人教版高考英语二轮复习语法专题2代词课件(共38张PPT)

(共38张PPT)
语法专项提升
语法专题二　代词
英 语
内容索引
核心考点 分层突破
专项训练 巩固提升
核心考点 分层突破
高考链接
2.(2020·全国Ⅰ, 语篇填空)Data about the moon’s composition, such as how much ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether
　　　　　　(it) plans for a future lunar(月球的) base are practical.
1.(2021·浙江, 语篇填空)She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection of 　　　　　(she), everything in good taste and in perfect order.
herself
此处表示 “她的房子是她自身的写照”, 故用反身代词。
its
由后面的名词plans可知, 此处应使用形容词性物主代词。故用its。
4.(2019·天津,单项填空) A study shows the students who are engaged in after-school activities are happier than 　　　　　　who are not.
3.(2020·山东,语篇填空)As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations(模拟) and imagine 　　　　　　(they) living at a different time in history or walking through a rainforest.
themselves
句意: 在看展览的时候, 来访者可以同电脑模拟互动, 并想象他们自己生活在不同的历史时期或正穿越一片雨林。由此判断使用反身代词。
those
句意: 一项研究表明参与课外活动的学生比那些不参与的更快乐。这里指那些不参与课外活动的学生们, 所以用those。
5.(2018·全国Ⅲ,语篇填空)When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find 　　　　　(they) alive.
them
分析句子成分可知, 所填的词做find 的宾语, 故用代词they的宾格them。
考点归纳
考点一 人称代词、物主代词和反身代词
主格(做主语) I you he she it we you they
宾格(做宾语、表语) me you him her it us you them
形容词性物主代词(做定语) my your his her its our your their
名词性物主代词(做主语、宾语、表语) mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs
反身代词(宾语、同位语) myself yourself himself herself itself ourselves yourselves themselves
注意①形容词性物主代词通常用作定语, 修饰名词。her father她的父亲。
②“of(介词)+名词性物主代词(或名词所有格)” 构成双重所有格。a friend of mine我的一个朋友。
考点二 it的用法
1.指代时间、距离、自然现象等。
It is half past two now. 现在两点半。(指时间)
It is 6 kilometres to the nearest hospital. 离最近的医院有六千米。(指距离)
It is very cold in the room. 房间里很冷。(指温度)
2.指代前面所提到过的事物、群体、想法、性别不明确或性别被认为不重要的人或动物、未指明但谈话双方都明白的事情或情况。
—Who’s that at the door
—It is the milkman.
——门口那个人是谁
——是送奶工。(it指代性别不明确或性别被认为不重要的人)
—I’ve broken a plate.
—It(=Breaking the plate) doesn’t matter.
——我打碎了一个盘子。
——没关系。(it指前面所提到过的事情)
3.it可以用作形式主语或形式宾语, 而把真正的主语或宾语放在后面, 真正的主语或宾语往往由从句、动词-ing形式和不定式充当。
It is said that all of them have gone to the cinema.
据说他们都去看电影了。
No matter where he is, he makes it a rule to go out for a walk before breakfast.
无论他在哪儿, 他总是习惯在早餐前出去散步。
4.it用在不能直接跟宾语从句的动词(短语), 尤其是表示好恶的动词(短语)后面。enjoy, like, love, dislike, hate, don’t mind, be fond of, feel like, see to等, 即这些动词(短语)后面的宾语从句前要加it。
I’d appreciate it if you could help me.
如果你能帮我, 我将会感激不尽。
5.it的固定结构: make it, get it, see to it that, put it。
If you put your heart into it, you can make it.
