2024届高考英语二轮复习专题四第四讲冠词、代词和介词课件(共67张PPT)
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| 名称 | 2024届高考英语二轮复习专题四第四讲冠词、代词和介词课件(共67张PPT) |  | |
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| 更新时间 | 2024-02-04 11:57:55 | ||
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(共67张PPT)
专题四 语法填空
第四讲 冠词、代词和介词
语法项目Ⅰ 冠词
冠词是语法填空的常考点，经常考查不定冠词a、an和定冠词the的基本用法和固定搭配。解答冠词类题目时，空后有名词且两者搭配在一起表示泛指含义时，要考虑不定冠词a/an；有序数词、形容词或副词最高级、表示特指或特指意义的形容词或副词比较级等形式时，要考虑定冠词the；空处前后的词与冠词构成的固定搭配要牢记。
第四讲 冠词、代词和介词
典例导引
1.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)The meat should be fresh with ________ touch of sweetness and the surrounding soup hot，clear and delicious.
解析：考查冠词。句意：肉应该是新鲜的，有一点甜味，汤应该是热的，清澈的，美味的。a touch of“一点点；稍许”；touch“轻微；稍许”，常用作单数。故填a。
答案：a
第四讲 冠词、代词和介词
2．(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)Not the pandas，even though ________ language used for the medical training instructions is actually English.
解析：考查冠词。句意：不是熊猫，尽管医学训练指导使用的语言实际上是英语。分析句子结构可知，此处特指用于医学训练指导使用的语言，表特指，应用定冠词修饰。故填the。
答案：the
第四讲 冠词、代词和介词
3．(2023·浙江卷)In contrast to the court life and upper class culture represented by the Forbidden City，the Summer Palace，and the Temple of Heaven，the hutongs reflect ________ culture of grassroots Beijingers.
解析：考查冠词。句意：与紫禁城颐和园和天坛所代表的宫廷生活和上流社会文化相比，胡同所反映出的是草根北京人的文化。根据名词culture后面的介词短语of grassroots Beijngers可知，此处culture表示特指概念，应用定冠词the修饰。故填the。
答案：the
第四讲 冠词、代词和介词
4．(2022·全国乙卷)May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day，which was named officially by the United Nations on November 27th，2019.To celebrate ________festival，a number of events took place at the Chinese Businessman Museum in Beijing on Thursday.
解析：考查冠词。空处特指第一个国际茶日，所以应填定冠词the。
答案：the
第四讲 冠词、代词和介词
5.(2022·浙江卷)Cobb，for her part，started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak whether she could do so remotely；about three quarters of ________ time，they agreed.
6．(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)While you're in China，Mount Huangshan is ________ must to visit!
解析：考查冠词。句意：大约有四分之三的时间，他们同意了。此处特指会议的总时间，故填the。
答案：the
解析：此处must表示“必须做的事”，为可数名词，通常用单数。a must表示“必须做的一件事”。
答案：a
第四讲 冠词、代词和介词
7．(2021·全国乙卷)Due to ________ growing popularity of environmentally related and adventure travel，various types of trips are now being classified as ecotourism.
8．(2021·全国甲卷)It took us about 3 hours to go all ________ way around the Xi'an City Wall.
解析：名词popularity后有定语，其前应用定冠词the表示特指，the growing popularity of...意为“……的日益流行”。
答案：the
解析：all the way意为“一路上”，为固定搭配。
答案：the
第四讲 冠词、代词和介词
9．China is a country with a vast territory.In the great historical continuum(连续体)，it has developed ________ large variety of traditional housing with distinctly regional features.
10．The data is expected to give ________ full picture of the population.It provides support for making national development policies.
解析：a variety of...为固定短语，意为“各种各样的……”，且空后large的发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。
答案：a
解析：结合句意“充分描述”可知短语为 give a full picture of。full的发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。
答案：a
第四讲 冠词、代词和介词
11．Scientists have exposed that around two fifths of the world's plants are at risk of extinction.A top botanist，Professor Alexandre Antonelli，said，“We are living in ________ age of extinction.”
12．In a sometimes callous(冷漠的)world where people can be so focused on what they're doing，a random act of kindness can make ________difference.
解析：表示“一个……的时代”的短语为 an age of。
答案：an
解析：make a difference 意为“有作用；有影响”，是固定短语。
答案：a
第四讲 冠词、代词和介词
头脑风暴
1.不定冠词a/an。
分析句子结构发现，空后有单数可数名词，搭配后表示泛指时，应考虑用不定冠词a/an。
用不定冠词 a/an 的常考点：
(1)泛指一类人或物，表示概念“一”。
(2)在序数词前，表示“又一，再一”。
第四讲 冠词、代词和介词
2．定冠词the。
分析句子结构发现，空后有名词，搭配后表示特指时，应考虑用定冠词the。
用定冠词the的常考点：
(1)特指某人或某事。
(2)用在序数词或形容词、副词最高级前或有only、very、same等修饰的名词前。
(3)用在世界上独一无二的东西及某些专有名词前。
(4)用在乐器名词前。
(5)用在“逢十”的年代前，表示“在几世纪几十年代”。
第四讲 冠词、代词和介词
3．固定搭配中的冠词。
固定搭配或抽象名词具体化的名词前用冠词。
①定冠词用在固定搭配中，如：
at the same time，on the contrary，to tell the truth，in the distance，make the most/best of，on the spot等
②不定冠词用在固定搭配中，如：
catch a cold，have a fever，all of a sudden，as a matter of fact，as a result，have a gift for，make a living，give sb.a lift，have a good knowledge of 等。
③动词(catch/take/hit等)＋sb.＋介词the＋身体部位
第四讲 冠词、代词和介词
语法项目Ⅱ 代词
近几年，高考对代词的考查主要集中在代词的基本用法上，因此这类试题一般较为简单。语法填空侧重对it用法的考查。在解题时要根据语境、句意判断人称和数，仔细阅读上下文，根据代词具体指代的对象和在句中充当的成分，确定代词的格。未来高考对代词的考查将继续侧重代词的基本用法，并会加强语境的真实性和复杂性。
第四讲 冠词、代词和介词
典例导引
1.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷) ...the best xiao long bao have a fine skin，allowing them to be lifted out of the steamer basket without allowing them tearing or spilling any of ________(they) contents.
解析：考查代词。句意：除了南翔，最好的小笼包有一个精致的外皮，可以让它们从蒸笼篮中拿出来，而不会撕裂或溢出里面的东西。修饰后面的名词contents(东西)需用形容词性物主代词their。故填their。
答案：their
第四讲 冠词、代词和介词
2．________ takes a long time for macadamia(夏威夷果)trees to bear fruits.
3．It was worth it，though.I still have that golden headdress，as ________ reminds me of those unforgettable days.
解析：考查人称代词。夏威夷果树要花很长时间才能结果。分析句子结构可知，此处为“It takes some time for sb./sth.to do sth.”句型，空处应用It作形式主语，真正的主语为空后的不定式。故填It。
答案：It
解析：根据句意可知，此处应用代词it作主语，指代前面的事物that golden headdress。
答案：it
第四讲 冠词、代词和介词
4．After becoming an Internet hit，DingZhen served as the local tourism ambassador and filmed The World of DingZhen to speak for his hometown.The film soon brought ________ into people's vision.
5．However，the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months，more than 25，000 people were using ________ every day.
解析：此处代指his hometown，故填it。
答案：it
解析：指代前句中的the railway，故填it。
答案：it
第四讲 冠词、代词和介词
6.Shi Yan，chief of the Liaoning University of TCM，says he supports international students to participate in such activities，which will help ________ combine knowledge together with culture.
7．But ________ was not only her sex that kept her long marginalized and long unsung.
