2024届人教版高考英语二轮复习语法专题9名词性从句课件(共34张PPT)

(共34张PPT)
语法专项提升
语法专题九　名词性从句
英 语
内容索引
核心考点 分层突破
专项训练 巩固提升
核心考点 分层突破
高考链接
1.(2021·新高考Ⅰ, 语篇填空)　　　　　 is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes.
2.(2021·天津3月, 单项填空)What puzzles Lily’s friends is 　　　　　she always has so many crazy ideas.
What
分析句子结构可知, 本句中的　　　is so breath-taking about the experience为主语从句, 主语从句中缺少主语, 故填What。
why
句意:令莉莉的朋友们感到困扰的是她为什么总是有这么多疯狂的想法。分析句子结构可知, 该空需要一个表语从句的连接词, 结合句意, 应该是朋友们不明白莉莉为什么有这么多疯狂的想法。所以本句为why引导的表语从句。
3.(2020·天津, 单项填空)The student completed this experiment to make come true 　　　　　　 Professor Joseph had said.
4.(2020·浙江, 语篇填空)Over thousands of years, they began to depend less on 　　　　　could be hunted or gathered from the wild, and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown.
what
句意: 为了让约瑟夫教授所说的话成为现实, 学生们完成了这个实验。分析句子结构可知, make后要接宾语从句, what在此处引导宾语从句, 且在从句中做had said的宾语。
what
由空前on可知宾语从句缺少连接词; 由空后could be hunted可知此处缺少主语, 因此需用what, 故填what。
5.(2019·全国Ⅰ, 语篇填空)While they are rare north of 88°, there is evidence 　　　　　　they range all the way across the Arctic.
6.(2018·全国Ⅲ, 语篇填空)I’m not sure 　　　　　is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere.
that
空格前面的单词是evidence, 空格后面的句子用来说明evidence的内容, 由此判断是同位语从句。所填的词在句中不做句子成分, 故填that。
who
I’m not sure后面接宾语从句, 所以用who指“我”不确定“我”和母猩猩两者中谁更害怕一点。
考点归纳
考点一 名词性从句的引导词
从句 引导词 是否可以省略 位置 特别说明
主语
从句 连词: that, whether
连接代词: who, whom, whose, what, which; whatever, whoever, whomever
连接副词: when, where, why, how 全不省略 句首或
句末 ①that只起引导词的作用, 没有实际意义
②从句语序均为陈述语序
宾语
从句 仅that可省略(句中以it做形式宾语或从句用虚拟语气时除外) 动词
之后
表语
从句 全不省略 系动词
之后
同位语
从句 全不省略 名词
之后
考点二 主语从句
1.主语从句在复合句中充当主语, 大多数主语从句都可以用it做形式主语而把主语从句置于句尾。it做形式主语后接that引导的主语从句时, that不可以省略。what引导的主语从句不能用it做形式主语代替。
How we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.
我们理解事物的方式与我们的感受有很大关系。
Exactly when the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565.
马铃薯具体是在什么时候被引入欧洲的并不确定, 但有可能是在1565年左右。
What makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer.
使这本书非同寻常的是这位作家创造性的想象力。
That she will succeed is certain. =It is certain that she will succeed.
她肯定会成功。
2.it做形式主语的常见句型
(1)It is+名词(no wonder, an honour, a good thing, a pity, no surprise等)+that从句.
It is no surprise that we will win the match.
我们将会赢得比赛, 这一点也不惊奇。
(2)It is+形容词(obvious, true, natural, surprising, good, funny, possible, likely, certain等)+that从句.
It is certain that he will come. 他肯定会来。
(3)It is+过去分词(said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced等)+that从句.
It is said that Mr Smith has arrived. 据说史密斯先生已经到了。
考点三 宾语从句
1.动词和介词后面都可以跟宾语从句。大多数动词(hope, tell, say等)后可以跟宾语从句。介词后只能跟wh-类连接词引导的宾语从句。
We must find out when Karl is coming, so we can book a room for him.