如果你全心全意地去做, 你会成功的。
考点三 替代词it, one, ones, that, those
1.it特指上文提到的同一事物, 它所代替的名词常由the, this, that等修饰。
one泛指上文提到的同类事物中的一个, 不表示特指, 相当于 “a/an+单数名词”; ones泛指上文提到的同类事物的复数名词; the one特指前面出现的可数名词单数, 有时可以用that来代替(尤其是后面有后置定语时); the ones特指上文提到的复数名词, 有时可以用those代替, 尤其在有后置定语的情况下。
that特指前面出现的单数名词或不可数名词, 相当于 “the+可数名词单数/不可数名词”; that 的复数形式为those, 替代可数名词复数, 既可指人也可指物。
Yesterday I lost my pen and I couldn’t find it. So I had to buy one. (it指代my pen; one替代a pen)
昨天我丢了我的钢笔并且我没有找到它。所以我不得不再买一支。
The books on the desk are thicker than those/the ones under the desk. (those/the ones替代the books)
桌子上的书要比桌子下面的厚。
No pleasure can equal that of a cool drink on a hot day.
没有什么能比得上在炎热的天气里喝上一杯冷饮那样快乐。(that替代pleasure)
2.that和one的主要区别:
that既可替代可数名词单数, 也可替代不可数名词, 常有后置定语, 一般不指人, 复数形式为those; one只能替代可数名词单数, 复数形式为ones。当可数名词前有形容词修饰时, 只能用one, 不用that; 当of短语做可数名词单数的后置定语时, 用that, 不用one。
The quality of education in this small school is better than that in some larger schools.
这所规模较小的学校的教育质量比一些规模较大的学校的教育质量好。(that替代the quality of education)
If you’re buying today’s paper from the newspaper stand, could you get one for me
如果你从报摊上买今天的报纸, 你能给我捎一份吗 (one替代a piece of newspaper 一份报纸)
考点四 指示代词
指示代词是用来指代或标记人或事物的代词, 有this, that, these, those。this, that是单数, these, those是复数。指示代词可以在句中做主语、宾语、表语和定语等。
This is what I want to say.
这就是我想要说的。
That was twenty years ago.
那是二十年前的事了。
These are not my books.
这些不是我的书。
Those are her papers.
那些是她的试卷。
考点五 both, either, neither, all, any, none和each
1.both(两者都), either(两者中的任何一个), neither(两者都不),这些单词的使用范围都是两者。
John and Mary have both won the prizes.
约翰和玛丽都得了奖。
I’ve lived in New York and Chicago, but don’t like either of them very much.
我曾经在纽约和芝加哥居住过, 但是这两个城市我都不是很喜欢。
The research group produced two reports based on the survey, but neither contained any useful suggestions.
这个调查组在调查的基础上提供了两份报告, 但是没有一份包含任何有用的建议。
2.both与复数名词连用, either与单数名词连用。
There are flowers on both sides of the street.
街道两旁都有花。
There are flowers on either side of the street.
街道的每一边都有花。
3.all(所有的, 全部的人或物), any(任何一个), none(都不),这些单词的使用范围为三者或三者以上。
All the students in our class like our teachers.
我们班的所有学生都喜欢我们的老师。
Are there any spelling mistakes or are there any grammar mistakes
有没有拼写错误或语法错误
Although Rose had suffered from this serious illness for years, she lost none of her enthusiasm for life. 虽然罗斯患上这种严重的疾病多年, 但是她一点儿也没有失去对生活的热情。
4.each可指两者, 也可指两者以上。
They each have a car. 他们都有车。
考点六 no, none, nobody和nothing
1.no不能单独使用, 相当于not a或not any, 做定语修饰可数名词或不可数名词。
He has no English books.
他没有英语书。
2.none既可以指人, 也可以指物, 侧重指三者或三者以上的人或物, 可与介词of连用, 用于回答how many/much引导的疑问句。
—How many people are there in the room
—None.
——房间里有多少人
——没有人。
3.nobody指人, 用于回答who引导的疑问句; nothing指物, 用于回答what引导的疑问句。
The meeting will be held in September, but nobody knows the date for sure.
会议将在9月举行, 但没人知道确切的日期。
—What are you doing
—Nothing.