解析：空处指代前句中的international students，故填them。
答案：them
解析：强调句的结构：It＋is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他。
答案：it
第四讲 冠词、代词和介词
8．The history of Beijing glassware dates back to the early Ming Dynasty. ________ is said that when people smelted(熔炼)bronze，they discovered that some waste materials could form beautiful colours.
9．Every new year in the heartland of industrial China，thousands upon thousands of motorcyclists brave the weather and hit the road，determined to make ________ home.
解析：固定句型It is said that...意为“据说……”，其中it是形式主语，that从句是真正的主语。
答案：It
解析：根据句意可知，他们冒着严寒，也一定要回家，make it 意为“及时抵达，走完路程”。
答案：it
第四讲 冠词、代词和介词
头脑风暴
1.句意清，指代明。
无提示词类填空，当句中缺少主语或宾语时，一般要填代词，主要包括不定代词和it。
(1)如果空前文出现了单数名词，并且空处作主语，可根据代指的情况用he、she或it。
(2)如果空前文出现了单数名词，并且空处作宾语，可根据代指的情况用him、her或it。
(3)如果空前文出现了复数名词，并且空处作主语，用they。
(4)如果空前文出现了复数名词，并且空处作宾语，用them
第四讲 冠词、代词和介词
2.it的用法。
(1)指代天气、时间、距离等。
(2)代替上文提到过的事物。
(3)it可作形式主语或形式宾语。
(4)it常用的固定句型：
·It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他
·It＋be＋形容词＋of/for sb.to do sth.
·It is no good/no use/useless/a waste of time doing sth.
·sb.hates/likes/enjoys it that...某人讨厌/喜欢……
·when it comes to ...当谈到……
·as sb.puts it 正如某人所言
·make it 成功
第四讲 冠词、代词和介词
语法项目Ⅲ 介词
高考对介词的考查主要集中在介词的基本用法及含介词的固定搭配的用法上。语法填空题对介词的考查形式为纯空，即没有提示词，这对学生正确理解句意和知识的掌握提出了较高的要求。因此，学生应在掌握介词基本用法的同时，注意总结和积累其与名词、形容词、动词等搭配构成的短语的意义和用法。
第四讲 冠词、代词和介词
典例导引
1.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)There you will find them prepared differently—more dumpling and less soup，and the wrappers are pressed ________ hand rather than rolled.
解析：考查介词。句意：在那里，你会发现它们的制作方式不同——更多汤包，更少的汤，包子皮是用手压的，而不是擀出来的。by hand“用手”是固定搭配，根据句意，可知填by。
答案：by
第四讲 冠词、代词和介词
2．(2023·全国乙卷)Beijing is a city bridging the ancient and the modern.From Buddhist temples to museums，narrow hutong ________ royal palaces，it is home to more than 3，000 years of glorious history even down to its layout，with the city keeping its carefully built system of ring roads.
解析：考查介词。句意：从佛教寺庙到博物馆，从狭窄的胡同到皇家宫殿，它拥有3 000多年的辉煌历史，甚至从它的布局来看，这座城市一直保持着精心建造的环城道路系统。根据上文的“From Buddhist temples to museums”可知，空处和上文保持一致，表示“从……到……”，用介词to。故填to。
答案：to
第四讲 冠词、代词和介词
3．(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and confident speaking English.And who do they speak English ________？
解析：考查介词。句意：他们和谁说英语？分析句子结构可知，根据句意可知此处强调双向交流，应用固定搭配：speak with sb.意为“与某人交谈”。故填with。
答案：with
第四讲 冠词、代词和介词
4．(2023·浙江卷)Thanks to Beijing's long history ________ the capital of China，almost every hutong has its stories，and some are even associated with historic events.
解析：考查介词。句意：感谢北京作为中国首都的悠久的历史，同时每一条胡同都有自己的故事，甚至有一些还跟历史事件有关。根据句意可知，空格处译为“作为”，as是介词意为“作为”，符合句意。故填as。
答案：as
第四讲 冠词、代词和介词
5．(2022·全国乙卷)May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day，which was named officially ________ the United Nations on November 27th，2019.To celebrate the festival，a number of events took place at the Chinese Businessman Museum in Beijing on Thursday.
6．(2021·浙江卷)The study found that between 1985 and 2017，average rural BMI increased ________ 2.1 in women and men.
解析：考查介词。句意：今年5月21日是第一个国际茶日，该节日由联合国于2019年11月27日正式命名。由句意可知，空后的the United Nations是前面was named officially这一动作的执行者，故应填介词by。
答案：by
解析：此处表示升高的幅度，应用介词by。
答案：by
第四讲 冠词、代词和介词
7.The Arctic is ________ great importance，among other things，for the environment，trade，investment，energy and security.
8．Deng Qingming joined the PLA Air Force in June 1984 and started training ________ a pilot at a flight college in Hebei Province.
解析：考查介词的固定搭配。此处be of great importance是固定词组，表示“非常重要的”，相当于very important，故填介词of。
答案：of
解析：考查介词的基本用法。邓清明在1984年6月加入中国人民解放军空军，并开始作为一名飞行员在河北省的一所飞行学院接受培训。此处应用as表示“作为”。
答案：as
第四讲 冠词、代词和介词
9．(2023·深圳市高三第二次调研)Some of the painting express this theme，which could move visitors ________ tears.
10．(2023·广东省汕头金中南校高三二模)We have to find a sustainable food source ______ long term space explorations.
解析：考查介词。句意：有些画作表达了这一主题，能让参观者感动落泪。move sb.to/into tears为固定短语，意为“使某人感动落泪”。故填to或into。
答案：into
解析：考查介词。句意：我们必须为长期的太空探索找到一种可持续的食物来源。分析可知，设空处为介词，后接名词，意为“为，为了”，故填for。
答案：for
第四讲 冠词、代词和介词
11．There are two rules：the project must be made of food，and it must be based ________ a book.
12．And now the ground floor of his small house is filled from floor to ceiling __________ some 20，000 books，ranging from chemistry textbooks to classics for kids.
解析：考查介词的固定搭配。be based on为固定搭配，表示“以……为基础”。故填on。
答案：on
解析：考查介词的固定搭配。现在，他的小房子的一层从地板到天花板堆满了大约2万本书，从化学课本到儿童经典名著。be filled with为固定搭配，表示“充满……，装满……”。故填with。
答案：with
第四讲 冠词、代词和介词
13．At present，the city has more than 20 million people.But its population will double ______ 40 million by 2050.
14．Given what we know about colours and their many symbolic meanings，it seems like it'd be safe to assume that each colour featured in the Olympic rings would stand ________ something specific，like a continent.
解析：考查介词的基本用法。根据语境可知，此处用介词to表示“达到”。
答案：to
解析：考查介词的固定搭配。此处用stand for表示“代表”，故填for。
答案：for
第四讲 冠词、代词和介词
15．The pleasant changes are made possible ________ the help of my teachers and schoolmates.
解析：考查介词的固定搭配。此处指的是“在我的老师和同学们的帮助下”，with the help of为固定短语，表示“在……的帮助下”，故填介词with。
答案：with
第四讲 冠词、代词和介词
16.Our modern economy couldn't function ________ a system for the nurturing of our youngest citizens.
解析：考查介词的基本用法。没有一套培养最年轻公民的体系，我们的现代经济不可能正常运转。根据句意可知，本空应用介词without，表示“没有”。故填without。
答案：without
第四讲 冠词、代词和介词
17．Thanks ________ the constant efforts to improve the ecological environment in the Qinling Mountains，the population of giant pandas has increased in recent years.
