(共26张PPT)
第一讲 细节理解题
细节理解题在英语高考阅读理解中占了较大的比重，而且此类题型相对比较简单，只需要根据题干中的关键词，回到原文中定位信息区间，稍加比对，就能得出答案。因此，对于这类题目要力求读得快、找得准、答得对，力争不丢分，保住基本分才能得高分。
【近3年全国卷考情分析】
知答题方略
“两关注”“一防范”巧解细节理解题
1.两关注：关注正确选项的特征：一是同义词替换或释义，即把文中语言(词汇和结构)改头换面，来表达相同的意思；二是对文章信息的综合理解和推断归纳。
2.一防范：防范干扰选项的逼真性，稍有不慎就会落入命题人设置的陷阱中。在做间接信息题时，要根据所找信息，分析选项，对比其中所用词汇，避免误选答案。必要时要对原文信息进行归结，然后比对选项，进而选出正确答案。
明命题方式
直接细节题常见设问方式：
◆Which activity will you choose if...？
◆What will you/the students do...？
◆When can you...？
◆Where can you...？ ◆Who will...？
间接细节题常见设问方式：
Which of the following best describes...？
How does the writer recommend...to readers？
How many/ much ......？
技法1 直接信息理解题——关键词定位法
在解答直接信息理解题时，考生可采取“关键词定位法”，即“带着问题找答案”。先从题干中提取关键词(题眼)，然后以此为线索，运用略读及寻读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此关键词相关的段落、语句，快速定位该题与哪一段、哪一句有关，然后仔细推敲，仔细比对所给选项与文中细节的细微区别，在准确理解细节的前提下，最后确定答案。
【解题流程】
[典例] [2023·新课标Ⅱ卷阅读A]
Photography Workshops(June 19 & July 10)
Enhance your photography skills—join Yellowstone's park photographer for a hands on program to inspire new and creative ways of enjoying the beauty and wonder of Yellowstone.
6/19 Waterfalls & Wide Angles：meet at Artist Point.
7/10 Wildflowers & White Balance: meet at Washburn Trailhead in Chittenden parking area.
23．Where will the participants meet for the July 10 photography workshop
A．Artist Point.
B．Washburn Trailhead.
C．Canyon Village Store.
D．Visitor Education Center.
[解析] 细节理解题。根据题干中的关键词“July 10 photography workshop”定位到选段最后一句“7/10 Wildflowers & White Balance: meet at Washburn Trailhead in Chittenden parking area.”可知，7月10日参加者要在“Washburn Trailhead”碰面。
技法2 间接信息理解题——二次加工慎判定
为了更好地考查考生的语言能力和思维品质，命题人往往会对具体细节信息加以修饰或转换，以间接的方式来考查考生。如果说直接信息理解题是直来直去考，那么间接信息理解题则是拐弯抹角考。直接信息理解题检索出信息就可得出答案，而间接信息理解题需对检索出的信息进行二次加工才能得出答案。
1．同义转换法
使用同根词、同义词或近义词甚至反义词来替换关键词，例如使用ask来替换文中的require，使用less different来替换文中的more in common等。
【解题流程】
[典例1] [2023·新课标Ⅱ卷阅读D]Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps people recognize and take part in the activities that are most satisfying and meaningful to them. For example, the experience of walking along the edge of water might be satisfying for a young professional on a weekend hike in the park. Back downtown during a workday，they can enjoy a more domestic form of this interaction by walking along a fountain on their lunch break.
“We're trying to generate a language that helps bring the human nature interactions back into our daily lives. And for that to happen, we also need to protect nature so that we can interact with it，” said Peter Kahn，a senior author of the study.
35．What should be done before we can interact with nature according to Kahn
A．Language study.
B．Environmental conservation.
C．Public education.
D．Intercultural communication.
[解析] 细节理解题。利用原词复现解题。由题干中的关键词“interact”定位到原文关键句“And for that to happen，we also need to protect nature so that we can interact with it”可知，我们在与大自然互动以前需要保护自然。
[典例2] [2022·新高考Ⅰ卷阅读A]An essay not submitted in class on the due date will lose a letter grade for each class period it is late. If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zero. Daily assignments not completed during class will get a zero. Short writings missed as a result of an excused absence will be accepted.
23．What will happen if you submit an essay one week after the due date
A．You will receive a zero.