——你正在做什么
——没做什么。
考点七 another, other, the other, others和the others
1.another既可以单独使用, 也可以用于单数名词前, 泛指三者或三者以上中的“另外一个人或物”。还可以用于“another+数词+复数名词”中, 表示“再, 又”。
Recycling is one way to protect the environment; reusing is another.
循环利用是保护环境的一种方式, 重新利用是另一种(方式)。
You have to wait for another three weeks.
你还得再等三周。
2.other 可用作形容词, 意思为“别的, 其他的”, 泛指 “其他的(人或物)”。
You can ask other people to help you.
你可以让其他人帮你。
3.the other指两个人或物中的一个, 不能用another, 此时other为代词。
The old man has two sons. One is a teacher; the other is a doctor.
这位老人有两个儿子。一个是老师, 另一个是医生。
4.the other 后可接可数名词单数, 也可接可数名词复数, 不接不可数名词。此时other为形容词。
On the other side of the street, there is a tall tree.
在街道的另一边, 有一棵高树。
He is taller than the other students in his class.
他比班里其他学生都高。
5.others 是other的复数形式, 泛指“另外几个; 其他的”。others不能做定语, 表示复数意义, 相当于“other+复数名词”; the others相当于“the other+复数名词”, 指剩下的全部。
In some countries, people eat with chopsticks, while in others, knives and forks.
在一些国家, 人们用筷子吃饭, 而在另一些国家, 人们用刀子和叉子。
Two students in our class failed, but all the others passed the exam.
我们班里两个学生没及格, 但其他学生都通过了考试。
考点八 复合不定代词
everyone/everybody意为“每个人”; someone/somebody意为“某人, 有人”, 其特殊含义是“有价值的人或者重要的人”; anyone/anybody意为“任何人, 无论谁”; nobody意为“没有人, 谁也不”。
everything意为“每件事; 所有事物”; something意为“某事; 某物”, 其特殊含义是“大致, 左右; 想来重要(或值得注意)的事物”; anything意为“任何事物”; nothing意为“没有”。
You can ask anyone for help. Everyone here is willing to lend you a hand.
你可以向任何人求助。这儿的每个人都愿意帮助你。
Somebody has parked his car right in front of mine.
有人将车子正好停在我的车子前面。
He was such a fast talker that nobody could understand him.
他讲话很快, 没有人能听懂他(说话)。
—Have you figured out how much the trip will cost
—$4,000, or something like that.
——你算出这次旅程将会花多少钱了吗
——四千美元, 或者大约那样的数目。
A smile costs nothing, but gives much. 微笑花费不了什么, 却给予很多。
常见搭配:
anything but决不; 根本不
nothing but只; 只有; 只是; 仅仅
be/have nothing to do with(sb/sth) 与……毫不相干; 与……无关
for nothing 不花钱; 免费; 白白地
考点九 部分否定与全部否定
none, no one, nobody, nothing, neither, not any 以及“no+名词”均表示全部否定; 但当not 与表示全部肯定的不定代词连用时, 不管not的位置在这些词的前面还是后面, 都表示部分否定。
None of them smoke.
他们都不吸烟。
Such a person can’t be found everywhere. (部分否定)
这种人并非随处可见。
专项训练 巩固提升
单句语法填空
1.(2020·北京昌平高三二模)Human beings love the world of nature that surrounds 　　　　　(we), and we enjoy seeing the wild world up close.
2.(2020·北京东城高三二模)Writing poetry is a privilege and struggle, in part because we need to create in 　　　　　　(we) a new way of observing the world, capturing microscopic moments as materials for our work.
us
谓语动词surrounds 后面缺少宾语, 故用we的宾格形式us。句意: 人类热爱我们周围的自然世界, 并且我们喜欢近距离地观察野生世界。
ourselves
因为because引导的从句中的主语是we, 所以该处需要反身代词, 表示 “我们自己”。句意: 写诗是一种特权和斗争, 部分是因为我们需要在我们自己身上创造一种新的观察世界的方法, 捕捉微观的时刻作为我们工作的素材。
3.(2020·贵州铜仁高三三模)　　　　　　　 is not necessary to make reservations at different hotels, find places to dine, or arrange different transports in advance.