解析：考查介词的固定搭配。由于不断努力改善秦岭的生态环境，大熊猫的数量近年来有所增加。thanks to是固定搭配，意为“多亏，由于”。故填to。
答案：to
第四讲 冠词、代词和介词
18．A successful merchant during the Qing Dynasty，Li Daquan，was visited by a friend who came up ________ a novel idea.
解析：考查介词的固定搭配。清朝时期，一位成功的商人李大全的朋友来拜访他，他的朋友想出了一个新奇的主意。根据句意可知，此处为固定短语come up with，表示“想出”。故填with。
答案：with
第四讲 冠词、代词和介词
19．Beijing was applauded and praised by athletes ________ its excellent venue(场地)services during the Olympic Winter Games.
解析：考查介词的固定搭配。在冬奥会期间，因为出色的场馆服务，北京受到了运动员们的称赞和表扬。praise...for...为固定搭配，表示“因……表扬……”。故填for。
答案：for
第四讲 冠词、代词和介词
20．China being one of the oldest and longest lasting civilizations in the history of the world，the ancient Chinese were also involved ________different sports.
解析：考查介词的固定搭配。中国是世界历史上最古老和持续时间最长的文明之一，古代的中国人也参与了不同的体育运动。根据句意，此处应用固定短语be involved in，表示“参与”。故填in。
答案：in
第四讲 冠词、代词和介词
头脑风暴
1.句意明，辨成分。
(1)锁定“介词＋名词/动名词”模式，且名词或动名词不作主语、表语，也不作动词的宾语，此时要考虑填介词
(2)锁定“谓语动词＋介词”模式，大多数情况下需要填介词；
(3)锁定“形容词＋介词＋名词”模式，考虑形容词与介词的搭配。
2．介词多义看语境。
(1)表示时间的in、on、at。
①in 表示在某段较长的时间内(如世纪、年代、月份等)或泛指上午、下午、晚上等。
第四讲 冠词、代词和介词
②on表示在具体的日期或具体某一天的上午、下午、晚上等。
③at表示某个时间点、时刻等。
(2)表示方位的through和across。
①through表示“从……的内部穿过”。
②across 表示“从……表面穿过”。
(3)表示交通方式的by和on/in。
①by后可直接跟涉及交通工具的单数名词，名词前不加冠词。
②on/in后跟交通工具时，名词前应有冠词、物主代词、指示代词等修饰语。
第四讲 冠词、代词和介词
(4)表示“用……”的by、in、with。
①by 指“靠……手段，用……方法，凭借……”，后可接名词、代词或动名词。
②in多用于表示语言、材料的名词前。
③with多用于表示工具或身体器官的名词前。
(5)of表示所属关系，意义“……的”。
“of＋名词”相当于相应名词对应的形容词
第四讲 冠词、代词和介词
3.依据句式和搭配填介词。
(1)与动词搭配。
remind sb.of sth.
提醒某人某事
rob sb.of sth.
抢劫某人某物
date back to/date from 追溯至
exchange...for ...
用……交换……
come about 发生
第四讲 冠词、代词和介词
run out of 用完
account for说明……的原因
(2)与名词或代词搭配。
by accident偶然
in trouble 陷入困境，陷入麻烦
in spite of 尽管，虽然
in turn 依次，转而
第四讲 冠词、代词和介词
Test 1
(2023·福建省高中毕业班适应性练习卷)Primary schools now attach great importance to labor education，advocating students to do activities such as cooking，making handicrafts 1.________ decorating houses.
Xue Youmei，a Grade 3 student，spent the winter holiday in Guangxi. Everything about village life was novel to Xue who was used 2.________ urban life. Xue joined her family to work at a farm field planted with Chinese water chestnuts.Xue，3.________(wear) a pair of gloves，helped her father pick up water chestnuts at the field.
第四讲 冠词、代词和介词
For Yang Liqiao，a Grade 6 student，the past winter holiday gave her 4.________ new identity—garbage sorting guide.Yang wore a volunteer's vest and recorded the situation of the garbage sorting work at her residential community. 5.________(additional)，Yang also invited her classmates to walk around the park nearby to pick up garbage on the ground.Yang's father observed labor activities offered students a chance 6.________(acquire)knowledge，which was not taught at class.
At the same time，some schools in China also assigned specialized homework during the winter vacation to let students enjoy play based learning.Some students 7.________(ask)to cooperate with parents to decorate their homes with New Year
第四讲 冠词、代词和介词
8.________(painting)．The task aimed to develop students' 9.________ (innovation) thinking.And some were required to collect physics related Chinese poems，make an 10.________(analyse)and draw a conclusion.
【语篇解读】 中国的小学现在非常重视劳动教育，提倡学生进行烹饪、手工艺品制作、房屋装饰等活动。本文主要分享了几位小学生在寒假期间丰富的劳动经历。
1．解析：考查连词。句意：现在的小学非常重视劳动教育，提倡学生进行烹饪、手工艺品制作、房屋装饰等活动。分析句子可知，空格处应填入并列连词，表示“和；以及”。故填and。
答案：and
第四讲 冠词、代词和介词
2．解析：考查介词。“be used to...”是固定短语，意为“习惯于……”。故填to。
答案：to
3．解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，空格处应填入非谓语动词来作定语。主语Xue与动词wear是主谓关系，所以此处应用现在分词。故填wearing。
答案：wearing
4．解析：考查冠词。根据句意可知，此处指“一个”，表泛指，故用不定冠词。new的读音以辅音音素开头，所以应用不定冠词a。故填a。
答案：a
第四讲 冠词、代词和介词
5．解析：考查副词。分析句子可知，空格处作状语，应用副词。additional的副词形式为additionally“此外”，且因其位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Additionally。
答案：Additionally
6．解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，此处表示“……的机会”，应用动词不定式作后置定语，修饰名词chance。故填to acquire。
答案：to acquire
第四讲 冠词、代词和介词
7．解析：考查时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子可知，空格处是谓语动词。根据上文assigned可知，此处应用一般过去时。主语Some students与动词ask是动宾关系，所以此处应用被动语态，且主语为复数，be动词也应用复数形式。故填were asked。
答案：were asked
8．解析：考查名词的数。根据句中的their homes可知，空格处应填入名词的复数形式。故填paintings。
答案：paintings
9．解析：考查形容词。分析句子可知，空格处应填入形容词来作定语，修饰名词thinking。故填innovative。
答案：innovative
第四讲 冠词、代词和介词
10．解析：考查名词。根据句中的make an可知，空处作宾语，应用名词。故填analysis。
答案：analysis
第四讲 冠词、代词和介词
Test 2
(2023·河北省高三4月大联考)Tea is an important part of Chinese traditions.As Chinese society developed and progressed，tea production has played a role in 1.________(promote) economic development while tea consumption has remained a practice of daily life.Tea has an 2.________(extreme)close relationship to Chinese culture，and its study covers a wide range of fields 3.________ has very rich content.
The history of Chinese tea is 4.________ long and gradual story of refinement
(完善)．Generations of growers and producers have perfected the Chinese way of manufacturing tea，and its many unique regional variations.
第四讲 冠词、代词和介词
The original idea is credited to the legendary Emperor Shennong，who is said to have lived 5，000 years ago.He required that all drinking water 5.________(boil) as a hygienic precaution(卫生预防)．One summer day，while visiting a distant part of his country，Emperor Shennong stopped 6.________(rest)．In accordance with his ruling，the servants began to boil water 7.________ Emperor Shennong to drink.Some dried leaves from a nearby bush 8.________(fall) into the boiling water，and a brown substance mixed with the water.As a 9.________(science)，the emperor was interested in the new liquid，drank some，and found 10.________ very refreshing.And so，according to legend，tea was created in 2737 BC.
