Module 1 British and American English模块精品备课

登陆21世纪教育 助您教考全无忧
English for Work and Business (EWB)
(Canadian Business English institute)
The English for Wo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rk and Business (EWB) Program is designed for professionals, business people and university students. This program includes 25 hours per week of intensive instruction. Certificate and Diploma programs are available.
Students in this pr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ogram take three classes each day: Business Oral Skills, Business Writing, and Business Concepts. Although the program uses topics from work and business, the main focus is English. 21世纪教育网版权所有
Business Oral Skills
You will lea ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rn a variety of work and business communication skills (meetings, interviews, presentations, telephone calls, negotiations, etc.) and use them with confidence and accuracy. You will also improve your English pronunciation and oral fluency, public speaking and presentation. Your class speeches will be videotaped for review and faster learning.21教育网
Business Writing
You will learn to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) write clearly and accurately for all types of work and business communication (letters, faxes, email, memos, resumes, reports, etc.). You will also improve your grammar and your business English vocabulary. You will use a computer lab for your work and assignments21cnjy.com
Business Concepts
You will exp ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lore various work and business related concepts (marketing, finance, management, international trade, globalization, etc.), and review the principles of business, cultural differences in international communication, and the use of idiomatic expressions. You will also work on individual and group projects, give presentations, go on business field trips, and work on practical case studies. 21·cn·jy·com
The EWB program i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s available to students ages 19+, and is offered at the intermediate, upper-intermediate and advanced levels.
21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品资料·第 1 页 （共 2 页） 版权所有@21世纪教育网登陆21世纪教育 助您教考全无忧
Book 5 Module 1 同步评估
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
A
★★☆☆☆
The Opening of
The Book Nook
Saturday, October 4 10 a.m. to 10 p.m.
You will not ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) want to miss the opening of your new neighborhood bookstore! Located at 2289 Main Street, the Book Nook is within walking distance of schools and many homes and e and check out the Book Nook on Saturday!
Activities will include:
Live music by local musicians
One Book-of-the-Month Club membership giveaway
Wide Selection (选择)
The Book Nook has thre ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e floors with books of all kinds — any kind you could want. If we do not have the book you are looking for, we can special order it for you. You will have it in your hands within two days!21教育网
Reading Nooks
We are proud of our ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) children’s reading area on the first floor, as well as our teenagers’ nook on the second e for the activities and stay awhile! Settle in one of these inviting reading areas; take a seat with a good book and a free cup of hot chocolate. You will discover the perfect way to spend a few hours.
Book Events
The Book Nook ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )will be featuring monthly book signings by different authors, giving you a chance to meet and speak with well-known writers. Do not miss the experience of hearing these authors read aloud from their own books!
The Book-of-the-Month Club
Our Book-of-the-Mon ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )th Club will feature 12 books each year. As a member, you will be able to select one new book each month. The membership fee (费) is only $10.00 per month. That is a great price for 12 books each year!21教育名师原创作品
So please join ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) us on Saturday and learn about all that the Book Nook has to offer. You can come anytime between 10 a.m. and 10 p.m. — our activities last all day long!
21. What can we learn about the Book Nook
A. It is a well-located bookstore.
B. Any books can be found right there.
C. It is open from 10 a.m. to 10 p.m. every day.
D. The third floor is specially designed for children.21·cn·jy·com
22. According to “Reading Nooks”, a nook is _____.
A. a club that children may join
B. a space for a certain purpose
C. a program for teenage readers
D. a prize in a national competition
23. As a member of the Book-of-the-Month Club, you _____.
A. can buy any books in the Book Nook at a low price
B. may borrow as many as 12 books every week
C. need to pay 120 dollars every year
D. should be over the age of 12
24. The purpose of the text is to get more people to _____.
A. give away books
B. visit the bookstore
C. learn from famous writers
D. read different kinds of books
B
★★☆☆☆
Not a day goes ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )by when we don’t use the World Wide Web. Today it has become almost as important to every family as food and water! This year, the World Wide Web has turned 25 years old. What many people don’t know is that the web was at first created to improve communication between thousands of scientists in Switzerland.【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
In 1989, Tim ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) Berners-Lee was a 34-year-old British physicist working as a software engineer at CERN, the European Organization for Nuclear Research in Switzerland. Since CERN was a huge organization with thousands of scientists, communication between them was becoming increasingly difficult.
Berners-Lee wanted ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) to develop a system to solve the problem. His paper suggested an information system, where a page on one computer could have a link (链接) to another page on another computer (connected through the Internet), allowing scientists to read lots of information quickly. However, Berners-Lee’s boss said that it sounded exciting but impossible.
Even though there wer ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e many difficulties and few supporters, Berners-Lee went on to develop the World Wide Web. He came up with ideas such as Hyper-text Transfer Protocol (超文本传输协议) to allow computers to talk to each other, Hyper-text Markup Language (HTML) to create the pages, a server to serve the pages, and a browser (浏览器) to see them.
In December 199 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )0, the World Wide Web was demonstrated (展示) and in 1991, the WWW project was made public, so that other programmers could develop their own browsers. Berners-Lee believed that it could be used for more than scientific purposes. He wanted the Internet to be easy for anyone to use — a free open software. His wishes soon came true.
Although the World Wi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )de Web has today turned into a completely different thing from what it meant at first, it has become necessary and important to our lives, powering our mobile technologies and the way we get information.
