高考英语二轮复习专题四第三讲语法填空 连词课件(共54张PPT)

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名称 高考英语二轮复习专题四第三讲语法填空 连词课件(共54张PPT)
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(共54张PPT)
专题四 语法填空
第三讲 连 词
类型二 无提示词类
第三讲 连 词
对连词的考查主要涉及并列句和三大从句,是高考语法填空的重点和难点,也是学生的易错点。分析句子成分,牢记从句规则用法是解题的关键。
一、思维定向——如何确定填连词
解题攻略
第一步:如何确定并列连词
如果两个单词、短语、句子相互之间存在并列、转折、选择、因果关系时,填并列连词。
第二步:如何确定引导词
如果空处引导从句,则首先要看它引导的是哪一种从句,然后根据引导词的种类和功能来确定填哪一个引导词。
第三讲 连 词
典例印证
[典例] (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)The GPNP is designed to reflect the guiding principle of“protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural ecosystems,preserving biological diversity,protecting ecological buffer zones,________ leaving behind precious natural assets(资产) for future generations.”
[分析] 第一步:如何确定并列连词。
分析句子结构可知,空后的“leaving...”和上文中的“protecting...”“preserving...”为并列关系。
第二步:如何确定填哪种并列连词。
本空连接三个非谓语(protecting、preserving和leaving),表示并列关系,因此这里填表示并列的连词。
[答案] and
第三讲 连 词
二、解题规则——判断连词的4则技法
技法(一) 并列连词——关系分析法十句型法
当空格前后是两个并列成分,如两个单词、短语或主谓结构完整的句子等,而且并列成分相互之间存在并列、转折、选择、因果等关系时,空处一般填并列连词 and、but、or、so等
典例导引
1.(2022·全国乙卷)The “First International Tea Day Tea Road Cooperative Initiative”issued(发布) at the ceremony calls for people working in the tea industry to come together to promote international cooperation ________ cultural exchanges.A four year tea promotion—Tea Road Cooperative Plan—was also issued in accordance with the initiative.
第三讲 连 词
解析:考查连词。根据语境可知,international cooperation和cultural exchanges为并列关系,所以应填并列连词and。
答案:and
2.(2021·浙江卷)In a study of 33 years of trends in Body Mass Index(体重指数) across 200 countries,the scientists found that people worldwide are getting heavier ________that most of the rise is due to gains in BMI in rural areas.
解析:分析句子结构可知,此处应用and连接两个并列的宾语从句,作found的宾语,表示顺承。故填and。
答案:and
第三讲 连 词
3.(2023·广东省汕头金中南校高三二模)“We want to investigate how microgravity affects the plant flowering time on the molecular(分子的)level ________ whether it is possible to use the microgravity environment to control the related process,”said Zheng Huiqiong,a researcher at the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
解析:考查连词。句意:中国科学院研究员郑慧琼表示:“我们想研究微重力如何在分子水平上影响植物开花的时间,以及是否有可能利用微重力环境来控制相关过程。”分析可知,how microgravity affects the plant flowering time on the molecular(分子的)level and whether it is possible to use the microgravity environment to control the related process并列作宾语,应用and连接,故填and。
答案:and
第三讲 连 词
4.Please send us postcards ________ we will know where you have visited.
5.Hardly had we arrived at the farm ________ we saw many oranges hanging from the branches.
解析:“祈使句+and+陈述句”为固定句式。故填and。
答案:and
解析:hardly...when...为固定句式,意为“一……就……”。故填when。
答案:when
第三讲 连 词
6.The Olympic cauldron(主火炬)at the snowflake themed opening ceremony of the Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games was small,________ the flames conveyed significant messages of greener Olympic Games.
解析:考查并列连词。在以雪花为主题的北京2022年冬奥会的开幕式上,奥运主火炬很小,但是火焰传达了绿色奥运的重要信息。根据语境可知,前后分句之间是转折关系,故填but/yet。
答案:but/yet
第三讲 连 词
7.Winter sports were already popular in China a thousand years ago in the form of Bingxi(冰嬉),________playing on ice.
