(共47张PPT)
第二讲
句内、句组、语篇层次题
一、5大方法速判句内层次题
句内层次题的解题信息分布在本句内，在读懂文意的前提下，利用本句的一些信息凭借语感即可顺利选出答案。对于此类题目，考生可以边读边填，将原文信息尽量复原。
方法1利用生活常识和文化背景解题
生活是一本书，世事洞明皆学问。大部分完形填空试题需要联系上下文解答，而这其中有很多是考查生活常识和文化背景的题。学生在做题时，若能积极地调动自己掌握的文化背景知识和生活常识，巧妙地加以运用，特别是注意中西文化的差异，将会大大简化分析与判断过程，节省宝贵的时间，从而轻松地做出正确的判断。
[典例] [2023·新课标Ⅰ卷]Bailey then __47__ to let Lenoue climb onto her back and carried her all the way to the finish line, then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get 48.medical attention.
47.A.went away B．stood up
C.stepped aside D．bent down
[解析] 根据生活常识可以推测，Bailey需要弯下腰来(bent down)才能让Lenoue趴到她的背上。
[自主解答] ________
答案：D
方法2利用对应成分分析法解题
完形填空文章的上下文之间以及句子内部之间往往有着一定的逻辑关系，句子的各个成分之间往往相互对应。学生可以根据这种逻辑关系找出与未知填空相对应的已知成分，将它作为线索，从而推断出未知填空的答案。
[典例] [2022·全国乙卷]We brought young children aged 2－4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC. Each 47.child sat down with an adult who covered her own eyes or 48.ears. We then asked the child if she could __49__ or hear the adult.
49.A.see B．help C.reach D．fool
[解析] We then asked the child if she could __49__动词 or并列连词 hear the adult动词 ．
从上述分析可以看出，第49题所填词应与or后面的hear形成对应关系。因为有or这一并列连词，且上句中的eyes or 48.ears与__49__ or hear恰好相呼应，即眼睛能看见，耳朵能听见，由此可知正确选项。
[自主解答] ________
答案：A
方法3利用习惯用法及固定搭配解题
解题时通过分析习惯用法、固定搭配等搭配关系和句子结构，进行有效的推理判断，从而选出正确选项。学生在解题时要灵活地运用一些常用的习惯用法、固定搭配，学会分析句子结构。
[典例] [2023·全国乙卷]She had to say43.goodbye to her two dogs and to the beach, where she loved to 44.__ride waves on her board. But it was __45__ to take the leap (飞跃), however 46.heartbreaking it would be.
45.A.common B．time
C.fun D．tough
[解析] 利用习惯用法及固定搭配解题。It is time to do sth. 为固定搭配，意为“是时候做某事”。此处用来指是时候来实现道格拉斯人生的飞跃了。
[自主解答] ________
答案：B
方法4利用逻辑关系解题
此方法是通过分析空处上下文与已知信息之间的逻辑关系来确定答案，主要应用于完形填空的两类题型：一是考查连接词和起连接词作用的短语；二是考查上下文的逻辑关系。
[典例] [2023·浙江高考1月卷]Then, with one end of a rope tied to his waist and the other end around the trunk of a tree, Ziyad began 47.climbing．He stopped every few minutes to move the 48.rope higher up the tree trunk.
__49__， Ziyad got close to the hive which was around 20 metres above the ground.
49.A.Finally B．Surprisingly
C.Naturally D．Immediately
[解析] 利用逻辑关系解题。由空后的“Ziyad got close to the hive”可知，经过辛苦的尝试，最终，齐亚德已经到达离地面约20米的蜂巢。
[自主解答] ________
答案：A
方法5利用语境暗示分析法解题
上下文语境具体体现为全文的中心主线和主题、作者的态度倾向和评价、上下文语篇衔接、句际和段际关系。在句内层次题中，我们通常可以通过上下文语境暗示，即根据已知信息，推导出正确答案。
[典例] [2023·新高考Ⅱ卷]When I met Tiffy's owners, they seemed very 47.nervous. George, the husband, was trying to be calm, but I could tell this was __48__ for him, having to leave his dog to a 49.stranger and trust that everything would 50.work__out．
48．A.hard B．fine C．common D．lucky
[解析] 利用语境暗示分析法解题。根据本空后的having to leave his dog暗示可推知，由于不得不将宠物狗交到他人手中，要保持镇定对主人而言是非常难的。
[自主解答] ________
答案：A
二、4种技巧智取句组层次题
句组层次题是比句内层次题稍难一级的题目，其解题信息分布在空格前后的一组意群之中，解题时需瞻前顾后，综合意群信息解答。即本句信息不足填，空格前后再找信息源。
技巧1利用语义复现解题
复现是一种语义衔接手段，它通过原词、同义词/近义词、反义词、上义词、下义词或同根词等重复出现来表达某一概念，使整篇文章上下连贯，有机地衔接在一起。因此，学生可根据文章的具体情况，理解文章的结构和语境，利用文章中的语义复现来选出正确的答案。
原词复现
[典例] [2023·全国乙卷] “I'm going to inspire so many people，” she said. “I'm ready to __60__．” And shine she did.