25. The World Wide Web was created to _____.
A. help people get information easily and quickly
B. support the development of mobile technologies
C. make it easier for British scientists to communicatewww-2-1-cnjy-com
D. improve communication between scientists at CERN
26. As for Berners-Lee’s paper, his boss _____.
A. felt puzzled about it
B. was uncertain about it
C. had no confidence in it
D. showed no interest in it
27. According to the text, Berners-Lee _____.
A. doesn’t give up easily when in trouble
B. has worked at CERN for 25 years
C. is a 55-year-old Swiss physicist
D. knows little about the Internet
28. What would be the best title for the text
A. The future of the web
B. World Wide Web turns 25!
C. Tips on improving your website
D. Interview with Tim Berners-Lee
C
★★★☆☆
The Oxford Engli ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sh Dictionary has just named its Word of the Year. From “Eurogeddon”, to “green-on-blue” and “Games Maker” to “Mobot”, many words that have crossed over into real usage had been shortlisted. The winner of the American edition is GIF — short for Graphics Interchange Format (图像互换格式). The winning word of the British edition is “omnishambles” — a situation that has been completely mismanaged because of careless mistakes.【出处：21教育名师】
Language is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )as old as humans. In some ways it is surprising that languages change at all. It’s interesting to note that the English language has developed more rapidly in the last few centuries, adding many words to its vocabulary, than just a few centuries ago. As the language develops, it will be interesting to follow the influences of social events, new technologies, industries, products and experiences that bring more richness to our language.
Over the last few year ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s, the influence of the Internet has without exception been the greatest on our society. It has given us many words — maybe even taking over the English language. And this year is no exception. The American edition’s word this year is GIF.
GIF refers to a type ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )of format for pictures that can be used to create simple animations (动画). Have you seen a flip book or perhaps created one These are books with a little picture up in the right-hand corner of each page and if you flip the pages quickly enough it appears as if the little pictures are moving. Similarly to create a GIF, you can put some pictures together. When you move these pictures rather quickly, your eyes see them as movement.
GIF made its simple b ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eginnings in 1987. While it is more usually pronounced with a hard g (like [ɡ] in “great”), the programmers who developed the format prefer the use of a soft g (like [d ] in “general”).
Animated GIFs a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )re now commonly seen on the Internet. This year, the animated Gangnam style GIF was extremely popular.
29. The new words mentioned in Paragraph 1 are to show _____.
A. the Oxford English Dictionary is worth buying
B. too many words have appeared on the Internet
C. the English language is developing quickly
D. the English language has a large vocabulary
30. The last but one paragraph is mainly about _____.
A. what GIF is actually about
B. why GIF has become popular
C. how to make an animated GIF
D. when GIF made its beginnings
31. Which of the following words has a soft g
A. Dog.
B. Sign.
C. Garden.
D. Gentle.
32. What would the author most probably talk about next
A. Something about “omnishambles”.
B. The importance of a dictionary.
C. The future of the Internet.
D. The history of languages.
D
★★★☆☆
What do you hav ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e in mind when you think about your type of personality (性格) The Myers-Briggs Test offers 94 questions designed to divide people into different groups according to 16 personality types. Career advisors often use these results to show people the jobs that are likely to fit their personality and be pleasing in the long run. 21·世纪*教育网
Part of what’s made th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e test so popular with the general public is that it’s impossible to fail. While other tests are designed to find out what mental (精神的) illness someone has, the Myers-Briggs Test supposes that all 16 types represent shades of normal. Everyone who takes the test will belong to one of these types, and all of the types have a place in society.
Of course, this qual ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ity of the test is also one of the reasons why many experts question its usefulness, placing it only a step or two above astrology (占星术). They think the results are not exactly true, and that the 16 types cannot fit all people. As psychologist David J. Pittenger wrote in 1993, “The descriptions of each type are generally making you feel important or special so that most people will accept the statements as true of themselves.”
Another reason why exp ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )erts question the scientific quality of Myers-Briggs is that the answers are totally self-reported. Analysts (分析师) can spend hours explaining the results, but in the end, the test depends on whether test-takers can honestly answer questions about their own behaviors and preferences.
On the whole ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ), many psychologists feel that the Myers-Briggs Test can show how people see themselves, but not much more. That information can be useful if you’re a career advisor trying to help someone find the right job. But is it worth the millions of dollars people spend each year to run such a test It’s hard to say. We live in a culture where people seem willing to spend endless amounts of time and money to find themselves, and in that respect, it doesn’t look like Myers-Briggs will be disappearing anytime soon.
33. According to the text, the Myers-Briggs Test _____.
A. is popular among experts and psychologists
B. includes more than 100 social questions
C. divides people into 18 personality types
D. is quite helpful for career advisors
34. Which of the following does the author probably agree with
A. Test-takers should be honest about their feelings.
B. The Myers-Briggs Test is just like astrology.
C. David J. Pittenger is not easy to get along with.
D. People hope to learn more about themselves.
35. What is mainly discussed in the text
A. How personalities decide one’s career.
B. Advantages of being a career advisor.
C. Opinions on the Myers-Briggs Test.
D. The importance of being honest.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Summer safety tips for children
Summer is a time for ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )having fun in the sun! Children should be able to have fun but they should also be safe. Here are some helpful tips all parents should discuss with their children.
Never talk to strangers
36 If someon ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e suspicious (可疑的) that they don’t know comes up to them, they should immediately either run away if they are alone or go somewhere where there are other people.
Keep cool in the heat
If your childr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )en must be outdoors in extreme heat, make sure that activities should be limited to 15 minutes. 37 Remember to ask them to drink some every 20 minutes even if they do not feel thirsty.
Water safety
For children ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) who cannot swim, they should not go into the deep area of the water. And they should also play at places where there are lifeguards. This way if something were to happen, they would have someone there to help them. 38
Bike safety
39 Remember ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )to ask your children to be careful in the street, sidewalk and even the driveway of your home. They need to be taught never to ride a bike out into the street without first looking for cars, and never into the street from behind a parked car, or from in between two parked cars.
40
Children can be easil ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y persuaded into experimenting with drugs and alcohol (酒) at a young age. Summer time gives them more time to stay with their friends who may offer them drugs or alcohol. Remember to tell your children the terrible health effects they have on their body.