解析:考查并列连词。一千年前,冬季运动就已经以冰嬉或者冰上玩耍的形式在中国流行了起来。分析句子结构可知,“Bingxi”和“playing on ice”为选择关系。故填or。
答案:or
第三讲 连 词
8.(2023·深圳市第二次调研)Every year,this unique firework display attracts tons of people in spite of the freezing cold weather ________ draws attention for its protection.
解析:考查并列连词。句意:每年,尽管天气寒冷,这个独特的烟花表演吸引了成千上万的人,并引起了人们对其保护的关注。空前的attracts tons of people与空后的draws attention for its protection形成并列关系。故填and。
答案:and
第三讲 连 词
头脑风暴
1.关系分析法。
分析设空前后单词、短语或分句之间的关系,确定用哪个连词。
(1)表示并列或递进关系的连词有and、both...and...、not only...but(also)...等
(2)表示选择关系的连词有 or、either...or...、neither...nor...等。
(3)表示转折或对比关系的连词有but、while、not...but...等。
(4)表示因果关系的连词有:so,for等。
第三讲 连 词
2.句型法。
①祈使句+and/or+陈述句
②be doing sth.when...
正在做某事那时……
be about to do sth.when...
正要做某事那时……
had just done sth.when...
刚做完某事那时……
hardly...when...
一……就……
第三讲 连 词
技法(二) 定语从句——4步法确定关系词
典例导引
1.(2023·全国甲卷)Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures,and the well known Aesop's fables date to the sixth century B.C.Yet,the form of the fable still has values today,________ Rachel Carson says in“A Fable for Tomorrow”.
解析:考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,指代前面整句话的内容。分析句意可知,此处应表示“正如”。故填as。
答案:as
第三讲 连 词
2.(2023·全国甲卷)“There was once a town in the heart of America ________ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co existence with its surroundings,”her fable begins,borrowing some familiar words from many age old fables.
解析:考查定语从句。句意:曾经有一个位于美国中心的小镇,那里的所有生命似乎都与周围的环境和平共处……。分析句子结构并结合句意可知,空处引导定语从句,该从句对空前内容进行修饰和限定,先行词a town为地点,且从句不缺少成分,因此用关系副词where引导该从句。
答案:where
第三讲 连 词
3.(2023·全国乙卷)But for all its ancient buildings,Beijing is also a place ________ welcomes the fast paced development of modern life,with 21st century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.
解析:考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,在从句中作主语,先行词a place指物,所以用关系代词which或that引导该从句。故填which/that。
答案:which/that
第三讲 连 词
4.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ________ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
解析:考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,从句修饰指物的先行词species;空处在定语从句中作主语,先行词species前有all修饰,故只能用that来引导该定语从句。
答案:that
第三讲 连 词
5.(2022·浙江卷)Kim Cobb,a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta,is one of a small but growing minority of academics ________ are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change.
解析:考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,“________ are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change”为定语从句,先行词为academics,指人,空处在从句中作主语,所以此处应使用关系代词that/who。故填that或who。
答案:that/who
第三讲 连 词
6.(2023·湖北省八市高三联考)As a birdwatcher ______ has lived in Beijing for over a decade,Townshend founded a website and formed a group for fellow enthusiasts.
解析:考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导限制性定语从句,该从句修饰先行词birdwatcher,该先行词指人,而关系代词在从句中作主语。故填who/that。
答案:who/that
第三讲 连 词
7.(2023·云南省昆明市高三质检)The blog has turned into The Financial Diet,________ is now a platform about“personal finance and living better”and aims to open the conversation about money,share advice and educate young adults.
解析:考查定语从句。分析句子可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,且在从句中作主语,该从句修饰指物的先行词The Financial Diet。故填which。
答案:which
第三讲 连 词
8.(2022·河北唐山一模)Moreover,the majority are mainly the post 80s youth and 90s youth,________ don't want to visit crowded tourist sites.
