(共114张PPT)
必修第二册
主题语境:人与社会——科学与技术
英 语
内容索引
通词句 基础自测
提能力 增分课堂
研真题 链接高考
微专题 精准突破
测效果 课堂评价
通词句 基础自测
[教材单词]
必背写作词汇
1. vt.使可能,使发生
2. n.效应;影响
3. n.影响;作用
4. vt.下载
5. n.建议,提议;推荐
6. n.多样化,变化
7. adv.显而易见地,明显地
8. vi.& vt.做实验,进行试验 n.实验
enable
effect
impact
download
recommendation
variety
obviously
experiment
9. adv.现今,现时
10. vi.& vt.打;打字 n.类型,种类
11. vt.欺骗;欺诈
12. vt.看,把……视为
13. adj.效能高的;强有力的;强壮的
14. adj.最新的;最近的
15. n.现实;真实
16. n.账户
nowadays
type
cheat
view
powerful
latest
reality
account
17. n.计算机软件
18. n.设置,装置
19. n.材料;素材
20. n.商品
21. vt.确认;证实
22. n.错误;失误
23. vi.专注,专心;集中注意力
24. n.内容
software
device
material
goods
confirm
error
concentrate
content
25. n.意见;看法;主张
26. vi.给予某物关注 n.焦点
27. n.智能手机
28. adj.简洁的,简明的
29. n.位置;地点
30. adj.可选择的;非强制的
31. n.作者,作家
32. adj.了不起的;惊人的
33. n.隐私
34. n.政策,方针
35. adj.易懂的;易得到的
opinion
focus
smartphone
brief
location
optional
author
amazing
privacy
policy
accessible
识记阅读词汇
1.app n.
2.self-focused adj.
3.indeed adv.
4.super adj.
5.alarm n.
6.image n.
7.fancy adj.
8.trick vt.
应用程序
以自我为中心的;关注自我的
确实;当然
极好的,了不起的
闹钟
图像;形象
花哨的;别致的
欺骗,诱骗,哄骗
9.identity n.
10.2D (2-dimensional) adj.
11.sex n.
12.sensible adj.
13.blog n.
vt.
14.hairstyle n.
15.selection n.
16.virtual adj.
身份;特征
二维的
性别
朴素实用的;明智的,合理的
博客;网络日志
发表博客
发型,发式
供选择的同类物品;选择
虚拟的;模拟的
17.accommodation n.
18.subscribe vi.
19.ensure vt.
20.press vt.
21.button n.
22.gender n.
23.favour n.
24.replace vt.
住处
订阅,订购
确保,保证
按
按钮
性别
恩惠;善意的行为
取代;接替
25.hug n.& vt.
26.shallow adj.
27.basis adj.
28.percent n.
29.maintain vt.
30.tablet n.
31.limiting adj.
32.authority n.
拥抱;紧抱
肤浅的,浅薄的
基础;基点
百分比;百分数
保持;维持
平板电脑;药片;碑,牌
局限的,限制性的
权威人士;专家
33.profile n.
34.fantasy n.
35.series n.
36.digitise vt.
37.sailor n.
38.wristband n.
人物简介;传略
幻想作品
系列
把……转变成数字形式,使……数字化
水手,海员
腕带
构织连脉词汇
1. adj.方便的→ adv.方便地→ n.方便,便利
2. vt.沉溺;使……上瘾 n.上瘾的人→ adj.对……着迷的;沉迷的
3. vt.探究;探讨;探险→ n.探险者→ n.探险
4. n.人→ adj.个人的→ adv.就个人而言,亲自地→ n.个性,性格
5. vi.& vt.承认→ n.加入许可;承认
convenient
conveniently
convenience
addict
addicted
explore
explorer
exploration
person
personal
personally
personality
admit
admission
6. adj.有创造力的,创造性的→ adv.有创造力地,创造性地→ n.创造力;独创性→ vt.创造→
n.创造,创造力
7. n.担忧,忧虑 vt.与……有关;使担心→ adj.关切的,关心的→ prep.关于
8. vi.& vt.递送;传送→ n.递送,传送
creative
creatively
creativity
create
creation
concern
concerned
concerning
deliver
delivery
9. vt.& n.伤害,损害→ adj.有害的→
adv.有害地→ adj.无害的
10. vi.争吵,争辩,争论→ n.争吵,争辩,论点;证据
11. adj.想象的,虚构的→ v.想象→ n.想象→ adj.富于想象的
harm
harmful
harmfully
harmless
argue
argument
imaginary
imagine
imagination
imaginative
[常用短语]
1. 沉迷
2. 关心……
3. 关注
4. 和……分享……
5. 和……保持联系
6. 期盼,期待
7. 四处走动
8. 对……造成伤害
9. 支持
10. 发表演讲
11. 关心
be addicted to
be concerned with
focus on
share...with...
stay in touch with
look forward to
move around
do harm to
be in favour of
deliver a speech
care for
12.a variety of
13.in addition
14.play tricks on
15.be on the move
16.give a brief response to
17.account for
pared with
19.point out
20.on the basis of
各种各样的
除此之外
捉弄
在移动,在行进
对……作出简短回复
占(比例);是……的原因
和……比较
指出
在……基础上
[重点句型]
1.Once I play games for more than an hour,a bell rings to remind me that my time is up.
【尝试翻译】
【考点凝练】once引导条件状语从句
2.There must have been an error.
【尝试翻译】
【考点凝练】must have been表示推测
一旦我玩游戏超过一个小时,铃就会响起,提醒我时间已到。
一定出了什么错。
3.While the Internet can bring people closer together,it can also harm friendships.
【尝试翻译】
【考点凝练】while引导让步状语从句
4.You can stay in touch with friends no matter where you are or what you are doing.
【尝试翻译】
【考点凝练】no matter where引导让步状语从句
虽然互联网可以让人们更亲近,但它也会损害友谊。
无论你在哪里或在做什么,你都可以和朋友保持联系。
[◎单元词句小测]
Ⅰ.单词小测
1.Sam,as a boy,likes things that show his high talent.One of his for which he got a patent will soon be put into use in a large company.Sam promises that he will make as many things
as he can.(create)
2.Children are often very .What they is often beyond .Look at this picture.It is and drawn by a four-year-old boy.(imaginary)
creative
creating
creations
creatively
imaginative
imagine
imagination
imaginary
3. ,the twenty in my team have unique characteristics each,and they have their experiences which play an important role in the formation of their .(person)
4.We humans often do to the wildlife,which they think are always
to us.In fact,the wild animals and plants are so important to us that we must protect them.While some wild animals may treat us
,they seldom attack us.Besides,most wildlife is to us.(harm)
Personally
persons
personal
personalities
harm
harmful
harmfully
harmless
5.As is known to all,Chinese high-speed railways provide people with great
to travel from one place to another.Even in many villages it’s very for people to take a train.Travelling
without doubt improves the development of economy.
(convenience)
convenience
convenient
conveniently
Ⅱ.短语小测
Michael is my e-pal who is from Britain.We 1. (和
……保持联系) each other since about five years ago.I often 2. (和
……分享) him about many things,and so does he.As with 3.
(各种各样的) matters,we 4.
(支持) the same opinion.5.
(除此之外),6. (关心) me,Michael 7. (一直期盼) seeing me.8.
(和……相比) those who live around me,I’m more willing to tell Michael what my thought is.Although web chats provide us with
have stayed in touch with
share with
share with
are in favour of
In addition
caring for
has been looking forward to
Compared with
great convenience,as a student,I should 9. (关注) my study instead of 10. (沉迷于) the Internet.Therefore,I’ll keep the relationship with Michael but reduce the time which I spend communicating with him.
focus on
being addicted to
Ⅲ.句型小测——高考情境仿写
1.你一旦理解了这条规则,就不会有困难了。
2.从他的表情来判断,那个人醒来的时候一定很惊讶。
3.尽管我承认有问题存在,但我不同意说这些问题不能解决。
4.无论人们身在何处、走了多远,在春节期间,他们都会回家。
Once you understand this rule,you’ll have no difficulty.
Judging by his expression,that person must have been very surprised when he woke up.
While I admit that there are problems,I don’t agree that they cannot be solved.
No matter where people go and no matter how far they go,they will go back home during the Spring Festival.
提能力 增分课堂
核心词汇突破
1.recommendation n.建议,提议;推荐
【练会】单句填空
①(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)If I had to make just one (
recommend) for where to stay in Rome,it would be Yellow Hostel.
②(2019·北京卷) He recommended that she (do) some research and talk to dentists about what a healthier candy would contain.
③(2019·全国Ⅲ卷) Our hosts shared many of their experiences and
(recommend) wonderful places to eat,shop,and visit.
recommendation
do
recommended
【写美】完成句子·背诵
④我建议沿长江旅行,因为你可以了解很多关于中国和中国人民的历史。
I along the Yangtze River because you can learn a lot about the history of China and Chinese people.(应用文之建议信)
recommend travelling
【归纳】recommend vt.推荐,介绍;建议,劝告
recommend sth to sb向某人推荐/介绍某物
recommend sth for推荐某物做某种用途
recommend doing sth建议做某事
recommend that...(should) do...建议……
recommend sb for/as sth推荐某人为……
recommend sb to do sth劝某人做某事
【佳句】Dad recommended that I should turn to my maths teacher at school if necessary.(写作话题之学校生活)
爸爸建议在学校如有必要我应向数学老师求助。
2.explore vt.探究;探讨;探险;考察
【练会】单句填空
①(2021·全国甲卷)...as soon as the weather warms up,I have no doubt that the little one will be out and about (explore) and playing every day.
②(2019·北京卷)Want (explore) new cultures,meet new people and do something worthwhile at the same time
③(全国Ⅰ卷)Join a small group bike tour for an evening of
(explore) in the heart of Washington,D.C.
exploring
to explore
exploration
【写美】完成句子·背诵
④中国发射神舟十二号载人宇宙飞船去探索太空。
China launched Shenzhou Ⅻ manned spaceship .(写作话题之航天技术)
to explore space
【归纳】(1)explore the Arctic regions到北极地区探险
explore the possibility of...探究……的可能性
explore for oil/gold勘探石油/黄金
(2)exploration n.勘探;探测;探索;探究
explorer勘探者;探测者;探险者;探究者
【佳句】As soon as the students arrived at the camp they went to explore the surroundings.(写作话题之课外活动)
学生们一到达营地就去考察周围环境。
3.admit vi.& vt.允许进入……;允许参加……;接纳;招认,承认
【练会】单句填空
①It’s often challenging for us to admit (make) a mistake.
②It’s said that (admit) to British universities only depends on examination results.
③It’s generally admitted China has been becoming stronger and stronger.
making
admission
that
【写美】一句多译·背诵
比尔承认对他爸爸说了谎,这让他的爸爸很失望。
④ ,which made his father very disappointed.(admit that)
⑤ ,which made his father very disappointed.(admit having done)
Bill admitted that he had lied to his father
Bill admitted having lied to his father
【归纳】(1)admit sb to/into...=be admitted into...允许某人进入……
admit doing/having done sth承认做(过)某事
admit that...承认……
it’s generally admitted that...一致认为……
(2)admission n.入场券;承认
【佳句】I’m not good at Chinese,but I have to admit that it’s very important in my future career.(写作话题之语言学习)
我不擅长汉语,但我得承认汉语在我未来的职业中很重要。
4.concern n.担心,忧虑 vt.使忧虑,与……有关;使担心
【练会】单句填空
①(2020·全国Ⅰ卷) As far as victories are (concern),England had its big moment in 1966 in Wembley Stadium.
②(2020·全国Ⅱ卷) Scientists in Louisiana were so (concern) that they decided to pay hunters $5 a tail.
③(全国Ⅱ卷)It does point out that many parents still limit electronic reading,mainly due to (concern) about increased screen time.
concerned
concerned
concerns
【写美】完成句子·背诵
④从你的来信中,我知道你担心中国的餐桌礼仪。
From your letter,I’ve known that Chinese table manners.(写作话题之中华传统文化)
you are concerned about/for
【归纳】(1)concern oneself with/in/about sth 忙于某事,关心某事
be concerned with sth 与某事有关,涉及某事
be concerned in sth 与某事有牵连,对某事负有责任
be concerned about/for sth/that...担心……
as far as...is concerned 就……而言
(2)concerned adj.担心的,烦恼的,忧虑的
concerning prep.关于
【佳句】As far as I’m concerned,Chinese calligraphy has left a far-reaching influence on Chinese people and people all over the world.(写作话题之中华传统文化)
就我而言,中国书法对中国人民及全世界人民都产生了深远的影响。
5.view n.视力,视野;风景,景色;看法,想法,观点 vt.看,把……视为
【练会】单句填空
①(2021·全国乙卷) These days,safety regulations—not to mention the modern sports fan’s desire for good view and a comfortable seat—tend to keep stadium capacities(容量) slightly lower.
②(浙江卷)Viewing childhood development a scientific investigation throws light on how children learn.
③ his modernist view,beauty lies in simplicity and elegance.
a
as
In
【写美】完成句子·背诵
④三小时的音乐节将于上午九点开始,你最好早点来,找个好座位,以便你能欣赏到更好的风景。
The three-hour music festival will begin at 9:00 am and you’d better come earlier for a good seat .
(写作话题之音乐艺术)
so that you can enjoy a better view
【归纳】come into view看得见,出现
in view在视野中;在考虑中
view on/about...有关……的意见(看法)
hold different views持不同的观点
in one’s view在某人看来
in view of鉴于,由于
from the point of view of从……的观点/角度来看
【辨析】(1)view指从远处、高处看到的景象,常用以指从某处能看到的风景。
(2)scenery指某地方总的自然景观。
(3)scene指展现在眼前的景象,强调具体的、局部的或一时的景色,可以是自然形成的,也可以是人工造成的,是scenery的一部分;另外可指现场。
(4)sight指值得看的东西,某地特有的名胜古迹、景点等。
【佳句】In my view,through the activity of picking peaches,not only would I be able to experience fruit picking,but I could also feast on the sweetness!(写作话题之课外活动)
在我看来,通过采摘桃子的活动,我不仅可以体验采摘水果,而且还可以品尝甜味!
6.subscribe vi.同意;支持;捐赠;订阅,订购 vt.签署(文件);捐助
【练会】单句填空
①People across the nation subscribed a large amount of money the flooded areas.
②Write a letter to us at once and the free album will be offered to every new
(subscribe).
③We have never subscribed the view that school days are the happiest days of your life.
to
subscriber
to
【写美】句式升级·背诵
④She doesn’t agree with his pessimistic view of the state of economy.On the contrary,she thinks it is just on the rise.
→She doesn’t his pessimistic view of the state of economy.On the contrary,she thinks it is just on the rise.(同义句改写)
subscribe to
【归纳】(1)subscribe to 订阅……;预订……;同意……
subscribe...to...在……上签署……;向……捐……
(2)subscriber n.(杂志等)订购者,订阅者;消费者,用户;捐者
【佳句】My main reason for subscribing to New Scientist is to keep pace of advances in science.
我订阅《新科学家》杂志的主要原因是想跟上科学发展的步伐。
7.favour n.恩惠;善意的行为;偏爱;赞同 vt.赞成;喜爱;有助于
【练会】单句填空
①(2019·江苏卷) (favour) policies are in effect to encourage employees’ professional development.