4.(2021·山东临沂高三期末检测)On June 30,2001, he planted 15,170 red pine seedlings by 　　　　　(he) in Canada’s Saskatchewan Province.
It
该处It做形式主语, 动词不定式to make reservations at different hotels, find places to dine, or arrange different transports in advance做真正的主语。
himself
by oneself为固定短语, 意为 “独自”。
5.(2021·山东济南高三高中名校校际联考)Born in France, she returned from Paris with her father and devoted 　 　(they) to the cause of cultural heritage.
6.(2021·山东济南高三3月模拟考试)As the operatic arts developed, performers gradually took off their masks and painted colourful patterns on their faces instead, so people could better see 　　　 (they) facial expressions.
themselves
devote oneself to 为固定搭配, 意为 “致力于, 献身于”, 且此处指she and her father, 故填themselves。
their
分析句子结构可知, 此处用形容词性物主代词做定语, 修饰后面的名词短语facial expressions。
7.(2019·重庆一中高三期中测试)Many people called Cha a “hero” even though he considered 　　　　　　(he) a writer of hero stories.
himself
句意: 许多人称查为 “英雄”, 尽管他认为他自己是英雄故事的作者。从句中的宾语和主语指的是同一个人, 所以用反身代词。
8.(2019·河北邯郸一中质检)Realising it was our last high school sports meeting, we decided to make 　　　an unforgettable experience for all of us.
it
所填的词指代前面的our last high school sports meeting, 所以填代词it。
9.(2019·山东泰安模拟)While making a choice from various ways of spending the time, we ought to ensure something that restores 　　　　(we) lost energy.
our
所填的词做定语, 修饰lost energy, 所以用形容词性物主代词。
10.(2019·浙江杭州模考)Five years later, I found 　　　　　　(I) working in the offices of a movie company.
myself
句意: 五年后, 我发现自己在一家电影公司的办公室工作。宾语和主语指的是同一个人, 故填反身代词。
11.(2019·湖南六校联盟高三联考)Scientists researching 　　　　　　(it) effect on our moods are beginning to understand that we can influence our feelings with what we eat.
12.(2019·河南郑州高中毕业第一次质量预测)Originating in China, tea has long established 　　　　　(it) as the national drink of this country.
its
由名词effect可知, 应用形容词性物主代词its。
itself
此处填的代词与句子主语tea形成互指关系, 故用反身代词。
13.Taxis are certainly the most convenient means of transport, as　　requires little effort to raise your arm to call a cab.
it
此处的it为形式主语, 真正的主语是后面的to raise your arm to call a cab。
14.I don’t like science fiction novels much. When you’ve read 　　　　　, you’ve read them all.
one
此处用one泛指前面提到的同类事物中的一个。
15.The couple had one biological child and adopted three 　　　　　　.
16.Mark whispered so softly that 　　　　　but Julie heard him.
others
others是other的复数形式, 表示泛指, 本句意为 “这对夫妇有一个亲生的孩子, 还领养了其他三个(孩子)”。
none
此处none表示 “没有人” , 强调数量为零。
17.They had gone to a great deal of expense for 　　　　　　　.
nothing
分析句意可知, 应用nothing, 意为 “没有东西”。
18.This result is only slightly different from 　　　　　obtained in the US.
that
that代替result, 表示特指。that往往用来指代上文提到的事物。
19.The cells of the body, especially 　　　　　　of the brain, can live only minutes without circulating blood.
20.(2021·山东新高考名师预测卷)　　　　　 is also possible to apply the research in drug development.
those
those用来替代the cells, 特指大脑中的那些细胞, 因此用复数形式。
It
此处It为形式主语, 真正的主语是后面的动词不定式 to apply the research in drug development。