第二节 并列连词和三大从句
对连接词的考查涉及到并列连词和三大从句，是高考语法填空的重点和难点，也是学生的易错点。分析句子成分，牢记从句规则用法是解题的关键。在书面表达中灵活运用三大从句也是吸引阅卷老师的法宝之一。
如何判断填连词
典例导引 解题攻略
[2023·浙江高考1月卷] During China's dynastic period, emperors planned the city of Beijing 56.________ arranged the residential areas according to social classes. [分析] 第一步：如何确定并列连词。 分析句子结构可知， planned the city of Beijing 和arranged the residential areas是并列关系。 第二步：如何确定填哪种并列连词。 此处意为“在中国的王朝时期，帝王规划了北京城并按照社会阶级安排了人们的居住区域。”，空处前后表示并列关系， 故应用并列连词。 [答案] __and__ 第一步：确定是否填连词 首先，判断该空后面是不是一个句子。如果是句子，就确定用连词；否则就可能填介词或冠词； 第二步：如何确定并列连词 如果两个单词、短语、句子相互之间存在并列、转折、选择、因果关系时，填并列连词。 第三步：如何确定引导词 如果设空处引导从句，则首先要看它所引导的是哪一种从句，然后根据引导词的种类和功能来确定填哪一个引导词。
技法1 并列连词——关系分析法
当空格前后是两个并列成分， 如两个单词、短语、或主谓结构完整的句子等， 而且并列成分相互之间存在并列、转折、选择、因果关系等时， 空格处一般填并列连词and, but, or等。
典题试做 快捷思维
1.[2023·新课标卷Ⅰ]To eat one, you have to decide whether 57.to__bite a small hole in it first，releasing the steam and risking a spill (溢出)，________ to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue (舌头)． 2.[2023·全国乙卷]It is a distinct visual contrast (反差) that shouldn't work, ________ somehow these two very different worlds make a good combination. 3.[2023·山东省实验中学一模]The stage props (道具) are quite simple: a fan, a handkerchief ________ a table will be adequate. 4.[2023·山东省日照市二模]The gaze flies, the heart expands, the joy of the senses can reach its peak, ________ this is true happiness indeed. 5.[2021·浙江高考6月卷]Although Mary loved flowers, ________ she nor her husband was known as a gardener． 1.同等关系：and/as well as (和); both... and...(……和……都); not only... but also...(不仅……而且……)等 2.选择关系： or/otherwise(否则); either... or(要么……；要么……); neither... nor(既不……，也不……)；not... but...(不是……，而是……) 3.转折关系：but/yet/however (可是，然而) 4.因果关系：for/so/thus/therefore 5.对比关系：while
技法2 定语从句——4步法确定关系词
典题试做 快捷思维
1.[2023·全国乙卷]But for all its ancient buildings，Beijing is also a place ________ welcomes the fast paced development of modern life, with 21st century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings of the past. 2.[2023·山东省实验中学模拟]The IOC has a complete guide for those ________ want to apply to these contests. 3.[2022·新高考Ⅰ卷]The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ________ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area. 4.[2023·全国甲卷]Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, ________ Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow.” 5.[2023·山东省潍坊市三模]The main activities of the festival, ________ include competitions for kite making, flying and fighting, are scheduled. 第一步：确定是定语从句 分析句子结构，设空处无提示词，设空后的句子不完整，且对设空前的某一名词、代词或整个主句起限定作用，就要考虑填定语从句关系词。 第二步：分清限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句 在先行词的后面出现逗号的是非限制性定语从句。 ①that不能引导非限制性定语从句； ②which引导非限制性定语从句可以代表主句的全部或部分内容； ③as引导非限制性定语从句，可置于句首、句中或句末，意为“正如”。
6.[2022·全国甲卷]On the 1，100 kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, ________ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three provinces. 7.[2023·山东省淄博市一模]The Crescent Spring, ________ terrain and landscape are really distinctive, has become a romantic scenic spot. 8.[2023·山东省滨州市二模]The barbecue craze in Zibo began on March 8, ________ a group of college students rode a high speed train to the city to eat skewers. 9.[2023·河北省唐山市二模] When the freezing cold night fell, the visitors sat around the stage ________ the fire show was performed. 10.[2023·山东省泰安市三模] It will be like having a kind and helpful teacher by your side ________ has nearly all the world's medical knowledge. 11.[2023·衡水中学第四次素养测评]Traditional Chinese aesthetic (美学的) concepts are reflected in the drum playing, all of ________ represent distinctive local features. 第三步：寻找先行词，判断属性(指人还是指物，表示时间、地点，还是原因) ①先行词指人用that/who/whom/whose引导； ②先行词指物用that/which/whose引导； ③表示时间/地点/原因用when/where/why引导。
第四步：判断从句中所缺成分，确定关系词 ①缺少主语用that/which/who； ②缺少动词的宾语用that/which/who/whom； ③缺少介词的宾语用whom/which； ④缺少定语用whose； ⑤缺少时间、地点或原因状语时，分别用when, where, why。