A. Learn to read people
B. Stay away from them
C. Riding can be fun but also dangerous.
D. Of course, water is necessary for them.
E. Children should never be in a pool alone, anyway.www.21-cn-jy.com
F. The Internet will be an educational tool for children.
G. Tell your children not to talk to anyone they don’t know.
第三部分：语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
★★★☆☆
Before readin ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )g McCarty’s story I had thought that a smile just invited unwanted attention. Afterwards I had a 41 opinion. I found that smiling could 42 myself and the people around me. 21cnjy.com
Recently I bec ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ame a(n) 43 in my son’s school. The more I drove the more I heard the other drivers 44 about a new crossing guard, the person who 45 the flow of traffic so that cars can get in and out of the school area 46 and safely. The guard, not having much 47 , seemed unsure when he made a decision, which often 48 long lines of heavy traffic. Most days he looked worried. I saw cars pass by him with the 49 drivers. I wanted to do something just to make the guard 50 .
Then I realized ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )I did have the 51 to change at least one interaction (互动) in his day. One morning when the crossing guard gave me a(n) 52 to pull into the school, I moved my car forward. Then, just before I began my 53 , I gave him a big smile. He saw me, and then his face 54 . He smiled back at me as I continued my turn.
That’s it. That ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )’s all it took. I knew I had made a 55 in his day. And 56 I have yet to speak a word to this man, I know he 57 me because we smile to each other every time he sees me behind the wheel. 2·1·c·n·j·y
Now, I 58 smile towa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rd people around me. I can’t speak for the people who have 59 these smiles, but I can say my life is so much 60 , so much more joyous, that I can’t imagine how I lived without such a smile. I hope I can make others share their happiness just as freely.
41. A. poor B. new C. strong D. popular
42. A. change B. protect C. educate D. surprise
43. A. teacher B. cleaner C. driver D. adviser
44. A. ask B. argue C. learn D. complain
45. A. admits B. controls C. breaks D. notices
46. A. quickly B. closely C. quietly D. lately
47. A. interest ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B. discussion C. experience D. consideration
48. A. drew B. reduced C. followed D. caused
49. A. careless B. impatient C. drunk D. dangerous
50. A. relaxed B. proud C. nervous D. confused
51. A. truth B. message C. power D. program
52. A. address B. gift C. report D. sign
53. A. work B. turn C. test D. journey
54. A. softened B. reddened C. darkened D. hardened
55. A. speech B. mistake C. decision D. difference
56. A. now that B. as if C. even though D. only if
57. A. believes B. recognizes C. supports D. interviews
58. A. always B. never C. hardly D. sometimes
59. A. sent B. enjoyed C. collected D. received
60. A. easier B. longer C. brighter D. busier
第Ⅱ卷
第三部分：语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
(A = Andy; B = Becky)
A: Many people still ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) remember Zhang Ziyi’s poor English at an Oscar ceremony several years ago. It has become 61. ________ permanent (永久的) embarrassment to her.
B: Yes. People 62. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) ________ went to Hollywood many years ago had to speak English well. However, it is a different story today.
A: Why
B: Hollywood is eag ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )er 63. ________ (break) into the Chinese market. Therefore, English proficiency (精通) has become a secondary 64. ________ (consider) when selecting a Chinese actor. Gong Li’s English was very bad 65. ________ she made her debut (首次演出) in Chinese Box, but she was still given a role in Miami Vice.
A: But I think however ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) fluent they are in English, it is difficult for Chinese actors to be famous in the USA.
B: You are right. On ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ly when China can produce movies that American theater-goers are fond 66. ________, can Chinese movie stars become popular over there.
A: 67. ________ (fortunate), many Chinese performers believe that English is very important for them to get a foothold (立足点) in Hollywood. At present, I 68. ________ (teach) English to a Chinese actor.
B: That’s corre ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ct. Zhang Ziyi, for example, is spending a lot of time 69. ________ (learn) English. Her English was much better at last year’s Oscar award ceremony.
A: Hollywood is a d ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ream factory. These young artists are hoping to realize 70. ________ dreams in Hollywood some day. Naturally English has become a door opener to this dream factory.21世纪教育网版权所有
第四部分：写作（共两节，满分35分）
第一节：短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Dear Editor,
I am a senior ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) high school student. Recently I’ve found that more and more students had mobile phones on their own.2-1-c-n-j-y
They think them a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) fashion to have one ever since it’s very easy to keep in touch with their friends. However, some often takes their mobiles to the classroom. Sometimes we are disturbed by a suddenly ring. What’s bad, some even send messages in class wasted much of their time.
Our classroom is w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hat we give all our attention to what we need to learn. The less we are disturbed in class, the better our achievements will be. Therefore, when a lesson is on no mobile phones should be allowed to brought into the classroom.
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节：书面表达（满分25分）
假设你目前在英国一所中学做交换生，应邀介绍自己的母语——汉语。请你根据以下提示写一篇英语演讲稿。内容包括：
1. 汉语的使用人数或范围；
2. 学习汉语的重要性；
3. 学习汉语的方法。
注意：1. 词数100左右（开头和结尾已给出，但不计入总词数）；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Good morning, everyone!
Nice to meet you! _____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
Thank you!
参考答案
21-25 ABCBD 26-30 CABCA
31-35 DADDC 36-40 GDECB
41-45 BACDB 46-50 ACDBA
51-55 CDBAD 56-60 CBADC
61. a 62. who / that
63. to break 64. consideration
65. when 66. of
67. Unfortunately 68. am teaching
69. learning 70. their
短文改错：
71. ... had mobile phones ... had → have
72. ... on their own. on → of
73. They think them ... them → it
74. ... ever since it’s ... 去掉ever
75. ... some often takes ... takes → take
76. ... a suddenly ring. suddenly → sudden　　21*cnjy*com
77. What’s bad ... bad → worse
78. ... wasted much of their time. wasted → wasting【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
79. Our classroom is what ... what → where【版权所有：21教育】
80. ... allowed to brought ... brought前加be21*cnjy*com
One possible version:
Good morning, everyone!
