(共26张PPT)
第三讲 规避5大易错点
高考具有选拔人才的功能，因此每篇完形填空中总有2～3道较难的题目成为学生取得高分的“拦路虎”。导致这些题目失分的原因主要有以下几点：
①解题信息比较隐蔽；
②干扰项迷惑性较强；
③情感态度较难把握；
④惯性思维所致。针对这些题目，学生除了需要具备扎实的语言功底外，还应小心谨慎应对。本讲总结了解答完形填空的五大易错点，旨在让学生遇到此类题目时不要急于求成，要三思而后判。
易错点1因缺乏全篇关联思维而错选
语篇层次题的解题信息不局限于某一句或某一句群，而是分散在某一段或几段甚至全篇，这就要求学生理解整篇文章，抓住全文的脉络、作者的思想、意图或主人公的心理，然后进行准确的推理、判断，从而做出正确的选择。对于此类题目，一定要坚持这样一个原则——不急于解答，读完全文后综合考虑再做判定。
[典例] [2023·浙江高考1月卷]Here, in south east Ethiopia, hand carved beehives (蜂箱) are placed in the __42__．Reaching them to get the honey is difficult—and often 43.dangerous．
I 44.followed beekeeper Ziyad over a wide stretch of grassland before entering a thick jungle. Ziyad began preparations. He 45.gathered handfuls of damp tree leaves, wrapped them with string, and 46.lit the bunch to create a torch (火把). Then, with one end of a rope tied to his waist and the other end around the trunk of a tree, Ziyad began 47.climbing．He stopped every few minutes to move the 48.rope higher up the tree trunk.
...the hive which was around 20 metres above the ground...
42.A.courtyards B．fields C.treetops D．caves
[解析] 本题是典型的语篇层次题，仅凭题目所在的句子无法定位答案，此类题目需要综合全篇来找线索。根据下文的“...the hive which was around 20 metres above the ground”，“养蜂人Ziyad爬到了离地面约20米的高处”，故可知蜂箱应该在树顶。
[自主解答] ________
C
易错点2因不能正确区分形近(义近)词而错选
完形填空题选项中经常会出现一些形近词或义近词让学生辨析，因为词形相近或意义相近，无形中增加了难度，如果学生对这些词掌握得不好或不着眼于语篇的意义便很容易错选。
[典例] [2023·全国乙卷]As it turned out, Douglas did __50__ what she needed to do to become Olympic champion when she 51.defeated two Russians. The Chinese coach 52.transformed Douglas into one of the best gymnasts in the 53.world,__helping her skyrocket from an 54.average member of the national team to the top of the sport.
50.A.approximately B．gradually
C.exactly D．possibly
[解析] 四个选项在形式相似、词性相同，部分学生容易因混淆而失分。本题可以利用联系上下文分析法解题。根据下文可知，她后来取得了非凡的成绩，这正是她所需要做的事。此处exactly意为“恰好，正好”，在句中用于强调。
[自主解答] ________
C
易错点3因词汇理解障碍而错选
在完形填空题的设题上，命题者往往还将一些学生平常容易忽视的词汇设置成选项，从而造成错选。对于这些词汇，学生在平时必须高度重视，背熟记熟。
[典例] [2023·浙江高考1月卷]49.Finally,__Ziyad got close to the hive which was around 20 metres above the ground. Sitting on a branch, he __50__ towards it and blew smoke from his torch into a tiny hole in the hive.
50.A.backed B．dived C.shouted D．inched
[解析] 由上文可知，收获蜂蜜在离地面约20米的树顶上作业，因此Ziyad应该是小心翼翼地朝着蜂箱缓慢移动。inch指“(使朝某方向)谨慎移动”，对于学生而言，这一含义较为生僻，较难选出正确答案。
[自主解答] ________
D
易错点4因不明一词多义或熟词生义而错选
在最近几年的高考完形填空中，对于一词多义或熟词生义的考查屡见不鲜，这往往也是学生容易失分的一个地方。很多学生由于不懂这些熟词的“新义”而出现思维障碍，造成了不应有的失分。下面我们选取具有代表性的试题加以分析，以帮助学生熟悉其命题特点，从而跳出命题人设置的词汇“陷阱”。
[典例] [2023·新课标Ⅰ卷] Although the two young women were strangers before the __54__， they've since become friends. Neither won the race, but the 55.display of human kindness won the day.