9.[2022·江苏南通联考(三)]The Egyptian government has great desires for the new capital,________ size is much bigger.
解析:考查定语从句。根据语境可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,在定语从句中作主语,指代先行词the post 80s youth and 90s youth,故填who。
答案:who
解析:考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,the new capital为先行词,空处与其后的名词size之间构成所属关系,故用whose。
答案:whose
第三讲 连 词
10.Two other letters are from a father to his children in Torquay,________ the museum believes they may have escaped.
解析:空处引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词Torquay,关系词在从句中作地点状语,应用关系副词where引导。
答案:where
第三讲 连 词
头脑风暴
第1步:
确定是定语从句。
分析句子结构,设空处无提示词,设空后的句子不完整,且对设空前的某一名词、代词或整个主句起限定作用,就要考虑填定语从句关系词
第2步:
分清限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句。
在先行词的后面出现逗号的是非限制性定语从句。
(1)that不能引导非限制性定语从句。
(2)which引导非限制性定语从句可以代表主句的全部或部分内容。
(3)as引导非限制性定语从句,可置于句首、句中或句末,意为“正如”。
第三讲 连 词
第3步:
寻找先行词,判断属性(指人还是指物,表示时间、地点还是原因)。
(1)先行词指人用that/who/whom/whose引导。
(2)先行词指物用that/which/whose引导。
(3)表示时间/地点/原因用when/where/why引导。
第4步:
判断从句中所缺成分,确定关系词。
(1)缺少主语用that/which/who。
(2)缺少动词的宾语用that/which/who/whom
(3)缺少介词的宾语用whom/which。
(4)缺少定语用whose。
(5)缺少时间、地点或原因状语时,分别用when、where、why
第三讲 连 词
技法(三) 名词性从句——搞定名词性从句5方向
设空处无提示词,先确定主句主谓结构,再确定设空处和空后的内容在主句中充当的成分:主语、宾语、表语或同位语
典例导引
1.(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)This is ________ they need an English trainer.
解析:考查表语从句。句意:这就是为什么他们需要一位英语培训师。空处引导表语从句,根据句意可知,此处表示的是they need an English trainer的原因。故填why。
答案:why
第三讲 连 词
2.(2022·浙江卷)Cobb,for her part,started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak ______ she could do so remotely; about three quarters of the time,they agreed.
解析:考查名词性从句。句意:Cobb开始询问邀请她演讲的会议组织者,对于她的部分她是否可以远程演讲……。分析句子可知,“________ she could do so remotely”为宾语从句,作ask的宾语;宾语从句的句意不完整,理解句意可知,whether/if“是否”符合语境。故填 whether 或if。
答案:whether/if
第三讲 连 词
3.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles'song“The Long and Winding Road”.________ is so breathtaking about the experience is the out of this world scenes.
解析:考查主语从句。分析句子结构并结合语境可知,空处引导主语从句,且空处在从句中作主语,意为“……的事物”。空处位于句首,首字母应大写,故填What。
答案:What
第三讲 连 词
4.People wonder ________ Qizai is brown,given that his mother is black and white. Scientists guess that it's due to some genetic mutation(基因突变).
5.A third reason is ________learning Chinese is simply a challenge.
解析:考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导宾语从句;根据“Scientists guess that it's due to some genetic mutation(基因突变)”可知,此处表示“人们想知道为什么七仔是棕色的”,空处表示“为什么”,故填why。
答案:why
解析:考查名词性从句。第三个原因是,学习汉语简直是一种挑战。分析句子结构和句意可知,空处引导表语从句,从句不缺少成分且意义完整。故填that。
答案:that
第三讲 连 词
6.(2023·广东省天河区毕业班综测)I ask them ________ they want to buy something and they tell me that they are all right.
解析:考查宾语从句。句意:我问他们是否想买点什么,他们告诉我他们很好。分析句子,设空处引导宾语从句,此处表示“是否”用if/whether。故填if/whether。
答案:if/whether
第三讲 连 词
7.(2023·潮州市二模)The scientists believe ________ caused whales to get so large was a change in the Earth's climate only about 3 million years ago.