②Could you do me favour and tell Kelly that I can’t accompany her on violin
③The majority of the people at the meeting were favour of the reform in the law.
Favourable
a
in
【写美】一句多译·背诵
大多数人都支持我去参观长城的提议。
④ that we’ll visit the Great Wall.(favour n.)
⑤ that we should visit the Great Wall.(for)
⑥ that we should visit the Great Wall.(agree)
⑦ that we should visit the Great Wall.(support n.)
Most people are in favour of my proposal
Most people are for my proposal
Most people are for my proposal
Most people are in support of my proposal
【归纳】(1)in favour of支持,赞同
in one’s favour有利于某人
do sb a favour=do a favour for sb帮某人的忙
ask a favour of sb请某人帮个忙
owe sb a favour欠某人一个人情
(2)favourable adj.赞成的;有利的;讨人喜欢的
【点津】表示“支持某人”的结构还有:be for sb,agree with sb,support sb,be in support of sb等。
【佳句】Opportunities and success tend to be in favour of those who are ready.(应用文之演讲稿)
机遇和挑战往往青睐那些有准备的人。
8.confirm vt.确认;证实
【练会】单句填空
①It has been confirmed the lost baby has been found.
②The survey collects large quantities of (confirm) data,proving the influence the behaviour has on a teenager’s growth.
③Many people have claimed to have seen the alien which is not
(confirm).
that
confirmed
confirmable
【写美】完成句子·背诵
④交作业前,我们数学老师总是提醒我们确认所有答案都是正确的。
Before handing in our work,our maths teacher always reminds us
all the answers are correct.
to confirm that
【归纳】(1)confirm that...确认……
it is/has been confirmed that...已经确定……
confirm sb in one’s belief that...使某人更加坚定……
(2)confirmation n.证实,确认书
confirmable adj.可证实的
confirmed adj.习惯的,根深蒂固的,得到确认的
【佳句】The expression on his face confirmed me in my belief that he must have had an excellent performance in the final.
他脸上的表情让我更加坚信他在决赛中一定表现十分出色。
9.deliver vi.& vt.递送;传送 vt.宣布,发表;投递,交付;接生 vi.履行诺言
【练会】单句填空
①(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)The son of a grocer,he’d spent the summers of his childhood (deliver) food in Benardsville,New Jersey.
②(2020·天津卷)Via such networks,libraries share their books with each other through the use of (deliver) vehicles.
③(全国Ⅲ卷) Once his message (deliver),he allowed me to stay and watch.
delivering
delivery
was delivered
【写美】完成句子·背诵
④我很荣幸能有这样一次机会给你们发表演讲。
I am very honoured to be given such a chance
you.(应用文之演讲稿)
to deliver a speech to
【归纳】(1)deliver sth to sb把某物交付给某人
deliver a message带信,传话
deliver a speech发表演讲
deliver a baby助产,接生
(2)delivery n.传递,递送,运送;生产,分娩;讲话方式,风度
on delivery送达时,货到时
【佳句】In order to deliver a clear presentation,I explained the traditional procedure of making tea in detail.(写作话题之传统文化)
为了发表清晰的展示,我详细解释了传统的制茶步骤。
10.harm vt.& n.伤害,损害
【练会】单句填空
①(2019·全国Ⅰ卷)While the sun’s rays can age and (harm) our skin,they also give us beneficial Vitamin D.
②(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support,the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than (harm).
harm
harmful
【写美】一句多译·背诵
众所周知,吃太多的垃圾食品对我们的健康有害。(写作话题之网络科技)
③What is known to us is that eating too much junk food
our health.(harmful)
④What is known to us is that eating too much junk food
our health.(harm n.)
is harmful to
does harm to
【归纳】(1)do harm to对……有害
do no/great/much/a lot of harm to对……无害/有很大害处
mean no harm无恶意
do more good than harm利大于弊
do more harm than good弊大于利
there is no harm in (one’s) doing sth (某人)做某事无妨/无害
(2)harmful adj.有害的
harmless adj.无害的
be harmful to=do harm to对……有害
【佳句】If you want to consult the expert,there is no harm in emailing him.(应用文之建议信)
如果你想咨询那位专家,你不妨给他发邮件。
11.concentrate vi.& vt.专注,专心;集中注意力;使……集中(或集合、聚集)
【练会】单句填空
①In this class,students concentrate learning to develop films.
②Sally found it hard to keep her (concentrate) with so much noise going on.
on/upon
concentration
【写美】完成句子·背诵
③在过去的两个月,我们一直专注练习打排球,希望赢得冠军。
During the last two months we playing volleyball,hoping to win the champion.
have been concentrating on practicing
【归纳】(1)concentrate on/upon集中于……
concentrate one’s attention on/upon...把某人的注意力集中在……
(2)concentrated adj.集中的;浓缩的;全神贯注的
concentration n.专心;集中(注意力)
【佳句】Don’t get yourself too tired because when you are tired,you’ll find it hard to concentrate on your study.(应用文之建议信)
别让自己太过疲劳,因为当你疲劳时,你会发现你难以将注意力集中在学习上。
12.content n.内容;容纳的东西;目录;满足,满意 vt.使满足 adj.满足的,满意的(不用作定语)
【练会】单句填空
①(2020·天津卷)Fortunately,curiosity and (content) don’t have to be learned.We are born with them and need only recapture them.
②Jack is content his present salary,so he won’t change his job.
【写美】完成句子·背诵
③听说周末要去农场采摘,我们大家都十分满意。(写作话题之社会实践)
Hearing we are going to the farm to do some pickings, .
discontent
with
we are all very content
【归纳】(1)be content to do sth愿意做某事
content oneself/sb with使自己/某人对……满足
be content with sth对……满足/满意
(2)contentment n.满意,知足
contented adj.满意的(作定语或表语)
discontent n.不满足,不满意
【佳句】Poor as the old couple are,they are content to live in the peaceful mountains.(写作话题之生活方式)
尽管贫穷,那对老夫妇仍愿意生活在宁静的山里。
13.in addition 另外,除此之外
【练会】完成句子
①此外,赞美的质量比数量更重要,这是你应该牢记的。
(2019·浙江卷) ,the quality of your praise is more significant than the quantity,which you should bear in mind.
②除此名单上的名字之外,还有其他六个申请人。
the names on the list,there are six other applicants.
In addition
In addition to
【写美】句式升级·背诵
③Additionally,Mr Wu always treats us kindly and he is always helpful.(写作话题之人物介绍)
→ ,Mr Wu always treats us kindly and he is always helpful.(同义句转换)
In addition
【归纳】(1)in addition to...除了……
(2)additional adj.另外的,附加的
additionally adv.另外,同时;附加地
【佳句】In addition,considering you are busy on weekdays,would it be convenient for you if we meet on Saturday afternoon in the lecture hall (应用文之邀请信)
另外,考虑到你工作日很忙,我们周六下午在报告厅见面是否方便
14.focus on 关注;集中(光束)于,聚集于
【练会】单句填空
①(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Too often,when you stand up to give a speech,you focus the “public” at the expense of the “speaking”.
②(天津卷)There’s a new frontier in 3D printing that’s beginning to come
focus:food.
③(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Emotional intelligence,with its focus
both head and heart,may serve to point us in the right direction.
on/upon
into
on
【写美】句式升级·背诵
④Susan focused her energy on her research,so she spared no time to gather with her friends.
→ ,Susan spared no time to gather with her friends.(用with复合结构改写)
With her energy focused on her research
【归纳】focus on/upon sth/sb集中注意力于某物/某人
focus one’s attention/eyes on注意力/眼神集中于
come into focus轮廓明显,清晰;(问题)突出
bring...into focus使集中在焦点上;使清楚起来/明朗化
【佳句】Don’t bother about those trifles.You should focus on your study.(写作话题之学校生活)
不要为那些琐事费心。你应该专注于你的学习。
重点句型透视
1.once引导条件状语从句
【教材原句】Once I play games for more than an hour,a bell rings to remind me that my time is up.(P99) 一旦我玩游戏超过一个小时,铃就会响起,提醒我时间已到。
【练会】完成句子
①一旦你开始了解她,你就会喜欢上她。
You’ll like her .
②一旦登上塔顶,你就可以饱览整个城镇的景色。
to the top of the tower,you will have a good view of the whole town.
once you begin to know her
Once making it
【写美】句式升级·背诵
③Once nature is destroyed,it will punish us humans the most strictly.(写作话题之环境保护)
→ ,nature will punish us humans the most strictly.(用省略句改写)
Once destroyed
【归纳】(1)once在此处表示“一旦”,用以引导条件状语从句。
(2)once引导的条件状语从句和if引导的条件状语从句一样,如果主句用一般将来时态,从句应用一般现在时态代替将来时态。
(3)在once引导的条件状语从句中,如果从句主语和主句主语一致,且从句谓语动词含有be动词,则可将从句主语和be动词省去。
【佳句】Once you have a good understanding of the general rules,you will feel it easy to solve the problem.(写作话题之校园生活)
一旦你很好地理解了一般规则,你将感到解决这个问题很容易。
2.must have been表示推测
【教材原句】There must have been an error.(P101)一定出了什么错。
【练会】完成句子
①你一定已听说了即将在我们学校举行的音乐节。
You the upcoming Music Festival to be held in our school.
②他们如果再多开几公里,也许就找到一家更好的宾馆了。
They if they had driven a few more kilometres.
must have heard of
might have found a better hotel
【写美】完成句子·背诵
③我们本来可以一起面对困难,但是你为什么不告诉我呢
,but why didn’t you tell me
We could have faced the difficulty together
【归纳】(1)must have done表示对过去情况的肯定推测,意为“一定已经……”。
(2)might have done和could have done也表示对过去情况的假定推测,意为“也许/可能已经……”。
(3)表示对现在和将来的推测应用“can/may/might/could/must do”结构。
【佳句】Judging from his appearance,their team must have won the champion.
从他的表情判断,他们队一定赢得了冠军。
3.while引导让步状语从句
【教材原句】While the Internet can bring people closer together,it can also harm friendships.(P15)虽然互联网可以让人们更亲近,但它也会损害友谊。
【练会】完成句子
①虽然他没有赢得冠军,但他的精神赢得了对手和所有观众的尊敬和钦佩。
the champion,his spirits won his opponent and all the audience’s respect and admiration.
②在田地里干活的时候,农民们发现了一些漂亮的动物,包括一些野兔。
,the farmers found some nice animals,including some hares.
③英语世界通行,但土耳其语离开本国就很少有人说了。
English is understood all over the world Turkish is spoken by only a few people outside Turkey itself.
While he failed to win
While working in the field
while
【写美】句式升级·背诵
④While the students were picking apples with the farmers,they developed good relationship between them.(写作话题之社会实践活动)
→ ,they developed good relationship between them.(用状语从句省略结构改写)
While picking apples with the farmers
【归纳】(1)while在句中表示“虽然,尽管”,引导让步状语从句,可用though,although代替。while引导让步状语从句时,从句一般应放在主句前,而不放在主句后。
(2)while用以引导时间状语从句,表示“当……的时候”,此时while从句可以省去和主句主语一致的主语及be动词。
(3)while也可用作并列连词,连接并列句,表示两个分句所表达意义的对比,可译作“而”。
【佳句】While he got hurt in the last match,the sports star insisted on competing in the next game.
虽然这位体育明星在上一场比赛中受伤了,但他坚持参加下一场比赛。
4.no matter where引导让步状语从句
【教材原句】You can stay in touch with friends no matter where you are or what you are doing.(P16) 无论你在哪里或在做什么,你都可以和朋友保持联系。
【练会】单句填空
①Each person,no matter they are,has psychological imbalances.
②(2020·天津卷)For years I wanted to do everything my elder brother Tyson did,but no matter hard I tried,I was always the neglected (被忽略的) one.
③(2019·北京卷)No matter you like to do,there is a way to get involved in various activities on Earth Day.
who
how
what
【写美】完成句子·背诵
④无论多么忙碌,你每天都应该抽出一些时间进行锻炼。
,you should spare some time to work out every day.
No matter how busy you are
【归纳】(1)此处no matter where引导让步状语从句,表示“无论在哪里”。
(2)类似地,no matter how/what/when/which/how many times等也都可以引导让步状语从句。
(3)no matter where/when/how/what/which等引导让步状语从句时可分别用wherever/whenever/however/whatever/whichever等代替。
【佳句】In China,wherever you do the shopping,you can pay with WeChat.(写作话题之购物)
在中国,无论你在哪里购物,你都可以用微信支付。
研真题 链接高考
(2021·浙江卷,七选五)——科学与技术
You’ve got mail...and it’s a postcard
Paulo Magalhaes,a 34-year-old Portuguese computer engineer,loves to open his mailbox and find a brightly colored picture of Rome’s Colosseum.Or Africa’s Victoria Falls.Or China’s Great Wall. 31
“I often send postcards to family and friends,” he says to China Daily,“but you can imagine that after a while,you never receive as many as you send,and you realize that not everyone is into it. 32 ” Seeking other like-minded souls,however,Paulo started looking in a somewhat unlikely place:online.Many would say the Internet is a place for people who have given up on the traditional postal service,but Paulo’s hunch paid off.
Today his hobby has developed into the website ,a social network that has grown to 575,217 registered users in 214 countries and regions since he started it 10 years ago. 33 Running the website has almost turned into a full-time job.
Language is certainly a barrier for many people.For postcrossing to work worldwide,a common communication language is needed so that everyone can understand each other.As cool as it may be to receive a postcard written in Chinese,the concept doesn’t work if one doesn’t understand it. 34 So a common language is required and in postcrossing that’s English since it’s widely spoken.
“Many people in China have limited exposure to English. 35 That said,we know of many postcrossing members,including Chinese,who have actually improved their English skills through their use of postcrossing,” Paulo says.
理清脉络
真题再做
A.And that’s totally fine.
B.That makes it extra hard to learn and practice it.
C.He likes to think of sending postcards as a family-friendly hobby.
D.Many love to make a connection with someone from across the world.
E.On August 5,the number of postcards exchanged by members topped 31 million.
F.Similarly,if you speak only Chinese,receiving a card in Swedish takes part of the fun away.
G.In short,he loves postcards,and the excitement of getting a hand-written note from someone far away.