B．You will lose a letter grade.
C．You will be given a test.
D．You will have to rewrite it.
[解析] 细节理解题。由题干中的关键词“submit”定位到原文关键句为 “If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zero.” ，比对选项和信息句可知，如果你在截止日期过后一周才上交，你的成绩将会是零分。submit 与turn in为同义转述。
2．归纳概括考分析综合
为了增加细节信息试题的难度，命题人有时候也会采用较为概括的方式来进行命题，一个细节信息试题涉及一段或者几段的具体内容，需要考生进行概括和归纳后才能得出答案。虽然此类试题各个细节信息都能在文章中找到，但需要考生具有一定的概括和归纳能力。
【解题流程】
[典例3] [2023·新课标Ⅰ卷阅读B]When John Todd was a child，he loved to explore the woods around his house，observing how nature solved problems. A dirty stream，for example，often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older，John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.
After studying agriculture，medicine，and fisheries in college，John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌) Which kinds of fish can eat cancer causing chemicals With the right combination of animals and plants，he figured，maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an eco machine.
24．What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs
A．He was fond of traveling.
B．He enjoyed being alone.
C．He had an inquiring mind.
D．He longed to be a doctor.
[解析] 根据第一段中的“observing how nature solved problems”和“When he got older，John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making”和第二段中的“John went back to observing nature and asking questions”以及第二段中的两个问题可以看出，John是一个喜欢刨根问底、喜欢探索的人。long to do sth.“渴望做某事”。
技法3 数字计算题——加减乘除巧破解
常涉及时间、年龄、年代、价钱、数量、距离等数字信息的简单加工。计算量较小，比较容易。找出计算背后所隐含的信息并理解文章相应的信息是准确解题的关键。
【解题流程】
[典例] [2023·新课标Ⅰ卷阅读A]
Why MacBike
MacBike has been around for almost 30 years and is the biggest bicycle rental company in Amsterdam. With over 2，500 bikes stored in our five rental shops at strategic locations，we make sure there is always a bike available for you. We offer the newest bicycles in a wide variety，including basic bikes with foot brake (刹车), bikes with hand brake and gears (排挡)，bikes with child seats，and children's bikes.
Prices
Hand Brake，Three Gears Foot Brake，No Gears
1 hour 7.50 5.00
3 hours 11.00 7.50
1 day (24 hours) 14.75 9.75
Each additional day 8.00 6.00
21．What is an advantage of MacBike
A．It gives children a discount.
B．It offers many types of bikes.
C．It organizes free cycle tours.
D．It has over 2，500 rental shops.
[解析] 数字计算题。读题干定位到选段尾句“We offer the newest bicycles ...with child seats，and children's bikes”可知，MacBike公司的一个优势是能提供各种各样的自行车，包括带脚刹的最基本的自行车、带手刹和排挡的自行车、带儿童座椅的自行车以及儿童自行车。
[2023·福州市毕业班第二次质量检测]
WALKIE TALKIE TOWER CLIMB
Dare to take the stairs for a run challenge! Sign up and climb up London's Walkie Talkie building on 4 March 2023. Run or walk up the Walkie Talkie building, and raise money to help seriously ill children at Great Ormond Street Hospital. Climb over 35 floors and 896 steps before being rewarded with a celebratory drink.
gosh. org/get involved/fundraising events
RACE TO REMEMBER
Why not take on Race to Remember. Join Team Combat Stress on 11th November 2023 and help raise funds for veterans (老兵). Choose from a 76km or a 36km walk or run. All races finish at the HMS Victory in Portsmouth. The registration fee is 75 (76km event) or 40 (36km event)．
batstress.org.uk
TIME TO RUN
Run for research and take on 50 miles in 50 days! Take on this virtual run anywhere, anytime between 1 March and 19 April. We're investing in pioneering projects that could slow, stop or change Parkinson's completely. And we aim to deliver the next new treatment in years. By taking part in Time to Run, you're funding Parkinson's UK research. Your fundraising will help us fast track the most promising treatments. Sign up today for just 5.
events. parkinsons.org.uk/TTR23
LONDON MARATHON
Get your running shoes on and join Depaul UK for the TCS 2023 London Marathon. We'll cheer you on as you help raise vital funds for young people affected by homelessness. Starting in Greenwich Park, you'll run over Tower Bridge towards a memorable finish on The Mall. Join us at the start line and show your support for young people, To secure your place, sign up today.