解析:考查主语从句。句意:科学家们认为,导致鲸鱼长得如此之大的原因是大约300万年前地球气候的变化。分析句子可知,believe后是省略that的宾语从句,空处引导主语从句,引导词在主语从句中作主语,指物,应用连接代词what引导,故填what。
答案:what
第三讲 连 词
头脑风暴
方向1:从句中不缺句子成分且句意完整。
分析句子结构,从句中不缺任何成分且句子意义完整,应考虑that引导同位语从句、表语从句或宾语从句,此时that没有词义,也不作任何成分。
方向2:从句中不缺句子成分但句意不完整。
分析句子结构,从句中不缺任何成分,但句意中缺少“是否”的意思时,则应考虑whether引导各种名词性从句,if可以用于引导及物动词后的宾语从句。
方向3:从句中缺少主/宾/表语。
分析句子结构,从句中缺少主语、宾语、表语,考虑用连接代词what、who、whom、which、whatever等。
第三讲 连 词
方向4:从句中缺少状语。
分析句子结构,从句中缺少状语(结合句意判断),考虑用连接副词where(表示地点)、when(表示时间)、how(表示方式)、why(表示原因)等。
方向5:it句型。
①It be+形容词+主语从句。
②It be+过去分词+that从句。
③It be+名词词组(a pity,a surprise,good news)+that从句
第三讲 连 词
技法(四) 状语从句——句意法+固定句式法
典例导引
1.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)To eat one,you have to decide whether to bite a small hole in it first,releasing the steam and risking a spill(溢出),________ to put the whole dumpling in your mouth,letting the hot soup explode on your tongue(舌头).
解析:考查连词。理解语境可知,“to bite a small hole in it first”(先在它上面咬一个小洞)和“to put the whole dumpling in your mouth”(把整个包子放进嘴里)为选择关系;whether..or...为固定搭配,意为“是……还是……;或者……或者……;不管……还是……。”故填or。
答案:or
第三讲 连 词
2.(2023·广东省湛江市高三二模)No matter ________ industry you're in,you can expect to be asked behavioral job interview questions.
解析:考查让步状语从句。句意:无论你在哪个行业,你都可能会被问到与行为有关的面试问题。分析句子可知,空处为“no matter+疑问词”的结构,引导一个让步状语从句,再结合句意可知,此处指的是无论身处哪个行业(什么行业),所以填what和which均可,此处what和which在从句中作定语修饰名词industry,no matter what表示“无论什么”,no matter which表示“无论哪一个”。故填what/which。
答案:what/which
第三讲 连 词
3.(2022·湖北部分重点中学联考)________ Deng Qingming has spared no efforts to try for an opportunity to fly into space,he has always been inches away from good luck.
解析:考查状语从句。尽管邓清明不遗余力地争取进入太空的机会,但他总是离好运只差一点。分析句子结构和语境可知,空处引导让步状语从句,故填Although/Though/While。
答案:Although/Though/While
第三讲 连 词
4.(2022·江苏泰州期末)Hopefully,it won't be long ______ China operates passenger services well beyond the current limits of steel wheels.
解析:考查状语从句。希望用不了多久,中国的客运服务将远远超出目前钢轮的限制。此处为固定句型“it will be+一段时间+before...”的否定形式,表示“用不了……就……”,故填before。
答案:before
第三讲 连 词
5.________ it's body image,money,or fame,humblebrag(假装谦逊的自吹自擂)is finding its way into our lives more frequently than before,thanks to social media.
解析:考查状语从句。无论是身体形象、金钱,还是名声,由于社交媒体,假装谦逊的自吹自擂正比以前更加频繁地融入我们的生活。根据句意和空后的or可知,此处为whether...or...引导的让步状语从句。故填Whether。
答案:Whether
第三讲 连 词
6.You must hold on to your dream,no matter ________ awaits you.