Nice to meet you! ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )I’m very honored to give you this speech on my mother language — Chinese.
Chinese is one of the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )major languages in the world, and it is spoken by the largest number of people in the world. With the development of China’s economy, more and more foreigners are fond of learning Chinese, so that they will get more opportunities to trade and communicate with Chinese conveniently. If you expect to learn Chinese, you should try to listen and speak Chinese more. The more you practice, the greater progress you’ll make in learning Chinese.
Thank you!
21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品资料·第 19 页 （共 19 页） 版权所有@21世纪教育网(共48张PPT)
Choose the British and American words and phrases.
apartment autumn elevator fall
first floor flashlight
flat garbage ground floor gas
holiday lift
stand in line lorry pavement petrol queue rubbish sidewalk torch
truck vacation
British
English
American
English
British English American English
flat apartment
autumn fall
lift elevator
ground floor first floor
torch flashlight
Keys:
British English American English
rubbish garbage
petrol gas
holiday vacation
queue up stand in line
lorry truck
pavement sidewalk
Rewrite the sentences using
British words.
1. We really like going on vacation in the fall.
We like going on holiday in the autumn very much.
2. You don’t need to take the elevator. Our apartment is on the first floor.
You don’t need to use the lift. Our flat is on the ground floor.
3. Did you see that truck come out of the gas station
Did you see that lorry come out of the
petrol station
4. Pass me a flashlight, Eddie. I’ve lost my
wallet.
Pass me a torch, Eddie. I’ve lost my
wallet.
Complete the sentences.
All languages ______ over a period of time.
English ___________ very rapidly.
How many people _____ Chinese
I __________ American English is very different from British English.
change develop speak think watch grow study
change
is developing
speak
don’t think
5. Millions of people _____ satellite TV
every day.
6. The percentage of non-English web
pages __________.
7. What languages ___ people ____ in
China
8. What ___ you ________ this year
watch
is growing
do
study
are
studying
1. I like Leeds because there’s more going on here than back home in the States.
2. Since English is spoken all over the world, there are lots of varieties.
Underline the words which introduce
reason.
3. As I was the only British person in the
school, they made a fuss of me.
4. I’m getting on just fine, now that I
understand the local accent.
1) because语势最强, 用来说明人所不知的原因, 回答why提出的问题, 是句子中的重要部分, 常在句末, 不能用其它三个替换。逗号可加可不加。
e.g. I haven’t been to the cinema lately,
because I am too busy.
我近来没有去看电影因为太忙了。
1. because, since, as, for 辨析
2) 当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知, 就用as或 since。since稍正式一些。
e.g. Since /As the weather is so bad, we
have to delay our journey.
既然天气这么糟，我们不得不推迟
旅行。
3) 由because引导的从句如果放在句末, 且前面有逗号, 则可以用for来代替。但如果不是说明直接原因, 而是多种情况加以推断, 就只能用for。
e.g. He is absent today, because/for he is ill.
他今天没来，因为他病了。
He must be ill, for he is absent today.
他肯定是病了，因为他今天没来。
4) 当because引导的从句与否定的主句连用, 而主句又位于句首时, 之前不用逗号, 因为主句动词否定的是其后的全部内容。为了突出because从句, because前常加上副词, 如: just, only, simply, chiefly等。
e.g. You should not despise a man
just because he is poorly dressed.
2. now that 既然，因为，由于
e.g. Now that I am free, I can enjoy
music for a while. 既然有空，我可以享受一下音乐。
The days are closing in now that it
is autumn. 由于已是秋天，白昼越来越短了。
Which word do we use more often to introduce a reason
Which expression shows that a situation has changed
3. Which two words often come at the beginning of a sentence
because
now that
since and as
Answer the questions.
Complete the sentences with because, since/as or now that.
1. It is useful to learn English _________ it is spoken all over the world.
2. ________ they see lots of American films, the British are used to American accents.
because/as
Since/As
3. Americans like the British accent _______ they think it is cute.
4. It’s easier to compare British and American English ________ we have the Internet.
because
now that
The father as well as his three children ____ skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter.
A. is going B. go
C. goes D. are going
The wet weather will continue tomorrow when a cold front ____ to arrive.
A. is expected B. is expecting
C. expects D. will be expected
“Life is like walking in the snow,” My mother used to say, “because every step ____.”
A. has shown B. is showing
C. shows D. showed
Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across this open sea, which ____ the Pacific, and we met no storms.
A. was called B. is called
C. had been called D. has been called
归纳：
1. 一般现在时可以用来表示经常性、习惯性的动作。
2. 在时间、条件、让步状语从句中常用一般现在时表示将来时。
3. 一般现在时可以用来表示现在的情况或状态。
4. 一般现在时可以用来表示普遍真理和客观存在的事实。
5. 一般现在时还可以用来表示主语的特征、性格或能力；还可用于begin，come，leave，go，arrive, start, stop, return等转移动词，表示按计划、规定、时刻安排好的要发生的动作。
— What’s that noise
— Oh, I forgot to tell you. The new
machine _____.
A. was tested B. will be tested
C. is being tested D. has been tested
Teenagers _____ their health because they play computer games too much.
A. have damaged B. are damaging
C. damaged D. will damage
Ladies and gentlemen, please fasten your seat belts. The plane _____.
A. takes off B. is taking off
C. has taken off D. took off
归纳：
1. 现在进行时表示说话时正在进行或发生的动作。
2. 现在进行时表示现阶段正在进行的动作。
3. 现在进行时也可用于begin，come，leave，go, arrive, start, stop, return等转移动词，表示按计划、安排、打算要发生的动作。
1. Up to now, the program _____ thousands of children who would otherwise have died.
A. would save B. saves
C. had saved D. has saved
2. I like these English songs and they ____ many times on the radio.
A. taught B. have taught
C. are taught D. have been taught
3. — ____ leave at the end of this
month.
