填空题共10小题，每小题1.5分，共15分，所考查的语篇一般是一篇故事性小短文或说明文，语篇话题与学生的学习及生活息息相关。
考点：短文填空题主要考查九大词类：名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词、数词、连词、介词、冠词。
总结：此题型要考学生在理解文章大意的基础上考虑词法、句法，以及研究语篇、句子的结构、衔接和连贯问题，旨在考查学生综合运用语言的能力。题目虽然提供了单词选项，但是挖空的地方通常有一些巧妙的设计，需要学生根据上下文对单词进行变形，故审题需细致。
备考指南
考点清单
短文填空题要求学生既能选中单词，又要写得对单词。所以在解题时，先略读全文，对全文有大概了解。然后运用所学的知识与技巧，根据文章大意，逐个填空。易的先填，难的做标记后填，坚持不留空。全部题目完成后，再复读一遍，核查答案。
1 通读全文，了解大意
解题技巧
2 周密分析，选出多数
（1）结构分析：分析句子结构，判断所填空格的词性。
（2）逻辑推理：根据上下文，分析句子间的逻辑关系，推出所填空格的词义。
（3）语境推断：根据前后语境，推出所填空格的词汇及其形式。
（4）词汇复现：包括原词、同义词、近义词、反义词、概括词和代词的复现。
（5）固定搭配：熟记初中阶段常用的短语。
3 排除干扰，确定选项
4 复读文章，仔细检查
（1）检查动词的时态、语态、主谓一致。
（2）检查名词的单、复数及所有格。
（3）检查形容词和副词的三个级别。
（4）检查习惯用语、固定搭配等是否符合习惯。
（5）检查上下文的连贯性，以及所填词是否符合逻辑。
五、短文填空（本大题共10小题，每小题1.5分，共15分）
请从方框内选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使文章完整连贯。注意每空一词，每词仅用一次，有两词为多余项。请将答案写在答题卡对应题目的答题位置上。
考题精解
it either be because what else by invent clean popular habit hundred
There is a small thing we use every day.We usually put __66__ in the bathroom.Without it, we might have tooth problems.Can you guess __67__ it is Yes, it's the toothbrush.But do you know anything about its history
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了牙刷的发展历史和功能。
【答案详解】
66.it 考查人称代词。根据句子结构分析，此处缺少宾语，用于指代前一句话的“a small thing”。故填it。
67.what 考查宾语从句的引导词。本句为宾语从句，意为“你能猜出它是什么吗？”根据句子结构分析，此处缺少宾语从句的引导词。故填what。
According to some research, before toothbrushes appeared, the ancient Chinese people __68__ their teeth with some small tree branches (树枝).About 800 years ago, people made a kind of brushes with pig hair and bamboo.It might __69__ the world's earliest form of toothbrushes.
【答案详解】
68.cleaned 考查动词。根据句子结构分析，此处缺少谓语动词。由空格后的“their teeth”可判断选项中的clean最符合语境。句中的“the ancient Chinese people”意为“古代的中国人”，由此可判定句子时态为一般过去时。故填cleaned。
69.be 考查系动词。本句意为“这可能是世界上最早的牙刷。”此处是系表结构，情态动词might后跟be动词原形。故填be。
As time went __70__, the forms of toothbrushes changed.For example, people chose horse-tail hair instead of pig hair __71__ pig hair was too hard.Imagine that you travel back to __72__ of years ago and brush your teeth comfortably.It sounds fantastic, doesn't it
【答案详解】
70.by 考查介词。As time went by是短语，意为“随着时间的流逝”。故填by。
71.because 考查连词。本句意为 “例如，人们选择马尾毛而不是猪毛，因为猪毛太硬了。”前后句之间是因果关系。故填because。
72.hundreds 考查数词。本句意为 “想象一下，你回到几百年前，舒舒服服地刷牙。”hundreds of是短语，意为“数以百计的”。故填hundreds。
Around the 15th century, the Chinese toothbrush found its way into Europe.It became __73__ among local people soon.The __74__ of toothbrushes was not as famous as that of paper-making, but it was very useful in daily life.