kurt. sullivan.depaulcharity.org. uk
1．Which website would you visit if you want to climb stairs
A．batstress.org. uk
B．events. parkinsons.org. uk/TTR23
C．kurt. sullivan.depaulcharity.org. uk
D．gosh. org/get involved/fundraising events
答案与解析：D 细节理解题。根据WALKIE TALKIE TOWER CLIMB部分的“Dare to take the stairs for a run challenge! Sign up and climb up London's Walkie Talkie building on 4 March 2023.”和gosh. org/get involved/fundraising events可知，如果你想参加爬楼梯比赛，你会访问gosh. org/get involved/fundraising events网站，故选D。
2．Who will benefit from TIME TO RUN
A．Sick children. B．Veterans.
C．The homeless. D．The Parkinson's patients.
答案与解析：D 细节理解题。根据TIME TO RUN部分的“By taking part in Time to Run, you're funding Parkinson's UK research.”可知，帕金森患者将从TIME TO RUN中受益，故选D。
3．What are these activities aimed for
A．Fun. B．Health.
C．Charity. D．Workout.
答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据WALKIE TALKIE TOWER CLIMB部分的“Run or walk up the Walkie Talkie building, and raise money to help seriously ill children at Great Ormond Street Hospital.”，RACE TO REMEMBER部分的“Join Team Combat Stress on 11th November 2023 and help raise funds for veterans (老兵).”，TIME TO RUN部分的“By taking part in Time to Run, you're funding Parkinson's UK research.”和LONDON MARATHON部分的“We'll cheer you on as you help raise vital funds for young people affected by homelessness.”可知，这些活动的目的是慈善，故选C。阅读理解占据着高考试卷的第一部分，所占的分数比重也是最大。 “良好的开端是成功的一半”， 阅读理解解答的顺利与否直接影响着后面其他试题的答题时间和答题心态。 准做、快做阅读理解试题， 为攻克后面的题目节省时间。
第一讲 细节理解题——据文比对定答案
细节理解题在英语高考阅读理解中占了较大的比重，而且此类题型相对比较简单，只需要根据题干中的关键词，回到原文中定位信息区间，稍加比对，就能得出答案。因此，对于这类题目要力求读得快、找得准、答得对，力争不丢分，保住基本分才能得高分。
【近3年全国卷考情分析】
清迷点·扫盲点 提升审题能力
知答题方略 明命题方式
“两关注”“一防范”巧解细节理解题 1.两关注：关注正确选项的特征：一是同义词替换或释义，即把文中语言(词汇和结构)改头换面，来表达相同的意思；二是对文章信息的综合理解和推断归纳。 2.一防范：防范干扰选项的逼真性，稍有不慎就会落入命题人设置的陷阱中。在做间接信息题时，要根据所找信息，分析选项，对比其中所用词汇，避免误选答案。必要时要对原文信息进行归结，然后比对选项，进而选出正确答案。 直接细节题常见设问方式： ◆Which activity will you choose if...？ ◆What will you/the students do...？ ◆When can you...？ ◆Where can you...？ ◆Who will...？ 间接细节题常见设问方式： Which of the following best describes...？ How does the writer recommend...to readers？ How many/ much ......？
技法1 直接信息理解题——关键词定位法
在解答直接信息理解题时，考生可采取“关键词定位法”，即“带着问题找答案”。先从题干中提取关键词(题眼)，然后以此为线索，运用略读及寻读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此关键词相关的段落、语句，快速定位该题与哪一段、哪一句有关，然后仔细推敲，仔细比对所给选项与文中细节的细微区别，在准确理解细节的前提下，最后确定答案。
【解题流程】
[典例] [2023·新课标Ⅱ卷阅读A]
Photography Workshops(June 19 & July 10)
Enhance your photography skills—join Yellowstone's park photographer for a hands on program to inspire new and creative ways of enjoying the beauty and wonder of Yellowstone.
6/19 Waterfalls & Wide Angles：meet at Artist Point.
7/10 Wildflowers & White Balance: meet at Washburn Trailhead in Chittenden parking area.
23．Where will the participants meet for the July 10 photography workshop
A．Artist Point.
B．Washburn Trailhead.
C．Canyon Village Store.