31.G
解析 空格处为本段结尾句,前面描述了保罗喜欢世界各地的明信片。设空处应为总结性话语,而G项中的“he loves postcards”顺承上文句意。故选G项。
32.A
解析 空格前提到保罗邮寄明信片的“不幸遭遇”,空格后提到“Seeking other like-minded souls,however,Paulo started looking in a somewhat unlikely place:online.”。这些说明保罗没有放弃自己的爱好,而是采取了网络方式。所以空格处应该承上启下,表示遇到的问题完全不成问题,故选A项。
33.E
解析 根据空格前的“a social network that has grown to 575,217 registered users in 214 countries and regions since he started it 10 years ago”可知,保罗创办的这家社交网站注册人数一直在增长,E项中的“On August 5,the number of postcards exchanged by members topped 31 million.(在8月5日,成员间互赠的明信片数量达到3 100万张)”说明网站的火爆。故选E项。
34.F
解析 根据空格前的“As cool as it may be to receive a postcard written in Chinese,the concept doesn’t work if one doesn’t understand it.”以及空后的“So”可知,此处指两者情况的比较,F项“Similarly,if you speak only Chinese,receiving a card in Swedish takes part of the fun away.(同样,如果你只会说中文,收到一张瑞典语卡片会让你失去一部分乐趣)”符合题意,故选F项。
35.B
解析 根据空格前的“Many people in China have limited exposure to English.”可知,很多中国人接触英语的机会有限,所以学习和练习这种语言会有难度。B项“That makes it extra hard to learn and practice it.(那使得学习和练习英语变得格外困难)”符合题意。故选B项。
语言能力
1.掌握构词知识
词根 派生 词性及
词义 例句
communication For postcrossing to work worldwide,a common communication language is needed so that everyone can understand each other.
exposure Many people in China have limited exposure to English.
communicate
n.交流
expose
n.接触
2.猜测生僻词词义
Many would say the Internet is a place for people who have given up on the traditional postal service,but Paulo’s hunch paid off.
3.牢记熟词生义
单词 词性及词义 例句
soul Seeking other like-minded souls,however,Paulo started looking in a somewhat unlikely place:online.
直觉
n.人
4.仿写经典句型
“I often send postcards to family and friends,” he says to China Daily,“but you can imagine that after a while,you never receive as many as you send,and you realize that not everyone is into it...”
仿写:并不是所有人都愿意做这样的工作,因为它对于有些人来说太难了。
,for it is quite hard for some of them.
Not all(people) are willing to do such work
5.破解复杂句式
Today his hobby has developed into the website ,a social network that has grown to 575,217 registered users in 214 countries and regions since he started it 10 years ago.
分析:句中that引导 从句,修饰先行词a social network;而since引导的是 从句。
译文:
定语
时间状语
如今,他的爱好已经发展成了网站,这是一个社交网站,自从10年前创办以来,已经在214个国家和地区拥有了575 217名注册用户。
微专题 精准突破
Ⅰ.熟词生义练(四)
1.explore(教材P99)
项目 意义 例句
熟义 v. The children have gone exploring in the jungle.
生义 v. Columbus discovered America but did not explore the new continent.
v. He explored the wound with his finger,trying to establish its extent.
探究;探讨;探险
考察;勘探;探测
探查
2.fancy(教材P8)
项目 意义 例句
熟义 adj. At the foot of the mountain,the couple built a fancy cottage where they lived a peaceful life.
生义 adj. Even today Sandy can still remember the special day when her mother bought her a fancy cake.
v. So you fancy yourself as the boss someday
花哨的;别致的
优质的
想象;喜爱;想要
3.press(教材P100)
项目 意义 例句
熟义 v. Lily pressed the switch and plunged the room into darkness.
生义 v. I don’t want to press you,but shouldn’t you be leaving
v. Look at your folded shirt.You need to press it with an iron.
n. The majority of the press support the government’s foreign policy.
按;压
一再劝说;敦促,催促
熨烫
报界;新闻界;记者们
4.accessible(教材P21)
项目 意义 例句
熟义 adj. This device helps make virtual reality a more usable and accessible technology.
生义 adj. The island is only accessible by boat.
adj. I think that you’ll find our headmaster is in fact very accessible.
易懂的;易得到的
可进入的;可到达的
易接近的,平易近人的
Ⅱ.读后续写 微技能(四):动作神态描写之“害怕”与“恐惧”
词汇积累
名词/动词 fear,fright,terror,scare,frighten
形容词 afraid,scared,scary,frightened,frightening,fearful,terrified,
terrifying
词块必记
1.scare sb. to death吓死某人
2.stand still站着不动
3.scare sb.out of one’s wits把某人吓得魂飞魄散
4.a flood of fear恐惧万分
5.be on pins and needles如坐针毡
佳句背诵
1.His heart beat wildly and his legs trembled.
他的心狂跳着,两腿颤抖着。
2.Scared and nervous,she was frozen to the spot.
她又害怕又紧张,吓呆了。
3.Fear/Tension flooded over him.
恐惧/紧张淹没了他。
4.Her face turned pale and stood there tongue-tied.
她脸色苍白,张口结舌地站在那里。
5.Her heart beat so violently that she felt nearly suffocated.
她的心跳得很厉害,以至于她感觉几乎窒息了。
6.She shook all over,feeling like being on pins and needles.
她浑身发抖,感觉如坐针毡。
完成句子
1.你无法想象北极熊向我们逼近时我们是多么的恐惧。
You cannot imagine .
(形容词)
2.一阵恐惧完全笼罩了我,我无法动弹分毫。
,and I was unable to move an inch.(名词作主语)
how frightened we were at the approach of the polar bear
A burst of horror held me entirely in its power
3.极度惊恐之下,我觉得我两腿发抖,手心冒汗。
,I felt .
__________(形容词作状语)
4.看着北极熊的血盆大口,她几乎吓晕过去。
Looking at the polar bear’s bloody mouth,she .
(介词短语)
5.一阵恐惧涌上她的心头。她喉咙发紧,膝盖发软。
. and her knees felt weak.(名词作主语+动作描写)
Extremely frightened
my legs were trembling and my palms were
sweating
was nearly dead with fright
A wave of fear welled up in/swept over her;her throat tightened
测效果 课堂评价
Ⅰ.单句填空
A组 基础必练
1.Stress and tiredness often result in a lack of (concentrate).
2. (obvious),the poor family’s life depends on the government’s support.
3.The new plan for traffic control is being put into action on an
(experiment) basis.
4.One of the most common symptoms of this disease is hearing
(imagine) voices.
5.The answer we’ll propose is of course that their behaviour is largely a matter of natural (select).
concentration
Obviously
experimental
imaginary
selection
B组 高考链接
6.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)On certain major event days,i.e.Australia Day,Anzac Day,sporting and cultural days,special (addition) services may operate.
7.(2019·北京卷)My mom is really (concern) with the health of everyone in our families.
8.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)To enjoy the (convenient) of digital payment,many senior citizens started to use smart phones.
additional
concerned
convenience
9.(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes is (locate) just a 10-minute walk from the central city station and it’s close to all of the city’s main attractions.
10.(2019·天津卷)I liked facts,things that are concrete.I thought anything abstract left too much room for (argue).
located
argument
Ⅱ.短语填空
1.Even if children outside were playing happily and making a lot of noise,Li Hong could still reading her comic book.
2.David just his deskmate’s question and then continued his reading.
be concerned about,be admitted to,have an impact on,have a fancy for,concentrate on,point out,have a conversation with,(be) compared with,give a brief response to,bring...together
concentrate on
gave a brief response to
3.After the mistakes I made in my homework,Li Lu then went on explaining to me until I understood what we had learned.
4.—Mrs Sun,are you available at present
I’d like you.
—Sure,so long as you make it brief.
5.It’s the fighting against the disease that the Chinese people closer .
6.When he Tsinghua University,his hard work at last paid off.
pointing out
to have a conversation with
brings
together
was admitted to
7.Having had vegetables for nearly a week,I meat for lunch today.
8.The professor’s speech all of us,which encouraged us to overcome difficulty bravely.
9.As a student in my final year of high school,I my future very much.
10. his design,yours is more realistic and easier to carry out.
have a fancy for
had an impact on
am concerned about
Compared with
Ⅲ.微语法填空
Saturday was approaching.Li Hua and his friends were discussing what they
1. (do) next.Liu Gang,who was a sports fan,suggested they 2. (watch) the football game at home.The others opposed his advice,saying that they 3. (engage) in some outdoor activities on weekends instead of just staying at home.Sun Juan hoped that they 4. (camp),which won others’ support. Planning for the camp in the forest,they thought that some food,water and tents 5. (prepare) so that they 6. (spend) the Saturday night near the river in the forest.Maybe some matches 7._________ (take).They decided to have a party so some costumes 8. (rent) and they 9. (arrange) some programmes in advance.All of them were looking forward to such a happy weekend and they thought they 10. (have) a nice holiday.
would do
(should) watch
(should) watch
would camp
would be prepared
would spend
would be taken
would be rented
would arrange
would have
Ⅳ.话题微写作(黑体部分用本单元词汇表达)
【写作素材】
1.众所周知,通过互联网,学生更易于读到新闻、结交朋友、下载有用的信息。
2.另外,他们可以掌握最新信息,了解国内外正发生的事情。
3.然而,互联网对高中生可能会有很坏的影响,使学生远离现实。
4.一方面,一些学生沉溺于打游戏,这既影响他们的学习,也影响他们的健康。另一方面,显而易见,网上的很多垃圾信息对高中生有害。
5.因此,如果不明智地使用,网络会导致许多问题。
【连句成篇】将以上句子连成一篇100词左右的短文。
As we all know,it’s easier for students to read news,make friends and download useful information.In addition,they can keep up with the latest information and learn what’s going on at home and abroad.However,the Internet may have very bad effects on high school students,making students away from reality.For one thing,some students are addicted to playing games,which affects their studies as well as their health.For another,obviously a lot of junk information online is very harmful to high school students. Therefore,if not used wisely,the Internet can lead to many problems.(共115张PPT)
必修第二册
主题语境:人与自然——环境保护
英 语
内容索引
通词句 基础自测
提能力 增分课堂
研真题 链接高考
微专题 精准突破
测效果 课堂评价
通词句 基础自测
[教材单词]
必背写作词汇
1. n.洪水,水灾
2. n.旱灾,干旱
3. n.野生动植物,野生生物
4. adj.拥挤的;挤满人的
5. n.风景,景色
6. adj.活的,活着的
7. n.野草;海藻
8. n.鹿
flood
drought
wildlife
crowded
landscape
living
weed
deer
9. n.昆虫
10. n.土壤
11. n.气候
12. n.讲座,讲课;演讲
13. vt.过度使用;滥用
14. n.百万
15. n.温室,暖房
16. n.海浪;海涛
insect
soil
climate
lecture
overuse
million
greenhouse
wave
17. vi.& vt.逃离;逃避
18. n.档案,卷宗
19. n.诗歌;作诗的艺术
20. n.灵魂
21. n.面积;长度;范围;程度
22. vt.困住;使陷于危险中
23. n.& vt.努力,尝试,企图
24. n.丧失;死亡
escape
file
poetry
soul
extent
trap
attempt
loss
25. n.伤害,损伤,损害
26. n.职责,义务;责任
27. n.(肉体或精神上的)痛苦;折磨
28. vt.实施;进行;执行 vi.& vt.指挥
29. n.灯
30. adv.附近
31. vi.& vt.呼吸
32. n.灰尘;尘埃
damage
duty
suffering
conduct
lamp
nearby
breathe
dust
33. adj.高兴的,兴高采烈的
34. vt.证明;证实
35. adj.久远的;遥远的
36. n.避难所
37. adj.各种各样的,形形色色的
cheerful
prove
distant
shelter
varied
识记阅读词汇
1.hurricane n.
2.volcanic adj.
3.eruption n.
4.comment n.
5.whale n.
6.dolphin n.
7.shark n.
8.kangaroo n.
飓风
火山的;由火山作用引起的
爆发
评论;意见
鲸
海豚
鲨(鱼)
袋鼠
9.eagle n.
10.fox n.
11.ecology n.
12.jungle n.
13.horrible adj.
14.edge n.
15.tube n.
16.rescue n.& vt.
鹰
狐狸
生态;生态学
(热带)丛林
可怕的,吓人的,令人恐惧的
边缘
圆管,管子;(伦敦)地铁
营救;救援
17.vehicle n.
18.overseas adv.
19.site n.
20.process n.
21.battle n.
22.ski n.
vi.
23.captain n.
24.polar adj.
交通工具,车辆
在海外,在外国
场所,地点
过程,进程
较量,竞争;斗争;战斗
滑雪板
滑雪
队长;组长
极地的,地极的
25.base n.
vt.
26.continent n.
27.brochure n.
28.aftershock n.
29.metal n.
30.skiing n.
31.originality n.
基地,大本营;基础
以……为基础
洲,大洲;大陆
小册子
(地震的)余震
金属
滑雪运动
独创性;创造力
构织连脉词汇
1. n.灾难;灾祸→ adj.灾难性的,造成灾害的
2. vt.使震惊;使难以置信→ adj.令人震惊的,极坏的→ adj.震惊的;震撼的
3. vi.& vt.活下来;幸存→ n.幸存→ n.幸存者
4. n.惊吓→ v.吓唬→ adj.受惊的,害怕的→ adj.令人惊恐的,骇人的
disaster
disastrous
shock
shocking
shocked
survive
survival
survivor
fright
frighten
frightened
frightening
5. adj.好奇的→ adv.好奇地→ n.好奇心,新奇的事物
6. vt.观察;注意;遵守;庆祝→ n.观察;观察结果→
adj.看得见的;觉察得到的;可遵守的,可庆祝的
7. adj.相等的;相同的→ adj.不平等的→
n.平等→ n.不平等→ adv.平等地→
adv.不平等地
8. vt.打断讲话→ n.打断
9. vi.死→ n.死,死亡
curious
curiously
curiosity
observe
observation
observable
equal
unequal
equality
inequality
equally
unequally
interrupt
interruption
die
death
10. vt.估量,衡量;测量→ n.估量,衡量;测量→
adj.无法测量的;无可估量的;无限的
11. v.手术;操作→ n.行动,活动;手术;操作→
adj.可动手术的
12. vt.保护;防护→ n.保护;防护→
adj.给予保护的,保护的
13. vt.探测;勘探→ n.探险者;勘察者→
n.探险;探索
14. vt.准备;筹备,筹划→ n.预备,准备
measure
measurement
measureless
operate
operation
operable
protect
protection
protective
explore
explorer
exploration
prepare
preparation
15. adj.焦虑的;不安的→ adv.焦虑地;不安地→
n.焦虑;担心
16. n.抱负,雄心;追求,夙愿→ adj.有抱负的,志向远大的→ adv.有抱负地,志向远大地
17. adj.坦诚的;诚实的→ n.坦诚;诚实,正直→
adj.不诚实的→ n.不坦诚;不诚实,不正直
18. adj.真诚的,真挚的,诚实的→ adv.真诚地,真挚地,诚实地→ n.真诚,真挚,诚实
anxious
anxiously
anxiety
ambition
ambitious
ambitiously
honest
honesty
dishonest
dishonesty
sincere
sincerely
sincerity
19. adj.勇敢的,英勇的→ adv.勇敢地,英勇地→
n.勇气;勇敢的行为
20. vi.出现→ vi.消失→ n.出现→
n.消亡;消失
brave
bravely
bravery
appear
disappear
appearance
disappearance
[常用短语]
1. 对……置之不理,对……撒手不管
2. 对……好奇
3. 倒下
4. 把……系到……上
5. 作出决定
6. 穿上;假装;上演
7. 拾起,捡起;开车接;接收信号;无意中学会
8. 过一遍,复习
9. 取得快速进步
turn one’s back (on sb/sth)
be curious about
fall down
tie...to...
make the decision
put on
pick up
go over
make rapid progress
10.on the edge of
11.breathe in
12.run out
13.break down
14.be in preparation for
ment on
16.pull into
17.have difficulty with
18.carry on
在……边缘;某事快要发生(尤指不好的事)
吸气
用完;耗尽
停止运转,出故障
为……准备
对……评论
进入,驶进站
在……方面有困难
继续
[重点句型]
1.That was the day when it took only six hours to break my body and soul.