60．A.shine B．fly C．dance D．score
[解析] 利用语义复现解题。空白处后一句出现了关键词shine，对比四个选项可以根据原词复现快速定位答案。
[自主解答] ________
A
同义词复现
[典例] [2023·新课标Ⅱ卷]They had to move to Virginia but they were on a very tight __41__. They could not afford to pay for42.transportation for their dog, Tiffy, and 43.desperately wanted to take her with them.
41．A.turnB.budgetC.scheduleD.connection
[解析] 同义词复现解题。根据下文可知，这家人生活拮据，无法负担宠物运费。空处和“could not afford” 是同义词，故on a tight budget符合要求。
[自主解答] ________
B
反义词复现
[典例] [2023·全国乙卷]The Chinese coach 52.transformed Douglas into one of the best gymnasts in the 53.world,__helping her skyrocket from an __54__ member of the national team to the top of the sport.
54.A.amateur B．elected
C.average D．enthusiastic
[解析] 反义词复现解题。根据文中的“skyrocket from... to the top of the sport.”可知，道格拉斯的水平实现了由低到高的飞跃，空白处应选top的反义词，即水平一般、较低的。
[自主解答] ________
C
技巧2利用作者的态度或感彩关联解题
在做完形填空题时，我们一定要在快速阅读文章的过程中，仔细找出能够反映作者态度和感彩的重要词汇，它们往往是名词、形容词、副词或动词。这些词汇通常是我们做题时重要的参照线索，可以帮助我们快速确定某些题目的正确答案。
[典例] [2023·全国甲卷]It was a very nice45.gesture for him to make. But when we looked at the tomatoes, we were46.worried because they were so misshapen: not at all like the nice，round，47.shiny things you get in a supermarket. And the wine was cloudy, in a funny old bottle with no label (标签) on it. These can't be any48.good,__we thought. But we were __49__ his kindness，so we 50.tried them.
49.A.sympathetic to B．thankful for
C.cautious about D．interested in
[解析] 利用作者的态度或感彩关联解题。根据上文“It was a very nice 45.gesture for him to make.”可知，作者认为邻居行为是表达善意。因此，尽管礼物的外观看起来不怎么好，作者对Mario的善良还是很感激的(thankful for)。
[自主解答] ________
B
技巧3利用逻辑关系解题
[典例] [2023·全国乙卷]To become the Olympic champion in the individual (个人) all around event, Gabby Douglas had to leave everything she 41.knew best. She had to 42.pack__up her bedroom in Virginia. She had to say 43.goodbye to her two dogs and to the beach, where she loved to 44.ride waves on her board. But it was 45.time to take the leap (飞跃), however 46.heartbreaking it would be. Even at 14, Douglas knew that. So she __47__ about 1，200 miles away from home, to 48.train with a coach from China.
47．A.dropped out B．moved on C．pulled over D．went off
[解析] 利用逻辑关系解题。根据上文中“To become the Olympic champion... to leave everything” 可知，为了成为奥运冠军，道格拉斯需要离开熟悉的环境。So表示因果关系，表达因此她需要离(went off)家千里。
[自主解答] ________
D
技巧4利用语境暗示分析法解题
在句组层次题中，有些题目往往也需要通过上下文的语境暗示来解题，即根据已知信息，推导出正确答案。
[典例] [2023·全国乙卷]By55.winning the Olympic all around title，she became the first black woman to do so. She __56__ the competition from beginning to end. She said she had felt 57.confident all along that she would win.