7.If you don't understand something,you may research,study,and talk to other people ________ you figure it out.
解析:考查状语从句。无论等待你的是什么,你都要坚持你的梦想。根据语境,此处是no matter what引导的让步状语从句,表示“无论……”。故填what。
答案:what
解析:考查状语从句。until引导时间状语从句,表示“直到”。
答案:until
第三讲 连 词
头脑风暴
1.句意法确定状语从句引导词。
①while/when/as/since引导时间状语从句
②before/after引导时间状语从句
③if/unless/once引导条件状语从句
④though/although/while引导让步状语从句
⑤where引导地点状语从句
第三讲 连 词
2.固定句式法确定状语从句引导词。
①so/such...that...如此……以至于……
②not...until...直到……才……
③It will/won't be+一段时间+before...
没过多长时间就/过了多长时间才……
④It is some time(一段时间)+since...自从……以来已经多长时间了
⑤whether...or(not) ...无论……还是……(引导让步状语从句)
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Test 1
(2023·湖北武汉市高三四月质检)As the morning sun went above the hills,Liu Dachun's wife was guiding her cow through the wetland,while Liu's daughter,a college art student,spotted the pair and 1.________(pencil) a quick drawing.
Shiyanping,a traditional Tujia village,has 182 well preserved buildings 2.________ (construct) in the typical wooden building style,3.________(most) built in the Ming and Qing dynasties.In 2013,the ancient architecture complex 4.________(recognize) as one of the nation's major historical and cultural sites.
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In recent years,the village's unique building complex,as well as other Tujia cultural activities,have attracted a stream of tourists.The village received more than 100,000 visits and achieved 5.________ income of about 5 million yuan from tourism in 2022.
Liu Dachun,a skilled farmer,is hard at work preparing for spring plowing
(犁地).He has tried out the rice fish farming system,6.________ not only benefits the environment but also local residents.According to Liu,fish raised in rice fields are more popular among consumers as they are environmentally friendly—the fish waste can add natural fertility to the soil 7.________ hence promote rice output.Quan Xiping,another 59 year old villager,was among the
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first in the village 8.________(establish) a family run hotel.Meanwhile,his son started an online specialty store,capitalizing on the rapid 9.________(grow)of rural tourism in the area.His e commerce business is working more efficiently due to the village's 10.________(rise)appeal.
【语篇解读】 本文主要介绍了土家族乡村——十堰坪近年来的发展变化。
1.解析:考查时态。分析句子可知,空处在句中与spotted并列作谓语,二者形式应一致,所以空处应用所给动词的过去式。pencil作动词,意为“用铅笔写(或画、做记号)”。故填pencil(l)ed。
答案:pencil(l)ed
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2.解析:考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,句中已有谓语动词has,空处应填非谓语动词作定语,修饰名词buildings;construct与buildings是动宾关系,所以空处应用过去分词形式。故填constructed。
答案:constructed
3.解析:考查副词。空处作状语修饰动词built,应用副词形式。表示“多半”应用副词mostly。故填mostly。
答案:mostly
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4.解析:考查时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子可知,空处在句中作谓语。recognize与主语the ancient architecture complex是动宾关系,再结合时间状语in 2013可知,此处应用一般过去时的被动语态。主语为单数,be动词用was。故填was recognized。
答案:was recognized
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5.解析:考查冠词。“an income of+数词”为固定搭配,意为“收入为……”。故填an。
知识拓展 “不定冠词+名词+of+数词”常见用法总结
an area of...面积为……
a population of...人口为……
a height of...高度为……
a distance of...距离为……
a length of...长度为……
an average of...平均值为……
a speed of...速度为……
a price of...价格为……
答案:an
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6.解析:考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,在从句中作主语,代指前面的句子,所以应用关系代词which。
答案:which
7.解析:考查连词。句意:鱼的排泄物可以增加土壤的自然肥力,从而提高稻米产量。根据句意可知,空处前后是并列关系,故填and。
答案:and
8.解析:考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,句中已有be动词was,空处应填非谓语动词作定语。当名词前有the first修饰时,其后常用动词不定式作定语。故填to establish。
答案:to establish
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9.解析:考查名词。分析句子成分可知,空前有形容词rapid,空后有介词of,空处应用名词形式作介词on的宾语。故填growth。
答案:growth
10.解析:考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,句中已有谓语is working,空处应填非谓语动词作定语,修饰名词appeal。rise与appeal是主谓关系,所以空处应用现在分词形式,rising appeal表示“正在上升的吸引力”。故填rising。
答案:rising
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Test 2
(2023·重庆市巴蜀中学高三适应性月考)In less than 2 months,the program ChatGPT 1.________(become)a cultural sensation.It is freely 2.________(access) through a web portal created by the tool's developer,OpenAI.The program—which automatically creates text 3.________ (base)on written prompts—is so popular that it's likely to be“at capacity right now”if you attempt to use it.