我们必须弄清楚卡尔会在什么时候来, 这样我们就可以为他订房间了。
It’s good to know that the dogs will be well cared for while we’re away.
得知在我们离开期间这些狗将会受到很好的照顾真是太好了。
I don’t think (that) you are right.
我认为你不对。
2.动词find, feel, think, consider, make, believe等后有宾语补足语时, 需用it做形式宾语而将that引导的宾语从句后置。
I think it necessary that we take plenty of boiled water every day.
我认为我们有必要每天喝足够的开水。
3.hate, enjoy, like, love, dislike, see to等后接宾语从句时, 常在从句前面加it。
I hate it when they talk with their mouths full of food.
我讨厌他们吃着东西说话。
4.sure, certain, glad, pleased, happy, surprised等形容词后也可接宾语从句。
I’m sure that they can make it.
我确定他们会成功。
考点四 表语从句
1.跟在be动词或者其他系动词后的从句为表语从句。that引导表语从句时不能省略。
The best moment for the football player was when he scored the winning goal.
对足球运动员来说最好的时刻就是他进决胜球的时候。
As John Lennon once said, life is what/whatever happens to you while you are busy making other plans.
正如约翰·列侬曾经说过的, 生活就是当你忙于制订其他的计划时所发生在你身上的事情。
The message of the film is that humans want peace, not war.
这部电影传达的信息是人们想要和平而不是战争。
2.主句主语为idea, advice, suggestion, order, request, requirement等名词时, 表语从句的谓语应该用“should+动词原形”的形式, should可以省略。
His suggestion is that we (should) change our course.
他建议我们改变航线。
3.主语为名词reason时, 表语从句的连接词用that, 不用why或者because。
The reason for the accident is that the driver was too careless.
这起事故的原因是司机太大意。
4.because, as if, as though, as等也可引导表语从句。
From space, Earth looks blue. This is because about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water.
从太空看, 地球是蓝色的。这是因为地球表面大约71%的地方被水覆盖。
考点五 同位语从句
同位语从句是用来解释说明某一名词的内容或者性质的从句。
1.常见的能接同位语从句的名词有: belief, fact, hope, idea, doubt, news, conclusion, suggestion, problem, order, answer, decision, explanation, information, thought, word等。
The fact that college students are financially dependent on their parents is nothing new.
大学生在经济上依靠他们的父母的这一事实并不是什么新鲜事。
People all over the world have a dream that they will always live a peaceful life.
全世界的人民都有一个梦想, 即永远过着和平的生活。
2.同位语从句一般用that引导, 但根据语境的不同, 也可以用其他的连接代词和连接副词。引导同位语从句的that不能省略。
—Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday
—Yes, but I have no idea why he did it; that’s one of his favourite universities.
——昨天迈克拒绝接受来自耶鲁大学的录取通知书是真的吗
——是的, 但是我不能理解他为什么这样做; 那可是他最喜欢的大学之一。
3.有时同位语从句不紧跟在它所说明的名词后, 而是被别的成分隔开。
The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city.
他突然想到敌人可能已逃离这座城市。
4.doubt后面的从句要根据具体情况选择引导词。
doubt用于肯定句时, 其后的宾语从句用whether/if引导, 同位语从句用whether引导; 用于否定句时, 宾语从句和同位语从句都用that引导。
You can complain, but I doubt whether it will make any difference.
你可以发牢骚, 但我对这样做是否有用表示怀疑。
There is no doubt that we will have an exam next week.
毫无疑问, 下周我们要考试。
考点六 whether与if引导的从句
whether与if 当“是否”讲时, 在下列情况下只用whether, 不用if:
1.引导主语从句并用在句首时。
Whether you are on good terms with your classmates will affect your mood.
你与同学相处得是否融洽会影响你的情绪。
2.引导表语从句和同位语从句时。
We should discuss the question whether we can finish it on time carefully.