54.A.ride B．test C.meet D．show
[解析] 根据下文可知，Bailey和Lenoue在比赛前素不相识，但这之后成为了朋友。meet除了会议、见面等常见意思外，还有运动会、体育比赛的含义。
[自主解答] ________
C
易错点5因惯性思维而错选
在英语学习中，由于种种原因，如学生的母语、知识面、思维习惯等都有可能令学生产生一些思维定式。如果不善于思考，考虑问题不全面，会导致误解一些题目，并抑制思维能力的发展。完形填空解题中因惯性思维而失分常有以下两种情况：
学习词组或习惯用语时受到的思维定式影响
学生在学习词组时容易受到思维定式影响。例：学习wait for后，有些学生在遇到wait后面接介词时，就选择for。但在He stopped his car to wait at the red light.中不用for。解题时要注意文章结构、上下文逻辑关系，整句理解和整段把握。
学习单词时受到的思维定式影响
学生往往过于简单化地记忆单词的中文意思，而忽略实际用法及英汉差异。例：不能用succeed to do sth.表达“成功做某事”。解题时要关注语境、含义、用法及词性转化。
[典例] [2023·新课标Ⅱ卷]The flight was 53.uneventful,__and Tiffy was a great passenger. The next day, she __54__ with Karen and made it back to George in Virginia within a few days.
54.A.returned B．fought C.flew D．agreed
[解析] 根据上下文可知，作者带着狗狗到达了堪萨斯城，后面的行程由Karen带着狗狗继续飞往弗吉尼亚。但学生受思维定式影响，可能看到with就下意识地以为选择agree with这个固定搭配，从而误选D项。
[自主解答] ________
C
[2023·山东省实验中学高三一模]One day, on my way to a fried chicken shop, I noticed many people warming up at the starting line. Runners of all ages, __1__ and sizes, were preparing for the 5 kilometer running. I __2__ everyone looked glad and proud there, high fives happening everywhere, accompanied by friendly encouragement and wishes. I __3__ what caused such enthusiasm. The idea of running for any reason __4__ running towards an ice cream truck had never been appealing to me.
As the runners took their places at the starting line, I heard __5__ cheers from the bleachers (看台). I decided to stay and watch the whole race. The officials __6__ for the start and all the runners rushed forward. They ran with __7__ initially, but halfway, some runners looked tired, and one girl appeared __8__ exhausted. I guessed she would __9__ in no time. Just then, a man in the bleachers shouted to the girl, “Come on, Tiffany! You can do it！” Hearing the words, Tiffany gave a __10__ smile to the man and continued running. Soon some other runners who were slowing down also received __11__ from people in the bleachers. No one seemed to drop out.
Finally, Tiffany managed to arrive at the finishing line breathlessly. __12__ she wasn't the winner, but she was pleased to finish the whole race. She raised her __13__ in the air happily. Some other runners arrived one by one, and they __14__ each other. Inspired, I began trying to avoid fast food and doing exercise after that day, which changed me a lot. Now I become healthier and more __15__．
1．A.forms B．shapes C．heights D．names
2．A.witnessed B．appreciated C．realized D．confirmed
3．A.knew B．accepted C．wondered D．doubted
4．A.or rather B．other than C．more than D．rather than
5．A.imaginable B．colorful C．admirable D．powerful
6．A.signaled B．waved C．shouted D．asked
7．A.ease B．caution C．curiosity D．purpose
8．A.occasionally B．probably C．slightly D．particularly
9．A.turn down B．burst out C．take in D．give up
10．A.bitter B．regretful C．shameful D．brief
11．A.cheers B．gifts C．congratulations D．sighs
12．A.Sadly B．Obviously C．Unfortunately D．Amazingly
13．A.head B．fingers C．arms D．legs
14．A.dragged B．comforted C．congratulated D．greeted
15．A.skeptical B．confident C．careful D．conservative