【尝试翻译】
【考点凝练】it takes (sb) some time to do sth花费(某人)多久去做某事
2.I felt sick,as if I was falling from a mountain top in a dream.
【尝试翻译】
【考点凝练】as if好像
那一天我的身体和灵魂只用了六个小时就支离破碎了。
我觉得恶心,好像在梦中从山顶上掉下来似的。
3.But what if I’m trapped (P103)
【尝试翻译】
【考点凝练】what if... 要是……怎么办
4.The next to go was Captain Oates,who was having great difficulty walking.
【尝试翻译】
【考点凝练】have difficulty (in) doing sth做某事有困难
但要是我困于其中怎么办
下一个离去的是连走路都很困难的奥次·埃文船长。
[◎单元词句小测]
Ⅰ.单词小测
1.It was nearly ten o’clock at night.Her daughter not arriving home,Mrs Smith felt very .She looked at her husband and
asked ,“When will our daughter return ” The husband comforted her and answered,“Don’t worry.She will soon be back.” His tone obviously showed his .(anxious)
2.When the big boy the little girl that he would tell her father what she had done,the girl felt very .In fact what she couldn’t forget was the scene she went through where a dog was running after her.(frighten)
anxious
anxiously
anxiety
frightened
frightened
frightening
frightening
3.In the foreign company,not everyone is ,so many employees fight for .They think it’s that the workers who do hard work aren’t paid enough,which means people in the company are not treated .(equal)
4.Some set out last month.They hoped the jungles in the west where they wanted to discover some new species.The public looked forward to the success of their .(explore)
5.All owed their to the support of the brave soldiers,who risked their life to save them.Without the soldiers,they said,they would never have the terrible earthquake.(survive)
equal
equality
unequal
equally
explorers
to explore
exploration
survivors
survival
survived
Ⅱ.短语小测
A team of explorers were driving their car when their car came to a stop.Thinking that it might 1. (抛锚),they got off the car but nothing was wrong with it.They asked some passers-by for help,but some just 2. (对……置之不理) them.They then 3.
(作出决定) that they would 4. (穿上) their old clothes and push their car forward.Many passers-by 5.
(对……好奇) their behaviour and stopped to look at them.At first they 6. (迅速前进),but of course,they 7. (在……方面有困难) the push for a long time.
break down
turned their backs on
made the decision
put on
were curious about
made rapid progress
had difficulty with
Even one of them was so tired that he finally 8. (摔倒).The others had to lift him up.They had no choice but 9. (继续) checking the car and found that the oil 10. (用完).
fell down
to carry on
ran out
Ⅲ.句型小测——高考情境仿写
1.救援者们花了两个多小时才来到那些被困的男子身边。
2.他假装很冷静,并且表现得好像他一点都没有听过这件事一样。
3.要是我忘带我的手机又忘了密码该怎么办
4.刚上高中时,我英语学得很吃力。
It took rescuers over two hours to reach the trapped men.
He pretended to be calm and acted as if he hadn’t heard any of it.
What if I forget to take my mobile phone and forget the password
When I began my senior high school years,I had great difficulty (in) learning English.
提能力 增分课堂
核心词汇突破
1.comment n.评论;意见 vi.& vt.表达意见;作出评论
【练会】单句填空
①(2019·全国Ⅲ卷)If there is truly a concern about a professor’s professionalism or ability,be sure to use online course evaluations to calmly offer your (comment).
②Have you got any comments (make) about the cause of the disaster
comments
to make
【写美】一句多译·背诵
他的朋友们经常谈论他的性格多么温和。
③His friends often how gentle his character is.(comment v.)
④His friends often how gentle his character is.(comment n.)
comments on/upon
makes comments on/about
【归纳】(1)comment on/upon sth 对……发表评论
(2)make comments on/about 对……加以评论
comment that...评论……
no comment 无可奉告
【佳句】What you should keep in mind is that you can’t comment till you know the facts.(应用文之建议信)
你应该记住的是知道事实后再作评论。
2.shock vt.使震惊;使难以置信 n.冲击,震惊
【练会】单句填空
①(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)And I went home,and over that weekend I wrote the story Clifford the Big Red Dog,and (shock) when it was accepted for publication,because I’d never written anything before.
②(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)My wife was also shock when she did realize it wasn’t a dream.
③It’s (shock) that in this country hospitals should deny help to older people.
was shocked
in
shocking
【写美】完成句子·背诵
④每年有这么多的动物被杀死,这对我们来说真是一件震惊的事。
that so many animals are killed every year.(写作话题之环境保护)
It comes as a shock to us
【归纳】(1)it shocks sb to see/hear/find...看到/听到/发现……使某人震惊
in shock震惊地
(2)culture shock文化冲击
it comes as a shock (to sb) that...……(对某人来说)真是一件震惊的事
(3)shocking adj.令人震惊的
shocked adj.惊愕的,震惊的
be shocked at/by对……感到震惊
be shocked to do sth对做某事感到震惊
【佳句】We were shocked to know that so many people died in the flood.(写作话题之环境保护)
我们震惊地了解到如此多的人死于洪水。
3.escape n.,vi.& vt.逃离;逃避,逃脱;溢出
【练会】单句填空
①(2020·天津卷)The thief tries (escape).And the officer can’t let him get away.
②If not educated timely,the kid will not escape (fall) into a bad habit.
③Because of carelessness,the boy who didn’t obey the traffic rules
(narrow) escaped in the car accident.
to escape
falling
narrowly
【写美】完成句子·背诵
④如果你犯了罪,别指望你能逃脱惩罚。
Don’t depend on it that you can escape if you commit a crime.
being punished/punishment
【归纳】escape (doing) sth躲过(做)某事
escape from从……逃走;从……漏出
escape being punished=escape punishment逃过惩罚
have a narrow/lucky escape死里逃生;幸运逃脱
there’s no escaping the fact that...毫无疑问……
【佳句】There is no escaping the fact that China has been developing very rapidly in the last forty years.
毫无疑问,中国在过去的四十年里一直迅速发展。
4.survive vi.幸存,生存下来 vt.比……活得长;幸免于,从……中逃生,幸存
【练会】单句填空
①(2021·全国甲卷)The Xi’an City Wall is the most complete city wall that
(survive) China’s long history.
②(北京卷)For a sudden heart failure,the single best chance for
(survive) is having someone nearby step in and do CPR quickly.
has survived
survival
【写美】句式升级·背诵
③After she had survived that night,she was confident that everything else would be all right.
→ ,she was confident that everything else would be all right.(分词作状语)
Having survived that night
【归纳】(1)survive from...从某个时间存活下来,流传下来
survive sth 从……存活下来/流传下来
survive on靠……生存/幸存
survive the accident (test,crash,earthquake)从事故(测试、坠机、地震)中生还
survive sb (by...) 比……寿命长(……)
(2)survivor n.生还者,幸存者
survival n.幸存;幸存物
survival of the fittest适者生存
【点津】表示“从事故(测试、坠机、地震)中生还”时,survive是及物动词,在其后不可用介词from。
【佳句】All these buildings survived from the Qing Dynasty.(写作话题之传统文化)
所有这些建筑都是从清代留存下来的。
5.equal adj.平等的,相等的;相同的;能胜任的 vt.比得上,敌得过 n.对手,同辈,匹敌
【练会】单句填空
①(2019·全国Ⅱ卷)Miss Trunchbull,are (equal) funny and frightening,but they’re also aspirational.
②Now no human’s ability in this field can equal that of the AI.
③All people in the company have the right to (equal) of opportunity.
equally
to
equality
【写美】一句多译·背诵
在勇气上没有人能和他相媲美,这一点大家都知道。
④ ,about which everyone knows.(match vt.)
⑤ ,about which everyone knows.(equal adj.)
⑥ ,about which everyone knows.(equal vt.)
No one matches him in courage
No one is equal to him in courage
No one equals him in courage
【归纳】(1)be equal in在某方面相等
be equal to与……相等;胜任……
A equals B in...A在……方面比得上B
(2)equality n.平等
equally adv.平等地,相等地
unequal adj.不平等的
inequality n.不平等
【点津】“胜任”的不同表达:
be equal to,be up to,be suitable/fit for,be qualified for,be competent for,be the best choice for
【佳句】I’m equal to the position as I’m a local student who knows the surroundings very well.(应用文之申请信)
因为我是当地的学生,对周围的环境非常了解,所以我能胜任这个职位。
6.trap vt.困住;使陷于危险中;诱骗,使陷入困境 n.陷阱,圈套
【练会】单句填空
①(2019·天津卷)We succeed in our field of specialization and then become trapped it.
② (trap) in ruins,the little girl still kept calm,wearing a smile and waiting to be rescued.
③The shopkeeper trapped me into (purchase) their poor quality vegetables.
in
Trapped
purchasing
【写美】句式升级·背诵
④Many people were trapped in the flood,and they were in great demand of foods.
→ ,many people were in great demand of foods. (分词作状语)
Trapped in the flood
【归纳】(1)trap sb (into sth/into doing sth) 使某人陷入圈套
be/get/become trapped in 被困在……
(2)set/lay a trap for 为……设置陷阱,为……布下圈套
fall/walk into a trap落入圈套/陷阱
fall into the trap of doing sth 掉进……的陷阱
【佳句】Don’t fall into the trap of signing something without reading it carefully first.
不要没仔细看就签字,小心上当。
7.attempt n.& vt.努力,尝试,企图
【练会】单句填空
①(2021·全国乙卷)One afternoon,while (attempt) to get into bed she collapsed (倒下) from what was eventually discovered to be a heart attack.
②The boy wore a mask in attempt to frighten the dog away.
attempting
an
【写美】完成句子·背诵
③这些天,我和我的同学们正在努力工作,试图创作一部短剧。
These days my classmates and I are working hard
a short play.(写作话题之课外活动)
in an attempt to create
【归纳】(1)attempt sth尝试某事
attempt to do sth试图做某事
make an attempt to do/at doing sth 尝试做某事
in an attempt to do sth试图/尝试做某事
at the first attempt第一次尝试
(2)attempted adj.未遂的,企图的
【佳句】I suggest that you should go on a healthy diet and keep regular exercise in an attempt to lose weight.(应用文之建议信)
我建议你进行健康饮食,并坚持有规律的锻炼来尝试减肥。
8.conduct vt.实施;进行;执行 vi.& vt.指挥 n.行为,举止
【练会】单句填空
①(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)A study (conduct) in Youngstown,Ohio,for example,discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime.
②(2019·北京卷)With her dad’s permission,she spent the next two years researching online and (conduct) trials to get a recipe that was both tasty and tooth-friendly.
conducted
conducting
【写美】完成句子·背诵
③所有这些孩子在学校都表现良好,这样他们的父母都感到很安心。
All these children at school so that their parents feel at ease.
conduct themselves well
【归纳】(1)conduct a band指挥乐队
conduct an experiment进行实验
conduct an interview进行面试
conduct a survey进行调查
conduct oneself well/badly表现好/不好
(2)conductor n.指挥,(公共汽车)售票员
conductive adj.导电的,导热的
【佳句】The poll conducted among teenagers indicates that kids are eager to be comforted when they fail to perform well at school.
那项在青少年中进行的民意测验表明,孩子们在学校表现不好的时候渴望得到安慰。
9.preparation n.预备,准备;(常用复数)准备工作,准备措施
【练会】单句填空
①(2020·天津卷)To help us prepare the exam,the teacher suggested reading through our notes.
②Training for a marathon requires careful (prepare) and gradual increases in the length of the runs.
③Plans for building new high-speed railways are now preparation.
for
preparation
in
【写美】完成句子·背诵
④当前我们正在为英语短剧表演作准备,我们认为您的指导会给我们宝贵的启发。
We are currently the English short play and I think your guidance will give us valuable inspiration.(preparation)(应用文之咨询信)
in preparation for/making preparations for
【归纳】(1)make preparations for/to do...为……作准备
in preparation在准备中
in preparation for为……作准备
(2)prepare v.准备
prepared adj.准备好的
unprepared adj.没有准备好的
prepare one’s lessons准备功课
be (well) prepared for/to do sth对做某事有(充分的)准备
prepare for...为……作好准备
prepare to do sth准备做某事
【佳句】The Greens are now doing some shopping,making preparations for the coming visit to Beijing.
格林一家现在正在购物,为即将到来的北京之旅作准备。
10.base n.基地,大本营;基础 vt.以……为基地
【练会】单句填空
①(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work is based our present mental register.
②(2019·全国Ⅰ卷)Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants (base) on how they typed,with very low error rates.
on/upon
based
【写美】句式升级·背诵
③Their relationship is based on respect and trust,so it will last long.
→ ,their relationship will last long.(用分词作状语改写)
Based on respect and trust
【归纳】(1)at the base of...在……底部
an air base空军基地
(2)base...on/upon...使……基于……
be based on/upon以……为基础
(3)basic adj.基本的,基础的;初级的
basis n.基础
【佳句】We should always keep in mind that our future is based on our knowledge and skills rather than good looks.(应用文之演讲稿)
我们应该永远记住,我们的未来是基于我们的知识和技能,而不是漂亮的外表。
11.observe vt.看到,观察到;观察,观测,监视;注意;遵守;庆祝;纪念
【练会】单句填空
①(2020·天津卷)After years of (observe) human nature,I have decided that two qualities make the difference between men of great achievement and men of average performance curiosity and discontent.
②(江苏卷)This (observe) hints that effective embryonic learning could signal neurological strengths of children to parents.
③When we attend the parade (observe) the National Day,we must observe the traffic regulations.If we observe someone run a red light,we should stop him.
observing
observation
to observe
【写美】句式升级·背诵
④On the top of Mountain Tai,people excitedly observed that the sun was rising from the sea.(写作话题之旅游)
→On the top of Mountain Tai,people excitedly
from the sea.(同义句转换)
observed the sun rising
【归纳】(1)observe sb do/doing sth看到某人做了/正在做某事
observe that...观察……
observe principles/rules遵守原则/规则
(2)observer n.观察者
observation n.观察,观察力;观测
under observation在观察中,在监视中
【点津】observe sb doing sth强调“看到某人正在做某事”,强调动作正在进行;而observe sb do sth则表示“观察某人做了某事”,强调看到动作的全过程。
【佳句】Walking in the park,we can observe many beautiful birds playing happily on the trees.
在公园里散步时,我们可以看到许多美丽的小鸟在树上快乐地玩耍。
12.turn one’s back (on sb/sth) 对……置之不理,对……撒手不管
【练会】单句填空
①(2021·全国甲卷)Some will turn their parents or teachers for help.
②(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)So I did ten paintings and took them to publishers.I was turned everywhere,except at one publisher,where a young woman told me I wasn’t very good.So if I wanted to paint for a book,I’d need to write one on my own.