56.A.followed B．organized
C.watched D．led
[解析] 利用语境暗示分析法解题。根据上文可知，道格拉斯赢得了比赛，再由下文“from beginning to end”可推断，空白处想表达道格拉斯在比赛全程一直处于优势地位。lead有“处于领先地位”之意，符合语境。
[自主解答] ________
D
三、2种思路解决语篇层次题
语篇层次题是完形填空中难度最高的试题，也是学生的拉分题。此类试题需要阅读全篇，站在整个语篇的角度才能选出正确答案。
思路1利用首尾呼应关系解题
经典感悟
[典例] [2023·全国甲卷]It was a very nice45.gesture for him to make. But when we looked at the tomatoes, we were46.worried because they were so misshapen: not at all like the nice，round, 47.shiny things you get in a supermarket. And the wine was cloudy, in a funny old bottle with no label (标签) on it. These can't be any 48.good,__we thought. But we were 49.thankful__for his kindness，so we 50.tried them.
What we discovered is that it's 51.unwise to judge what you eat only by its __52__．Those tomatoes had a53.taste that reminded me of the ones my uncle used to grow when I was a child.
52.A.appearance B．quality C.origin D．price
答题微点
[解题依据] 完形填空的题眼往往出现在文章的开头。通过把握首句，可以确定文章的主题、背景、人物、时间、地点、事件等，从而把握文章的发展方向，达到顺利“入题”的目的。
[解析] 根据文章首段对番茄外观、酒瓶外观的描述，就外表对其进行了评判，这里作者表示仅凭你吃的东西的外表作评判是不明智的。
[自主解答] ________
A
[图解技巧]
思路2利用文章发展脉络解题
经典感悟
[典例] [2022·全国甲卷]You can tell a lot about a man by how he treats his dogs.
...
The next week we 47.walked our dogs together. It was a hot day. When we paused to catch our 48.breath,__Steve got down on one knee. Was he proposing (求婚) I liked him too, but so 49.soon He poured water from a bottle into his hand and offered it to my dogs. 50.In__that__moment,__I began to fall for him.
...
A year later, much to my58.delight,__this man produced a little box with a ring and proposed to me. He did not kneel (跪) down, nor did I 59.need him to. That's only for giving __60__ to the dogs that brought us together.
60.A.toys B．awards C.food D．water
答题微点
[解题依据] 叙事型完形填空在行文结构上往往包括：故事开端——发展——高潮——结局等不同情节，学生应梳理文章发展脉络，理清行文结构。
[解析] 文章首段提出了一个观点：一个人如何对待他的狗，你就能判断这个人。根据下文可知，作者是一位动物爱好者，她的男友Steve也是一位动物爱好者。在两人约会的过程中，Steve喂作者的小狗喝水的一幕深深打动了作者。一年之后，作者欣然接受了Steve的求婚。Steve没有通过下跪的方式向作者求婚，因为作者认为下跪这个动作只是为了给那些让他们走到一起的小狗们“喝水”才做的。
[自主解答] ________
D
[名师点津]
解
题
策
略 遵循发展脉络，合理思考推理，及时调整思路
上下求索，捕捉关键信息
回头看——关注是否与上文呼应，不留遗憾
关键点——需随机应变，不要一意孤行，更不可胡思乱想
[2023·石家庄市教学质量检测]The problems had started before the trip even began.
It was my first time traveling to Asia. I had __1__ distances and timing. I had planned to visit Lombok first but booked the flights to Bali, not __2__ there was an airport in Lombok. Arriving in Bali at 1 p. m．. I was a bit __3__. I had read online the last ferry (轮渡)left at 4 p. m. and I __4__ had to take a 1.5 hour taxi journey to the port and catch the ferry to Lombok.
Upon getting in the taxi, I told the driver the situation and he __5__ called his friend at the port. He told us the seas were __6__ so the last ferry was leaving at 2：30 p. m．， earlier than usual. I started to panic, but my driver was __7__ to try. His phone rang many times with talks between him and his friend. It was __8__ to see him put so much effort in for a __9__．
When we were about 10 minutes away, his friend __10__ him that they would hold the boat for us—but we had to __11__！ From there on, it was __12__. It was pouring with rain and there was no road to the port. So, we __13__. The driver __14__ my suitcase and started running, his shoes and uniform all wet.