我们应该认真讨论一下我们是否能按时完成任务这个问题。
3.所引导的从句做介词宾语时。
It all depends on whether they will lend us the money.
这都要看他们是否会借给我们钱。
4.与or not直接连用时。
I didn’t know whether or not he had arrived in Beijing.
我不知道他是否已经到达了北京。
5.后接动词不定式时。
I don’t know whether to go to the party.
我不知道是否去参加聚会。
考点七 that, what与which
1.that 引导名词性从句时, 在从句中不充当任何句子成分, 只起连接作用, 也没有任何含义; that 引导的宾语从句一般不做介词的宾语(介词but, except, besides, in除外)。
That he failed the exam made me surprised. (主语从句, that不充当从句成分)
他考试没及格令我很惊讶。
He is a good student except that he is a little careless.
除了有点粗心以外, 他是一个好学生。
2.what引导名词性从句时, 其意义为 “……的人/物/数目等”, 在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语或定语。what具有双重作用, 既能引导从句, 又能在从句中做成分。做主语、宾语和表语时, what可以分解成 “定语从句的先行词+关系代词”, 即常说的 “先行词+that”。
“Every time you eat a sweet, drink green tea.” This is what my mother usually used to tell me. (what 指“……说的话”)
“每次吃糖, 要喝点绿茶。” 这是我母亲过去常告诉我的。
A ship in harbour is safe, but that’s not what the ship is built for. (做for的宾语, 意思为“……的用途”)
船停泊在港湾里会很安全, 但人们把它造出来可不是这个目的。
You will know what side effect the medicine brings about. (做定语, 意思为“什么样的”)
你将会知道这种药会带来什么副作用。
He lives in what we call “spring city”. (表示“……的地方”)
=He lives in the place that we call “spring city”.
他住在一个叫“春城”的地方。
You don’t know what good students they are. (表示“多么”, 此为感叹句用于宾语从句中)
你不知道他们是多么好的学生。
3.which 引导名词性从句, 其意义为 “哪一个”, 可以指人也可以指物, 是在已知的具体的人、事、物当中进行选择; 引导定语从句时, 只能当关系代词, 在从句中做主语或宾语, 且只能指物。
Tell me which book you like better, the red one or the blue one I will buy the book which you choose for you.
告诉我你更喜欢哪本书, 红色的还是蓝色的 我给你买你选中的那本。
4.A is to B what C is to D. A对于B 就像C对于D一样。
Air is to us what water is to fish.
空气对于我们就像水对于鱼一样。
专项训练 巩固提升
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.(2021·山东临沂高三期末检测)This is 　　　　　one man in Turkey recently did.
2.(2021·山东济南高三11月联考)As I was struggling to figure out what to do, a middle-aged black man knocked on my car window and asked me
　　　　　 I needed help.
what
if/whether
系动词is后面为表语从句, 分析句子结构可知, 从句中缺少did的宾语, 故用连接代词what。
分析句子结构可知, “　　　 I needed help” 做直接宾语, 空格处为宾语从句的引导词, 在从句中不做任何成分, 意为 “是否”, 故填if或whether。
3.(2020·北京东城高三二模)After spotting the hidden piece of land in ______
first looked like an e-map fault, the group of friends set out in a boat to confirm what they’d found.
4.(2020·北京朝阳高三二模)Koch concluded six space walks and she did some experiments that studied 　　　　　　 people are able to live outside Earth.
what
what引导名词性从句做介词in的宾语, 并且在从句中做主语, 意为“……的(东西)”。
if/whether
该处需要宾语从句引导词, 根据句子逻辑关系推断表达“是否”之意, 故填连词if或whether。
5.(2020·北京房山二模)The research conducted by these vessels is providing scientists with a better understanding of 　　　　　the sea bed was formed.