③(全国Ⅱ卷)The games my parents taught me when I was a child turned
to be very useful later in my life.
to
down
out
【写美】完成句子·背诵
④面试时,你应当比约定时间提前几分钟到场。
At the interview,you are supposed a couple of minutes earlier than the appointed time.(应用文之建议信)
to turn up
【归纳】turn into (使)变为,转变为
turn for (使)变得……
turn to sb向某人求助
turn out结果是
turn down调小,拒绝
turn off关上,使不感兴趣
turn on打开,使感兴趣
turn away转身走开
turn in上交
turn up出现,露面,到场;调高(大);暴露出某物
【佳句】The professor’s lecture starting with a humour turned all of us on.
教授以一个幽默开头的讲座让我们大家都感兴趣。
13.run out 用完;耗尽
【练会】单句填空
①(上海卷)After less than a week,I started noticing that the groceries were running pretty quickly.
②If you go on riding your bike like this,you’ll sooner or later get run
.
③(2019·全国Ⅱ卷)He had tried to coax (哄) the dog to him but,frightened,it had run .
out
over
off
【写美】一句多译
车油耗尽了,我们不得不在最近的村子过夜。
④ and we had to put up in the nearest village.(主动语态)
⑤ and we had to put up in the nearest village.(被动语态)
We ran out of petrol
Petrol ran out
【归纳】run away逃离
run off(从容器中)溢出,流出
run after追赶,追求
run into撞上,偶然遇见,遇到(困难等)
run across 偶然遇见(或看到)
run over(指车辆)撞倒(某人)并轧过
【点津】
(1)run out of意为“用完”,通常以人作主语,可以带宾语,可用于被动语态。
(2)run out意为“用完;耗尽”,通常以物作主语,是不及物动词短语,不能带宾语,且不可用于被动语态。
【佳句】As high school students,we will run into one difficulty after another in the process of learning.(写作话题之校园生活)
作为高中生,在学习的过程中我们会遇到一个又一个困难。
14.break down 停止运转,出故障,损坏;失败;(化学)分解;精神崩溃;感情失去控制
【练会】单句填空
①(2020天津卷)The “HAPPY TO CHAT” benches help break the invisible social barrier that keeps people from saying hello.
②A terrible storm breaking ,but fortunately no houses or other buildings were damaged.
③(北京卷)Norton Sound was covered with ice,which could sometimes break
without warning.
down
out
up
【写美】句式升级·背诵
④The elevator didn’t work and we had to walk up to the tenth floor.
→ and we had to walk up to the tenth floor.(同义句改写)
The elevator broke down
【归纳】break into破门而入,强行闯入(后接宾语);突然开始(哭、唱等);把……分成
break away from突然挣脱,逃脱
break in强行进入(in为副词);打断
break a promise违背诺言
break the law违反法律
break out 突然开始爆发
break through冲破,突破;克服,战胜
break up破碎;解散;结束;(学校)期末放假
【佳句】Scientists say they are beginning to break through in the fight against cancer.
科学家们说,他们在防治癌症方面开始有所突破。
重点句型透视
1.it takes (sb) some time to do sth花费(某人)多久去做某事
【教材原句】That was the day when it took only six hours to break my body and soul.(P30)那一天我的身体和灵魂只用了六个小时就支离破碎了。
【练会】完成句子
①灌溉这些田将会花费农民们一周的时间。
the farmers a week these fields.
②我们花了两个小时说服他改变主意。
two hours him to change his mind.(it作形式主语)
It will take
to irrigate
It took us
to persuade
【写美】一句多译·背诵
为即将到来的聚会做准备花了我们好几天的时间。
③ for the coming party.(take)
④ for the coming party.(spend)
It took us a few days to prepare
We spent a few days in preparing
【归纳】(1)it takes (sb) some time to do sth 表示“花费(某人)多久去做某事”,其中it为形式主语,后面的动词不定式为真正主语。
(2)该句型可以用spend句型进行改写,spend常用句式为:sb spend(s) some time on sth/in doing sth。另外,spend也可用以表示花钱。
【佳句】It took us three hours to help the farmers to pick watermelons on the farm.(写作话题之社会实践)
在农场帮那些农民摘西瓜花费了我们三个小时的时间。
2.as if好像
【教材原句】I felt sick,as if I was falling from a mountain top in a dream.(P31) 我觉得恶心,好像在梦中从山顶上掉下来似的。
【练会】完成句子
①孩子们对她非常友好,甚至尊敬她,好像她就是他们自己的母亲一样。
The kids were very friendly with her and even looked up to her
their own mother.
②老师和我们进行了谈话,就好像他已经知道了那件事。
The teacher talked with us about that.
as if she were
as if he had known
【写美】句式升级·背诵
③The stranger walked back and forth in the hall as if he was looking for something.
→The stranger walked back and forth in the hall .(用省略句改写)
④Tony stood under the tree with his head bent as if he was criticised by his mother.
→Tony stood under the tree with his head bent .(用省略句改写)
as if looking for something
as if criticised by his mother
【归纳】(1)此处as if表示“好像”,引导方式状语从句或表语从句。
(2)as though等同as if,也用以引导方式状语从句或表语从句。当主句为一般将来时态时,even if/as though引导的让步状语从句应用一般现在时态。
(3)as if/as though引导的从句中,如果主语和主句主语相同,且含有be动词,可省略从句主语和be动词,这样as if后就只剩下名词、不定式、形容词(短语)、介词短语或分词。
(4)在as if/as though引导的从句中,应根据情况确定是否应用虚拟语气。如果和事实相符用真实语气,如果和事实不符则应用虚拟语气。
【佳句】Waiting for the result of the competition,he felt as if his heart had stopped beating.(写作话题之体育运动)
等待比赛的结果时,他感觉他的心脏好像已经停止了跳动。
3.what if... 要是……怎么办
【教材原句】But what if I’m trapped (P103)但要是我困于其中怎么办
【练会】完成句子
①假若下起雨来,我们又没处避雨可怎么办
when we can’t get under shelter
②万一我生病不能去爬山了怎么办
and am unable to climb the hill
③假如那天警察没有经过那家超市会怎么样
by the supermarket
What if it rains
What if I fall sick
What if the policeman hadn’t passed
【写美】句式升级·背诵
④What will we do if our head teacher doesn’t agree with us
→ our head teacher doesn’t agree with us (同义句改写)
【归纳】(1)“what if... ”常用以提出假设,表示“如果……会怎么样 ”“要是……怎么办 ”。
(2)“what if... ”后的句子可用陈述语气(一般现在时),也可用虚拟语气,针对现在和将来情况常用过去时态,针对过去情况常用过去完成时态。
【佳句】What if the habitats of these animals were destroyed
要是这些动物的栖息地被毁坏了怎么办
What if
4.have difficulty (in) doing sth做某事有困难
【教材原句】The next to go was Captain Oates,who was having great difficulty walking.(P37)下一个离去的是奥次·埃文船长,他连走路都很困难。
【练会】单句填空
①A new study shows that the old may struggle to complete complex tasks or have difficulty (understand) information they have read.
②(2019·北京卷)If they have problems registration,Wilson is there to assist them.
③Whatever difficulty you have (write) the report,don’t hesitate to ask your manager for advice.
understanding
with
writing
【写美】完成句子·背诵
④毫无疑问,我与外国人交流几乎没有什么困难,这使得我适合做志愿者。
Without doubt,_________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________.
(应用文之申请信)
I have little difficulty communicating with foreigners,which makes me fit for a volunteer
【归纳】(1)have difficulty (in) doing sth 表示“做某事有困难”。
(2)该句型也可用have problems/trouble (in) doing sth;当后面跟名词时,则需要用句型:have difficulty/problems/trouble with sth。
【佳句】I’m sorry to learn about the difficulty you have in communicating with your deskmate.(应用文之安慰信)
知道你和你的同桌交流有困难,我很难过。
研真题 链接高考
(江苏卷,阅读理解C)——灾难防范
El Ni o,a Spanish term for “the Christ child”,was named by South American fishermen who noticed that the global weather pattern,which happens every two to seven years,reduced the amount of fishes caught around Christmas.El Ni o sees warm water,collected over several years in the western Pacific,flow back eastwards when winds that normally blow westwards weaken,or sometimes the other way round.
The weather effects,both good and bad,are felt in many places.Rich countries gain more from powerful Ni os,on balance,than they lose.A study found that a strong Ni o in 1997-98 helped America’s economy grow by $15 billion,partly because of better agricultural harvests:farmers in the Midwest gained from extra rain.The total rise in agricultural incomes in rich countries is greater than the fall in poor ones.
But in Indonesia extremely dry forests are in flames.A multi-year drought(干旱) in south-east Brazil is becoming worse.Though heavy rains brought about by El Ni o may relieve the drought in California,they are likely to cause surface flooding and other disasters.
The most recent powerful Ni o,in 1997-98,killed around 21,000 people and caused damage worth $36 billion around the globe.But such Ni os come with months of warning,and so much is known about how they happen that governments can prepare.According to the Overseas Development Institute(ODI),however,just 12% of disaster-relief funding in the past two decades has gone on reducing risks in advance,rather than recovery and rebuilding afterwards.This is despite evidence that a dollar spent on risk-reduction saves at least two on reconstruction.
Simple improvements to infrastructure(基础设施) can reduce the spread of disease.Better sewers(下水道) make it less likely that heavy rain is followed by an outbreak of the disease of bad stomach.Stronger bridges mean villages are less likely to be left without food and medicine after floods.According to a paper in 2011 by Mr Hsiang and co-authors,civil conflict is related to El Ni o’s harmful effects—and the poorer the country,the stronger the link.Though the relationship may not be causal,helping divided communities to prepare for disasters would at least reduce the risk that those disasters are followed by killing and wounding people.Since the poorest are least likely to make up for their losses from disasters linked to El Ni o,reducing their losses needs to be the priority.
理清脉络
真题再做
61.What can we learn about El Ni o in Paragraph 1
A.It is named after a South American fisherman.
B.It takes place almost every year all over the world.
C.It forces fishermen to stop catching fish around Christmas.
D.It sees the changes of water flow direction in the ocean.
62.What may El Ni os bring about to the countries affected
A.Agricultural harvests in rich countries fall.
B.Droughts become more harmful than floods.
C.Rich countries’ gains are greater than their losses.
D.Poor countries suffer less from droughts economically.
63.The data provided by ODI in Paragraph 4 suggest that .
A.more investment should go to risk reduction
B.governments of poor countries need more aid
C.victims of El Ni o deserve more compensation
D.recovery and reconstruction should come first
64.What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage
A.To introduce El Ni o and its origin.
B.To explain the consequences of El Ni o.
C.To show ways of fighting against El Ni o.
D.To urge people to prepare for El Ni o.
61.D
解析 细节理解题。第一段概括说明了厄尔尼诺现象名字的来源,发生的时间、地点、现象的成因等内容。根据文中“back eastwards”和“normally blow westwards”等关键词可知D项正确。
62.C
解析 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“Rich countries gain more...”排除A项,错误点出在fall一词;B项的说法没有根据,文章中并没有做出对比;D项错在less一词,从文章第二段和第三段的说明可知,一些贫困的国家,如印度尼西亚,遭受到严重的干旱,影响了国家的经济发展。C项的题源句为第二段中的“Rich countries gain more from powerful Ni os, on balance, than they lose.”,句意为“总的来说,富裕国家得大于失”。
63.A
解析 推理判断题。题源句为:According to the Overseas Development Institute(ODI), however, just 12% of disaster-relief funding in the past two decades has gone on reducing risks in advance, rather than recovery and rebuilding afterwards.句意为:然而根据海外研究所提供的数字,在过去的20年里,相比于灾后恢复和重建,只有12%的赈灾资金用于事先的减灾预防。just的内涵意义是“言其少”,因此选择A项。B、C项文章没有提及,D项弄反了作者的观点。
64.D
解析 作者意图题。作者首先简要介绍了厄尔尼诺现象,列举了其危害性,进而引出作者写作的真实意图:厄尔尼诺现象是可预报、可预防的,因此政府部门以及有关人员应该积极行动起来做好灾害的防范工作。A、B、C三项都属于以偏概全,以事实细节代替写作目的。
语言能力
1.掌握构词知识
词根 派生 词性及词义 例句
agricultural The total rise in agricultural incomes in rich countries is greater than the fall in poor ones.
recovery According to the Overseas Development Institute(ODI),however,just 12% of disaster-relief funding in the past two decades has gone on reducing risks in advance,rather than recovery and rebuilding afterwards.
agriculture
adj.农业的
recover
n.恢复
2.猜测生僻词词义
Though the relationship may not be causal,helping divided communities to prepare for disasters would at least reduce the risk that those disasters are followed by killing and wounding people.
构成原因的,因果关系的
3.牢记熟词生义
单词 词性及词义 例句
term El Ni o,a Spanish term for “the Christ child”,was named by South American fishermen who noticed that the global weather pattern,which happens every two to seven years,reduced the amount of fishes caught around Christmas.
gain Rich countries gain more from powerful Ni os,on balance,than they lose.
n.术语
v.获利
4.仿写经典句型
According to a paper in 2011 by Mr Hsiang and co-authors,civil conflict is related to El Ni o’s harmful effects—and the poorer the country,the stronger the link.
仿写:你对我们的传统文化了解得越多,你就对它越感兴趣。
The more you know about our traditional culture,the more you are interested in it.
5.破解复杂句式
El Ni o,a Spanish term for “the Christ child”,was named by South American fishermen who noticed that the global weather pattern,which happens every two to seven years,reduced the amount of fishes caught around Christmas.
分析:本句为含有两个定语从句和一个宾语从句的主从复合句。主句部分为El Ni o was named by South American fishermen;a Spanish term for “the Christ child” 作 ,对El Ni o作进一步的解释;在who引导的定语从句中,又包含that引导的 从句和which引导的 从句。
译文:
同位语
宾语
定语
厄尔尼诺现象,西班牙语 “圣婴现象” 的音译,是由南美洲渔民命名的,他们注意到全球天气 (变化) 模式会使临近圣诞节的捕鱼量减少,这一现象每两至七年发生一次。
微专题 精准突破
Ⅰ.熟词生义练(五)
1.title(教材P102)
项目 意义 例句
熟义 n. Patience and Sarah was first published in 1969 under the title A Place for Us.
生义 n. Princess Alexandra was to inherit the title of Duchess of Fife.
n. How many times did Michael Jordan’s team win the NBA title
v. Their story is the subject of a new book titled The Golden Thirteen.
题目;标题
称号;头衔
冠军
加标题于
2.measure(教材P102)
项目 意义 例句
熟义 v. Can you measure accurately the length of the rope with this ruler
生义 v. She failed to measure the effect of her actions on her family.
n. Measures are being taken to reduce crime in the city.
估量,衡量;测量
仔细考虑(某事物)
措施;步骤;办法
3.observe(教材P41)
项目 意义 例句
熟义 v. Observe carefully if any change occurs when doing experiments in the lab.
生义 v. Rules of online voting should be worked out and strictly observed.
v. Do they observe Christmas Day in that country
观察,注意
遵守,奉行(法律、习俗等)
庆祝(节日)
Ⅱ.读后续写 微技能(五):动作神态描写之“感激”与“感动”
词汇积累
形容词/副词 thankful,grateful,moving,moved,gratefully,touching,touched
名词/动词 gratitude,appreciation,move,appreciate,thank,touch
词块必记
1.tears of gratitude/appreciation感激的泪水
2.accept my sincere appreciation接受我真诚的感激
3.show one’s gratitude表达感激
4.be deeply touched by被……深深感动
5.appreciate timely help感激及时的帮助
佳句背诵
1.I can never thank you enough.