D．Visitor Education Center.
[解析] 细节理解题。根据题干中的关键词“July 10 photography workshop”定位到选段最后一句“7/10 Wildflowers & White Balance: meet at Washburn Trailhead in Chittenden parking area.”可知，7月10日参加者要在“Washburn Trailhead”碰面。
[自主解答] ________
技法2 间接信息理解题——二次加工慎判定
为了更好地考查考生的语言能力和思维品质，命题人往往会对具体细节信息加以修饰或转换，以间接的方式来考查考生。如果说直接信息理解题是直来直去考，那么间接信息理解题则是拐弯抹角考。直接信息理解题检索出信息就可得出答案，而间接信息理解题需对检索出的信息进行二次加工才能得出答案。
1．同义转换法
使用同根词、同义词或近义词甚至反义词来替换关键词，例如使用ask来替换文中的require，使用less different来替换文中的more in common等。
【解题流程】
[典例1] [2023·新课标Ⅱ卷阅读D]Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps people recognize and take part in the activities that are most satisfying and meaningful to them. For example, the experience of walking along the edge of water might be satisfying for a young professional on a weekend hike in the park. Back downtown during a workday，they can enjoy a more domestic form of this interaction by walking along a fountain on their lunch break.
“We're trying to generate a language that helps bring the human nature interactions back into our daily lives. And for that to happen, we also need to protect nature so that we can interact with it，” said Peter Kahn，a senior author of the study.
35．What should be done before we can interact with nature according to Kahn
A．Language study.
B．Environmental conservation.
C．Public education.
D．Intercultural communication.
[解析] 细节理解题。利用原词复现解题。由题干中的关键词“interact”定位到原文关键句“And for that to happen，we also need to protect nature so that we can interact with it”可知，我们在与大自然互动以前需要保护自然。
[自主解答] ________
[典例2] [2022·新高考Ⅰ卷阅读A]An essay not submitted in class on the due date will lose a letter grade for each class period it is late. If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zero. Daily assignments not completed during class will get a zero. Short writings missed as a result of an excused absence will be accepted.
23．What will happen if you submit an essay one week after the due date
A．You will receive a zero.
B．You will lose a letter grade.
C．You will be given a test.
D．You will have to rewrite it.
[解析] 细节理解题。由题干中的关键词“submit”定位到原文关键句为 “If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zero.” ，比对选项和信息句可知，如果你在截止日期过后一周才上交，你的成绩将会是零分。submit 与turn in为同义转述。
[自主解答] ________
2．归纳概括考分析综合
为了增加细节信息试题的难度，命题人有时候也会采用较为概括的方式来进行命题，一个细节信息试题涉及一段或者几段的具体内容，需要考生进行概括和归纳后才能得出答案。虽然此类试题各个细节信息都能在文章中找到，但需要考生具有一定的概括和归纳能力。
【解题流程】
[典例3] [2023·新课标Ⅰ卷阅读B]When John Todd was a child，he loved to explore the woods around his house，observing how nature solved problems. A dirty stream，for example，often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older，John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.
After studying agriculture，medicine，and fisheries in college，John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌) Which kinds of fish can eat cancer causing chemicals With the right combination of animals and plants，he figured，maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an eco machine.
24．What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs
A．He was fond of traveling.
B．He enjoyed being alone.
C．He had an inquiring mind.
D．He longed to be a doctor.
[解析] 根据第一段中的“observing how nature solved problems”和“When he got older，John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making”和第二段中的“John went back to observing nature and asking questions”以及第二段中的两个问题可以看出，John是一个喜欢刨根问底、喜欢探索的人。long to do sth.“渴望做某事”。
[自主解答] ________
技法3 数字计算题——加减乘除巧破解
常涉及时间、年龄、年代、价钱、数量、距离等数字信息的简单加工。计算量较小，比较容易。找出计算背后所隐含的信息并理解文章相应的信息是准确解题的关键。
【解题流程】
[典例] [2023·新课标Ⅰ卷阅读A]
Why MacBike
MacBike has been around for almost 30 years and is the biggest bicycle rental company in Amsterdam. With over 2，500 bikes stored in our five rental shops at strategic locations，we make sure there is always a bike available for you. We offer the newest bicycles in a wide variety，including basic bikes with foot brake (刹车), bikes with hand brake and gears (排挡)，bikes with child seats，and children's bikes.