【答案详解】
73.popular 考查形容词。根据句子结构分析，此处缺少表语。系动词后面接形容词作表语。本句意为“它在当地人中很快开始流行起来。”故填popular。
74.invention 考查名词。本句意为“牙刷的发明不像造纸术的发明那样出名，但是它在日常生活中非常有用。”of 结构表示所有格，应填名词。invent为动词，其名词形式为invention。故填invention。
Today we have a good __75__ of brushing teeth.We should thank the ancient Chinese for it.(2023广东)
【答案详解】
75.habit 考查名词。本句意为“如今我们养成了刷牙的好习惯。”have a good habit of …意为“有一个……的好习惯”。故填habit。
高分演练
模拟题(一) 主题：茶文化 难度：★★ 建议用时：6 mins
请从方框内选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使文章完整连贯。注意每空一词，每词仅用一次，有两词为多余项。
milk ago much how water yes in become good it no drink
Would you like to start your day with a cup of tea If the answer is __1__, you may have the same habit as many people.
You may not know __2__ popular tea is.Among all kinds of drinks, tea is one of the top two choices.People like it because it is __3__ for their health.
Tea is mostly produced __4__ Asian countries like China and India.Chinese people started to drink tea as early as 5,000 years __5__.At that time, people made tea in a simple way.They just put fresh tea leaves into hot __6__.
yes
how
good
in
ago
water
Tea wasn't introduced into Europe until the early 17th century.And now it has __7__ popular in Europe and America.People there like to __8__ tea with sugar or milk in it.As the population of tea drinkers gets larger, tea business is getting __9__ important than before.
The first International Tea Day was on May 21st, 2020.Since then, people have celebrated ___10___ every year.The Day makes people realize the importance of tea workers and their work.（2022广东改编）
become
drink
more
it
1. ________________ 2. ________________
3. ________________ 4. ________________
5. ________________ 6. ________________
7. ________________ 8. ________________
9. ________________ 10. ________________
yes
how
good
in
ago
water
become
drink
more
it
模拟题(二) 主题：金钱管理 难度：★★ 建议用时：8 mins
请从方框内选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使文章完整连贯。注意每空一词，每词仅用一次，有两词为多余项。
surprise take save wise how improve plan by shame money if mean
Money may not buy happiness, but it helps.Many teenagers want to learn __1__ to manage money before going out into the world.Be smart with your money.This idea is raised __2__ Dr.Mara Harvey, a money expert.The following are some of her tips.
Learn to make money.Ask parents or neighbors__3__ you can do chores to make pocket money.These could include washing a car or __4__ the dog for a walk.Agree
how
by
if
taking
on the value of different jobs before you start.In this way, you can also __5__ your communication skills, which will help when you have a grown-up job, too.
Help your money grow.Money can't grow if it's sitting inside a piggy bank (猪形储钱罐).Put your money in the bank and you can get interest (利息).Save your money in the long run.One day you may feel __6__ at how much money you have.
improve
surprised
Make a __7__.If you have a big event, such as a holiday coming up, it might __8__ you will need to spend more of your pocket money.Try making a plan for spending and saving.Write down how much money you have and what you are spending.Then it will help you take control of your __9__.
Spend your money __10__.Figure out how much you can reasonably spend each month.Spend your money on
plan
mean
money
wisely
what you truly need.Then try to cut down on spending.For example, rather than eating out, you can choose to cook at home.(2023四川成都改编)
1. ________________ 2. ________________
3. ________________ 4. ________________
5. ________________ 6. ________________
7. ________________ 8. ________________
9. ________________ 10. ________________
how
by
if
taking
improve
surprised
plan
mean
money
wisely
模拟题(三) 主题：中国屏风 难度：★★★ 建议用时：8 mins
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however as popular if marry stop beautiful story it create unless man
The Chinese pingfeng (folding screen) is an ancient invention and traditional Chinese furniture (家具).Pingfeng means to __1__ the wind from coming in at the very beginning.
As time passes, __2__ has been made into different sizes with colorful paintings.There was usually a dragon on screens.It's a symbol of light, growth, nobility(高贵) and power.The peacock, a beautiful bird, can be seen on
stop
it
screens, too.It's a symbol of everlasting life.Beautiful flowers, which mean wealth and good luck, are also chosen as a __3__ design of the pingfeng.All the designs carry people's beautiful wishes.