技法3 名词性从句——搞定名词性从句4方向
设空处无提示词，先确定主句主谓结构，再确定设空处和空后的内容在主句中充当的成分：主语、宾语、表语或同位语。
典题试做 快捷思维
1.[2023·济宁市模拟]The belief behind it is ________ illness and pain occur because of blocked energy (or Qi) in the body. Acupuncture is used to reestablish the flow of energy and stimulate the body's natural healing (治愈) ability. 2.[2023·湖北省高三调研]Li also said at the news conference on Monday ________ China's planted forest conservation area has reached 87.6 million hectares, ranking No 1 in the world. 3.[2022·浙江高考1月卷]Cobb, for her part, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak ________ she could do so remotely; about three quarters of the time, they agreed. 4.[2023·宝鸡市联考]But there is some debate over ________ it was NOLA or Mobile, Alabama that had the first Mardi Gras back in the 1，700s. 5.[2023·湖北省十堰市四月调研]However, ________ his mother said didn't affect John's big interest in embroidery. 6.[2023·山东省淄博市三模]When kids take the initiative and finish a task, they feel proud of ________ they have undertaken. 7.[2023·黄冈中学5月二模]Discoveries made during the latest excavation of Pit No.1 at the Mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang, China's first emperor, have allowed Chinese archaeologists to gain more insight into ________ the world famous Terracotta Warriors and their weapons were made. 方向一：从句中不缺句子成分且句意完整 分析句子结构，从句中不缺任何成分且句子意义完整，应考虑that引导同位语从句、表语从句或宾语从句，此时that没有词义，也不作任何成分。 方向二：从句中不缺句子成分但句意不完整 分析句子结构，从句中不缺任何成分，但句意中缺少“是否”的意思时，则应考虑whether引导各种名词性从句，if可以用于引导及物动词后的宾语从句。 方向三：从句中缺少主/宾/表语 分析句子结构，从句中缺少主语、宾语、表语，考虑用连接代词what, who, whom, which, whatever等。 方向四：从句中缺少状语 分析句子结构，从句中缺少状语(结合句意判断)，考虑用连接副词where (表示地点), when (表示时间)，how (表示方式), why (表示原因)等。
技法4 状语从句——句意法＋固定句式法
典题试做 快捷思维
1.[2023·湖南省名校联盟5月压轴卷] However, ________ the conditions didn't meet the food safety standards for the tofu to be sold in supermarkets, they struggled to make a living. 2.[2023·黄冈中学5月二模]The carving of fine details was completed ________ the arms were attached. 3.[2023·苏州八校三模]Dad, you are only one step away from fulfilling your dream. You must hold on to it, no matter ________ awaits you. 4.[2023·济南市模拟]I feel I'm missing something ________ I don't eat yuanxiao during the Lantern Festival. 5.[2023·连云港市模拟二]One solution to this problem is to collect and preserve the seeds of as many different species as we can ________ they disappear. 6.[2023·保定市二模]________ it's body image, money, or fame, humblebragging is finding its way into our lives more frequently than before, thanks to social media. 7.[2023·苏锡常镇四市调研一]Without complex decoration(s), it combines buildings with scenery so well ________ the whole garden appears to be naturally endowed (赋予)． 8.[2023·重庆市模拟调研三]HuanHuan and Yuan Zai have been expanding their family ________ they arrived, thanks to the joint efforts of Beauval Zoo and China's Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding. 1.句意法确定状语从句引导词 (1)while/when/as/since引导时间状语从句； (2)before/after引导时间状语从句； (3)because/as/since/for引导原因状语从句； (4)if/unless/once引导条件状语从句； (5)though/although/while引导让步状语从句； (6)in case 引导目的或条件状语从句； (7)where/when 引导地点/时间状语从句； (8)whatever/whenever/however/whichever/wherever 引导让步状语从句 2.固定句式法确定状语从句引导词 (1)so/such... that...如此……以至于…… (2)not... until...直到……才…… (3)It will/won't be＋一段时间＋before... 没过多长时间就/过了多长时间才…… (4)It is some time(一段时间)＋since... 自从……以来已经多长时间了 (5)whether...or (not)．..无论……还是……，引导让步状语从句
随堂落实·创新应用体验
[2023·山东省潍坊市高三二模]Doctors in the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine have followed the meal time habits of more than 500 people for six years, 1.________ (find) weight change is most affected by the size and 2.________ (frequent) of meals rather than the interval (间隔) from first to last meal. It challenges the popular trend of intermittent fasting (禁食疗方) 3.________ a useful weight loss strategy.