第四讲 冠词、代词和介词
【语篇解读】 本文主要介绍了中国的茶文化。
1．解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词，空处应填非谓语动词。空处位于介词in之后，应填动名词，作宾语。故填promoting。
答案：promoting
2．解析：考查副词。空处修饰形容词close，应用副词，作状语。故填extremely。
答案：extremely
3．解析：考查连词。分析句子结构并结合句意可知，空后的has与空前的covers为并列关系，此处应用并列连词。故填and。
答案：and
第四讲 冠词、代词和介词
4．解析：考查冠词。story是可数名词，且结合句意可知，此处泛指“一个漫长而渐进的故事”，且long的发音以辅音音素开头，所以应用不定冠词a。故填a。
答案：a
5．解析：考查虚拟语气和语态。require后的宾语从句应用虚拟语气，从句中的谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，其中should可以省略，且boil与主语all drinking water之间是被动关系，故填(should)be boiled。
答案：(should)be boiled
第四讲 冠词、代词和介词
6．解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，此处表示“停下来休息”，应用不定式作目的状语。stop to do sth为固定搭配，意为“停下来去做某事”。故填to rest。
答案：to rest
7．解析：考查介词。分析句子可知，此处表示“仆人们开始为神农皇帝烧水”，所以应用介词for表示“为了”。故填for。
答案：for
8．解析：考查时态。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作谓语。由下文的mixed可知，句子应用一般过去时。故填fell。
答案：fell
第四讲 冠词、代词和介词
9．解析：考查名词。空前为不定冠词a，所以空处应填可数名词的单数形式。结合语境和常识可知，此处指这个皇帝是一名科学家。故填scientist。
答案：scientist
10．解析：考查代词。句意：作为一名科学家，这个皇帝对这种新的液体感兴趣，喝了一些，发现它很清爽。根据句意可知，空处指代上文提到的new liquid，应用代词it。故填it。
答案：it
第四讲 冠词、代词和介词
Test 3
Mohe Ballroom(《漠河舞厅》)1.________ (release)in June 2020 and featured in Liu Shuang's third album.The song was inspired by Liu's trip in 2019 to Mohe，Heilongjiang Province，2.________ he met an elderly man who was dancing alone in a ballroom.
“I was curious and danced with him.We talked for a while during a break，when I learned about his story，”said Liu，who later wrote 3.________ article titled Goodbye Evening Star.Mohe Ballroom，4.________ (write)in February 2020，is based on the old man's story.
第四讲 冠词、代词和介词
On May 6，1987，about 200 people were killed when a fire that broke 5.________ in mountains near Mohe tore through the city.The elderly man，who uses the pseudonym(化名)Zhang Dequan，lost his wife to the blaze.He has not remarried and has no children，6.________he often visits the old ballroom and dances alone to remember the times he and his wife spent there.
One listener said：“Full of 7.________(emotion)detail and poetic lyrics，the song，with Liu's whispery vocals，fulfills people's imaginations about a tragic love story.”The song's huge 8.________(popular) has made Mohe an in demand tourism destination.Visitors flock to the city 9.________(see) the ballroom，in the hope of meeting the elderly man.The ballroom's boss told Beijing News：“I was 21 when I witnessed the fire that swept through Mohe.The city was later rebuilt and its first public ballroom opened，which 10.__________(immediate)became popular among local residents.”
第四讲 冠词、代词和介词
【语篇解读】 本文为说明文，介绍了流行歌曲《漠河舞厅》及其背后的故事。
1．解析：考查动词的时态和语态。根据时间状语in June 2020可知，此处应用一般过去时，且Mohe Ballroom与动词release之间为被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态。
答案：was released
2．解析：考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词表示地点，空处在从句中作地点状语，故填where。
答案：where
第四讲 冠词、代词和介词
3．解析：考查不定冠词。此处表示“写了一篇文章”，表示泛指，应用不定冠词，且article的发音以元音音素开头，故用an。
答案：an
4．解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句子已有谓语动词，此处应用非谓语动词作定语，动词write与主语Mohe Ballroom为逻辑上的动宾关系，故填过去分词written。
答案：written
5．解析：考查介词。1987年5月6日，漠河附近的山区突然发生火灾，摧毁了这座城市，造成约200人丧生。break out表示“爆发，突发”。
答案：out
第四讲 冠词、代词和介词
6．解析：考查连词。张德全(化名)在大火中失去了自己的妻子，此后没有再婚和要孩子，因此他经常去这家老舞厅独自跳舞来怀念自己和妻子在那里度过的时光。前后句之间为因果关系，前因后果，故用连词so。
答案：so
7．解析：考查词形转换。修饰名词detail用形容词。
答案：emotional
8．解析：考查词形转换。空处在句中作主语，故填popular的名词形式。
答案：popularity
9．解析：考查非谓语动词。游客们成群结队来到这个城市去看这个舞厅。根据句意，此处应用动词不定式表示目的。
答案：to see
第四讲 冠词、代词和介词
10． 解析：考查副词。空处修饰became popular，应用副词，故填immediate的副词形式。
答案：immediately
第四讲 冠词、代词和介词
Test 4
Cybercrime refers to any criminal offence 1.________(relate)to the Internet. Fighting cybercrime requires great efforts and involves many countries in working together.
The Council of Europe has classified Internet crimes into four categories.It is 2.________ (importance) to classify such crimes，as it helps us assess 3.________ problem of cybercrime.All Internet users are affected by cybercrime in one way or another.Although there 4.________(be) an increasing number of such cases against people，crime against large companies is a bigger problem.5.________(consider) how bad the situation with cybercrime against companies has become，many
第四讲 冠词、代词和介词
people wonder why so little 6.________ (know) about this so far.The main reason is 7.________ most cybercrime is not reported.All of this is made even 8.________(difficult) by the legal situation regarding cybercrime than before.In addition，most countries do not have arrangements for dealing with 9.________ (suspect) from other countries who may have committed cybercrime.
International cooperation is the only approach 10.________ solving this problem. Therefore，let's make joint efforts to fight against cybercrime.
第四讲 冠词、代词和介词
【语篇解读】 本文为说明文，介绍了网络犯罪的定义和分类，并呼吁全世界联手解决网络犯罪。
1．解析：考查非谓语动词。be related to表示“与……有关”，故此处用过去分词作后置定语。
答案：related
2．解析：考查词形转换。此处为“It is＋adj.＋to do sth.”句型，空处应用形容词。
答案：important
3．解析：考查定冠词。此处特指网络犯罪的问题，故用定冠词the。
答案：the
第四讲 冠词、代词和介词
4．解析：考查动词的时态和语态。there be 句型中be动词的数应与其后的主语保持一致，从句的主语为an increasing number of such cases，中心词是cases，为复数名词，此处应用be动词的复数形式，且根据主句中的is可知，此处也应用一般现在时，故填are。
答案：are
5．解析：考查非谓语动词。此处用consider的现在分词形式considering，表示“考虑到”；因其位于句首，还要注意首字母大写。
答案：Considering
第四讲 冠词、代词和介词
6．解析：考查时态、语态的主谓一致。根据宾语从句的时间状语so far“迄今为止”可知，此处要用现在完成时；此处表示“很多人想知道为什么到目前为止对此知之甚少”，不定代词little作宾语从句的主语，从句的谓语动词用单数形式，且little与动词know之间为被动关系，应用被动语态。故填has been known。
答案：has been known
7．解析：考查表语从句。主要原因是大多数网络犯罪没有被报告。空处引导表语从句，且从句的成分与意义完整，故填that。
答案：that
第四讲 冠词、代词和介词
8．解析：考查形容词比较级。句尾有than before 表示与过去相比，故用比较级形式。
答案：more difficult
9．解析：考查名词复数。suspect作名词表示“嫌疑犯”，由后面的“from other countries”可知，嫌疑犯不止一个，故用其复数形式。
答案：suspects
10．解析：考查介词。approach to 是固定搭配，表示“……的方法”，to是介词，后面用动名词作宾语。
答案：to
专题四 语法填空
第四讲 冠词、代词和介词
语法项目Ⅰ 冠词
冠词是语法填空的常考点，经常考查不定冠词a、an和定冠词the的基本用法和固定搭配。解答冠词类题目时，空后有名词且两者搭配在一起表示泛指含义时，要考虑不定冠词a/an；有序数词、形容词或副词最高级、表示特指或特指意义的形容词或副词比较级等形式时，要考虑定冠词the；空处前后的词与冠词构成的固定搭配要牢记。
第四讲 冠词、代词和介词
典例导引
1.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)The meat should be fresh with ________ touch of sweetness and the surrounding soup hot，clear and delicious.