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在去炸鸡店的路上目睹了一起跑步比赛，看到参赛选手都努力完成比赛，作者受到了鼓舞，于是开始尽量不吃快餐，多做运动。
1．答案与解析：B 句意：所有年龄、身高和身材的跑步者都在为5公里跑做准备。根据后文“and sizes”可知，此处在描述跑步者的身材如何。
2．答案与解析：A 句意：我看到在场的每个人看起来都很高兴和自豪，到处都是击掌，伴随着友好的鼓励和祝福。 根据后文“everyone looked glad”可知，作者看到在场的每个人看起来都很高兴。
3．答案与解析：C 根据后文“what caused such enthusiasm”指作者想知道人们热情的原因。
4．答案与解析：B 句意：除了跑向一辆冰淇淋车之外，为了任何原因而跑的想法从来没有吸引过我。 根据后文“running towards an ice cream truck had never been appealing to me”可知，此处指除了跑向一辆冰淇淋车之外，为了任何原因而跑的想法从来没有吸引过作者，other than表示“除了……没有”。
5．答案与解析：D 句意：当跑步者们在起跑线上就位时，我听到看台上传来了热烈的欢呼声。 根据后文“cheers from the bleachers”可知，人们在给运动员加油，传来热烈的欢呼声。
6．答案与解析：A 句意：裁判员示意起跑，所有的跑步者都向前冲去。 根据后文“for the start and all the runners rushed forward”指裁判员示意起跑，所有的跑步者都向前冲去。
7．答案与解析：A 句意：他们一开始跑得很轻松，但跑到一半的时候，一些跑步者看起来很累，其中一个女孩显得特别疲惫。 根据后文“initially, but halfway, some runners looked tired”可知but表示转折，说明一开始跑得很轻松，但跑到一半的时候，一些跑步者看起来很累，故选A。
8．答案与解析：D 句意：他们一开始跑得很轻松，但跑到一半的时候，一些跑步者看起来很累，其中一个女孩显得特别疲惫。 结合上文“some runners looked tired, and one girl appeared”可知，一些跑步者看起来很累，其中一个女孩显得特别疲惫。
9．答案与解析：D 上文提到这个女孩特别累，所以作者猜测她很快会放弃比赛。
10．答案与解析：D 根据后文“smile to the man and continued running”可知，女孩对那个给她加油的人短暂地笑了笑，又继续跑。
11．答案与解析：A 句意：很快，其他一些慢下来的跑步者也受到了看台上人们的欢呼。 呼应上文“cheers from the bleachers”指跑步者也受到了看台上人们的欢呼。
12．答案与解析：B 句意：显然她不是获胜者，但她很高兴跑完全程。 根据后文“she wasn't the winner”可知，显然蒂芙尼不是获胜者。
13．答案与解析：C 根据后文“in the air happily”以及常识，完成了比赛所以是双臂在空中挥动，故选C。
14．答案与解析：C 根据上文“Some other runners arrived one by one”可知，选手都到达了终点，互相祝贺。
15．答案与解析：B 根据上文“Now I become healthier and more”可知，作者有了积极的变化，变得更健康，更自信。第三讲 规避5大易错点
高考具有选拔人才的功能，因此每篇完形填空中总有2～3道较难的题目成为学生取得高分的“拦路虎”。导致这些题目失分的原因主要有以下几点：①解题信息比较隐蔽；②干扰项迷惑性较强；③情感态度较难把握；④惯性思维所致。针对这些题目，学生除了需要具备扎实的语言功底外，还应小心谨慎应对。本讲总结了解答完形填空的五大易错点，旨在让学生遇到此类题目时不要急于求成，要三思而后判。
易错点1因缺乏全篇关联思维而错选
语篇层次题的解题信息不局限于某一句或某一句群，而是分散在某一段或几段甚至全篇，这就要求学生理解整篇文章，抓住全文的脉络、作者的思想、意图或主人公的心理，然后进行准确的推理、判断，从而做出正确的选择。对于此类题目，一定要坚持这样一个原则——不急于解答，读完全文后综合考虑再做判定。
[典例] [2023·浙江高考1月卷]Here, in south east Ethiopia, hand carved beehives (蜂箱) are placed in the __42__．Reaching them to get the honey is difficult—and often 43.dangerous． I 44.followed beekeeper Ziyad over a wide stretch of grassland before entering a thick jungle. Ziyad began preparations. He 45.gathered handfuls of damp tree leaves, wrapped them with string, and 46.lit the bunch to create a torch (火把). Then, with one end of a rope tied to his waist and the other end around the trunk of a tree, Ziyad began 47.climbing．He stopped every few minutes to move the 48.rope higher up the tree trunk. ...the hive which was around 20 metres above the ground... 42.A.courtyards B．fields C.treetops D．caves [解析] 本题是典型的语篇层次题，仅凭题目所在的句子无法定位答案，此类题目需要综合全篇来找线索。根据下文的“...the hive which was around 20 metres above the ground”，“养蜂人Ziyad爬到了离地面约20米的高处”，故可知蜂箱应该在树顶。 [自主解答] ________
易错点2因不能正确区分形近(义近)词而错选
完形填空题选项中经常会出现一些形近词或义近词让学生辨析，因为词形相近或意义相近，无形中增加了难度，如果学生对这些词掌握得不好或不着眼于语篇的意义便很容易错选。