Intermittent fasting, also referred to as time restricted feeding, is a dietary strategy where all meals 4.________ (consume) during a short window of time each day. These windows can extend from 6 to 10 hours, resulting in a person essentially fasting for up to 18 hours each day.
The idea reveals 5.________ is no link between the time of a person's eating window each day and weight changes. “Based on other studies that have come out, including 6.________ (we), we are starting to think timing of meals most likely doesn't produce 7.________ instant impact on weight loss，” said doctor Bennett. “What does matter, however, is the total number of medium and large meals a person eats over the day.” It suggests simply eating smaller meals, less frequently, is 8.________ ultimately leads to weight loss.
All of this doesn't mean intermittent fasting strategies won't help. But what does seem increasingly clear is that the weight loss benefits occasionally 9.________ (see) with these eating strategies may be primarily driven by a reduced caloric intake. It doesn't mean you can simply eat all you want in a short window each day and still expect 10.________ (lose) weight.
1．____________ 2.__________ 3.__________
4．____________ 5.__________ 6.__________
7．____________ 8.__________ 9.__________
10．__________
第二节 并列连词和三大从句
命题专家授策略
技法1
1．答案与解析：or 连词。whether...or...“是……还是……”是固定搭配。句意：要吃一个小笼包，你必须决定是先把小笼包咬个小口，把热气释放出来，冒着汤汁溢出来的风险，还是把整个包子塞进嘴里，让热汤在你的舌头上爆开。
2．答案与解析：but/yet 连词。前后分句间是转折关系，故填but/yet。
3．答案与解析：and 句意：舞台道具很简单：一把扇子、一块手帕和一张桌子就足够了。前后文为并列关系，应用连词and。
4．答案与解析：and/so 空处应填连词连接两个句子，结合句意可知，上下文是并列或因果关系，故填and/so。
5．答案与解析：neither 考查连词。根据空后的she nor her husband可知，此处为neither...nor...结构，表示“既不……，也不……”。
技法2
1．答案与解析：that/which 定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，且在从句中作主语，先行词为place，故填that/which。
2．答案与解析：who 句意：国际奥委会为那些想要申请参加这些比赛的人提供了一份完整的指南。设空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词those，指人，关系代词在从句中作主语，故填who。
3．答案与解析：that 考查定语从句。先行词the species指物，并且其前有all修饰，空处应用关系代词that。
4．答案与解析：as 定语从句。句意：然而，正如蕾切尔·卡森在《明天的寓言》中所说的那样，这种寓言形式今天仍然有价值。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，从句缺少宾语，且先行词是前面的整个主句，此处表示“正如”，所以空处填as。
5．答案与解析：which 句意：节日的主要活动包括风筝制作、放飞和格斗比赛。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词activities，在从句中作主语，指物，故填which。
6．答案与解析：who 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词指人，关系词在从句中作主语，故填who。
7．答案与解析：whose 句意：月牙泉的地形和景观非常独特，已成为一个浪漫的景点。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为The Crescent Spring，在从句中作定语，修饰名词terrain and landscape，应用关系代词whose。
8．答案与解析：when 句意：淄博的烧烤热始于3月8日，当时一群大学生乘坐高铁来到这座城市吃烤串。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词March 8，且从句缺少时间状语，故填when。
9．答案与解析：where 句意：当寒冷的夜晚来临时，观众们围坐在舞台周围，看那里的打树花表演。分析句子结构和意思可知， ________ the fire show was performed是定语从句，先行词stage在从句中作地点状语，故填where。
10．答案与解析：who/that 句意：这就像有一位善良、乐于助人的老师在你身边，他几乎掌握了世界上所有的医学知识。分析句意可知，此句包含定语从句修饰teacher，且连词在从句中作主语，故填who/that。
11．答案与解析：which 句意：鼓乐体现了中国传统的审美观念，具有鲜明的地方特色。分析句子可知，空格处为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the drum playing，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作介词of的宾语，故填which。