我对你感激不尽。
2.This small gift is only a tiny token of our gratefulness.
这件小小的礼物略表我们的感激之情。
3.Your sympathy has brought us great comfort.
你的慰问给我们带来了莫大的安慰。
4.Knowing what had happened,his mother shed tears of joy and gratitude.
了解事情的经过后,他的母亲流下了喜悦和感激的泪水。
5.When she told me about her daughter’s story,I was too moved even to speak.
当她告诉我她女儿的故事时,我感动得说不出话来。
完成句子
1.感激的泪水顺着彼得的脸颊流下,他感激地说:“今天你救了我。我对你感激不尽。”
down his cheeks,Peter said thankfully,“You’ve saved me today.I can’t thank you enough.”(with复合结构)
2.看到陌生人之间这般彼此关照,实在令人感动。
how much strangers could care for each other.(形容词)
With tears of gratitude/appreciation rolling
It was very moving to see
3.当他接过一个小男孩给的鲜花时,他感激地微笑起来。
as he accepted the flowers given by a small boy.(介词短语)
4.人群被深深地感动了,于是更大声地拍手。
,the crowd clapped their hands even more loudly.(非谓语动词作状语)
He smiled with gratitude
Touched/ Moved deeply
测效果 课堂评价
Ⅰ.单句填空
A组 基础必练
1.It was generally accepted that (volcano) rocks with such high levels of the metal could not exist.
2.This attractive tour takes you to some of San Francisco’s most
(cheer) holiday scenes.
3.Daniel felt really depressed about the (die) of his lovely puppy.
4.In your future life,you’ll have new experiences which can be
(scare),but it can also be fun.
5.Historians said that they regretted the (disappear) of a historical document.
volcanic
cheerful
death
scary
disappearance
B组 高考链接
6.(2018·全国Ⅰ卷)Join a small group bike tour for an evening of
(explore) in the heart of Washington,D.C.
7.(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)Filled with (curious),the artist packed his bags and left.
8.(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes is (locate) just a 10-minute walk from the central city station and it’s close to all of the city’s main attractions.
9.(2019·全国Ⅰ卷)If you exercise out of doors,your body will learn to
(breath) more deeply,allowing even more oxygen to get to your muscles (肌肉) and your brain.
exploration
curiosity
located
breathe
Ⅱ.短语填空
1.The telephone system has .
2.After finishing the essay,you’d better it again so that you can avoid some mistakes.
3.For the purpose of going on a trip with his friends,Sam a sad look when his parents disagreed with him.
have difficulty with,fall down,pick up,break down,turn one’s back on,carry on,go over,put on,make rapid progress,run out
broken down
go over
put on
4.Only when you practice as much as possible can you really
with your Chinese.
5.With all her money ,Sally had to hunt for a job in the local company.
6.It’s easy a bad habit,but it’s hard to get rid of it.
7.George’s parents brought in a French teacher for him because he
French.
make rapid progress
running out
to pick up
had difficulty with
8.When asked to turn his homework on time,Jack just the
teacher,which made the teacher very angry.
9.A terrible flood broke out in the area and a large quantity of houses
.
10.Most teachers left for home,but our English teacher just
correcting our papers.
turned his back on
fell down
carried on
Ⅲ.微语法填空
Returning to his hometown,Sun Tao visited his old friends 1. they used to live in the same village during their childhood.He was invited to lunch by his cousin 2. ran a farm 3. he raised a lot of domestic animals such as chickens,pigs,cattle and geese.During the dinner,the old friends got together,talking about the beautiful time 4. they enjoyed themselves.They felt very glad to live a happy life in different places.They hadn’t seen each other for ten years,and that was the reason
5. Sun Tao advocated they get together.Sun Tao took out a pen
6. could be called an antique,7. really surprised everyone present as all of them could recognise it.It was given to Sun Tao by
who
who
where
when
why
which/that
which
the village head as a prize when he ranked the first in a maths competition.
After dinner,Sun Tao’s cousin took him to a hill 8. the village leader was buried.Feeling so sad,Sun Tao bowed before the tomb,after
9. he recommended going to the reservoir.Standing on the dam, Sun Tao recalled the time 10. he was drowned and it was the village leader that saved him.So thankful to his hometown was Sun Tao that he made a decision that would do as much as he could to help develop the village.
where
which
when
Ⅳ.话题微写作(黑体部分用本单元词汇表达)
【写作素材】
1.海洋污染正成为一个日益严重的问题。我们应该立即采取措施来解决它。
2.每个人都应该努力在这场战斗中发挥自己的作用。
3.当然,我们很难靠自己的力量保护所有的海洋动物。
4.因此,在一定程度上,我们需要共同努力。首先应该做的是禁止人们向海洋扔垃圾。
5.此外,制造环保船舶也同样重要。
6.在保护海洋的过程中,世界各国都应该承担起责任。
【连句成篇】将以上句子连成一篇100词左右的短文。
Sea pollution is becoming an increasing problem so that we should take immediate measures to solve it.Everyone should attempt to play his part in the battle.Of course,we have difficulty protecting all the marine animals on our own.Therefore,to a certain extent,we need joint efforts and what should be done first is banning people from throwing rubbish into the sea.Besides,it’s equally important to make ships environmentally friendly.In the process of sea protection,all the countries throughout the world should take the responsibility.(共110张PPT)
必修第二册
主题语境:
人与社会——历史、社会与文化
英 语
内容索引
通词句 基础自测
提能力 增分课堂
研真题 链接高考
微专题 精准突破
测效果 课堂评价
通词句 基础自测
[教材单词]
必背写作词汇
1. adj.不寻常的;显著的;非凡的
2. n.职业,事业
3. vt.治好(疾病);治愈 n.疗法
4. n.一代(人)
5. n.改革;改进
6. adj.女(性)的
7. n.舞台;阶段
8. vt.授予;给予
remarkable
career
cure
generation
reform
female
stage
award
9. n.荣誉 vt.感到荣幸
10. v.获得,赢得,取得;受益 n.好处;利益
11. n.处方;秘诀
12. adj.有限的
13. adv.最终;终于
14. n.皮肤
15. adj.更多的,进一步
16. vt.& n.尊敬;敬佩
honour
gain
recipe
limited
eventually
skin
further
respect
17. vt.认为,看作
18. n.小说家
19. n.机会;时机
20. n.名誉;声望
21. n.认识;意识
22. adj.很严重的
23. n.运动,动作,活动
24. vi.参加,参与
regard
novelist
opportunity
reputation
awareness
severe
movement
engage
25. vt.计划,设计
26. n.提倡者;拥护者;鼓吹者
27. n.伤残,残障,障碍
28. n.看法,态度
29. adj.勇敢的
30. adv.原先,最初
design
advocate
disability
attitude
daring
originally
识记阅读词汇
1.justice n.
2.mankind n.
3.mosquito n.
4.apart adj.& adv.
5.drug n.
6.committee n.
7.recognition n.
8.academy n.
公平,公正
人类
蚊子
分开;散开
药物,药材;毒品
委员会
表彰;赞扬
研究院;学会
9.establish vt.
10.chemical n.
adj.
11.herb n.
12.literature n.
13.resource n.
14.staff n.
15.promising adj.
16.despite prep.
建立,设立
化学品
化学的
药草
文献资料;著述;文学
物力;资源
全体职员,员工
大有希望的
尽管;虽然
17.potential n.
18.advance n.
19.integrate vi.& vt.
20.independence n.
21.protest n.& vi.& vt.
22.racial adj.
23.discrimination n.
24.bar n.
潜力;可能性
发展;进步
(使)结合;(使)成为一体
独立
抗议;反对
种族的;人种的
歧视
铁栅;(门、窗等的)闩
25.march n.
26.self-evident adj.
27.journalist n.
28.organisation n.
29.strike vi.& vt.
30.depression n.
31.ongoing adj.
32.commitment n.
33.intense adj.
示威游行,抗议游行
不证自明的;显而易见的
新闻工作者
组织;团体;机构
突然发生(某种不幸);突然有坏的影响;打,击
忧郁,沮丧,消沉;抑郁症
继续进行的,不断发展的
投入,忠诚,奉献;承诺
强烈的,剧烈的
构织连脉词汇
1. vt.钦佩;欣赏,称赞,夸奖→ adj.令人钦佩的;极其出色的→ adv.可赞美地;极好地
2. n.智力→ adj.聪敏的;有智慧的→
adv.有灵性地;聪明地
3. adj.无私的;慷慨的;大方的→ adv.慷慨地,大方地→ n.慷慨,大方
4. adj.有创造力的,创造性的→ adv.创造性地;有创造力地→ vt.创造→ n.创造,创造力
admire
admirable
admirably
intelligence
intelligent
intelligently
generous
generously
generosity
creative
creatively
create
creation
5. n.效果,作用→ adj.有效的,产生预期效果的→
adv.有效地
6. adj.聪明的,明智的→ adv.聪明地;明智地→
n.知识,学问;智慧
7. adj.平静的,和平的,没有暴力的→ adv.宁静地,安详地,和平地→ n.和平
8. vt.鼓舞,鼓励→ n.灵感;妙计,好办法;鼓舞人心的人或事→ adj.鼓舞人心的
effect
effective
effectively
wise
wisely
wisdom
peaceful
peacefully
peace
inspire
inspiration
inspiring
9. vt.评价;判断→ n.判断,判断力
10. vt.使(人)印象深刻→ adj.令人钦佩的,给人印象深刻的→ adv.令人钦佩地,给人印象深刻地
11. adj.依赖的;从属的→ adj.独立的,自主的→
n.独立→ adv.独立地
12. n.强烈的爱好,热爱;激情→ adj.具有强烈信念的;热爱的,酷爱的→ adv.热情地;强烈地;激昂地
judge
judgement
impress
impressive
impressively
dependent
independent
independence
independently
passion
passionate
passionately
13. adj.精力充沛的,充满活力的→ adv.精力充沛地;积极地→ n.能量;精力
14. n.概要;摘要;总结→ v.总结,概括
energetic
energetically
energy
summary
summarise
[常用短语]
1. 努力争取,为……斗争
2. 心里已有……
3. 申请
4. 集中注意力于……
5. 预先
6. 炫耀
7. 为纪念……
8. 去世
9. 导致
fight for...
have...in mind
apply for
focus one’s attention on
in advance
throw off
in honour of
pass away
lead to
10.put out
11.come across
12.be regarded as
13.try out for
14.be connected to
15.be trapped in
16.in support of
17.base on
18.integrate with
扑灭
偶遇
被认为,被看作
参加选拔
和……联系
被困于……
为支持……
基于……
使与……结合
[重点句型]
1.This is not only an honour for myself,but also recognition and encouragement for all scientists in China.
【尝试翻译】
【考点凝练】 not only...but also...不仅……而且……
2.The reason why this was difficult was that the team had limited resources.
【尝试翻译】
【考点凝练】the reason why...is that...……的原因是……
这不仅是授予我个人的荣誉,也是对全体中国科学家的赞扬和鼓励。
这很难的原因是团队资源有限。
3.I really admire and respect him,and there’s no doubt that he was one of the most important figures of the 20th century.
【尝试翻译】
【考点凝练】there is no doubt that...毫无疑问……
4.He admitted that during the early stages of living with his injury,he wished that he was dead and even thought of ending his own life.
【尝试翻译】
【考点凝练】wish+宾语从句
我真的很钦佩和尊敬他,毫无疑问,他是20世纪最重要的人物之一。
他承认,在他受伤的早期阶段,他希望自己已经死掉,甚至想过结束自己的生命。
[◎单元词句小测]
Ⅰ.单词小测
1.Showing his shooting talent during his childhood,the famous athlete performed in the Olympic Games,which brought him the champion,and all the audience him for his
performance.(admire)
2.As a millionaire,Professor Liu always donates his money to charities,helping those in need .His wins the respect of his friends,his colleagues and all the people who knows him.(generous)
admirable
admirably
admired
admiring
generous
generously
generosity
3.Pyramids really left me a deep ,and it was the
construction that I had ever seen on my trip to Egypt.Of course,almost all the visitors there were with it.(impress)
4.My grandfather used to be full of .He did various meaningful things all day .Although he has passed away for many years,his
image he created is always in my mind.(energy)
5. people always make decisions that are not only beneficial to themselves but also helpful to others.It means that their is reflected in their decisions.So what we can learn from them is that we should always try to determine what is right .(wise)
impression
most impressive
impressed
energy
energetically
energetic
Wise
wisdom
wisely
Ⅱ.短语小测
Yuan Longping who 1. (被认为是) the father of hybrid rice,and was born on September 7,1930.In his life,he 2.
(集中注意力于) the study of hybrid rice.Yuan travelled to different places,3. (支持) scientific research.The hybrid rice developed has been grown in dozens of countries in Africa,America and Asia.He made great contributions to the world,but he never 4. (炫耀) his achievement.He 5. (去世) on May 22,2021.His death is a great loss to the whole world.People throughout the world hold many activities
6. (为纪念) him, and they will
is regarded as
focused his attention on
in support of
showed off
passed away
in honour of
7. (记住) that he has been helping the world 8.
(努力争取) food,which 9. (导致) many countries winning the battle of fighting against poverty,helping those who 10. (受困于) hunger.
keep in mind
fight for
leads to
are trapped in
Ⅲ.句型小测——高考情境仿写
1.他不但读了这本书,而且记得所读的内容。
2.我今天早上上班迟到的原因是我没赶上公共汽车。
3.毫无疑问,我们必须对全球变暖问题给予足够的重视。
4.有时,我真希望自己能变成一片白云。
He not only read the book,but also remembered what he had read.
The reason why I was late for work this morning was that I missed the bus.
There is no doubt that enough concern must be paid to the problem of global warming.
Sometimes,how I wish that I could become a white cloud.
提能力 增分课堂
核心词汇突破
1.admire vt.钦佩;欣赏
【练会】单句填空
①(2020·天津卷)I plan to make it in an (admire) manner.
②She won the (admire) of many people in her battle against cancer.
③Everybody admires him his fine sense of humour.
admirable
admiration
for
【写美】完成句子·背诵
④坐上高铁,我们不禁佩服祖国的迅速发展。
Travelling on the high-speed train,we the rapid development of our motherland.(写作话题之交通)
couldn’t help admiring
【归纳】(1)admire sb for 因……而羡慕/钦佩某人
admire oneself自我欣赏
(2)admiration n.赞赏,钦佩
admirable adj.令人钦佩的,极其出色的
admiring adj.赞赏的;赞美的;羡慕的
have admiration for对……表示钦佩
in/with admiration钦佩地
【佳句】All his colleagues have admiration for his attitude towards what he meets in life.(应用文之人物介绍)
他的同事都钦佩他对待生活中所遇到的事情的态度。
2.cure vt.治好(疾病);治愈;解决 n.药,疗法;治疗
【练会】单句填空
①As a matter of fact,at present there is no easy cure loneliness.
②Cured his cancer,Stephen went back to work for the charity.