解析：考查冠词。句意：肉应该是新鲜的，有一点甜味，汤应该是热的，清澈的，美味的。a touch of“一点点；稍许”；touch“轻微；稍许”，常用作单数。故填a。
答案：a
第四讲 冠词、代词和介词
2．(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)Not the pandas，even though ________ language used for the medical training instructions is actually English.
解析：考查冠词。句意：不是熊猫，尽管医学训练指导使用的语言实际上是英语。分析句子结构可知，此处特指用于医学训练指导使用的语言，表特指，应用定冠词修饰。故填the。
答案：the
第四讲 冠词、代词和介词
3．(2023·浙江卷)In contrast to the court life and upper class culture represented by the Forbidden City，the Summer Palace，and the Temple of Heaven，the hutongs reflect ________ culture of grassroots Beijingers.
解析：考查冠词。句意：与紫禁城颐和园和天坛所代表的宫廷生活和上流社会文化相比，胡同所反映出的是草根北京人的文化。根据名词culture后面的介词短语of grassroots Beijngers可知，此处culture表示特指概念，应用定冠词the修饰。故填the。
答案：the
第四讲 冠词、代词和介词
4．(2022·全国乙卷)May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day，which was named officially by the United Nations on November 27th，2019.To celebrate ________festival，a number of events took place at the Chinese Businessman Museum in Beijing on Thursday.
解析：考查冠词。空处特指第一个国际茶日，所以应填定冠词the。
答案：the
第四讲 冠词、代词和介词
5.(2022·浙江卷)Cobb，for her part，started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak whether she could do so remotely；about three quarters of ________ time，they agreed.
6．(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)While you're in China，Mount Huangshan is ________ must to visit!
解析：考查冠词。句意：大约有四分之三的时间，他们同意了。此处特指会议的总时间，故填the。
答案：the
解析：此处must表示“必须做的事”，为可数名词，通常用单数。a must表示“必须做的一件事”。
答案：a
第四讲 冠词、代词和介词
7．(2021·全国乙卷)Due to ________ growing popularity of environmentally related and adventure travel，various types of trips are now being classified as ecotourism.
8．(2021·全国甲卷)It took us about 3 hours to go all ________ way around the Xi'an City Wall.
解析：名词popularity后有定语，其前应用定冠词the表示特指，the growing popularity of...意为“……的日益流行”。
答案：the
解析：all the way意为“一路上”，为固定搭配。
答案：the
第四讲 冠词、代词和介词
9．China is a country with a vast territory.In the great historical continuum(连续体)，it has developed ________ large variety of traditional housing with distinctly regional features.
10．The data is expected to give ________ full picture of the population.It provides support for making national development policies.
解析：a variety of...为固定短语，意为“各种各样的……”，且空后large的发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。
答案：a
解析：结合句意“充分描述”可知短语为 give a full picture of。full的发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。
答案：a
第四讲 冠词、代词和介词
11．Scientists have exposed that around two fifths of the world's plants are at risk of extinction.A top botanist，Professor Alexandre Antonelli，said，“We are living in ________ age of extinction.”
12．In a sometimes callous(冷漠的)world where people can be so focused on what they're doing，a random act of kindness can make ________difference.
解析：表示“一个……的时代”的短语为 an age of。
答案：an
解析：make a difference 意为“有作用；有影响”，是固定短语。
答案：a
第四讲 冠词、代词和介词
头脑风暴
1.不定冠词a/an。
分析句子结构发现，空后有单数可数名词，搭配后表示泛指时，应考虑用不定冠词a/an。
用不定冠词 a/an 的常考点：
(1)泛指一类人或物，表示概念“一”。
(2)在序数词前，表示“又一，再一”。
第四讲 冠词、代词和介词
2．定冠词the。
分析句子结构发现，空后有名词，搭配后表示特指时，应考虑用定冠词the。
用定冠词the的常考点：
(1)特指某人或某事。
(2)用在序数词或形容词、副词最高级前或有only、very、same等修饰的名词前。
(3)用在世界上独一无二的东西及某些专有名词前。
(4)用在乐器名词前。
(5)用在“逢十”的年代前，表示“在几世纪几十年代”。
第四讲 冠词、代词和介词
3．固定搭配中的冠词。
固定搭配或抽象名词具体化的名词前用冠词。
①定冠词用在固定搭配中，如：
at the same time，on the contrary，to tell the truth，in the distance，make the most/best of，on the spot等
②不定冠词用在固定搭配中，如：
catch a cold，have a fever，all of a sudden，as a matter of fact，as a result，have a gift for，make a living，give sb.a lift，have a good knowledge of 等。
③动词(catch/take/hit等)＋sb.＋介词the＋身体部位
第四讲 冠词、代词和介词
语法项目Ⅱ 代词
近几年，高考对代词的考查主要集中在代词的基本用法上，因此这类试题一般较为简单。语法填空侧重对it用法的考查。在解题时要根据语境、句意判断人称和数，仔细阅读上下文，根据代词具体指代的对象和在句中充当的成分，确定代词的格。未来高考对代词的考查将继续侧重代词的基本用法，并会加强语境的真实性和复杂性。
第四讲 冠词、代词和介词
典例导引
1.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷) ...the best xiao long bao have a fine skin，allowing them to be lifted out of the steamer basket without allowing them tearing or spilling any of ________(they) contents.
解析：考查代词。句意：除了南翔，最好的小笼包有一个精致的外皮，可以让它们从蒸笼篮中拿出来，而不会撕裂或溢出里面的东西。修饰后面的名词contents(东西)需用形容词性物主代词their。故填their。
答案：their
第四讲 冠词、代词和介词
2．________ takes a long time for macadamia(夏威夷果)trees to bear fruits.
3．It was worth it，though.I still have that golden headdress，as ________ reminds me of those unforgettable days.
解析：考查人称代词。夏威夷果树要花很长时间才能结果。分析句子结构可知，此处为“It takes some time for sb./sth.to do sth.”句型，空处应用It作形式主语，真正的主语为空后的不定式。故填It。
答案：It
解析：根据句意可知，此处应用代词it作主语，指代前面的事物that golden headdress。
答案：it
第四讲 冠词、代词和介词
4．After becoming an Internet hit，DingZhen served as the local tourism ambassador and filmed The World of DingZhen to speak for his hometown.The film soon brought ________ into people's vision.
5．However，the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months，more than 25，000 people were using ________ every day.
解析：此处代指his hometown，故填it。
答案：it
解析：指代前句中的the railway，故填it。
答案：it
第四讲 冠词、代词和介词
6.Shi Yan，chief of the Liaoning University of TCM，says he supports international students to participate in such activities，which will help ________ combine knowledge together with culture.
7．But ________ was not only her sex that kept her long marginalized and long unsung.
解析：空处指代前句中的international students，故填them。
答案：them
解析：强调句的结构：It＋is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他。
答案：it
第四讲 冠词、代词和介词
8．The history of Beijing glassware dates back to the early Ming Dynasty. ________ is said that when people smelted(熔炼)bronze，they discovered that some waste materials could form beautiful colours.