— I don’t think you should do that
until _____ another job.
A. I’m going to; you’d found
B. I’m going to; you’ve found
C. I’ll; you’ll find
D. I’ll; you’d find
归纳：
现在完成时表示过去发生或已完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果,也可表示过去已经开始, 持续到现在（可能还会继续进行下去）的动作或状态。
现在完成时可以和以下时间状语连用：till now，up to now, so far, in the past / last ... years, these few ...，for ..., since ... ；
2. 现在完成时可以和already, yet, before, recently, lately等表示不确定的过去的时间状语连用；
3. 现在完成时还可以和表示频度的时间状语连用, 如: often, sometimes, rarely, ever, never, once, ... times等；
4. 另外, 现在完成时还可以用在时间或条件状语从句中, 表示将来某时已完成的动作。
Translate the following sentences.
1. 我们见面时我会和你讨论此事。
2. 对不起, 你不能把这本字典拿走。我
正在用它。
I’ll discuss this matter with you when we meet.
Sorry, you can’t take the dictionary away. I’m using it.
3. 当我完成这本书的时候我会给你写信。
I’ll write to you when I have finished the book.
Complete the sentences with since and for.
English grammar has not changed much ____ the time of Shakespeare.
The American spelling system has existed ___ about 200 years.
I have been studying English ____ I was in primary school.
since
since
for
4. We have an American teacher. He has been here ____ January.
5. CNN has been on the air ___ more than 20 years.
6. Monita Raipal has worked for CNN ____ the year 2000.
since
for
since
一. 现在完成时既可以与since引导的时
间状语从句连用，又可以与since构
成的短语连用。
1. since作连词，后跟句子，它所表示的时间是“从某一点开始”。若从句谓语为终止性动词，主句的时间则从这一“时刻”算起。
since和for
e.g. He has lived here since he lefts Shanghai.
他自从离开上海就一直住在这里。
若从句为延续性或状态性动词，则从其
动作结束“那点”算起。
e.g. It is six years since he was a teacher.
I haven’t heard from her since she
lived there.
2. since作介词，后跟表示时间的名词，必须是表示“时间的一点”，不能表示时间的一段。
e.g. He has taught at this school since
1965.
他从1965年就在这所学校任教了。
二. 现在完成时与介词for构成的短语连用。
1. 介词for构成的短语，表示时间的长度，
后跟一段时间，不能跟时间的一点。
e.g. We have studied English for two years.
我们学英语已经两年了。
They have known each other for five
years.
他们认识已经有五年了。
2. 终止性动词不能与表示一段时间的介词for连用，但它的否定式可与介词for连用。
e.g. I have not received his letter for two
months.
He has had the dictionary for two
weeks. (buy 用 have代替)
My father has been in the Party for
ten years. (join 用 be in)
Do exercises 1-4 on page 67.get around
【归纳】get around意为：①（消息）传开，传出去；② 走动，到处旅行；③ 回避，逃避，绕过困难。如：2·1·c·n·j·y21教育网
Bad news gets around quickly.
It is difficult for him to get around without a stick.【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
Mary’s father really ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 ) gets around — Monday he was in Washington, Wednesday he was in Chicago and today he is in New York.www.21-cn-jy.com21cnjy.com
It is wrong of you to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 ) get around the regulation. Everyone must obey it.
They have got around the difficulty by writing to the headmaster.
【拓展】其它含get的短语：
★ get about意为“走动，旅行，传播”。如：
The news got about that the firm was closing down.21世纪教育网版权所有
He was ill last week, but he is getting about now.21教育网21·cn·jy·com
★ get across意为“把 讲清楚，被理解”。如：
He taught me how to get my ideas across.
The message got across all right.
★ get along (with) 意为“相处，进展”。如：
She gets along well with her classmates.
I’m not getting along very fast with this job.
【即学即练】用适当的副词填空。
1. The story has got ________ everywhere.
2. He was unable ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )to get ________ to the group what he meant.21·cn·jy·com
3. The boy gets ________ very nicely with his sister.21cnjy.com21世纪教育网版权所有
4. All this snow and ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )ice makes it difficult for people to get ________.
get around
【即学即练】1. about / around 2. across
3. along 4. about / around(共26张PPT)
British English
American English
World English
Work in groups. Read the notes and decide which is the best variety of English to learn.
The Great Debate: Which English
British English
the “original” variety of the language
the language of Shakespeare and other
great writers
The BBC and many international
newspapers use it.
American English
Most native speakers of English use an
American variety.
The variety most used in international
business
Most English language films are
American.
World English
neither American nor British
English doesn’t belong to one group of
people.
Accent is not important if people
understand each other.
We need to communicate with non-
native speakers as well as native
speakers.
The Origin of Chinese
What is Chinese
Varieties of Chinese
Read the paragraph in Part 3. Choose the best title.
Collect information about the 3 topics and write more paragraphs.
1. The Writing System
About 50,000 characters/most people know about 20,000/elements of meaning and information about pronunciation/
2. Varieties of Chinese
8 main varieties/called dialects/ Wen yan and Baihua/ Putonghua-simplified Chinese
3. The Language Today
Pinyin, a writing system since 1958/
help to use Putonghua
Noah Webster
Born: October 16, 1758
Place: Hartford, Connecticut
Died: May 28, 1848
Place: New Haven, Connecticut
Do you know this man
Noah Webster was a truly remarkable man, shrewd, passionate, learned and energetic. He was the author of the first American Dictionary.
Read quickly and check the answers with deskmates.
1. What does the first paragraph talk about
2. What does it say about the spelling of English
British English is so complicated.
The spelling of words does not always represent the sound.
3. What’s the relation between the
spelling and the sound in English
4. Does English spelling always
represent its sound
The spelling of words does not always represent the sound.