技法3
1．答案与解析：that 句意：它背后的信念是疾病和疼痛的发生是因为体内的能量(或气)被阻塞。分析句子可知。空处及之后的内容在句中为表语从句，空后的句子结构完整，成分齐全，所以此处使用从属连词that来连接，故填that。
2．答案与解析：that 句意：李在周一的新闻发布会上还表示，中国的人工林保护面积已达8 760万公顷，居世界首位。分析句子可知，空格处应填入宾语从句引导词，该宾语从句成分齐全，句意完整，故填that。
3．答案与解析：whether/if 考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，表示“是否”，应用whether/if。
4．答案与解析：whether 考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句；根据下文it was NOLA or Mobile可知，此处为固定搭配whether...or...，表示“是……还是……”。
5．答案与解析：what 句意：然而，母亲所说的话并没有影响John对刺绣的浓厚兴趣。句子分析可知，“________ his mother said”为名词性从句作主语，设空处在从句中作动词said宾语，故填what。
6．答案与解析：what 句意：当孩子们主动完成一项任务时，他们会为自己所做的事情感到自豪。分析句子可知，设空处在句中引导一个宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，故填what。
7．答案与解析：how 句意：中国第一个皇帝秦始皇陵墓一号坑的最新发掘发现，使中国考古学家对世界闻名的兵马俑及其武器的制造过程有了更多的了解。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，从句中结构完整，应该用连接副词引导，根据句意，故填how。
技法4
1．答案与解析：as/ because 句意：然而，由于条件不符合豆腐在超市销售的食品安全标准，他们很难谋生。引导原因状语从句，表示“由于”， 故填as/because。
2．答案与解析：before 句意：在手臂连接之前，精细的细节雕刻已经完成。分析句子结构可知，空处引导时间状语从句，根据句意，此处表达“在手臂连接之前”之意，故填before。
3．答案与解析：what 考查状语从句。根据语境和no matter可知，此处引导让步状语从句，no matter what意为“无论什么……”，连接代词what在从句中作主语，指代事物。
4．答案与解析：if 考查状语从句。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导条件状语从句，表示“如果”，应用if。
5．答案与解析：before 考查连词。根据语境可知，此处指在种子消失前，收集并保存它们；由此可知，空处应用连词before。
6．答案与解析：Whether 考查状语从句。whether...or...意为“无论……还是……”，为固定用法。
7．答案与解析：that 考查状语从句。so...that...为固定句型，意为“如此……以至于……”。
8．答案与解析：since 考查状语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导时间状语从句，表示“自从……以来”，应用连词since。
随堂落实 创新应用体验
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项新的研究表明，影响体重变化的最大因素是饮食的量和频率，而不是从第一顿饮食到最后一顿饮食的间隔时间，该研究发现挑战了间歇性禁食作为一种有用的减肥策略的流行趋势。
1．答案与解析：finding 句意：约翰霍普金斯大学医学院的医生对500多人的用餐习惯进行了六年的跟踪调查，发现影响体重变化的最大因素是饮食的量和频率，而不是从第一顿饮食到最后一顿饮食的间隔时间。分析句子可知，句子成分完整，空处用v. ing作结果状语，故填finding。
2．答案与解析：frequency 分析句子可知，空处和size并列作介词by的宾语，故填frequency。
3．答案与解析：as 句意：它挑战了间歇性禁食作为一种有用的减肥策略的流行趋势。结合常识可知，间歇性禁食常被当作一种有用的减肥策略，空处应用介词as，表示“当作”。故填as。
4．答案与解析：are consumed 句意：间歇性禁食，也被称为限时进食，是一种饮食策略，每天在短时间内食用所有食物。句子在解释间歇性禁食的内涵，是一般性的事实，应用一般现在时，空处作从句的谓语，和主语all meals之间是被动关系，故填are consumed。
5．答案与解析：there 句意：该研究表明，一个人每天进食时间的长短和体重变化之间没有联系。分析句子可知，reveals后面接了省略了that的宾语从句，从句中表示两者之间没有关联，应用there be句型，故填there。
6．答案与解析：ours 句意：Bennett医生说：“根据其他已经发表的研究，包括我们的研究，我们开始认为饮食的时间很可能不会对减肥产生立竿见影的影响。”分析句子可知，空处作介词including的宾语，表示“我们的研究”，应用名词性物主代词。故填ours。
7．答案与解析：an 分析句子可知，空处表示泛指，意为“一个，一种”，应用不定冠词，且instant以元音音素开头，故填an。
8．答案与解析：what 句意：研究表明，减少饮食的量与频率是最终导致体重减轻的原因。分析句子可知，suggests后接了省略了that的宾语从句，从句中缺少表语，表语从句中缺少主语，指物，故填what。
9．答案与解析：seen 句意：但似乎越来越清楚的是，这些饮食策略偶尔出现的减肥效果可能主要是由减少热量摄入驱动的。分析句子可知，that引导的表语从句中主要成分完整，空处作benefits的后置定语，且see和benefits之间为被动关系，故填seen。
10．答案与解析：to lose 句意：这并不意味着你可以每天在短时间内吃完你想吃的所有东西，然后还期望减肥。固定短语expect to do sth.，表示“期待做……”，故填to lose。(共47张PPT)
第二节 并列连词和三大从句
对连接词的考查涉及到并列连词和三大从句，是高考语法填空的重点和难点，也是学生的易错点。分析句子成分，牢记从句规则用法是解题的关键。在书面表达中灵活运用三大从句也是吸引阅卷老师的法宝之一。
如何判断填连词
典例导引
[2023·浙江高考1月卷] During China's dynastic period, emperors planned the city of Beijing 56.________ arranged the residential areas according to social classes.