9．Every new year in the heartland of industrial China，thousands upon thousands of motorcyclists brave the weather and hit the road，determined to make ________ home.
解析：固定句型It is said that...意为“据说……”，其中it是形式主语，that从句是真正的主语。
答案：It
解析：根据句意可知，他们冒着严寒，也一定要回家，make it 意为“及时抵达，走完路程”。
答案：it
第四讲 冠词、代词和介词
头脑风暴
1.句意清，指代明。
无提示词类填空，当句中缺少主语或宾语时，一般要填代词，主要包括不定代词和it。
(1)如果空前文出现了单数名词，并且空处作主语，可根据代指的情况用he、she或it。
(2)如果空前文出现了单数名词，并且空处作宾语，可根据代指的情况用him、her或it。
(3)如果空前文出现了复数名词，并且空处作主语，用they。
(4)如果空前文出现了复数名词，并且空处作宾语，用them
第四讲 冠词、代词和介词
2.it的用法。
(1)指代天气、时间、距离等。
(2)代替上文提到过的事物。
(3)it可作形式主语或形式宾语。
(4)it常用的固定句型：
·It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他
·It＋be＋形容词＋of/for sb.to do sth.
·It is no good/no use/useless/a waste of time doing sth.
·sb.hates/likes/enjoys it that...某人讨厌/喜欢……
·when it comes to ...当谈到……
·as sb.puts it 正如某人所言
·make it 成功
第四讲 冠词、代词和介词
语法项目Ⅲ 介词
高考对介词的考查主要集中在介词的基本用法及含介词的固定搭配的用法上。语法填空题对介词的考查形式为纯空，即没有提示词，这对学生正确理解句意和知识的掌握提出了较高的要求。因此，学生应在掌握介词基本用法的同时，注意总结和积累其与名词、形容词、动词等搭配构成的短语的意义和用法。
第四讲 冠词、代词和介词
典例导引
1.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)There you will find them prepared differently—more dumpling and less soup，and the wrappers are pressed ________ hand rather than rolled.
解析：考查介词。句意：在那里，你会发现它们的制作方式不同——更多汤包，更少的汤，包子皮是用手压的，而不是擀出来的。by hand“用手”是固定搭配，根据句意，可知填by。
答案：by
第四讲 冠词、代词和介词
2．(2023·全国乙卷)Beijing is a city bridging the ancient and the modern.From Buddhist temples to museums，narrow hutong ________ royal palaces，it is home to more than 3，000 years of glorious history even down to its layout，with the city keeping its carefully built system of ring roads.
解析：考查介词。句意：从佛教寺庙到博物馆，从狭窄的胡同到皇家宫殿，它拥有3 000多年的辉煌历史，甚至从它的布局来看，这座城市一直保持着精心建造的环城道路系统。根据上文的“From Buddhist temples to museums”可知，空处和上文保持一致，表示“从……到……”，用介词to。故填to。
答案：to
第四讲 冠词、代词和介词
3．(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and confident speaking English.And who do they speak English ________？
解析：考查介词。句意：他们和谁说英语？分析句子结构可知，根据句意可知此处强调双向交流，应用固定搭配：speak with sb.意为“与某人交谈”。故填with。
答案：with
第四讲 冠词、代词和介词
4．(2023·浙江卷)Thanks to Beijing's long history ________ the capital of China，almost every hutong has its stories，and some are even associated with historic events.
解析：考查介词。句意：感谢北京作为中国首都的悠久的历史，同时每一条胡同都有自己的故事，甚至有一些还跟历史事件有关。根据句意可知，空格处译为“作为”，as是介词意为“作为”，符合句意。故填as。
答案：as
第四讲 冠词、代词和介词
5．(2022·全国乙卷)May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day，which was named officially ________ the United Nations on November 27th，2019.To celebrate the festival，a number of events took place at the Chinese Businessman Museum in Beijing on Thursday.
6．(2021·浙江卷)The study found that between 1985 and 2017，average rural BMI increased ________ 2.1 in women and men.
解析：考查介词。句意：今年5月21日是第一个国际茶日，该节日由联合国于2019年11月27日正式命名。由句意可知，空后的the United Nations是前面was named officially这一动作的执行者，故应填介词by。
答案：by
解析：此处表示升高的幅度，应用介词by。
答案：by
第四讲 冠词、代词和介词
7.The Arctic is ________ great importance，among other things，for the environment，trade，investment，energy and security.
8．Deng Qingming joined the PLA Air Force in June 1984 and started training ________ a pilot at a flight college in Hebei Province.
解析：考查介词的固定搭配。此处be of great importance是固定词组，表示“非常重要的”，相当于very important，故填介词of。
答案：of
解析：考查介词的基本用法。邓清明在1984年6月加入中国人民解放军空军，并开始作为一名飞行员在河北省的一所飞行学院接受培训。此处应用as表示“作为”。
答案：as
第四讲 冠词、代词和介词
9．(2023·深圳市高三第二次调研)Some of the painting express this theme，which could move visitors ________ tears.
10．(2023·广东省汕头金中南校高三二模)We have to find a sustainable food source ______ long term space explorations.
解析：考查介词。句意：有些画作表达了这一主题，能让参观者感动落泪。move sb.to/into tears为固定短语，意为“使某人感动落泪”。故填to或into。
答案：into
解析：考查介词。句意：我们必须为长期的太空探索找到一种可持续的食物来源。分析可知，设空处为介词，后接名词，意为“为，为了”，故填for。
答案：for
第四讲 冠词、代词和介词
11．There are two rules：the project must be made of food，and it must be based ________ a book.
12．And now the ground floor of his small house is filled from floor to ceiling __________ some 20，000 books，ranging from chemistry textbooks to classics for kids.
解析：考查介词的固定搭配。be based on为固定搭配，表示“以……为基础”。故填on。
答案：on
解析：考查介词的固定搭配。现在，他的小房子的一层从地板到天花板堆满了大约2万本书，从化学课本到儿童经典名著。be filled with为固定搭配，表示“充满……，装满……”。故填with。
答案：with
第四讲 冠词、代词和介词
13．At present，the city has more than 20 million people.But its population will double ______ 40 million by 2050.
14．Given what we know about colours and their many symbolic meanings，it seems like it'd be safe to assume that each colour featured in the Olympic rings would stand ________ something specific，like a continent.
解析：考查介词的基本用法。根据语境可知，此处用介词to表示“达到”。
答案：to
解析：考查介词的固定搭配。此处用stand for表示“代表”，故填for。
答案：for
第四讲 冠词、代词和介词
15．The pleasant changes are made possible ________ the help of my teachers and schoolmates.
解析：考查介词的固定搭配。此处指的是“在我的老师和同学们的帮助下”，with the help of为固定短语，表示“在……的帮助下”，故填介词with。
答案：with
第四讲 冠词、代词和介词
16.Our modern economy couldn't function ________ a system for the nurturing of our youngest citizens.
解析：考查介词的基本用法。没有一套培养最年轻公民的体系，我们的现代经济不可能正常运转。根据句意可知，本空应用介词without，表示“没有”。故填without。
答案：without
第四讲 冠词、代词和介词
17．Thanks ________ the constant efforts to improve the ecological environment in the Qinling Mountains，the population of giant pandas has increased in recent years.
解析：考查介词的固定搭配。由于不断努力改善秦岭的生态环境，大熊猫的数量近年来有所增加。thanks to是固定搭配，意为“多亏，由于”。故填to。
答案：to
第四讲 冠词、代词和介词
18．A successful merchant during the Qing Dynasty，Li Daquan，was visited by a friend who came up ________ a novel idea.