No, it doesn’t.
Read again and and fill in the blanks.
Noah Webster was a(n) 1. ________ who graduated from Yale University in 1778. He had fought against 2. ________ in the American War of Independence when he was young. He thought that 3. ________ English in the newly independent United States should have a distinctive “4. ________” look. So he began working on American English.
teacher
the British
written
American
Noah Webster suggested in his first book 5. ___________________________ that the spelling of English words should be simplified. The book gained great popularity and became one of the most popular school books ever.
Webster’s best-known work, American Dictionary of the English Language
The Elementary Spelling Book
first appeared in 6. ________. It quickly became a(n) 7. _____________________ in the States though the British 8. ________ it. Today, it’s still the number one dictionary for American students.
1828
standard reference book
criticised
For Americans things are a little bit easier, thanks to the work of Noah Webster, …
thanks to 由于, 因为;幸亏,多亏
常位于句首, 表感谢或讽刺。
e.g. Thanks to your help, we finished the work head of time. 多亏你的帮助, 我们提前完成了任务。
Thanks to the bad weather, the match had been put off. 多亏这倒霉的天气, 比赛推迟了。
2. due to sth./sb. 某人/某物引起的;
由于某人/某物
e.g. The team’s success was largely due to
her efforts. 该队的成功在很大程度上是由于她的
努力。
They arrived late due to the storm. 他们由于风暴而来迟。
3. in favor of 同意，支持
e.g. She is all in favor of my suggestion.
她完全赞同我的建议。
Are you in favor of his opinion
你会赞成他的意见吗
4. 单词比较：adopt / adapt
adopt
采取; 采纳; 吸收 过继, 收养 (as)
adapt
使适应, 使适合 (to) 改编, 改写 (for)
1. After much deliberation, the president decided to ______ her suggestion.
2. The author is going to ______ his play for television.
3. Mr. Kern _____ the orphan as his own son.
4. He tried hard to _____ himself to the new conditions.
adopt
adapt
adopt
adapt
1. Do exercises 16-18 on page 72.
2. Write a postcard to a friend at home. Tell them about your trip to the UK or the USA.登陆21世纪教育 助您教考全无忧
American and British English
American and British ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) English are dialects(方言) of English which have a recognized standard form and are equally acceptable in Academic English as long as the style and register (语域)used are appropriately formal. There are no significant differences in the academic form of other varieties of English. These tend to resemble either the American or British form. For example, Australian English generally uses the same spelling as British English. 21教育网
Differences between British and American English.
Throughout this ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )page, blue is used to denote British English and red to denote American English. 21世纪教育网版权所有
The most noticea ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ble difference in the academic context is in spelling. There are also grammatical differences and vocabulary differences, although relatively few in formal language.2·1·c·n·j·y
Spelling
In general, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )both American and British spelling are acceptable, but it is important to be consistent, at least with the use of the same word - theatre or theater, but not both - and in your choice of ize or ise endings as in criticize or criticise, plagiarize or plagiarise. The Cambridge International Dictionary of English gives British, American and Australian English spelling. American spelling tends to reflect pronunciation and British spelling tends to reflect grammatical or historical implications(含义) as well. www.21-cn-jy.com
However, there ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )may be advantages in using British spelling in certain situations. For instance, two forms: programme and program exist in British English. The former can be a noun referring to television programmes or programmes of events (plans, conferences, a theatre programme etc.). The latter can be a noun referring to computer programs. Both forms can be verbs, but there is no spelling distinction between them except in the infinitive form (as in She learned how to program the computer to calculate the value of the pound against the Euro at twelve hourly intervals) and the present tense. If you wish to make reference to both meanings in your writing, then British English makes a useful reference (meaning) distinction between the two, while American English has only one form program to refer to both. 【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
British English ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) distinguishes between practice (noun) I haven't done my cello practice yet and practise (verb) He practises the cello for ten minutes every morning. However, American English tends to use practice as both a noun and a verb. Students taking Cambridge examinations are advised to adopt the British system as this reflects the underlying(根本的) grammatical (part of speech) distinction. 21·世纪*教育网
Grammatical differences
There are few gra ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )mmatical differences between American and British English that are of concern in Academic Writing. The past participles got and gotten are one of the most obvious differences, but they are rarely used in formal writing. The Euro has got/gotten rid of the currency exchange transactions(交易) which used to be necessary before the single currency was instated(设置) is more likely to be formally expressed as The Euro has abolished the need for currency exchange transactions.
American English acc ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )epts the use of the simple past tense with just, already and yet (Did you see him yet /He just went out /Did you go there already ) while British English requires the use of the present perfect (Have you seen him yet /He has just gone out/Have you been there already ) In Academic English, the British form is preferable as the American form tends to be perceived as informal (rather than inaccurate). www-2-1-cnjy-com
Particle differe ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nces - Clinton met with the representatives of the Daughters of the Revolution / Clinton met the representatives - are not significant, though British markers may 'correct' the with as it seems informal. 21cnjy.com
American English ca ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n make what British English considers to be uncountable nouns plural, for example technologies. When this occurs with formal, technical vocabulary in a specific context - the new technologies - British English, over time, tends to adopt the same form. 2-1-c-n-j-y
Vocabulary differences
There are many vocab ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ulary differences - flat, pavement, tap, trousers or apartment, sidewalk, faucet, pants, for example. Most cause few problems except where the same word has a different meaning. Pants in British English refers to underwear, for example. It may be wise to check with British friends in case meaning is different in English or in case a particular form does not exist in British English.
In general, th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e main object in Academic English is to communicate (remember Clarity and Reality particularly here) your message to your reader - probably your tutor or examiner - so bear their understanding and preferences in mind when you make decisions about the most appropriate form to use. 　　21*cnjy*com
Doreen du Boulay, Sussex Language Institute 1998-2001.21·cn·jy·com
Web version by Matthew Platts.