I arrived just in time to jump onto the boat. I've never been more thankful for someone's __15__ the whole way through.,
1．A.recorded B．expanded C．misjudged D．changed
2．A.knowing B．estimating C．caring D．arguing
3．A.surprised B．disappointed C．worried D．embarrassed
4．A.just B．still C．always D．almost
5．A.cheerfully B．finally C．hesitantly D．immediately
6．A.stormy B．deep C．cold D．broad
7．A.honored B．delighted C．determined D．inspired
8．A.satisfying B．touching C．stressful D．awful
9．A.companion B．customer C．driver D．stranger
10．A.informed B．reminded C．warned D．convinced
11．A.turn B．quit C．wait D．rush
12．A.magic B．madness C．horror D．calmness
13．A.looked back B．turned around C．pulled over D．helped out
14．A.packed B．placed C．removed D．grabbed
15．A.kindness B．trust C．comfort D．admiration
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了我在去旅行时因为计划失误，在当地司机及其朋友的无私帮助之下成功赶上了最后一班渡轮的故事。
1．答案与解析：C 根据后文“I had planned to visit Lombok first but booked the flights to Bali, not __2__ there was an airport in Lombok.”可知，我不知道龙目岛有飞机场所以定了机票飞到巴厘岛，推断出我误判了距离和时间。
2．答案与解析：A 根据前文“I had planned to visit Lombok first but booked the flights to Bali，”可知，我计划去龙目岛但是却买了去巴厘岛的机票说明我不知道龙目岛有机场。
3．答案与解析：C 根据前文“Arriving in Bali at 1 p．m..”及后文“I had read online the last ferry (轮渡)left at 4 p．m. and I __4__ had to take a 1.5 hour taxi journey to the port and catch the ferry to Lombok.”可知，我一点到达巴厘岛还需要坐1.5小时的出租车才能到港口，而最后一班渡轮是4点开船，时间非常紧张，所以推断出我是很担忧的。
4．答案与解析：B 我坐飞机到达巴厘岛后还要坐出租车去港口，still“仍然”表示事情没有结束接下来还有要做的事情，符合句意。
5．答案与解析：D 根据后文“He told us the seas were __6__ so the last ferry was leaving at 2：30 p．m., earlier than usual.”可知，司机告知我渡轮比以往要离开的早，说明司机在听完我的话后立即就给他的朋友打了电话。
6．答案与解析：A 根据后文“It was pouring with rain and there was no road to the port.”可知，雨下得很大几乎没有通向港口的路，说明司机的朋友告知说船会早开是因为有暴风雨。
7．答案与解析：C 根据后文“His phone rang many times with talks between him and his friend.”可知，司机不断在和他的朋友沟通，推断出司机决心送我去港口。
8．答案与解析：B 根据后文“I've never been more thankful for someone's __15__ the whole way through.”可知，我很感激司机的善意，推断出我被司机付出的努力感动。
9．答案与解析：D 根据前文“Upon getting in the taxi, I told the driver the situation and he __5__ called his friend at the port.”可知，我是一名乘客，我坐上出租车才和司机认识的，说明对于司机来说我是一名陌生人。
10．答案与解析：A 根据后文“they would hold the boat for us”可知，司机的朋友将会让船等着我们，也就是说，这个消息是司机的朋友通知我们的。
11．答案与解析：D 根据后文“I arrived just in time to jump onto the boat.”可知，当时我去港口需要1.5小时而距离开船也需要1.5小时，说明我们需要赶时间。
12．答案与解析：B 根据后文“It was pouring with rain and there was no road to the port.”可知，雨下的很大甚至都看不见路，我和司机又要赶时间去港口，说明接下来的事情是一件很疯狂的事情。
13．答案与解析：C 根据前文“It was pouring with rain and there was no road to the port.”可知，雨很大看不见道路，所以司机只能把车停在路边。
14．答案与解析：D 根据前文“but we had to __11__”可知，我的时间很紧迫，我需要赶紧登上渡轮，推断出司机也很着急，他为了让我不要误船帮我拿行李箱。
15．答案与解析：A 根据前文“His phone rang many times with talks between him and his friend.”及“The driver __14__ my suitcase and started running, his shoes and uniform all wet.”可知，司机不仅帮我联系他的朋友让渡轮等我，开车送我去港口的同时还在大雨中帮我拿行李，推断出司机的行为是善意的。第二讲 稳取句内、句组、语篇层次题
一、5大方法速判句内层次题