[分析] 第一步：如何确定并列连词。
分析句子结构可知， planned the city of Beijing 和arranged the residential areas是并列关系。
第二步：如何确定填哪种并列连词。
此处意为“在中国的王朝时期，帝王规划了北京城并按照社会阶级安排了人们的居住区域。”，空处前后表示并列关系， 故应用并列连词。
[答案] __and__
解题攻略
第一步：确定是否填连词
首先，判断该空后面是不是一个句子。如果是句子，就确定用连词；否则就可能填介词或冠词；
第二步：如何确定并列连词
如果两个单词、短语、句子相互之间存在并列、转折、选择、因果关系时，填并列连词。
第三步：如何确定引导词
如果设空处引导从句，则首先要看它所引导的是哪一种从句，然后根据引导词的种类和功能来确定填哪一个引导词。
技法1 并列连词——关系分析法
当空格前后是两个并列成分， 如两个单词、短语、或主谓结构完整的句子等， 而且并列成分相互之间存在并列、转折、选择、因果关系等时， 空格处一般填并列连词and, but, or等。
典题试做
1.[2023·新课标卷Ⅰ]To eat one, you have to decide whether 57.to__bite a small hole in it first，releasing the steam and risking a spill (溢出)，________ to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue (舌头)．
答案与解析：or 连词。whether...or...“是……还是……”是固定搭配。句意：要吃一个小笼包，你必须决定是先把小笼包咬个小口，把热气释放出来，冒着汤汁溢出来的风险，还是把整个包子塞进嘴里，让热汤在你的舌头上爆开。
2.[2023·全国乙卷]It is a distinct visual contrast (反差) that shouldn't work, ________ somehow these two very different worlds make a good combination.
答案与解析：but/yet 连词。前后分句间是转折关系，故填but/yet。
3.[2023·山东省实验中学一模]The stage props (道具) are quite simple: a fan, a handkerchief ________ a table will be adequate.
答案与解析：and 句意：舞台道具很简单：一把扇子、一块手帕和一张桌子就足够了。前后文为并列关系，应用连词and。
4.[2023·山东省日照市二模]The gaze flies, the heart expands, the joy of the senses can reach its peak, ________ this is true happiness indeed.
答案与解析：and/so 空处应填连词连接两个句子，结合句意可知，上下文是并列或因果关系，故填and/so。
5.[2021·浙江高考6月卷]Although Mary loved flowers, ________ she nor her husband was known as a gardener．
答案与解析：neither 考查连词。根据空后的she nor her husband可知，此处为neither...nor...结构，表示“既不……，也不……”。
快捷思维
1.同等关系：and/as well as (和); both... and...(……和……都); not only... but also...(不仅……而且……)等
2.选择关系： or/otherwise(否则); either... or(要么……；要么……); neither... nor(既不……，也不……)；not... but...(不是……，而是……)
3.转折关系：but/yet/however (可是，然而)
4.因果关系：for/so/thus/therefore
5.对比关系：while
技法2 定语从句——4步法确定关系词
典题试做
1.[2023·全国乙卷]But for all its ancient buildings，Beijing is also a place ________ welcomes the fast paced development of modern life, with 21st century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.
答案与解析：that/which 定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，且在从句中作主语，先行词为place，故填that/which。
2.[2023·山东省实验中学模拟]The IOC has a complete guide for those ________ want to apply to these contests.