21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品资料·第 3 页 （共 3 页） 版权所有@21世纪教育网登陆21世纪教育 助您教考全无忧
Why is English used so widely
English has be ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )come the international language of business and will remain so for a long time. So why exactly has English taken front stage when there are so many other languages spoken by a much greater number of people The answer lies in the simplicity of the grammatical structure of the English language at its most basic level. Every “thing” in English uses the pronoun “it” and the definite article “the”. In many other languages an object can be masculine (阳性的), feminine (阴性的) or neutral (中性的) and the gender (性) of the object can affect the whole sentence. The same problems apply to adjectives, adverbs and pronunciations. And this is only dealing with European languages which stem from Latin, Greek etc. When one learns Chinese, Japanese, Arabic etc, he can appreciate the difficulty of learning even the most basic structures of these languages.21世纪教育网版权所有
Of course, th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ere are also political, historical and economical reasons for English being the most widely used language when it comes to modern business, but the fact that it is easy to understand Basic English has to be the most appealing advantage for non-native speakers of English. However, it is the communication between the native English speaker and the non-native English speaker that tends to create the most problems. The reason for this is that the native English speaker tends to slip into colloquial (口语的) speech, slang, idiomatic (包含习语的) language, speak too quickly or have a strong regional accent. But when two or more non-native English speakers communicate in Basic English it usually works out fine because nobody is out to impress and the goal is to simply understand and respond at a simple level. This is not to say that English doesn’t have complexities; in fact at higher levels it can be just as difficult as any other language. But as long as a learner uses the famous K.I.S.S. (Keep It Short and Simple) technique it is definitely the easiest language for global communication.
21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品资料·第 1 页 （共 1 页） 版权所有@21世纪教育网登陆21世纪教育 助您教考全无忧
WORDS
Compare
【语境展示】
1． I compared the c ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )opy with / to the original, but there wasn’t much difference.
我比较了复印件和原件，但是差别不是很大。
2. Poets often compare man’s life to a river.
诗人经常把人生比作一条河。
3. Does his latest novel compare with his first one 21·cn·jy·com21·cn·jy·com
他最新的这部小说比得上他的第一部小说吗？
【自我归纳】
compare vt. 比较，对 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )比；比作。表示“_____”时常用于compare ... with / to ... 结构，如句1；表示“把……比作……”时常用于_____ 结构，如句2。
vi. 相比，比得上，常用于compare with结构，如_____。
【拓展】 comparison n. 比较
make a comparison作比较
by / in comparison 比较起来
in comparison with与……相比
【即学即练】用适当的介词填空。
1. Compared _____ other vehicles, such as trains and planes, cars are a lot more convenient.2-1-c-n-j-y2·1·c·n·j·y
2. Shakespeare compared the world _____ a stage.
3. The quality of E ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )nglish wines can now compare _____ wines from Germany.
Key : 1. with / to 2. to 3. with
Obvious
【语境展示】
1. The obvious way of reducing pollution is to use cars less.21教育网
减少污染的一个很明显的方法就是少用车。
2. Of course, your meaning is obvious.
当然，你的意思是显而易见的。
3. I know you don’t like her, but do you have to make it so obvious
我知道你不喜欢她，但是你有必要表现得那么明显吗
4. It is obvi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ous to me that you’re unsatisfied with your job.　　21*cnjy*com
对我来说你不满意你的工作是显而易见的。
【自我归纳】
obvious adj. 明显的， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )显而易见的。可作_____，如句1；作表语，如_____；作_____，如句3，还可用于It is obvious (to sb.) that ...句型，如句4。
【即学即练】汉译英。
1. 他在化学考试中犯了一个很明显的错误。
2. 她的脸色看起来苍白，很明显她生病了。
Key:
1. He made an obvious mistake in the chemistry examination.21·世纪*教育网
2. Her face looks ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )pale. It is obvious that she is ill.【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
Remark
【语境展示】
1. The judges r ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )emarked on the high standard of entries for the competition.
评委们说明了参赛的高标准。
2. He remarked that the play was very interesting.21cnjy.com21·世纪*教育网
他说那部戏很有趣。
3. Her remarks on the employment question led to a heated discussion.
她的有关就业问题的评论引起了一场激烈的讨论。
4. The movie is so ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) bad that it’s not even worthy of remark.www-2-1-cnjy-com
这部电影太糟糕了，不值得一提。
【自我归纳】
remark v. 谈论，评论。作不及物动词时，常与介词_____连用， 如句1；作及物动词时，可接_____作宾语，如句2。【出处：21教育名师】www-2-1-cnjy-com
n. 话语，谈论，评论，常用作可数名词，如_____；引人注目，注意，常用作不可数名词，如句4。
【拓展】 remarkable adj. 值得注意的；非凡的；显著的；出众的
【即学即练】 指出下列句子中remark的词性，并翻译整个句子。
1. Several people remarked on her new hairstyle.
2. He remarked that it was getting late.
3. We should b ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )e very interested to hear your remarks on the passage we have just read.21教育名师原创作品21世纪教育网版权所有
Key :
1. vi. 有几个人评论了她的新发型。
2. vt. 他说天不早了。
3. n. 我们很想听听你对我们刚读的那篇文章的评论。
variation
【归纳】
★ variation是名词，意为“变动，变化”时，既可用作可数名词，也可用作不可数名词。如：
There has been no variation in the temperature.
Variations in pressure are very slight.
★ variation意为“变化了的形式，改变”时是可数名词。如：
There are many variations of this story.
It was a variation from my usual work.
【拓展】
★ vary v. 意为“不同，改变”。如：
People vary very much in their ideas.
Prices vary a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ccording to the type of room you require.www.21-cn-jy.com21教育网
★ various adj.意为“各种各样的，各种不同的”。如：
She took the job for various reasons.