句内层次题的解题信息分布在本句内，在读懂文意的前提下，利用本句的一些信息凭借语感即可顺利选出答案。对于此类题目，考生可以边读边填，将原文信息尽量复原。
方法1利用生活常识和文化背景解题
生活是一本书，世事洞明皆学问。大部分完形填空试题需要联系上下文解答，而这其中有很多是考查生活常识和文化背景的题。学生在做题时，若能积极地调动自己掌握的文化背景知识和生活常识，巧妙地加以运用，特别是注意中西文化的差异，将会大大简化分析与判断过程，节省宝贵的时间，从而轻松地做出正确的判断。
[典例] [2023·新课标Ⅰ卷]Bailey then __47__ to let Lenoue climb onto her back and carried her all the way to the finish line, then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get 48.medical attention. 47.A.went away B．stood up C.stepped aside D．bent down [解析] 根据生活常识可以推测，Bailey需要弯下腰来(bent down)才能让Lenoue趴到她的背上。 [自主解答] ________
方法2利用对应成分分析法解题
完形填空文章的上下文之间以及句子内部之间往往有着一定的逻辑关系，句子的各个成分之间往往相互对应。学生可以根据这种逻辑关系找出与未知填空相对应的已知成分，将它作为线索，从而推断出未知填空的答案。
[典例] [2022·全国乙卷]We brought young children aged 2－4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC. Each 47.child sat down with an adult who covered her own eyes or 48.ears. We then asked the child if she could __49__ or hear the adult. 49.A.see B．help C.reach D．fool [解析] We then asked the child if she could __49__动词 or并列连词 hear the adult动词 ． 从上述分析可以看出，第49题所填词应与or后面的hear形成对应关系。因为有or这一并列连词，且上句中的eyes or 48.ears与__49__ or hear恰好相呼应，即眼睛能看见，耳朵能听见，由此可知正确选项。 [自主解答] ________
方法3利用习惯用法及固定搭配解题
解题时通过分析习惯用法、固定搭配等搭配关系和句子结构，进行有效的推理判断，从而选出正确选项。学生在解题时要灵活地运用一些常用的习惯用法、固定搭配，学会分析句子结构。
[典例] [2023·全国乙卷]She had to say43.goodbye to her two dogs and to the beach, where she loved to 44.__ride waves on her board. But it was __45__ to take the leap (飞跃), however 46.heartbreaking it would be. 45.A.common B．time C.fun D．tough [解析] 利用习惯用法及固定搭配解题。It is time to do sth. 为固定搭配，意为“是时候做某事”。此处用来指是时候来实现道格拉斯人生的飞跃了。 [自主解答] ________
方法4利用逻辑关系解题
此方法是通过分析空处上下文与已知信息之间的逻辑关系来确定答案，主要应用于完形填空的两类题型：一是考查连接词和起连接词作用的短语；二是考查上下文的逻辑关系。
[典例] [2023·浙江高考1月卷]Then, with one end of a rope tied to his waist and the other end around the trunk of a tree, Ziyad began 47.climbing．He stopped every few minutes to move the 48.rope higher up the tree trunk. __49__， Ziyad got close to the hive which was around 20 metres above the ground. 49.A.Finally B．Surprisingly C.Naturally D．Immediately [解析] 利用逻辑关系解题。由空后的“Ziyad got close to the hive”可知，经过辛苦的尝试，最终，齐亚德已经到达离地面约20米的蜂巢。 [自主解答] ________
方法5利用语境暗示分析法解题
上下文语境具体体现为全文的中心主线和主题、作者的态度倾向和评价、上下文语篇衔接、句际和段际关系。在句内层次题中，我们通常可以通过上下文语境暗示，即根据已知信息，推导出正确答案。
[典例] [2023·新高考Ⅱ卷]When I met Tiffy's owners, they seemed very 47.nervous. George, the husband, was trying to be calm, but I could tell this was __48__ for him, having to leave his dog to a 49.stranger and trust that everything would 50.work__out． 48．A.hard B．fine C．common D．lucky [解析] 利用语境暗示分析法解题。根据本空后的having to leave his dog暗示可推知，由于不得不将宠物狗交到他人手中，要保持镇定对主人而言是非常难的。 [自主解答] ________
二、4种技巧智取句组层次题
句组层次题是比句内层次题稍难一级的题目，其解题信息分布在空格前后的一组意群之中，解题时需瞻前顾后，综合意群信息解答。即本句信息不足填，空格前后再找信息源。
技巧1利用语义复现解题
复现是一种语义衔接手段，它通过原词、同义词/近义词、反义词、上义词、下义词或同根词等重复出现来表达某一概念，使整篇文章上下连贯，有机地衔接在一起。因此，学生可根据文章的具体情况，理解文章的结构和语境，利用文章中的语义复现来选出正确的答案。