答案与解析：who 句意：国际奥委会为那些想要申请参加这些比赛的人提供了一份完整的指南。设空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词those，指人，关系代词在从句中作主语，故填who。
3.[2022·新高考Ⅰ卷]The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ________ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
答案与解析：that 考查定语从句。先行词the species指物，并且其前有all修饰，空处应用关系代词that。
4.[2023·全国甲卷]Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, ________ Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow.”
答案与解析：as 定语从句。句意：然而，正如蕾切尔·卡森在《明天的寓言》中所说的那样，这种寓言形式今天仍然有价值。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，从句缺少宾语，且先行词是前面的整个主句，此处表示“正如”，所以空处填as。
5.[2023·山东省潍坊市三模]The main activities of the festival, ________ include competitions for kite making, flying and fighting, are scheduled.
答案与解析：which 句意：节日的主要活动包括风筝制作、放飞和格斗比赛。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词activities，在从句中作主语，指物，故填which。
6.[2022·全国甲卷]On the 1，100 kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, ________ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three provinces.
答案与解析：who 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词指人，关系词在从句中作主语，故填who。
7.[2023·山东省淄博市一模]The Crescent Spring, ________ terrain and landscape are really distinctive, has become a romantic scenic spot.
答案与解析：whose 句意：月牙泉的地形和景观非常独特，已成为一个浪漫的景点。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为The Crescent Spring，在从句中作定语，修饰名词terrain and landscape，应用关系代词whose。
8.[2023·山东省滨州市二模]The barbecue craze in Zibo began on March 8, ________ a group of college students rode a high speed train to the city to eat skewers.
答案与解析：when 句意：淄博的烧烤热始于3月8日，当时一群大学生乘坐高铁来到这座城市吃烤串。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词March 8，且从句缺少时间状语，故填when。
9.[2023·河北省唐山市二模] When the freezing cold night fell, the visitors sat around the stage ________ the fire show was performed.
答案与解析：where 句意：当寒冷的夜晚来临时，观众们围坐在舞台周围，看那里的打树花表演。分析句子结构和意思可知， ________ the fire show was performed是定语从句，先行词stage在从句中作地点状语，故填where。
10.[2023·山东省泰安市三模] It will be like having a kind and helpful teacher by your side ________ has nearly all the world's medical knowledge.
答案与解析：who/that 句意：这就像有一位善良、乐于助人的老师在你身边，他几乎掌握了世界上所有的医学知识。分析句意可知，此句包含定语从句修饰teacher，且连词在从句中作主语，故填who/that。
11.[2023·衡水中学第四次素养测评]Traditional Chinese aesthetic (美学的) concepts are reflected in the drum playing, all of ________ represent distinctive local features.
答案与解析：which 句意：鼓乐体现了中国传统的审美观念，具有鲜明的地方特色。分析句子可知，空格处为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the drum playing，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作介词of的宾语，故填which。
快捷思维
第一步：确定是定语从句
分析句子结构，设空处无提示词，设空后的句子不完整，且对设空前的某一名词、代词或整个主句起限定作用，就要考虑填定语从句关系词。
第二步：分清限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句
在先行词的后面出现逗号的是非限制性定语从句。
①that不能引导非限制性定语从句；
②which引导非限制性定语从句可以代表主句的全部或部分内容；
③as引导非限制性定语从句，可置于句首、句中或句末，意为“正如”。
第三步：寻找先行词，判断属性(指人还是指物，表示时间、地点，还是原因)
①先行词指人用that/who/whom/whose引导；
②先行词指物用that/which/whose引导；
③表示时间/地点/原因用when/where/why引导。
第四步：判断从句中所缺成分，确定关系词
①缺少主语用that/which/who；
②缺少动词的宾语用that/which/who/whom；
③缺少介词的宾语用whom/which；
④缺少定语用whose；
⑤缺少时间、地点或原因状语时，分别用when, where, why。
技法3 名词性从句——搞定名词性从句4方向
设空处无提示词，先确定主句主谓结构，再确定设空处和空后的内容在主句中充当的成分：主语、宾语、表语或同位语。
典题试做
1.[2023·济宁市模拟]The belief behind it is ________ illness and pain occur because of blocked energy (or Qi) in the body. Acupuncture is used to reestablish the flow of energy and stimulate the body's natural healing (治愈) ability.
答案与解析：that 句意：它背后的信念是疾病和疼痛的发生是因为体内的能量(或气)被阻塞。分析句子可知。空处及之后的内容在句中为表语从句，空后的句子结构完整，成分齐全，所以此处使用从属连词that来连接，故填that。
2.[2023·湖北省高三调研]Li also said at the news conference on Monday ________ China's planted forest conservation area has reached 87.6 million hectares, ranking No 1 in the world.