Prices
Hand Brake， Three Gears Foot Brake， No Gears
1 hour 7.50 5.00
3 hours 11.00 7.50
1 day (24 hours) 14.75 9.75
Each additional day 8.00 6.00
21．What is an advantage of MacBike
A．It gives children a discount.
B．It offers many types of bikes.
C．It organizes free cycle tours.
D．It has over 2，500 rental shops.
[解析] 数字计算题。读题干定位到选段尾句“We offer the newest bicycles ...with child seats，and children's bikes”可知，MacBike公司的一个优势是能提供各种各样的自行车，包括带脚刹的最基本的自行车、带手刹和排挡的自行车、带儿童座椅的自行车以及儿童自行车。
[自主解答] ________
练重点练难点·创新应用体验
[2023·福州市毕业班第二次质量检测]
WALKIE TALKIE TOWER CLIMB
Dare to take the stairs for a run challenge! Sign up and climb up London's Walkie Talkie building on 4 March 2023. Run or walk up the Walkie Talkie building, and raise money to help seriously ill children at Great Ormond Street Hospital. Climb over 35 floors and 896 steps before being rewarded with a celebratory drink.
gosh. org/get involved/fundraising events
RACE TO REMEMBER
Why not take on Race to Remember. Join Team Combat Stress on 11th November 2023 and help raise funds for veterans (老兵). Choose from a 76km or a 36km walk or run. All races finish at the HMS Victory in Portsmouth. The registration fee is 75 (76km event) or 40 (36km event)．
batstress.org.uk
TIME TO RUN
Run for research and take on 50 miles in 50 days! Take on this virtual run anywhere, anytime between 1 March and 19 April. We're investing in pioneering projects that could slow, stop or change Parkinson's completely. And we aim to deliver the next new treatment in years. By taking part in Time to Run, you're funding Parkinson's UK research. Your fundraising will help us fast track the most promising treatments. Sign up today for just 5.
events. parkinsons.org.uk/TTR23
LONDON MARATHON
Get your running shoes on and join Depaul UK for the TCS 2023 London Marathon. We'll cheer you on as you help raise vital funds for young people affected by homelessness. Starting in Greenwich Park, you'll run over Tower Bridge towards a memorable finish on The Mall. Join us at the start line and show your support for young people, To secure your place, sign up today.
kurt. sullivan.depaulcharity.org. uk
1．Which website would you visit if you want to climb stairs
A．batstress.org. uk
B．events. parkinsons.org. uk/TTR23
C．kurt. sullivan.depaulcharity.org. uk
D．gosh. org/get involved/fundraising events
2．Who will benefit from TIME TO RUN
A．Sick children. B．Veterans.
C．The homeless. D．The Parkinson's patients.
3．What are these activities aimed for
A．Fun. B．Health.
C．Charity. D．Workout.
专题一 阅读理解——先检索·再加工
第二部分 怎样准解题
第一讲 细节理解题——据文比对定答案
技法1
典例 B
技法2
典例1 B 典例2 A 典例3 C
技法3
典例 B
练重点练难点·创新应用体验
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍的是一些为慈善筹款的比赛的相关信息。
1．答案与解析：D 细节理解题。根据WALKIE TALKIE TOWER CLIMB部分的“Dare to take the stairs for a run challenge! Sign up and climb up London's Walkie Talkie building on 4 March 2023.”和gosh. org/get involved/fundraising events可知，如果你想参加爬楼梯比赛，你会访问gosh. org/get involved/fundraising events网站，故选D。
2．答案与解析：D 细节理解题。根据TIME TO RUN部分的“By taking part in Time to Run, you're funding Parkinson's UK research.”可知，帕金森患者将从TIME TO RUN中受益，故选D。
3．答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据WALKIE TALKIE TOWER CLIMB部分的“Run or walk up the Walkie Talkie building, and raise money to help seriously ill children at Great Ormond Street Hospital.”，RACE TO REMEMBER部分的“Join Team Combat Stress on 11th November 2023 and help raise funds for veterans (老兵).”，TIME TO RUN部分的“By taking part in Time to Run, you're funding Parkinson's UK research.”和LONDON MARATHON部分的“We'll cheer you on as you help raise vital funds for young people affected by homelessness.”可知，这些活动的目的是慈善，故选C。