原词复现 [典例] [2023·全国乙卷] “I'm going to inspire so many people，” she said. “I'm ready to __60__．” And shine she did. 60．A.shine B．fly C．dance D．score [解析] 利用语义复现解题。空白处后一句出现了关键词shine，对比四个选项可以根据原词复现快速定位答案。 [自主解答] ________
同义词复现 [典例] [2023·新课标Ⅱ卷]They had to move to Virginia but they were on a very tight __41__. They could not afford to pay for42.transportation for their dog, Tiffy, and 43.desperately wanted to take her with them. 41．A.turnB.budgetC.scheduleD.connection [解析] 同义词复现解题。根据下文可知，这家人生活拮据，无法负担宠物运费。空处和“could not afford” 是同义词，故on a tight budget符合要求。 [自主解答] ________
反义词复现 [典例] [2023·全国乙卷]The Chinese coach 52.transformed Douglas into one of the best gymnasts in the 53.world,__helping her skyrocket from an __54__ member of the national team to the top of the sport. 54.A.amateur B．elected C.average D．enthusiastic [解析] 反义词复现解题。根据文中的“skyrocket from... to the top of the sport.”可知，道格拉斯的水平实现了由低到高的飞跃，空白处应选top的反义词，即水平一般、较低的。 [自主解答] ________
技巧2利用作者的态度或感彩关联解题
在做完形填空题时，我们一定要在快速阅读文章的过程中，仔细找出能够反映作者态度和感彩的重要词汇，它们往往是名词、形容词、副词或动词。这些词汇通常是我们做题时重要的参照线索，可以帮助我们快速确定某些题目的正确答案。
[典例] [2023·全国甲卷]It was a very nice45.gesture for him to make. But when we looked at the tomatoes, we were46.worried because they were so misshapen: not at all like the nice，round，47.shiny things you get in a supermarket. And the wine was cloudy, in a funny old bottle with no label (标签) on it. These can't be any48.good,__we thought. But we were __49__ his kindness，so we 50.tried them. 49.A.sympathetic to B．thankful for C.cautious about D．interested in [解析] 利用作者的态度或感彩关联解题。根据上文“It was a very nice 45.gesture for him to make.”可知，作者认为邻居行为是表达善意。因此，尽管礼物的外观看起来不怎么好，作者对Mario的善良还是很感激的(thankful for)。 [自主解答] ________
技巧3利用逻辑关系解题
[典例] [2023·全国乙卷]To become the Olympic champion in the individual (个人) all around event, Gabby Douglas had to leave everything she 41.knew best. She had to 42.pack__up her bedroom in Virginia. She had to say 43.goodbye to her two dogs and to the beach, where she loved to 44.ride waves on her board. But it was 45.time to take the leap (飞跃), however 46.heartbreaking it would be. Even at 14, Douglas knew that. So she __47__ about 1，200 miles away from home, to 48.train with a coach from China. 47．A.dropped out B．moved on C．pulled over D．went off [解析] 利用逻辑关系解题。根据上文中“To become the Olympic champion... to leave everything” 可知，为了成为奥运冠军，道格拉斯需要离开熟悉的环境。So表示因果关系，表达因此她需要离(went off)家千里。 [自主解答] ________
技巧4利用语境暗示分析法解题
在句组层次题中，有些题目往往也需要通过上下文的语境暗示来解题，即根据已知信息，推导出正确答案。
[典例] [2023·全国乙卷]By55.winning the Olympic all around title，she became the first black woman to do so. She __56__ the competition from beginning to end. She said she had felt 57.confident all along that she would win. 56.A.followed B．organized C.watched D．led [解析] 利用语境暗示分析法解题。根据上文可知，道格拉斯赢得了比赛，再由下文“from beginning to end”可推断，空白处想表达道格拉斯在比赛全程一直处于优势地位。lead有“处于领先地位”之意，符合语境。 [自主解答] ________
三、2种思路解决语篇层次题
语篇层次题是完形填空中难度最高的试题，也是学生的拉分题。此类试题需要阅读全篇，站在整个语篇的角度才能选出正确答案。
思路1利用首尾呼应关系解题
经典感悟 答题微点