答案与解析：that 句意：李在周一的新闻发布会上还表示，中国的人工林保护面积已达8 760万公顷，居世界首位。分析句子可知，空格处应填入宾语从句引导词，该宾语从句成分齐全，句意完整，故填that。
3.[2022·浙江高考1月卷]Cobb, for her part, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak ________ she could do so remotely; about three quarters of the time, they agreed.
答案与解析：whether/if 考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，表示“是否”，应用whether/if。
4.[2023·宝鸡市联考]But there is some debate over ________ it was NOLA or Mobile, Alabama that had the first Mardi Gras back in the 1，700s.
答案与解析：whether 考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句；根据下文it was NOLA or Mobile可知，此处为固定搭配whether...or...，表示“是……还是……”。
5.[2023·湖北省十堰市四月调研]However, ________ his mother said didn't affect John's big interest in embroidery.
答案与解析：what 句意：然而，母亲所说的话并没有影响John对刺绣的浓厚兴趣。句子分析可知，“________ his mother said”为名词性从句作主语，设空处在从句中作动词said宾语，故填what。
6.[2023·山东省淄博市三模]When kids take the initiative and finish a task, they feel proud of ________ they have undertaken.
答案与解析：what 句意：当孩子们主动完成一项任务时，他们会为自己所做的事情感到自豪。分析句子可知，设空处在句中引导一个宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，故填what。
7.[2023·黄冈中学5月二模]Discoveries made during the latest excavation of Pit No.1 at the Mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang, China's first emperor, have allowed Chinese archaeologists to gain more insight into ________ the world famous Terracotta Warriors and their weapons were made.
答案与解析：how 句意：中国第一个皇帝秦始皇陵墓一号坑的最新发掘发现，使中国考古学家对世界闻名的兵马俑及其武器的制造过程有了更多的了解。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，从句中结构完整，应该用连接副词引导，根据句意，故填how。
快捷思维
方向一：从句中不缺句子成分且句意完整
分析句子结构，从句中不缺任何成分且句子意义完整，应考虑that引导同位语从句、表语从句或宾语从句，此时that没有词义，也不作任何成分。
方向二：从句中不缺句子成分但句意不完整
分析句子结构，从句中不缺任何成分，但句意中缺少“是否”的意思时，则应考虑whether引导各种名词性从句，if可以用于引导及物动词后的宾语从句。
方向三：从句中缺少主/宾/表语
分析句子结构，从句中缺少主语、宾语、表语，考虑用连接代词what, who, whom, which, whatever等。
方向四：从句中缺少状语
分析句子结构，从句中缺少状语(结合句意判断)，考虑用连接副词where (表示地点), when (表示时间)，how (表示方式), why (表示原因)等。
技法4 状语从句——句意法＋固定句式法
典题试做
1.[2023·湖南省名校联盟5月压轴卷] However, ________ the conditions didn't meet the food safety standards for the tofu to be sold in supermarkets, they struggled to make a living.
答案与解析：as/ because 句意：然而，由于条件不符合豆腐在超市销售的食品安全标准，他们很难谋生。引导原因状语从句，表示“由于”， 故填as/because。
2.[2023·黄冈中学5月二模]The carving of fine details was completed ________ the arms were attached.
答案与解析：before 句意：在手臂连接之前，精细的细节雕刻已经完成。分析句子结构可知，空处引导时间状语从句，根据句意，此处表达“在手臂连接之前”之意，故填before。
3.[2023·苏州八校三模]Dad, you are only one step away from fulfilling your dream. You must hold on to it, no matter ________ awaits you.
答案与解析：what 考查状语从句。根据语境和no matter可知，此处引导让步状语从句，no matter what意为“无论什么……”，连接代词what在从句中作主语，指代事物。
4.[2023·济南市模拟]I feel I'm missing something ________ I don't eat yuanxiao during the Lantern Festival.
答案与解析：if 考查状语从句。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导条件状语从句，表示“如果”，应用if。
5.[2023·连云港市模拟二]One solution to this problem is to collect and preserve the seeds of as many different species as we can ________ they disappear.
答案与解析：before 考查连词。根据语境可知，此处指在种子消失前，收集并保存它们；由此可知，空处应用连词before。
6.[2023·保定市二模]________ it's body image, money, or fame, humblebragging is finding its way into our lives more frequently than before, thanks to social media.