解析：考查介词的固定搭配。清朝时期，一位成功的商人李大全的朋友来拜访他，他的朋友想出了一个新奇的主意。根据句意可知，此处为固定短语come up with，表示“想出”。故填with。
答案：with
第四讲 冠词、代词和介词
19．Beijing was applauded and praised by athletes ________ its excellent venue(场地)services during the Olympic Winter Games.
解析：考查介词的固定搭配。在冬奥会期间，因为出色的场馆服务，北京受到了运动员们的称赞和表扬。praise...for...为固定搭配，表示“因……表扬……”。故填for。
答案：for
第四讲 冠词、代词和介词
20．China being one of the oldest and longest lasting civilizations in the history of the world，the ancient Chinese were also involved ________different sports.
解析：考查介词的固定搭配。中国是世界历史上最古老和持续时间最长的文明之一，古代的中国人也参与了不同的体育运动。根据句意，此处应用固定短语be involved in，表示“参与”。故填in。
答案：in
第四讲 冠词、代词和介词
头脑风暴
1.句意明，辨成分。
(1)锁定“介词＋名词/动名词”模式，且名词或动名词不作主语、表语，也不作动词的宾语，此时要考虑填介词
(2)锁定“谓语动词＋介词”模式，大多数情况下需要填介词；
(3)锁定“形容词＋介词＋名词”模式，考虑形容词与介词的搭配。
2．介词多义看语境。
(1)表示时间的in、on、at。
①in 表示在某段较长的时间内(如世纪、年代、月份等)或泛指上午、下午、晚上等。
第四讲 冠词、代词和介词
②on表示在具体的日期或具体某一天的上午、下午、晚上等。
③at表示某个时间点、时刻等。
(2)表示方位的through和across。
①through表示“从……的内部穿过”。
②across 表示“从……表面穿过”。
(3)表示交通方式的by和on/in。
①by后可直接跟涉及交通工具的单数名词，名词前不加冠词。
②on/in后跟交通工具时，名词前应有冠词、物主代词、指示代词等修饰语。
第四讲 冠词、代词和介词
(4)表示“用……”的by、in、with。
①by 指“靠……手段，用……方法，凭借……”，后可接名词、代词或动名词。
②in多用于表示语言、材料的名词前。
③with多用于表示工具或身体器官的名词前。
(5)of表示所属关系，意义“……的”。
“of＋名词”相当于相应名词对应的形容词
第四讲 冠词、代词和介词
3.依据句式和搭配填介词。
(1)与动词搭配。
remind sb.of sth.
提醒某人某事
rob sb.of sth.
抢劫某人某物
date back to/date from 追溯至
exchange...for ...
用……交换……
come about 发生
第四讲 冠词、代词和介词
run out of 用完
account for说明……的原因
(2)与名词或代词搭配。
by accident偶然
in trouble 陷入困境，陷入麻烦
in spite of 尽管，虽然
in turn 依次，转而
第四讲 冠词、代词和介词
Test 1
(2023·福建省高中毕业班适应性练习卷)Primary schools now attach great importance to labor education，advocating students to do activities such as cooking，making handicrafts 1.________ decorating houses.
Xue Youmei，a Grade 3 student，spent the winter holiday in Guangxi. Everything about village life was novel to Xue who was used 2.________ urban life. Xue joined her family to work at a farm field planted with Chinese water chestnuts.Xue，3.________(wear) a pair of gloves，helped her father pick up water chestnuts at the field.
第四讲 冠词、代词和介词
For Yang Liqiao，a Grade 6 student，the past winter holiday gave her 4.________ new identity—garbage sorting guide.Yang wore a volunteer's vest and recorded the situation of the garbage sorting work at her residential community. 5.________(additional)，Yang also invited her classmates to walk around the park nearby to pick up garbage on the ground.Yang's father observed labor activities offered students a chance 6.________(acquire)knowledge，which was not taught at class.
At the same time，some schools in China also assigned specialized homework during the winter vacation to let students enjoy play based learning.Some students 7.________(ask)to cooperate with parents to decorate their homes with New Year
第四讲 冠词、代词和介词
8.________(painting)．The task aimed to develop students' 9.________ (innovation) thinking.And some were required to collect physics related Chinese poems，make an 10.________(analyse)and draw a conclusion.
【语篇解读】 中国的小学现在非常重视劳动教育，提倡学生进行烹饪、手工艺品制作、房屋装饰等活动。本文主要分享了几位小学生在寒假期间丰富的劳动经历。
1．解析：考查连词。句意：现在的小学非常重视劳动教育，提倡学生进行烹饪、手工艺品制作、房屋装饰等活动。分析句子可知，空格处应填入并列连词，表示“和；以及”。故填and。
答案：and
第四讲 冠词、代词和介词
2．解析：考查介词。“be used to...”是固定短语，意为“习惯于……”。故填to。
答案：to
3．解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，空格处应填入非谓语动词来作定语。主语Xue与动词wear是主谓关系，所以此处应用现在分词。故填wearing。
答案：wearing
4．解析：考查冠词。根据句意可知，此处指“一个”，表泛指，故用不定冠词。new的读音以辅音音素开头，所以应用不定冠词a。故填a。
答案：a
第四讲 冠词、代词和介词
5．解析：考查副词。分析句子可知，空格处作状语，应用副词。additional的副词形式为additionally“此外”，且因其位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Additionally。
答案：Additionally
6．解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，此处表示“……的机会”，应用动词不定式作后置定语，修饰名词chance。故填to acquire。
答案：to acquire
第四讲 冠词、代词和介词
7．解析：考查时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子可知，空格处是谓语动词。根据上文assigned可知，此处应用一般过去时。主语Some students与动词ask是动宾关系，所以此处应用被动语态，且主语为复数，be动词也应用复数形式。故填were asked。
答案：were asked
8．解析：考查名词的数。根据句中的their homes可知，空格处应填入名词的复数形式。故填paintings。
答案：paintings
9．解析：考查形容词。分析句子可知，空格处应填入形容词来作定语，修饰名词thinking。故填innovative。
答案：innovative
第四讲 冠词、代词和介词
10．解析：考查名词。根据句中的make an可知，空处作宾语，应用名词。故填analysis。
答案：analysis
第四讲 冠词、代词和介词
Test 2
(2023·河北省高三4月大联考)Tea is an important part of Chinese traditions.As Chinese society developed and progressed，tea production has played a role in 1.________(promote) economic development while tea consumption has remained a practice of daily life.Tea has an 2.________(extreme)close relationship to Chinese culture，and its study covers a wide range of fields 3.________ has very rich content.
The history of Chinese tea is 4.________ long and gradual story of refinement
(完善)．Generations of growers and producers have perfected the Chinese way of manufacturing tea，and its many unique regional variations.
第四讲 冠词、代词和介词
The original idea is credited to the legendary Emperor Shennong，who is said to have lived 5，000 years ago.He required that all drinking water 5.________(boil) as a hygienic precaution(卫生预防)．One summer day，while visiting a distant part of his country，Emperor Shennong stopped 6.________(rest)．In accordance with his ruling，the servants began to boil water 7.________ Emperor Shennong to drink.Some dried leaves from a nearby bush 8.________(fall) into the boiling water，and a brown substance mixed with the water.As a 9.________(science)，the emperor was interested in the new liquid，drank some，and found 10.________ very refreshing.And so，according to legend，tea was created in 2737 BC.