[典例] [2023·全国甲卷]It was a very nice45.gesture for him to make. But when we looked at the tomatoes, we were46.worried because they were so misshapen: not at all like the nice，round, 47.shiny things you get in a supermarket. And the wine was cloudy, in a funny old bottle with no label (标签) on it. These can't be any 48.good,__we thought. But we were 49.thankful__for his kindness，so we 50.tried them. What we discovered is that it's 51.unwise to judge what you eat only by its __52__．Those tomatoes had a53.taste that reminded me of the ones my uncle used to grow when I was a child. 52.A.appearance B．quality C.origin D．price [解题依据] 完形填空的题眼往往出现在文章的开头。通过把握首句，可以确定文章的主题、背景、人物、时间、地点、事件等，从而把握文章的发展方向，达到顺利“入题”的目的。 [解析] 根据文章首段对番茄外观、酒瓶外观的描述，就外表对其进行了评判，这里作者表示仅凭你吃的东西的外表作评判是不明智的。 [自主解答] ________ [图解技巧]
思路2利用文章发展脉络解题
经典感悟 答题微点
[典例] [2022·全国甲卷]You can tell a lot about a man by how he treats his dogs. ... The next week we 47.walked our dogs together. It was a hot day. When we paused to catch our 48.breath,__Steve got down on one knee. Was he proposing (求婚) I liked him too, but so 49.soon He poured water from a bottle into his hand and offered it to my dogs. 50.In__that__moment,__I began to fall for him. ... A year later, much to my58.delight,__this man produced a little box with a ring and proposed to me. He did not kneel (跪) down, nor did I 59.need him to. That's only for giving __60__ to the dogs that brought us together. 60.A.toys B．awards C.food D．water [解题依据] 叙事型完形填空在行文结构上往往包括：故事开端——发展——高潮——结局等不同情节，学生应梳理文章发展脉络，理清行文结构。 [解析] 文章首段提出了一个观点：一个人如何对待他的狗，你就能判断这个人。根据下文可知，作者是一位动物爱好者，她的男友Steve也是一位动物爱好者。在两人约会的过程中，Steve喂作者的小狗喝水的一幕深深打动了作者。一年之后，作者欣然接受了Steve的求婚。Steve没有通过下跪的方式向作者求婚，因为作者认为下跪这个动作只是为了给那些让他们走到一起的小狗们“喝水”才做的。 [自主解答] ________ [名师点津] 解 题 策 略遵循发展脉络，合理思考推理，及时调整思路上下求索，捕捉关键信息回头看——关注是否与上文呼应，不留遗憾关键点——需随机应变，不要一意孤行，更不可胡思乱想
随堂落实·创新应用体验
[2023·石家庄市教学质量检测]The problems had started before the trip even began.
It was my first time traveling to Asia. I had __1__ distances and timing. I had planned to visit Lombok first but booked the flights to Bali, not __2__ there was an airport in Lombok. Arriving in Bali at 1 p. m．. I was a bit __3__. I had read online the last ferry (轮渡)left at 4 p. m. and I __4__ had to take a 1.5 hour taxi journey to the port and catch the ferry to Lombok.
Upon getting in the taxi, I told the driver the situation and he __5__ called his friend at the port. He told us the seas were __6__ so the last ferry was leaving at 2：30 p. m．， earlier than usual. I started to panic, but my driver was __7__ to try. His phone rang many times with talks between him and his friend. It was __8__ to see him put so much effort in for a __9__．
When we were about 10 minutes away, his friend __10__ him that they would hold the boat for us—but we had to __11__！ From there on, it was __12__. It was pouring with rain and there was no road to the port. So, we __13__. The driver __14__ my suitcase and started running, his shoes and uniform all wet.