6.(2019·江苏, 单项填空)Scientists have obtained more evidence 　 　plastic is finding its way into the human body.
how
how为连接副词, 在此引导名词性从句做介词of的宾语。
that
句意: 科学家们已经获得了更多的证据, 表明塑料正在进入人体。分析句子结构可知, 后面的句子解释说明evidence的内容, 所以是同位语从句, 连接词在从句中不做成分, 故填that。
7.(2019·辽宁八校联考)This is 　　　　　　my father has taught me—to always face difficulties and hope for the best.
8.(2019·江苏南通模拟)The gold medal will be awarded to 　　　　　wins first place in the bicycle race.
what
句意: 这是我父亲教我的——总是要面对困难, 抱最大的希望。此处是表语从句, 该空在从句中做taught的宾语, 故用what引导。
whoever
句意: 无论谁获得自行车比赛第一名, 金牌将授予他。分析句子可知, 宾语从句中缺少主语, 故用whoever, 表示“无论谁”。
9.(2019·江苏徐州一中模拟)Taking a boat is the only way to get here, which is 　　　　　　we arrived.
how
句意: 乘船是到达这里唯一的途径, 这就是我们如何到达的。which引导的是非限制性定语从句, is后面为表语从句。根据Taking a boat可知, 此处用how引导表语从句, 表示“如何”。
10.(2018·山东师大附中二模)My first task was to decide where I could go and　　　　　I could get there.
how
句意: 我的首要任务是决定去哪里及如何到达那里。根据句意可知设空处表示“如何”, 故填how。
11.(2018·福建安溪模拟)Success partially depends on 　　　　　you have the patience to do simple things perfectly.
whether
句意: 成功部分取决于你是否有耐心把简单的事情做得完美。设空处引导宾语从句, 做介词on的宾语, 意为“是否”, 故填whether。
12.They wanted to understand who painted the pictures and　　　　　　they might mean.
what
由该句结构可知, 空处为宾语从句的连接词, 且空处在从句中做动词mean的宾语, 故填what。
13.I have no doubt 　　　　　　my brother will pass the driving test.
that
此处为同位语从句, 连接词用that。
14.　　　　　　 or not a computer is portable is important.
Whether
根据句意“计算机是否是轻便的是很重要的”可知, 空处引导主语从句, 且与or not直接连用, 连接词只用whether不用if。
15.　　　　　　 made that statement does not know the facts.
16.Every year, 　　　　　makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.
Whoever
空后的从句中缺少主语, 应用whoever=anyone who, 它既引导主语从句也在从句中做主语, 故填whoever。
Whoever
句意: 每年, 凡是制作出最精美的风筝的人将在风筝节上获奖。whoever在此处相当于anyone或anybody who, 引导主语从句。
17.The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is 　　　　　　one can be entirely free from dust.
that
句意: 雨季最让人愉悦的一件事情就是可以完全远离尘土。分析句子结构可知, 空处在句子中引导表语从句, 且从句句子结构完整, 故用that, 只起连接作用, 无实在意义。
Ⅱ.完成句子
1.It is none of your business 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(别人怎么认为你). Believe in yourself.
2.The professor suggested 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(我们应该保持身体平衡).
3.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(令这个男孩感兴趣的) was the movable wheels on the toy.
4.We should show our great thanks to 　　　　　　　　　　　　　(任何帮助过我们的人).
5.she was in doubt _______________________________________________
(她是否能被新同学接受).
what other people think about you
that we should keep our body in balance
What interested the boy
whoever has helped us
whether she would be accepted by the new classmates
6.The fact 　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　(自然资源正面临着严重的威胁)has aroused the attention of all countries around the world.
7.I’ve put a cross on the map to show 　　　　　　　　　　　　　(这家著名宾馆的所在地).
8.The reason why he refused our offer was ____________________________
　　　　　　　(他不想依赖任何别的人).
9.You can take away 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(任何一本你感兴趣的书)on condition that you return them on time.
that natural resources are facing serious threat
where the famous hotel is
that he didn’t want to depend on
anyone else
whichever book you are interested in