③The doctor treated his headache with a new drug but didn’t him.(cure)
④The government’s attempts (cure) unemployment have so far been ineffective.
for
of
cure
【写美】完成句子·背诵
⑤虽然中药很苦,但它几乎没有副作用,可以完全治愈你的疾病。
Bitter as traditional Chinese medicine is,it has few side effects and .(写作话题之传统文化)
【归纳】(1)cure sb/sth治愈某人/某物
cure sb/sth of...治愈某人/某物的……(病)
(2)a cure for...治愈……疗法
can cure your disease completely
【辨析】(1)cure指治愈疾病、消除痛苦、戒除恶习/弊端/嗜好等。可以用人作宾语,也可以用病作宾语;人作宾语时,病用介词of引出。它强调结果。
(2)treat只指治病,不包括治疗的效果如何。其宾语可以是人也可以是病;人作宾语时,病用介词for引出。它强调“治疗”这一动作。treat 也可表示“对待,招待”。
【佳句】Having known the couple were poor,the hospital decided to treat their daughter for her deadly disease for free.
知道这对夫妇很穷之后,医院决定为他们患有致命疾病的女儿进行免费治疗。
3.generous adj.无私的;慷慨的;大方的
【练会】单句填空
①Though poorer than his sister,Blakey is as generous as her the poor.
②It’s really generous the kid to share his toys with his mates.
③(2019·浙江卷)Bridges said the only goal was to show
(generous) and sympathy.
to
of
generosity
【写美】句式升级·背诵
④He is so knowledgeable,generous and responsible that I respect and love him so much.
→ I respect and love him so much.(用倒装句改写)
So knowledgeable,generous and responsible is he that
【归纳】(1)be generous with sth在……方面大方
be generous to对……大方
it’s generous of sb to do sth某人做某事是慷慨的
(2)generously adv.慷慨地,大方地
generosity n.慷慨,大方
an act of generosity慷慨之举
【佳句】It’s really generous of the kid to share his toys with his mates.
这孩子真慷慨,把他的玩具分给他的伙伴们。
4.award n.奖,奖品 vt.授予;给予
【练会】单句填空
①(2019·全国Ⅱ卷)A 90-year-old (award) “Woman Of The Year” for being Britain’s oldest full-time employee—still working 40 hours a week.
②Summer Company provides students with hands-on business training and
(award) of up to $3,000 to start and run their own summer businesses.
③The young soldier (award) a medal his bravery of saving the girl from the fire.
has been awarded
awards
was awarded
for
【写美】完成句子·背诵
④当他被颁发奖学金时,他的努力得到了回报。
,his hard work paid off.(写作话题之人物介绍)
【归纳】give sb an award给某人颁奖
award sth to sb=award sb sth把某物颁发给某人/判给某人
award sb sth for sth因某事给某人颁发某物
When he was awarded a scholarship
【辨析】(1)award 意为“奖品,奖金,奖”,指对优异的成绩或卓越的贡献经评定后正式授予某种奖励,这种奖励可以是精神方面的,也可以是物质方面的。
(2)honour 意为“荣誉”,可指官方承认的奖赏和荣誉,但往往指非官方的私人的荣誉奖励。
(3)prize 意为“奖赏,奖金,赠品,战利品,奖品”,指在比赛、竞争、工作或学习中优胜者所获得的奖赏,可能是钱,也可能是物品。
(4)reward表示“奖励,酬谢,报酬,奖赏”,可作动词或名词,侧重于对好的行为或者功绩的奖励。作动词时,只能用人或人的行为作宾语。
【佳句】Zhang Guimei was at that moment in Beijing to receive her award as the top ten people touching China of the Year 2020.(写作话题之人物介绍)
张桂梅当时在北京接受2020年感动中国十大人物奖。
5.gain v.获得,增加,赢得,取得;收益 n.好处;利益
【练会】单句填空
①Practising speaking in public,not only has he improved his ability,but he has also gained more confidence.
②There is nothing (gain) by losing your temper.
【写美】完成句子·背诵
③我们只有努力工作才能最终变得成功。正如谚语所说:“不劳无获。”
Only by working hard can we at last become successful.Just as the saying goes,“ .”(应用文之演讲稿)
in
to be gained
No pains,no gains
【归纳】gain in confidence增加信心
gain by/from...从……中获益
gain in...增长;增加
No pains,no gains.
不劳无获。
【佳句】By attending the ceremony,not only have I gained some knowledge of fighting against the disease,but I am also encouraged to work together with my teammates.
通过参加典礼,我不仅获得了一些抗击该疾病的知识,我还被鼓励与队友协作。
6.advance vi.前进;取得进展 vt.提升;提前 n.前进,发展;进步
【练会】单句填空
①(2020·山东卷)She decided to go back to college (advance) her career and to be able to better support her family while doing something she loves:nursing.
②(2020·天津卷)—Next time you visit Bob,remember to give him a call
advance.
—Good point.I will.
③(北京卷)The coming technological (advance) presents a chance for cities and states to develop transportation systems designed to move more people,and more affordably.
to advance
in
advancement
【写美】完成句子·背诵
④至于准备工作,需要提前阅读一些内容,例如《西游记》。
As for preparations,some reading is needed like Journey to the West.
in advance
【归纳】(1)advance sth提升……,把……提前
advance on/towards...朝……行进;向/为……前进
advance in knowledge在知识方面进步
in advance提前
advanced English高级英语
advanced technology先进的技术
(2)advanced adj.先进的,高级的
advancement n.前进;促进;进展;晋升
【佳句】As a member of our volleyball team,you should be well prepared for it in advance.
作为我们排球队的一名队员,你应该事先进行充分的准备。
7.judge v.评价;判断
【练会】单句填空
①(2020·山东卷)His (judge) and references are decidedly American,as well as his delicate stomach.
② (judge) from the accent,my brother’s girlfriend must come from the south.
③Wearing proper clothes is important too,for locals will judge you
what you wear.
judgment
Judging
by/from
【写美】完成句子·背诵
④俗话说:“你不能以貌取人。”
Just as the saying goes,“You can’t .”
judge a book by its cover
【归纳】(1)judge (sb/sth) by/from 通过……判断
as far as I can judge据我判断
judge a book by its cover以貌取人
(2)judgement n.判断力,评价
【佳句】Judging from/by the book written by him,I think he is a very promising writer.
从他所写的书来看,我认为他是一个很有前途的作家。
8.respect vt.尊敬,尊重;敬佩 n.尊敬,敬重;敬意,敬佩;方面
【练会】单句填空
①(全国Ⅱ卷) We were (respect) of craft (技艺) and focused on digging into the characters we were going to play.
②Please give my (respect) to your parents when you get home during the holiday.
③ respect to your other suggestions,I am not yet able to tell you our decision.
respectful
respects
With
【写美】完成句子·背诵
④这位退休的校长为帮助发展贫穷地区教育而奉献自我,这赢得了整个社会的尊重。
The retired headmaster devotes himself to helping develop the education in the poor area,which the whole society.
wins the respect of
【归纳】(1)respect sb for (doing) sth因(做)某事而尊重某人
show respect for sb对某人表示尊敬
with respect to关于,至于,就……而言
with respect尊重地
win/earn the respect of sb赢得某人的尊重
in respect of在……方面
in this respect在这方面
(2)respects n.敬意;问候
respectful adj.尊敬的;有礼貌的;谦恭的
be respectful of尊重,尊敬
respective adj.分别的;各自的
respectable adj.值得尊敬的
【佳句】We students should show respect for all our teachers who unselfishly help us make progress little by little.
我们学生应该尊重所有无私地帮助我们一点一点进步的老师。
9.regard vt.认为,看作 n.注意或关心
【练会】单句填空
①(2021·全国乙卷)Ecotourism is commonly regarded low impact travel to undisturbed places.
②Please give my (regard) to your parents.
③In regard what you have just said,I couldn’t agree more.
as
regards
to
【写美】一句多译·背诵
关于与同学之间的冲突,宽容可能是最好的解决方法。(写作话题之矛盾冲突)
④Tolerance might be the best solution the conflict between classmates.(as)
⑤Tolerance might be the best solution the conflict between classmates.(regard)
⑥Tolerance might be the best solution the conflict between classmates.(concern)
as to
in regard to
concerning
【归纳】(1)be regarded as被认为,被看作
regard...as...把……看作……
(2)regarding prep.关于,有关
regards n.致意,问候
in/with regard to sb/sth 关于某人/某事
in this/that regard 在这/那点上
give one’s regards to 代某人向……问候
【佳句】If you want to know more information with regard to the position,you can call at 123456789.(应用文之招聘信)
如果你想了解更多关于这一职位的信息,你可以拨打电话12346789。
10.passion n.强烈的爱好,热爱;激情
【练会】单句填空
①Tango is a (passion) dance,which brings the dancers together in a way words can’t express.
②Many old people have a passion gardening or raising pets.
③Journalists are often passionate actors’ privacy.
passionate
for
about
【写美】句式升级·背诵
④Interested in communicating with others,I’m confident that I am equal to the post.(应用文之申请信)
→ ,I’m confident that I am equal to the post.(同义句改写)
Passionate about communicating with others
【归纳】(1)arouse strong passions激起强烈的情绪
find one’s passion in doing sth发现某人对……的热情
have a passion for酷爱
with passion带有强烈情感地
(2)passionate adj.热情的,热烈的
passionately adv.热情地,热烈地
be passionate about酷爱
【佳句】As a passionate volunteer,I took an active part in a variety of activities.
作为一名充满热情的志愿者,我积极参加了各种活动。
11.strike vi.& vt.突然发生(某种不幸);突然有坏的影响;打,击;突然想到;给某人留下印象 n.罢工;袭击
【练会】单句填空
①The employees will go strike if they demands are turned down.
②It suddenly (strike) me last night how we could improve our present situation.
③The first time he met the girl he was struck her wisdom and fell in love with her.
on
struck
by/with
【写美】一句多译·背诵
昨天,哈里突然想起他应该给他爸爸买些中国茶叶。
④ he should buy his father some Chinese tea.(strike)
⑤ he should buy his father some Chinese tea.(hit)
⑥ he should buy his father some Chinese tea.(occur)
It struck Harry yesterday that
It hit Harry yesterday that
It occurred to Harry yesterday that
【归纳】(1)be struck by/with 被……所打动
it strikes/hits/occurs to sb that...某人突然想到……
strike a match划火柴
go on strike举行罢工
be on strike在罢工
(2)striking adj.引人注目的,突出的
【佳句】What strikes me most is the tour along the Yangtze River,the longest river of China and one of the mother rivers of Chinese civilisation.
最令我印象深刻的是长江之行,长江是中国最长的河流,也是中华文明的母亲河之一。
12.engage v.(使)参加,(使)参与;聘用,雇用
【练会】单句填空
①Despite her illness,she remains actively engaged charity activities.
②When some foreign tourists visited the town,our English teacher was often engaged an interpreter.
③The manager is very busy.He has several (engage) for next week.
in
as
engagements
【写美】完成句子·背诵
④教师应设法使每个学生都积极参与课堂活动。
Teachers should try class activities actively.
to engage each student in
【归纳】(1)engage sb as...聘用某人当……
engage in/on/upon参加,参与(活动)
engage (sb) in (doing) sth (使某人)参与(做)某事
(2)engagement n.约会;订婚
【佳句】I’m sorry to say that I’m unable to take part in your birthday party because of my previous engagement.(写作话题之道歉信)
很抱歉,因为我已经有约在先,所以不能参加你的生日聚会。
13.advocate n.提倡者;拥护者;鼓吹者 vt.主张,提倡
【练会】单句填空
①At that moment China’s government advocated that everyone
(wear) their masks while travelling out.
②Now many people advocate (eat) fruit and vegetables rather than meat.
③Don’t expect him to be advocate of the plan.
wear
eating
an
【写美】完成句子·背诵
④作为一名学生,我倡议我们每个人都应行动起来,以支持我们的和谐社会。
As a student,I in support of our harmonious society.
advocate each of us (should) take action
【归纳】(1)advocate that...(should) do sth主张……,提倡……
advocate doing sth提倡做某事
an advocate of/for sb/sth支持某人/某事的人
(2)advocacy n.拥护
【佳句】Some high school teachers strongly advocate the reform of the current educational system to make students develop in an all-round way.
一些高中教师强烈主张改革现有的教育体系,以使学生得到全面发展。
14.fight for...努力争取,为……斗争
【练会】单句填空
①When an animal is under attack,it will run away or fight .
②In many areas throughout the world,there are still many people fighting
poverty.
③To fight a pay rise,the employees went on strike.
back
against
for
【写美】句式升级·背诵
④In the country many workers and students gathered together and fought for peace.
→In the country many workers and students gathered together, .(用分词作状语改写)
fighting for peace
【归纳】fight against为反对……而斗争
fight with sb about/over sth 就某事与某人争辩
fight back还击,抵抗
fight one’s way 奋力辟出路
【佳句】Sam fought with his brother over where they would visit during their coming holiday.
萨姆和他哥哥为即将到来的假期去哪里参观而争吵起来。
15.have...in mind 心里已有……
【练会】单句填空
①(2019·全国Ⅱ卷)Another way of setting realistic goals is to analyze your short and long term objectives,keeping mind your beliefs,values and strengths.
②I have in mind to ask her advice when I see her.
③Keep in mind only you yourself can decide your future.
in
it
that
【写美】完成句子·背诵
④开始演讲前,你心里应该已有你所要说的一切。
Before delivering a speech,you should .
(应用文之建议信)
have everything (that) you want to say in mind
【归纳】have it in mind to do sth 想做某事
keep in mind that...记住……
bear...in mind 记住……
make up one’s mind to do sth下决心做某事
absence of mind心不在焉
change one’s mind 改变主意
【佳句】Now that you’ve made up your mind,what you should do is hold on to it.(应用文之演讲稿)
既然你已下定了决心,你该做的就是坚持它。
e across偶然遇见;被理解
【练会】单句填空
①(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)When you come such words,check a dictionary to confirm their exact pronunciations.
②All the singer’s fans are looking forward to her new album coming
soon.
③Because of being drunk,the driver couldn’t tell how the accident had come .
across
out
about
【写美】句式升级·背诵
④When we talk about 5G,it is China that has the most advanced technology.
→ ,it is China that has the most advanced technology.(用come to结构改写)
When it comes to 5G
【归纳】come to an end结束
come to a decision做出决定
when it comes to (doing) sth当谈及(做)某事
come about发生
come on上场;加油;得了吧
come out出版;出现;结果是
come over来访
【佳句】He spoke for a long time,but his meaning did not really come across.
虽然他讲了很长时间,但他的意思没有被真正理解。
重点句型透视
1.not only...but also...不仅……而且……
【教材原句】This is not only an honour for myself,but also recognition and encouragement for all scientists in China.(P53)这不仅是授予我个人的荣誉,也是对全体中国科学家的赞扬和鼓励。
【练会】完成句子
①骑自行车上班不仅有益健康,而且还环保。
Riding a bicycle to work is good for health,
environmentally friendly.