第四讲 冠词、代词和介词
【语篇解读】 本文主要介绍了中国的茶文化。
1．解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词，空处应填非谓语动词。空处位于介词in之后，应填动名词，作宾语。故填promoting。
答案：promoting
2．解析：考查副词。空处修饰形容词close，应用副词，作状语。故填extremely。
答案：extremely
3．解析：考查连词。分析句子结构并结合句意可知，空后的has与空前的covers为并列关系，此处应用并列连词。故填and。
答案：and
第四讲 冠词、代词和介词
4．解析：考查冠词。story是可数名词，且结合句意可知，此处泛指“一个漫长而渐进的故事”，且long的发音以辅音音素开头，所以应用不定冠词a。故填a。
答案：a
5．解析：考查虚拟语气和语态。require后的宾语从句应用虚拟语气，从句中的谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，其中should可以省略，且boil与主语all drinking water之间是被动关系，故填(should)be boiled。
答案：(should)be boiled
第四讲 冠词、代词和介词
6．解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，此处表示“停下来休息”，应用不定式作目的状语。stop to do sth为固定搭配，意为“停下来去做某事”。故填to rest。
答案：to rest
7．解析：考查介词。分析句子可知，此处表示“仆人们开始为神农皇帝烧水”，所以应用介词for表示“为了”。故填for。
答案：for
8．解析：考查时态。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作谓语。由下文的mixed可知，句子应用一般过去时。故填fell。
答案：fell
第四讲 冠词、代词和介词
9．解析：考查名词。空前为不定冠词a，所以空处应填可数名词的单数形式。结合语境和常识可知，此处指这个皇帝是一名科学家。故填scientist。
答案：scientist
10．解析：考查代词。句意：作为一名科学家，这个皇帝对这种新的液体感兴趣，喝了一些，发现它很清爽。根据句意可知，空处指代上文提到的new liquid，应用代词it。故填it。
答案：it
第四讲 冠词、代词和介词
Test 3
Mohe Ballroom(《漠河舞厅》)1.________ (release)in June 2020 and featured in Liu Shuang's third album.The song was inspired by Liu's trip in 2019 to Mohe，Heilongjiang Province，2.________ he met an elderly man who was dancing alone in a ballroom.
“I was curious and danced with him.We talked for a while during a break，when I learned about his story，”said Liu，who later wrote 3.________ article titled Goodbye Evening Star.Mohe Ballroom，4.________ (write)in February 2020，is based on the old man's story.
第四讲 冠词、代词和介词
On May 6，1987，about 200 people were killed when a fire that broke 5.________ in mountains near Mohe tore through the city.The elderly man，who uses the pseudonym(化名)Zhang Dequan，lost his wife to the blaze.He has not remarried and has no children，6.________he often visits the old ballroom and dances alone to remember the times he and his wife spent there.
One listener said：“Full of 7.________(emotion)detail and poetic lyrics，the song，with Liu's whispery vocals，fulfills people's imaginations about a tragic love story.”The song's huge 8.________(popular) has made Mohe an in demand tourism destination.Visitors flock to the city 9.________(see) the ballroom，in the hope of meeting the elderly man.The ballroom's boss told Beijing News：“I was 21 when I witnessed the fire that swept through Mohe.The city was later rebuilt and its first public ballroom opened，which 10.__________(immediate)became popular among local residents.”
第四讲 冠词、代词和介词
【语篇解读】 本文为说明文，介绍了流行歌曲《漠河舞厅》及其背后的故事。
1．解析：考查动词的时态和语态。根据时间状语in June 2020可知，此处应用一般过去时，且Mohe Ballroom与动词release之间为被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态。
答案：was released
2．解析：考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词表示地点，空处在从句中作地点状语，故填where。
答案：where
第四讲 冠词、代词和介词
3．解析：考查不定冠词。此处表示“写了一篇文章”，表示泛指，应用不定冠词，且article的发音以元音音素开头，故用an。
答案：an
4．解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句子已有谓语动词，此处应用非谓语动词作定语，动词write与主语Mohe Ballroom为逻辑上的动宾关系，故填过去分词written。
答案：written
5．解析：考查介词。1987年5月6日，漠河附近的山区突然发生火灾，摧毁了这座城市，造成约200人丧生。break out表示“爆发，突发”。
答案：out
第四讲 冠词、代词和介词
6．解析：考查连词。张德全(化名)在大火中失去了自己的妻子，此后没有再婚和要孩子，因此他经常去这家老舞厅独自跳舞来怀念自己和妻子在那里度过的时光。前后句之间为因果关系，前因后果，故用连词so。
答案：so
7．解析：考查词形转换。修饰名词detail用形容词。
答案：emotional
8．解析：考查词形转换。空处在句中作主语，故填popular的名词形式。
答案：popularity
9．解析：考查非谓语动词。游客们成群结队来到这个城市去看这个舞厅。根据句意，此处应用动词不定式表示目的。
答案：to see
第四讲 冠词、代词和介词
10． 解析：考查副词。空处修饰became popular，应用副词，故填immediate的副词形式。
答案：immediately
第四讲 冠词、代词和介词
Test 4
Cybercrime refers to any criminal offence 1.________(relate)to the Internet. Fighting cybercrime requires great efforts and involves many countries in working together.
The Council of Europe has classified Internet crimes into four categories.It is 2.________ (importance) to classify such crimes，as it helps us assess 3.________ problem of cybercrime.All Internet users are affected by cybercrime in one way or another.Although there 4.________(be) an increasing number of such cases against people，crime against large companies is a bigger problem.5.________(consider) how bad the situation with cybercrime against companies has become，many
第四讲 冠词、代词和介词
people wonder why so little 6.________ (know) about this so far.The main reason is 7.________ most cybercrime is not reported.All of this is made even 8.________(difficult) by the legal situation regarding cybercrime than before.In addition，most countries do not have arrangements for dealing with 9.________ (suspect) from other countries who may have committed cybercrime.
International cooperation is the only approach 10.________ solving this problem. Therefore，let's make joint efforts to fight against cybercrime.
第四讲 冠词、代词和介词
【语篇解读】 本文为说明文，介绍了网络犯罪的定义和分类，并呼吁全世界联手解决网络犯罪。
1．解析：考查非谓语动词。be related to表示“与……有关”，故此处用过去分词作后置定语。
答案：related
2．解析：考查词形转换。此处为“It is＋adj.＋to do sth.”句型，空处应用形容词。
答案：important
3．解析：考查定冠词。此处特指网络犯罪的问题，故用定冠词the。
答案：the
第四讲 冠词、代词和介词
4．解析：考查动词的时态和语态。there be 句型中be动词的数应与其后的主语保持一致，从句的主语为an increasing number of such cases，中心词是cases，为复数名词，此处应用be动词的复数形式，且根据主句中的is可知，此处也应用一般现在时，故填are。
答案：are
5．解析：考查非谓语动词。此处用consider的现在分词形式considering，表示“考虑到”；因其位于句首，还要注意首字母大写。
答案：Considering
第四讲 冠词、代词和介词
6．解析：考查时态、语态的主谓一致。根据宾语从句的时间状语so far“迄今为止”可知，此处要用现在完成时；此处表示“很多人想知道为什么到目前为止对此知之甚少”，不定代词little作宾语从句的主语，从句的谓语动词用单数形式，且little与动词know之间为被动关系，应用被动语态。故填has been known。
答案：has been known
7．解析：考查表语从句。主要原因是大多数网络犯罪没有被报告。空处引导表语从句，且从句的成分与意义完整，故填that。
答案：that
第四讲 冠词、代词和介词
8．解析：考查形容词比较级。句尾有than before 表示与过去相比，故用比较级形式。
答案：more difficult
9．解析：考查名词复数。suspect作名词表示“嫌疑犯”，由后面的“from other countries”可知，嫌疑犯不止一个，故用其复数形式。
答案：suspects
10．解析：考查介词。approach to 是固定搭配，表示“……的方法”，to是介词，后面用动名词作宾语。
答案：to