[典例] [2023·全国乙卷]As it turned out, Douglas did __50__ what she needed to do to become Olympic champion when she 51.defeated two Russians. The Chinese coach 52.transformed Douglas into one of the best gymnasts in the 53.world,__helping her skyrocket from an 54.average member of the national team to the top of the sport. 50.A.approximately B．gradually C.exactly D．possibly [解析] 四个选项在形式相似、词性相同，部分学生容易因混淆而失分。本题可以利用联系上下文分析法解题。根据下文可知，她后来取得了非凡的成绩，这正是她所需要做的事。此处exactly意为“恰好，正好”，在句中用于强调。 [自主解答] ________
易错点3因词汇理解障碍而错选
在完形填空题的设题上，命题者往往还将一些学生平常容易忽视的词汇设置成选项，从而造成错选。对于这些词汇，学生在平时必须高度重视，背熟记熟。
[典例] [2023·浙江高考1月卷]49.Finally,__Ziyad got close to the hive which was around 20 metres above the ground. Sitting on a branch, he __50__ towards it and blew smoke from his torch into a tiny hole in the hive. 50.A.backed B．dived C.shouted D．inched [解析] 由上文可知，收获蜂蜜在离地面约20米的树顶上作业，因此Ziyad应该是小心翼翼地朝着蜂箱缓慢移动。inch指“(使朝某方向)谨慎移动”，对于学生而言，这一含义较为生僻，较难选出正确答案。 [自主解答] ________
易错点4因不明一词多义或熟词生义而错选
在最近几年的高考完形填空中，对于一词多义或熟词生义的考查屡见不鲜，这往往也是学生容易失分的一个地方。很多学生由于不懂这些熟词的“新义”而出现思维障碍，造成了不应有的失分。下面我们选取具有代表性的试题加以分析，以帮助学生熟悉其命题特点，从而跳出命题人设置的词汇“陷阱”。
[典例] [2023·新课标Ⅰ卷] Although the two young women were strangers before the __54__， they've since become friends. Neither won the race, but the 55.display of human kindness won the day. 54.A.ride B．test C.meet D．show [解析] 根据下文可知，Bailey和Lenoue在比赛前素不相识，但这之后成为了朋友。meet除了会议、见面等常见意思外，还有运动会、体育比赛的含义。 [自主解答] ________
易错点5因惯性思维而错选
在英语学习中，由于种种原因，如学生的母语、知识面、思维习惯等都有可能令学生产生一些思维定式。如果不善于思考，考虑问题不全面，会导致误解一些题目，并抑制思维能力的发展。完形填空解题中因惯性思维而失分常有以下两种情况：
学习词组或习惯用语时受到的思维定式影响 学习单词时受到的思维定式影响
学生在学习词组时容易受到思维定式影响。例：学习wait for后，有些学生在遇到wait后面接介词时，就选择for。但在He stopped his car to wait at the red light.中不用for。解题时要注意文章结构、上下文逻辑关系，整句理解和整段把握。 学生往往过于简单化地记忆单词的中文意思，而忽略实际用法及英汉差异。例：不能用succeed to do sth.表达“成功做某事”。解题时要关注语境、含义、用法及词性转化。
[典例] [2023·新课标Ⅱ卷]The flight was 53.uneventful,__and Tiffy was a great passenger. The next day, she __54__ with Karen and made it back to George in Virginia within a few days. 54.A.returned B．fought C.flew D．agreed [解析] 根据上下文可知，作者带着狗狗到达了堪萨斯城，后面的行程由Karen带着狗狗继续飞往弗吉尼亚。但学生受思维定式影响，可能看到with就下意识地以为选择agree with这个固定搭配，从而误选D项。 [自主解答] ________
随堂落实·创新应用体验
[2023·山东省实验中学高三一模]One day, on my way to a fried chicken shop, I noticed many people warming up at the starting line. Runners of all ages, __1__ and sizes, were preparing for the 5 kilometer running. I __2__ everyone looked glad and proud there, high fives happening everywhere, accompanied by friendly encouragement and wishes. I __3__ what caused such enthusiasm. The idea of running for any reason __4__ running towards an ice cream truck had never been appealing to me.
As the runners took their places at the starting line, I heard __5__ cheers from the bleachers (看台). I decided to stay and watch the whole race. The officials __6__ for the start and all the runners rushed forward. They ran with __7__ initially, but halfway, some runners looked tired, and one girl appeared __8__ exhausted. I guessed she would __9__ in no time. Just then, a man in the bleachers shouted to the girl, “Come on, Tiffany! You can do it！” Hearing the words, Tiffany gave a __10__ smile to the man and continued running. Soon some other runners who were slowing down also received __11__ from people in the bleachers. No one seemed to drop out.