②继续做压力大的工作不仅让你感到无聊,还降低你的工作效率,所以你应该努力改变。
,but it also reduces your working efficiency,so you should try to change.
not only
but also
Not only does keeping doing stressful work bring boredom to you
【写美】句式升级·背诵
③Smiling can not only shorten the interpersonal distance but also leave a deep and refreshing impression on others.
the interpersonal distance,
leave a deep and refreshing impression on others.(用倒装结构改写)
Not only can smiling shorten
but it can also
【归纳】(1)not only...but also...表示“不仅……而且……”,在句中连接两个并列成分。可以省去but或省去also。
(2)not only...but also...连接并列主语时,谓语动词的人称和数应用“就近一致”原则来确定。
(3)把not only放在句首时,句子常用部分倒装语序。
【佳句】She not only wrote the text but also selected the illustrations.
她不仅写了正文部分,而且还挑选了插图。
2.the reason why...is that...……的原因是……
【教材原句】The reason why this was difficult was that the team had limited resources.(P53)这很难的原因是团队资源有限。
【练会】完成句子
①我们推迟比赛的原因是据预报有一场可怕的风暴。
a terrible storm was forecast.
②他们给出的原因是缺钱。
was that they lacked money.
The reason why we put off the match was that
The reason that/which they gave
【写美】一句多译·背诵
他匆匆去火车站是因为他要去接他从美国回来的女儿。
③He hurried to the railway station. he wanted to pick up his daughter who returned from America.
④ he hurried to the railway station
he wanted to pick up his daughter who returned from America.
That was because
The reason why
was that
【归纳】(1)the reason why...is that...表示“……的原因是……;……是因为……”。该句型中why引导的是定语从句,why在定语从句中充当状语。
(2)如果引导词在定语从句中充当主语或宾语,则应用the reason that/which...is that...。
【佳句】The reason why they got so excited was that their son was admitted to his ideal university.
他们之所以如此兴奋,是因为他们的儿子考上了心仪的大学。
3.there is no doubt that...毫无疑问……
【教材原句】I really admire and respect him,and there’s no doubt that he was one of the most important figures of the 20th century.(P105)我真的很钦佩和尊敬他,毫无疑问,他是20世纪最重要的人物之一。
【练会】完成句子
①毫无疑问,完全依赖消费的评级是不明智的。
it is unwise to depend completely on the ratings in consumption.
②我们从网络上获得消息,那台中国制造的人工智能获得了一等奖。
Through the Internet we got to know the news .
There is no doubt that
that the AI made in China had won the first prize
【写美】一句多译·背诵
毫无疑问,吃足够多的水果和蔬菜对你的健康有好处。
③ ,eating enough fruit and vegetables is good for your health.(without)
④ ,eating enough fruit and vegetables is good for your health.(there be)
⑤ ,eating enough fruit and vegetables is good for your health.(副词作状语)
Without doubt
There is no doubt that
Undoubtedly
【归纳】(1)there is no doubt that...表示“毫无疑问……”。此结构中that引导同位语从句,说明doubt的内容。
(2)此结构常和without doubt,undoubtedly等进行互换。
(3)在fact,faith,truth,message,news,information,sign等名词后常用同位语从句。that引导同位语从句时在同位语从句中不充当任何成分,但that不可省略。
【佳句】There is no doubt that traditional Chinese medicine has much fewer side effects than Western medicine.(写作话题之传统文化)
毫无疑问,比起西药,中药有着少得多的副作用。
4.wish+宾语从句
【教材原句】He admitted that during the early stages of living with his injury,he wished that he was dead and even thought of ending his own life.(P59)他承认,在他受伤的早期阶段,他希望自己已经死掉,甚至想过结束自己的生命。
【练会】单句填空
①There is a good social life in the village,and I wish I (have) a second chance to become more involved.
②How I wish I (attend) the professor’s lecture last Friday.
had
had attended
【写美】完成句子·背诵
③那位教授多么希望他很快就能回到中国。
How the professor wishes .
(that) he could return to China soon
【归纳】(1)wish后面的宾语从句一般应用虚拟语气。
(2)wish后面的宾语从句表示现在情况时应用一般过去时态,表示过去情况时应用过去完成时态,表示将来情况时则应用“情态动词+动词原形”结构。
【佳句】We all wish that we could help the farmers pick the fruits again.(写作话题之社会实践)
我们都希望我们能再次帮助农民采摘水果。
研真题 链接高考
(2019·全国Ⅱ卷,阅读理解B)——优秀品行
“You can use me as a last resort(选择),and if nobody else volunteers,then I will do it.” This was an actual reply from a parent after I put out a request for volunteers for my kids’ lacrosse(长曲棍球) club.
I guess that there’s probably some demanding work schedule,or social anxiety around stepping up to help for an unknown sport.She may just need a little persuading.So I try again and tug at the heartstrings.I mention the single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids aren’t even on... At this point the unwilling parent speaks up,“Alright.Yes,I’ll do it.”
I’m secretly relieved because I know there’s real power in sharing volunteer responsibilities among many.The unwilling parent organizes the meal schedule,sends out emails,and collects money for end-of-season gifts.Somewhere along the way,the same parent ends up becoming an invaluable member of the team.The coach is able to focus on the kids while the other parents are relieved to be off the hook for another season.Handing out sliced oranges to bloodthirsty kids can be as exciting as watching your own kid score a goal.
Still,most of us volunteers breathe a sigh of relief when the season comes to a close.That relief is coupled with a deep understanding of why the same people keep coming back for more:Connecting to the community(社区) as you freely give your time,money,skills,or services provides a real joy.Volunteering just feels so good.
In that sense,I’m pretty sure volunteering is more of a selfish act than I’d freely like to admit.However,if others benefit in the process,and I get some reward too,does it really matter where my motivation lies
理清脉络
真题再做
24.What can we infer about the parent from her reply in paragraph 1
A.She knows little about the club.
B.She isn’t good at sports.
C.She just doesn’t want to volunteer.
D.She’s unable to meet her schedule.
25.What does the underlined phrase “tug at the heartstrings” in paragraph 2 mean
A.Encourage teamwork.
B.Appeal to feelings.
C.Promote good deeds.
D.Provide advice.
26.What can we learn about the parent from paragraph 3
A.She gets interested in lacrosse.
B.She is proud of her kids.
C.She’ll work for another season.
D.She becomes a good helper.
27.Why does the author like doing volunteer work
A.It gives her a sense of duty.
B.It makes her very happy.
C.It enables her to work hard.
D.It brings her material rewards.
24.C
解析 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“You can use me as a last resort,and if nobody else volunteers,then I will do it.”可知,这位家长让作者最后再考虑她,如果没有其他人当志愿者,她才会做。由此可知,她不想做志愿者工作。
25.B
解析 词义猜测题。开头提到这位家长不愿当志愿者,再根据第二段的“She may just need a little persuading.”以及下文作者提到的两个例子可知,作者是想让她内心有所触动。对比四个选项可知,B项正确。
26.D
解析 推理判断题。根据第三段的第二句“The unwilling parent organizes the meal schedule,sends out emails,and collects money for end-of-season gifts.”可知,这位家长安排就餐时间表,发送电子邮件,并且为季末礼品筹款。这些都可表明她是一位好帮手。故选D项。
27.B
解析 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Connecting to the community as you freely give your time,money,skills,or services provides a real joy.Volunteering just feels so good.”可知,志愿者工作给她带来了快乐。故选B项。
语言能力
1.掌握构词知识
词根 派生 词性及词义 例句
anxiety I guess that there’s probably some demanding work schedule,or social anxiety around stepping up to help for an unknown sport.
invaluable Somewhere along the way,the same parent ends up becoming an invaluable member of the team.
anxious
n.焦虑
value
adj.极宝贵的
2.猜测生僻词词义
The coach is able to focus on the kids while the other parents are relieved to be off the hook for another season.
3.牢记熟词生义
单词 词性及词义 例句
coach I mention the single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids aren’t even on...
couple That relief is coupled with a deep understanding of why the same people keep coming back for more...
摆脱困境
vt.训练,培训,指导
v.(把车辆或设备等)连接;
结合
4.The coach is able to focus on the kids while the other parents are relieved to be off the hook for another season.
仿写:墙是绿色的,而天花板是白色的。
The walls are green,while the ceiling is white.
5.破解复杂句式
That relief is coupled with a deep understanding of why the same people keep coming back for more:Connecting to the community as you freely give your time,money,skills,or services provides a real joy.
分析:of后面是一个why引导的 从句。冒号后的句子用来解释a deep understanding,其中动词-ing形式短语Connecting to the community是句子的主语,as引导 从句。
译文:
宾语
状语
和那份宽慰在一起的是深入地理解了为什么同样的人们会一直回来做更多的事情:当你大量地付出你的时间、金钱、技术或服务时,和社区的联系会提供一种真正的快乐。
微专题 精准突破
Ⅰ.熟词生义练(六)
1.recognition(教材P53)
项目 意义 例句
熟义 n. There is a general recognition of the urgent need for reform.
生义 n. Recognition of the importance of career education in school is increasing.
n. At last,her father’s work has received popular recognition.
认出;认识
认可
赞赏;赏识
2.establish(教材P53)
项目 意义 例句
熟义 v. This city was established by German settlers in the 1840s.
生义 v.安置,安顿 After five years’ struggle,the couple are now comfortably established in their new house.
v. The police can’t establish where he was at the time.
v. His second novel established his fame as a writer.
建立,设立
确定(某事物);证实
使人接受
3.bar(教材P56)
项目 意义 例句
熟义 n. Some customers were in the bar until its closing time.
生义 n.条,块,棒 As the sun went down,there was a bar of red over the western hills.
n.铁栅;(门、窗等的)闩 There’s a strong bar on the door.
酒吧
Ⅱ.读后续写 微技能(六):动作神态描写之“紧张”
词汇积累
形容词/副词 nervous,uneasy,tense,anxious,nervously
名词/动词 tension,anxiety,tremble,shake
词块必记
1.stress out(使)焦虑,紧张
2.a flood of tension紧张情绪泛滥
3.butterflies in one’s stomach情绪紧张,心里发慌
4.tighten one’s face面孔僵硬
5.reduce/relieve/ease tension减轻/缓解/缓和紧张
6.sense the tension感到紧张
7.make someone nerve弄得某人烦心,使某人紧张不安,使某人提心吊胆
8.feel nervous感到紧张
9.breathe rapidly呼吸急促
10.bite one’s nails咬指甲
佳句背诵
1.Bill looked very nervous,and I could see his hands were shaking.
比尔看上去很紧张,我能看到他的手都在发抖。
2.He was pacing nervously up and down the room.
他紧张地在房间里来回踱步。
3.She tried to hide her nervousness,but it was clear she wasn’t comfortable making the speech.
她试图掩饰自己的紧张,但是她发表讲话的时候显然很不自在。
4.It was the morning of the World Cup Final and most of the players had butterflies in their stomachs.
那是世界杯决赛的早上,大部分球员心里都非常紧张。
5.Everyone waited tensely for the winner’s name to be announced.
每个人都紧张地等待着将被宣布的胜出者的名字。
完成句子
1.我往舞台上走的时候,感觉手心冒汗,心跳加速。
While I was walking onto the stage,I could
.(动词)
2.我的心狂跳,双腿发抖。我深吸一口气,心里发慌。
My heart beat wildly and my legs trembled.
.(介词短语)
feel my palms sweating,heartbeat racing
With butterflies in my stomach,I breathed deeply
3.当我们站在后台的时候,我紧张极了。
When we were standing backstage, .
(表紧张的名词作主语)
4.当叫到我的名字时,我能感觉我的心跳到嗓子眼了。
when my name was called.(夸张的修辞手法)
5.我紧张地站在那里,喉咙发紧,不知道下一步怎么办。
,wondering what to do next.(so...that...)
nervousness/tension came flooding over me
I could feel my heart in my mouth
I stood there so nervously that I felt my throat tight
测效果 课堂评价
Ⅰ.单句填空
A组 基础必练
1.To understand the subject better,we need to do (far) investigation.
2.The (novel) published his new novel last year,which had a striking contrast with his former ones.
3.The tall building was (original) used as a mall,but now it is a library.
4.All the foreigners will never forget the (generous) shown by the Chinese people.
5.The clown who was athletic and humorous as well in the show was the most
(impress).
further
novelish
originally
generosity
impressive
B组 高考链接
6.(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources (wise).
7.(2020·山东Ⅰ卷)However,the majority of people are (effect) speakers because they train to be.
8.(2018·全国Ⅰ卷)Running is cheap,easy and it’s always (energy).
9.(2019·天津卷)But doing any ordinary job as well as one can is in itself an
(admire) commitment.
wisely
effective
energetic
admirable
Ⅱ.短语填空
1.Many economists think that the pound other European currencies could cause difficulties.
2.With the local people’s help,the soldiers at last saved all the animals that
the cave.
have...in mind,pass away,try out for,fight for,integrate...with,come across,base...on,be trapped in,apply for,put out
integrating
with
were trapped in
3.In the emergency,what the hero was how to get the three drowning children out of water.
4.Whatever we do,we might something unexpected that can prevent us from achieving our goals.
5.The whole nation felt extremely sad when the news that the president
came out.
6.The first question is why you the position in my firm.
had in mind
come across
passed away
apply for
7.To my surprise,the disabled young man the track team and made it.
8.Remember,you must your theory practice and adequate experiments.
9.The firefighters determined the forest fire in two days.
10.People throughout the world must join together
stopping the pandemic from spreading.
tried out for
base
on
to put out
to fight for
Ⅲ.微语法填空
There are many popular literary works in Britain,among 1. Pride and Prejudice is like a shining star,2. influence on literature is enormous. However,little do we know about its author,Jane Austen,3. was born in 1775,and is one of the best-known novelists in English literature.The language in her works is simple,witty and with irony,4. can strike a chord in the hearts of its readers.Her works present the readers with a stage
5. people’s life and love take many forms.She held the belief that a marriage without love will never be happy, 6. may be the reason 7. she tried to live by her pen instead of marrying a rich man.In the 18th century 8. people looked down upon female writers,she insisted on writing,9. paid off and she succeeded.The great novelist,of 10. Virginia Woolf thought highly,was regarded as “the most perfect artist among women”.
which
whose
who
which
where
which
why
when
which
whom
Ⅳ.话题微写作(黑体部分用本单元词汇表达)
【写作素材】
1.钟南山被誉为21世纪最著名的医学家之一,1960年毕业于北京医学院并在那里工作。
2.在疫情席卷全球的2019年和2020年,钟南山不仅带领医务人员研究疫情,他本人也积极参与了武汉的战斗。
3.此外,钟先生是如此慷慨且精力充沛,以至于他经常与其他国家分享他的宝贵经验。
4.钟南山为阻止疫情的蔓延作出了巨大贡献,赢得了全世界人民的尊重。
【连句成篇】将以上句子连成一篇100词左右的短文。
Zhong Nanshan,regarded as one of the most renowned medical scientists in the 21st century,began to work in Beijing Medical College in 1960,from which he graduated.In 2019 and 2020 when the epidemic swept across the globe,not only did Zhong Nanshan lead his medical staff to do research into the epidemic,but he himself also engaged in the battle actively in Wuhan.Plus,so generous and energetic is Zhong that he often shares his precious experience with other countries.Zhong Nanshan has made great contributions to stopping the epidemic in its track,winning respect of people all over the world.