There is an interesting __4__ behind the pingfeng.In the past, the unmarried daughter of a rich family was not supposed to see or be seen by __5__ except her father, brothers or very close male (男性的) cousins.__6__, when
popular
story
men
However
an admirer paid a visit, she might take a secret look at him from a screen.Her father would discuss poems with the young man and ask him to __7__ one.__8__ the daughter and her father were satisfied with the young man's poem and his looks, she might agree to take him as her husband.
Today the pingfeng is back to our life for its __9__ and its use as furniture.Acting __10__ a moving wall or divider, it can be the perfect match (相配) for modern sofas and walls.It adds style to them.
The pingfeng is more than beautiful furniture.(2023重庆A卷改编)
create
If
beauty
as
1. ________________ 2. ________________
3. ________________ 4. ________________
5. ________________ 6. ________________
7. ________________ 8. ________________
9. ________________ 10. ________________
stop
it
popular
story
men
However
create
If
beauty
as
模拟题(四) 主题：瘫痪画家张俊莉的励志故事 难度：★★ 建议用时：7 mins 请从方框内选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使文章完整连贯。注意每空一词，每词仅用一次，有两词为多余项。
they move change painter helpless cry up never improve serious sell though
Zhang Junli, an amazing woman, is from Taiyuan, Shanxi Province.She has overcome life's greatest difficulties to become one of the most famous __1__ in China.She has been paralyzed (瘫痪的) for over 30 years.When she was six, Zhang had a __2__ illness.At eight，she could not move 90% of her body.She can only __3__ her shoulders and neck a little now.
However, being paralyzed __4__ prevented her from trying to follow her dreams.Zhang took up drawing at a
painters
serious
move
never
young age and started learning painting in 2015.__5__ it is hard for her to pick a paintbrush, her love for painting is always pushing her to challenge herself.
“Painting has __6__ me.The first time I picked up a brush, I felt that I liked to draw,” says Zhang.“The world is so beautiful.Even if I am in poor health, I don't want to give __7__ the chance to live.” Now Zhang has created thousands of pencil sketches (素描).She also has an online shop called Zhang Junli's Paintings，where she __8__ her works.
Though
changed
up
sells
Zhang wants to use her works to encourage those who are like her，and to tell __9__ never to give up.“Instead of __10__ and worrying all day, find your meaning in life.Live in the present,” says Zhang，a true inspiration.
1. ________________ 2. ________________
3. ________________ 4. ________________
5. ________________ 6. ________________
7. ________________ 8. ________________
9. ________________ 10. ________________
them
crying
painters
serious
move
never
Though
changed
up
sells
them
crying
模拟题(五) 主题：淄博烧烤 难度：★★★ 建议用时：8 mins
请从方框内选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使文章完整连贯。注意每空一词，每词仅用一次，有两词为多余项。
they thousand pay especially difference for choose visitor offer popular between and
If you visit Zibo, trying the barbecue is a must-do experience.Zibo is a city in Shandong Province.It's famous __1__ its delicious and unique (独特的) barbecued food.Zibo barbecue is a kind of Chinese street food which is __2__ among local people and visitors.
Why has Zibo barbecue become so popular Last year, during the COVID-19 pandemic (疫情), __3__ of college students were stuck (困) in Zibo.The local government helped students to get through the hard
for
popular
thousands
time and __4__ them a great barbecue dinner when the pandemic was over.The government officers also invited the students to come back to Zibo again when spring came.It is a promise __5__ the government and the college students.
There are some __6__ between Zibo barbecue and the ones in other cities.Zibo barbecue restaurants have a small grill (烤架) on each table.People need to cook on the grill by __7__.When the food is ready, they put it onto a
offered
between
differences
themselves
small pancake, __8__ then add scallions (葱) and sauce before eating.
Zibo barbecue is not just delicious, but also cheap.A skewer of lamb or chicken wings costs only a few yuan.It is a popular __9__ among students and workers.You can find Zibo barbecue restaurants on almost every street corner in the city, __10__ in the evening.People gather to enjoy a tasty meal after a long day.