Finally, Tiffany managed to arrive at the finishing line breathlessly. __12__ she wasn't the winner, but she was pleased to finish the whole race. She raised her __13__ in the air happily. Some other runners arrived one by one, and they __14__ each other. Inspired, I began trying to avoid fast food and doing exercise after that day, which changed me a lot. Now I become healthier and more __15__．,
1．A.forms B．shapes
C．heights D．names
2．A.witnessed B．appreciated
C．realized D．confirmed
3．A.knew B．accepted
C．wondered D．doubted
4．A.or rather B．other than
C．more than D．rather than
5．A.imaginable B．colorful
C．admirable D．powerful
6．A.signaled B．waved
C．shouted D．asked
7．A.ease B．caution
C．curiosity D．purpose
8．A.occasionally B．probably
C．slightly D．particularly
9．A.turn down B．burst out
C．take in D．give up
10．A.bitter B．regretful
C．shameful D．brief
11．A.cheers B．gifts
C．congratulations D．sighs
12．A.Sadly B．Obviously
C．Unfortunately D．Amazingly
13．A.head B．fingers
C．arms D．legs
14．A.dragged B．comforted
C．congratulated D．greeted
15．A.skeptical B．confident
C．careful D．conservative
[答题区]
1～5 __________ 6～10 __________
11～15 __________
第三讲 规避5大易错点 智取完形拉分题
易错点1 答案：C
易错点2 答案：C
易错点3 答案：D
易错点4 答案：C
易错点5 答案：C
随堂落实 创新应用体验
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在去炸鸡店的路上目睹了一起跑步比赛，看到参赛选手都努力完成比赛，作者受到了鼓舞，于是开始尽量不吃快餐，多做运动。
1．答案与解析：B 句意：所有年龄、身高和身材的跑步者都在为5公里跑做准备。根据后文“and sizes”可知，此处在描述跑步者的身材如何。
2．答案与解析：A 句意：我看到在场的每个人看起来都很高兴和自豪，到处都是击掌，伴随着友好的鼓励和祝福。 根据后文“everyone looked glad”可知，作者看到在场的每个人看起来都很高兴。
3．答案与解析：C 根据后文“what caused such enthusiasm”指作者想知道人们热情的原因。
4．答案与解析：B 句意：除了跑向一辆冰淇淋车之外，为了任何原因而跑的想法从来没有吸引过我。 根据后文“running towards an ice cream truck had never been appealing to me”可知，此处指除了跑向一辆冰淇淋车之外，为了任何原因而跑的想法从来没有吸引过作者，other than表示“除了……没有”。
5．答案与解析：D 句意：当跑步者们在起跑线上就位时，我听到看台上传来了热烈的欢呼声。 根据后文“cheers from the bleachers”可知，人们在给运动员加油，传来热烈的欢呼声。
6．答案与解析：A 句意：裁判员示意起跑，所有的跑步者都向前冲去。 根据后文“for the start and all the runners rushed forward”指裁判员示意起跑，所有的跑步者都向前冲去。
7．答案与解析：A 句意：他们一开始跑得很轻松，但跑到一半的时候，一些跑步者看起来很累，其中一个女孩显得特别疲惫。 根据后文“initially, but halfway, some runners looked tired”可知but表示转折，说明一开始跑得很轻松，但跑到一半的时候，一些跑步者看起来很累，故选A。
8．答案与解析：D 句意：他们一开始跑得很轻松，但跑到一半的时候，一些跑步者看起来很累，其中一个女孩显得特别疲惫。 结合上文“some runners looked tired, and one girl appeared”可知，一些跑步者看起来很累，其中一个女孩显得特别疲惫。
9．答案与解析：D 上文提到这个女孩特别累，所以作者猜测她很快会放弃比赛。
10．答案与解析：D 根据后文“smile to the man and continued running”可知，女孩对那个给她加油的人短暂地笑了笑，又继续跑。
11．答案与解析：A 句意：很快，其他一些慢下来的跑步者也受到了看台上人们的欢呼。 呼应上文“cheers from the bleachers”指跑步者也受到了看台上人们的欢呼。
12．答案与解析：B 句意：显然她不是获胜者，但她很高兴跑完全程。 根据后文“she wasn't the winner”可知，显然蒂芙尼不是获胜者。
13．答案与解析：C 根据后文“in the air happily”以及常识，完成了比赛所以是双臂在空中挥动，故选C。
14．答案与解析：C 根据上文“Some other runners arrived one by one”可知，选手都到达了终点，互相祝贺。
15．答案与解析：B 根据上文“Now I become healthier and more”可知，作者有了积极的变化，变得更健康，更自信。