I arrived just in time to jump onto the boat. I've never been more thankful for someone's __15__ the whole way through.,
1．A.recorded B．expanded
C．misjudged D．changed
2．A.knowing B．estimating
C．caring D．arguing
3．A.surprised B．disappointed
C．worried D．embarrassed
4．A.just B．still
C．always D．almost
5．A.cheerfully B．finally
C．hesitantly D．immediately
6．A.stormy B．deep
C．cold D．broad
7．A.honored B．delighted
C．determined D．inspired
8．A.satisfying B．touching
C．stressful D．awful
9．A.companion B．customer
C．driver D．stranger
10．A.informed B．reminded
C．warned D．convinced
11．A.turn B．quit
C．wait D．rush
12．A.magic B．madness
C．horror D．calmness
13．A.looked back B．turned around
C．pulled over D．helped out
14．A.packed B．placed
C．removed D．grabbed
15．A.kindness B．trust
C．comfort D．admiration
[答题区]
1～5 __________ 6～10 __________
11～15 __________
第二讲 瞻前顾后 稳取句内、句组、语篇层次题
一、
方法1 答案：D
方法2 答案：A
方法3 答案：B
方法4 答案：A
方法5 答案：A
二、
技巧1 答案：A B C
技巧2 答案：B
技巧3 答案：D
技巧4 答案：D
三、
思路1 答案：A
思路2 答案：D
随堂落实 创新应用体验
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了我在去旅行时因为计划失误，在当地司机及其朋友的无私帮助之下成功赶上了最后一班渡轮的故事。
1．答案与解析：C 根据后文“I had planned to visit Lombok first but booked the flights to Bali, not __2__ there was an airport in Lombok.”可知，我不知道龙目岛有飞机场所以定了机票飞到巴厘岛，推断出我误判了距离和时间。
2．答案与解析：A 根据前文“I had planned to visit Lombok first but booked the flights to Bali，”可知，我计划去龙目岛但是却买了去巴厘岛的机票说明我不知道龙目岛有机场。
3．答案与解析：C 根据前文“Arriving in Bali at 1 p．m..”及后文“I had read online the last ferry (轮渡)left at 4 p．m. and I __4__ had to take a 1.5 hour taxi journey to the port and catch the ferry to Lombok.”可知，我一点到达巴厘岛还需要坐1.5小时的出租车才能到港口，而最后一班渡轮是4点开船，时间非常紧张，所以推断出我是很担忧的。
4．答案与解析：B 我坐飞机到达巴厘岛后还要坐出租车去港口，still“仍然”表示事情没有结束接下来还有要做的事情，符合句意。
5．答案与解析：D 根据后文“He told us the seas were __6__ so the last ferry was leaving at 2：30 p．m., earlier than usual.”可知，司机告知我渡轮比以往要离开的早，说明司机在听完我的话后立即就给他的朋友打了电话。
6．答案与解析：A 根据后文“It was pouring with rain and there was no road to the port.”可知，雨下得很大几乎没有通向港口的路，说明司机的朋友告知说船会早开是因为有暴风雨。
7．答案与解析：C 根据后文“His phone rang many times with talks between him and his friend.”可知，司机不断在和他的朋友沟通，推断出司机决心送我去港口。
8．答案与解析：B 根据后文“I've never been more thankful for someone's __15__ the whole way through.”可知，我很感激司机的善意，推断出我被司机付出的努力感动。
9．答案与解析：D 根据前文“Upon getting in the taxi, I told the driver the situation and he __5__ called his friend at the port.”可知，我是一名乘客，我坐上出租车才和司机认识的，说明对于司机来说我是一名陌生人。
10．答案与解析：A 根据后文“they would hold the boat for us”可知，司机的朋友将会让船等着我们，也就是说，这个消息是司机的朋友通知我们的。
11．答案与解析：D 根据后文“I arrived just in time to jump onto the boat.”可知，当时我去港口需要1.5小时而距离开船也需要1.5小时，说明我们需要赶时间。
12．答案与解析：B 根据后文“It was pouring with rain and there was no road to the port.”可知，雨下的很大甚至都看不见路，我和司机又要赶时间去港口，说明接下来的事情是一件很疯狂的事情。
13．答案与解析：C 根据前文“It was pouring with rain and there was no road to the port.”可知，雨很大看不见道路，所以司机只能把车停在路边。
14．答案与解析：D 根据前文“but we had to __11__”可知，我的时间很紧迫，我需要赶紧登上渡轮，推断出司机也很着急，他为了让我不要误船帮我拿行李箱。
15．答案与解析：A 根据前文“His phone rang many times with talks between him and his friend.”及“The driver __14__ my suitcase and started running, his shoes and uniform all wet.”可知，司机不仅帮我联系他的朋友让渡轮等我，开车送我去港口的同时还在大雨中帮我拿行李，推断出司机的行为是善意的。