Besides the taste, Zibo barbecue also has a cultural meaning.It is a symbol of Chinese street food and the city's unique food culture.
and
choice
especially
1. ________________ 2. ________________
3. ________________ 4. ________________
5. ________________ 6. ________________
7. ________________ 8. ________________
9. ________________ 10. ________________
for
popular
thousands
offered
between
differences
themselves
and
choice
especially
模拟题(六) 主题：城市阳台 难度：★★ 建议用时：8 mins
请从方框内选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使文章完整连贯。注意每空一词，每词仅用一次，有两词为多余项。
after way hobby interest habit spend nervous day provide although share she
Farming used to be a countryside thing.But now, farms are coming to the balconies (阳台) of city apartments.
Zhang Chao，a middle school student from Chengdu，is one young “urban (城市的) farmer”.He was __1__ in planting when he was in primary school.He lived with his grandpa in the countryside then.He learned to grow vegetables from his grandpa who has been a farmer for years.__2__ farming takes hard work，Zhang felt proud
interested
Although
when he saw seeds (种子) turn into plants.Now Zhang still keeps up his __3__ with a balcony garden.“Growing fruits and vegetables not only brings delicious food，but it also reminds me of the happy __4__ with my grandpa,” said Zhang.He also __5__ the vegetables with his neighbors and friends.
Another student，Fang Minke from Shenzhen，thinks planting is a good __6__ to relax and develop patience.With lots of schoolwork, the 16-year-old girl sometimes feels __7__.To help put some spark (火花) back
hobby
days
shares
way
nervous
in __8__ life, she started planting vegetables on her balcony in 2021.__9__ half a year, her balcony became a small garden, full of different flowers and vegetables.After she ___10___ long hours on homework，she likes to walk around her balcony garden.“Seeing the bright colors and breathing fresh air，I feel closer to nature and refreshed (神清气爽的),” Fang said.
Planting vegetables is now more than just a way to survive.It also brings joy to young people's lives.
her
After
spends
1. ________________ 2. ________________
3. ________________ 4. ________________
5. ________________ 6. ________________
7. ________________ 8. ________________
9. ________________ 10. ________________
interested
Although
hobby
days
shares
way
nervous
her
After
spends
模拟题 (七) 主题：无人驾驶汽车 难度：★★★ 建议用时：7 mins
请从方框内选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使文章完整连贯。注意每空一词，每词仅用一次，有两词为多余项。
cause and car of why do difficult decision they kill question quick
Could you imagine being in a car driven by a computer, not a human Recently，China has made a big step in self-driving technology.
__1__ do we develop self-driving cars Because self-driving cars can give us many benefits.They use computers to sense the things around them __2__ make better use of space.This means fewer traffic jams and less illegal (违法的) parking.For disabled people，self-driving cars can also help ___3___ go out more easily.
Why
and
them
According to a report，more than 1.35 million people are __4__ on roads around the world each year.Many more are hurt.Self-driving cars can reduce road accidents by 90 percent and save governments a lot of money.The main __5__ of car accidents is human mistakes.By using computers，self-driving cars don't make wrong __6__ or lose focus like humans do.
However，self-driving cars aren't perfect.If something unexpected happens on the road，self-driving
killed
cause
decisions
cars can't react (反应) as __7__ as a human driver can.Also, during the bad weather like heavy snow，self-driving cars would have __8__ in seeing clearly on the road.It might lead to an accident.The __9__ computer could also get hacked (非法入侵) by someone，causing accidents.
There is a lot __10__ work to do to make self-driving cars common and safe on our roads.And China is trying hard to make this happen.
quickly
difficulty
car's
of
1. ________________ 2. ________________
3. ________________ 4. ________________
5. ________________ 6. ________________
7. ________________ 8. ________________
9. ________________ 10. ________________
Why
and
them
killed
cause
decisions
quickly
difficulty
car's
of
模拟题 (八) 主题：假期研学 难度：★★ 建议用时：7 mins
请从方框内选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使文章完整连贯。注意每空一词，每词仅用一次，有两词为多余项。
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Summer vacation is coming.Middle school students will welcome their two-month break.Many parents have already started __1__ for the vacation, and immersive experiential (沉浸式体验的) learning trips have become popular.
“A good learning trip can enrich (丰富) students' knowledge and __2__ their abilities,” said Hu Linhui, who organizes learning trips in Beijing.