ChatGPT was developed with 4.________ technique called Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback to train the language model,5.________(enable) it to be very conversational.6.______,as the website states,“ChatGPT sometimes writes answers that sound reasonable but actually incorrect.”
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Many concerns relate to 7.________ ChatGPT will change education.It certainly can write essays about a range of 8.________(topic).If anything,the implications for education may push teachers to rethink their courses in innovative ways and give assignments that aren't 9.________(easy) solved by AI.That could be for the best.
More worrisome 10.________(be) the effects of ChatGPT on writing scientific papers.In a recent study,abstracts created by ChatGPT were submitted to academic reviewers,who only caught 63% of these fakes.That's a lot of AI generated text that could find its way into the literature soon.
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【语篇解读】 本文主要介绍了人工智能ChatGPT的相关信息。
1.解析:考查时态和主谓一致。分析句子可知,空处在句中作谓语。根据语境可知,此处表示发生在过去的事情对现在造成的影响,所以用现在完成时。主语the program ChatGPT为单数含义,助动词用has。故填has become。
答案:has become
2.解析:考查形容词或语态。分析句子可知,空处在系动词后,应用形容词作表语。accessible意为“可使用的;可进入的”。本句中的It指代ChatGPT,空处所给提示词access作动词,表示“访问,进入”,access与主语It之间为动宾关系,所以还可以用access的过去分词形式。故填accessible/accessed。
答案:accessible/accessed
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3.解析:考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知,“________(base)on written prompts”作状语。(be)based on是固定搭配,意为“根据”,此处表示“根据书面提示自动创建文本”。故填based。
答案:based
4.解析:考查冠词。此处表示“一种叫作Reinforcement Learning的技术”,是泛指,故空处用不定冠词。technique的读音以辅音音素开头,故填a。
答案:a
5.解析:考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知,句中已有谓语was developed,所以空处应填非谓语动词。“________(enable)it to be very conversational”作状语,此处表示自然而然的结果,故空处用现在分词形式。故填enabling。
答案:enabling
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6.解析:考查副词。句意:然而,正如网站所说,“ChatGPT有时会写出听起来合理但实际上不正确的回答。”空处表转折,前句在讲ChatGPT的好处,后句在讲它的不足,两句之间用However或Nevertheless连接。故填However/Nevertheless。
答案:However/Nevertheless
7.解析:考查宾语从句。分析句子可知,空处引导宾语从句,该从句作介词to的宾语,从句中缺状语。且根据语境可知,此处表示“ChatGPT将如何改变教育”。故填how。
答案:how
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8.解析:考查名词的数。根据空前的a range of可知,此处应用名词的复数形式。故填topics。
答案:topics
9.解析:考查副词。分析句子可知,空处作状语,修饰动词solved,应用副词形式。故填easily。
答案:easily
10.解析:考查时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,空处在句中作系动词,此处为倒装句,表语提前,主语the effects是复数形式。根据上文可知,此处应用一般现在时态。故填are。
答案:are