答案与解析：Whether 考查状语从句。whether...or...意为“无论……还是……”，为固定用法。
7.[2023·苏锡常镇四市调研一]Without complex decoration(s), it combines buildings with scenery so well ________ the whole garden appears to be naturally endowed (赋予)．
答案与解析：that 考查状语从句。so...that...为固定句型，意为“如此……以至于……”。
8.[2023·重庆市模拟调研三]HuanHuan and Yuan Zai have been expanding their family ________ they arrived, thanks to the joint efforts of Beauval Zoo and China's Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding.
答案与解析：since 考查状语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导时间状语从句，表示“自从……以来”，应用连词since。
[2023·山东省潍坊市高三二模]Doctors in the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine have followed the meal time habits of more than 500 people for six years, 1.________ (find) weight change is most affected by the size and 2.________ (frequent) of meals rather than the interval (间隔) from first to last meal. It challenges the popular trend of intermittent fasting (禁食疗方) 3.________ a useful weight loss strategy.
Intermittent fasting, also referred to as time restricted feeding, is a dietary strategy where all meals 4.______________ (consume) during a short window of time each day. These windows can extend from 6 to 10 hours, resulting in a person essentially fasting for up to 18 hours each day.
finding
frequency
as
are consumed
The idea reveals 5.________ is no link between the time of a person's eating window each day and weight changes. “Based on other studies that have come out, including 6.________ (we), we are starting to think timing of meals most likely doesn't produce 7.________ instant impact on weight loss，” said doctor Bennett. “What does matter, however, is the total number of medium and large meals a person eats over the day.” It suggests simply eating smaller meals, less frequently, is 8.________ ultimately leads to weight loss.
All of this doesn't mean intermittent fasting strategies won't help. But what does seem increasingly clear is that the weight loss benefits occasionally 9.________ (see) with these eating strategies may be primarily driven by a reduced caloric intake. It doesn't mean you can simply eat all you want in a short window each day and still expect 10.________ (lose) weight.
there
ours
an
what
seen
to lose
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项新的研究表明，影响体重变化的最大因素是饮食的量和频率，而不是从第一顿饮食到最后一顿饮食的间隔时间，该研究发现挑战了间歇性禁食作为一种有用的减肥策略的流行趋势。
1．答案与解析：finding 句意：约翰霍普金斯大学医学院的医生对500多人的用餐习惯进行了六年的跟踪调查，发现影响体重变化的最大因素是饮食的量和频率，而不是从第一顿饮食到最后一顿饮食的间隔时间。分析句子可知，句子成分完整，空处用v. ing作结果状语，故填finding。
2．答案与解析：frequency 分析句子可知，空处和size并列作介词by的宾语，故填frequency。
3．答案与解析：as 句意：它挑战了间歇性禁食作为一种有用的减肥策略的流行趋势。结合常识可知，间歇性禁食常被当作一种有用的减肥策略，空处应用介词as，表示“当作”。故填as。
4．答案与解析：are consumed 句意：间歇性禁食，也被称为限时进食，是一种饮食策略，每天在短时间内食用所有食物。句子在解释间歇性禁食的内涵，是一般性的事实，应用一般现在时，空处作从句的谓语，和主语all meals之间是被动关系，故填are consumed。
5．答案与解析：there 句意：该研究表明，一个人每天进食时间的长短和体重变化之间没有联系。分析句子可知，reveals后面接了省略了that的宾语从句，从句中表示两者之间没有关联，应用there be句型，故填there。
6．答案与解析：ours 句意：Bennett医生说：“根据其他已经发表的研究，包括我们的研究，我们开始认为饮食的时间很可能不会对减肥产生立竿见影的影响。”分析句子可知，空处作介词including的宾语，表示“我们的研究”，应用名词性物主代词。故填ours。
7．答案与解析：an 分析句子可知，空处表示泛指，意为“一个，一种”，应用不定冠词，且instant以元音音素开头，故填an。
8．答案与解析：what 句意：研究表明，减少饮食的量与频率是最终导致体重减轻的原因。分析句子可知，suggests后接了省略了that的宾语从句，从句中缺少表语，表语从句中缺少主语，指物，故填what。
9．答案与解析：seen 句意：但似乎越来越清楚的是，这些饮食策略偶尔出现的减肥效果可能主要是由减少热量摄入驱动的。分析句子可知，that引导的表语从句中主要成分完整，空处作benefits的后置定语，且see和benefits之间为被动关系，故填seen。
10．答案与解析：to lose 句意：这并不意味着你可以每天在短时间内吃完你想吃的所有东西，然后还期望减肥。固定短语expect to do sth.，表示“期待做……”，故填to lose。