The group organizes learning trips abroad to Singapore and the UK.It also holds Model United Nations
planning
improve
(MUN) activities in some Chinese cities.MUN's simulated (模拟的) meetings follow United Nations.Students can __3__ the international hot topics.“This activity helped me find my dream—to work in the United Nations,” said Wen Peiyao, a student who took part __4__ MUN.
__5__, there are still some learning trips planned in a very casual (随意的) way.Students may feel so __6__ that they just play on their smartphones.And the price of some trips is too __7__.Students end up spending money and
discuss
in
However
bored
high
time __8__ learning anything useful.It is necessary to make more __9__ for the learning trip industry in the future.
Overall, whatever ways learning trips are taken, __10__ should always return to the nature of education.“The goal is to improve the ability of students with colorful activities,” Hu added.
without
rules
they
1. ________________ 2. ________________
3. ________________ 4. ________________
5. ________________ 6. ________________
7. ________________ 8. ________________
9. ________________ 10. ________________
planning
improve
discuss
in
However
bored
high
without
rules
they
模拟题 (九) 主题：女孩与流浪小猫 难度：★★ 建议用时：7 mins
请从方框内选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使文章完整连贯。注意每空一词，每词仅用一次，有两词为多余项。
long when catch even teacher so around a schoolbag short think take
Donna is a primary school student who loves playing with little animals.One day, on her way to school, she saw a homeless cat sitting in a box.　__1__　 the cat saw Donna, it jumped out of the box and began to miaow.The cat was 　__2__　 cute that Donna couldn't help but start playing with it.
The 　__3__　 Donna played with the cat, the more she liked it.The cat seemed to love Donna too and followed her along the way.Donna looked at the cute cat,
When
so
longer
thought for 　__4__　 while and decided to take the cat to school with her.She put the cat in her 　__5__　 and headed for school.
After Donna arrived at school, she quietly walked into the classroom.She opened her bag to 　___6___　 out her textbooks.However, the cat jumped out of the schoolbag and started running 　__7__　 the classroom.It climbed into a desk, hid under a chair, and 　__8__　 jumped onto the teacher's desk.
a
schoolbag
take
around
even
Just at that moment, the teacher stepped into the classroom.She 　__9__　 the cat gently and told Donna that animals were not allowed to take to school.She advised Donna to take it home or to the animal center if possible.Donna smiled sweetly and followed her 　__10__　 words.
What a nice day!
caught
teacher's
1. ________________ 2. ________________
3. ________________ 4. ________________
5. ________________ 6. ________________
7. ________________ 8. ________________
9. ________________ 10. ________________
When
so
longer
a
schoolbag
take
around
even
caught
teacher's
模拟题（十） 主题：张良拾履 难度：★★ 建议用时：7 mins
请从方框内选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使文章完整连贯。注意每空一词，每词仅用一次，有两词为多余项。
mistake spend but careful shoe achieve how angry it habit book with
One day, a young boy named Zhang Liang was walking along a bridge.He saw an old man sitting there.One of the old man's __1__ was left under the bridge.
“Go over there and get my shoe, young boy!” the old man ordered.Zhang Liang felt surprised, but he still picked __2__ up for the old man.The old man said, “Five days later, please come to meet me at the bridge early in the morning.”
shoes
it
Five days later, Zhang Liang went there as promised.__3__ the old man came there before him.The old man got angry about his lazy __4__.
Zhang Liang was asked to come again.The next day, Zhang Liang arrived earlier than before.However, the old man was still before him.The old man became much __5__ and asked him to get there again the next morning.
This time, Zhang Liang arrived at the bridge late at night.He __6__ the whole night there.When the old man
But
habit
angrier
spent
came the next early morning, he found Zhang Liang there earlier than him.__7__ happy he was!
The old man nodded __8__ a smile and gave Zhang Liang a valuable book.Zhang Liang read the book __9__ day and night and learned many skills from it.Many years later, he became a wise general (将军) and made great __10__.His strong will and always caring for the weak influenced people around him.(2023江苏连云港改编)
How
with
carefully
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1. ________________ 2. ________________
3. ________________ 4. ________________
5. ________________ 6. ________________
7. ________________ 8. ________________
9. ________________ 10. ________________
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