★ variable adj.意为“多变的，变化无常的”。如：
I will agree that the weather is very variable here.2·1·c·n·j·y21cnjy.com
★ variety n.意为“多样化，多变性，品种，变体”。如：
We all need variety in our diet.
There are several varieties of red roses.
【即学即练】用vary的正确形式填空。
1. My taste in classi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )cal music ________ greatly, but I usually prefer Mozart.
2. The films sh ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e makes are all ________ on the same theme.【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
3. There are ________ ways to answer your question.【版权所有：21教育】
4. The quality of the hotel food is distinctly ________.21*cnjy*comwww.21-cn-jy.com
5. The lake has more than 20 ________ of fish.
答案
variation
【即学即练】1. varies 2. variations 3. various 21世纪教育网版权所有
4. variable 5. varieties
21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品资料·第 5 页 （共 5 页） 版权所有@21世纪教育网登陆21世纪教育 助您教考全无忧
Module 1 British and American English
I. 模块教学目标
技能目标Skill Goals▲ Talk about varieties of English▲ Practise giving reasons▲ Review of verb forms ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ): present simple, present continuous, present perfect and future reference; for and since with present perfect▲ Identify a variety of English▲ Write about the Chinese language
II. 目标语言
功 能 句 式 Practise giving reasonsI like Leeds because t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )here’s more going on here than back home in the States.Since English is spo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ken all over the world, there are lots of varieties.As I was the only Brit ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ish person in the school, they made a fuss of me.I’m getting on just fine, now that I understand the local accent.Everyday EnglishHow are you getting on I don’t get it.... get used to ...That’s a good point.... make a fuss of ...
词 汇 1. 四会词汇adopt, com ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )bination, c ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ompare, confusing, dimension, distinctive, elevator, exchange, flashlight, graduate, international, lift, line, lorry, obvious, omit, packet, pavement, petrol, preposition, queue, reference, remark, remove, represent, settler, simplify, slight, standard, steadily, sidewalk, torch, variety2. 认读词汇linguist, acc ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ent, motorway, underground, subway, differ, variation, satellite, flick, witch, structure, rapidly, announcement, linguistics, edition, cute, add, attempt, look, criticise3. 词组have ... in common, ma ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ke a difference, get around, be similar to, have difficulty (in) doing sth., lead to, in favour of, refer to ... as ..., thanks to4． 重点词汇和短语adopt, compare, confusing, remark, remove, represent, simplify, have ... in common, make a difference, get around, be similar to, have difficulty (in) doing sth., lead to, in favour of, refer to ... as ..., thanks to
语 法 Review of verb forms: ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )present simple, present continuous, present perfect and future reference; for and since with present perfectThe British say Have y ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ou got... While Americans prefer Do you have... Some experts believe that two varieties are moving closer together.Many factors have had an influence on American pronunciation.Some people now believe that British English will disappear.In the future, there are going to be many “Englishes”.Look! The man is filling his automobile with gas.
重 点 句 子 1. The accent, which ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )is most similar to British English, can be heard on the East Coast of the US. 2. A Londoner ha ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s more difficulty understanding a Scotsman from Glasgow than understanding a New Yorker. 3. For Americans things are a little bit easier, thanks to the work of Noah Webster, a teacher who graduated from Yale University in 1778.
Ⅲ. 教材分析与教材重组
1. 教材分析
本模块以British a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nd American English为话题，从听说读写等方面谈论了英国英语和美国英语的异同，并对英语的发展趋势作了概括。文中最后总结不论讲哪种英语，沟通交流是目的，只要人们相互理解，哪种英语都不重要，所以将来会有很多种英语，而不是只有英国英语和美国英语。
1.1 INTRODUCTION 通过谈论英语的发展和两篇email来区分英美英语，为本模块的学习奠定了良好的基础。
1.2 READING AND SPEAKING介绍英美英语的区别及英语的发展趋势。
1.3 VOCABULARY介绍了英美英语在词汇方面的区别。
1.4 GRAMMAR 复习英语动词时态：一般现在时、现在进行时、一般将来时和现在完成时。
1.5 VOCABULARY ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )AND LISTENING要求学生讨论交流学生在生活及学习中可能遇到的问题，然后听一段交流学生谈论不同英语对他们的影响及英语的发展趋势的听力材料并回答问题。
1.6 EVERYDAY ENGLISH 是对一些英语习惯用语的理解练习。
1.7 FUNCTION练习使用because, since / as 和now that句型来说明原因。
1.8 SPEAK ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ING AND WRITING要求学生通过小组活动，辩论学习哪一种英语（British, American or World English）是最好的。写作部分要求学生根据提示写一篇介绍汉语的文章。
1.9 CULTURAL CORNER ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) 是一篇关于韦氏简化英语拼写的文章，鼓励学生找出韦氏编写词典的原因，并且比较韦氏工作与汉语简化的相似之处。
1.10 TASK 要求同学们上网通过 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )对The Guardian (www.guardian.co.uk) 与USA Today ( www.usatoday.com) 相同话题文章的对比，找出英美英语的不同。
2. 教材重组
2.1 将INTRODUC ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )TION与VOCABULARY及WORKBOOK中 的Vocabulary整合在一起上一节“词汇课”。重点介绍英美英语在词汇方面的不同，为学习课文打下基础。
2.2 把READING AND SPEAKING及其后面的练习题整合在一起上一节“阅读课”。
2.3 把GRAMMAR和WORKBOOK中的Grammar整合在一起上一节“语法课”。
2.4 将VOCABULARY A ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ND LISTENING，EVERYDAY ENGLISH, FUNCTION和WORKBOOK中的Listening and speaking 结合在一起，上一节“听说课”。
2.5 将CULTURAL CORNER 和SPEAKING AND WRITING 设计为一节“综合课（一）”。
2.6将TASK,WORKBOOK的Reading和 Speaking and writing 设计为一节“综合课（二）”。
3. 课型设计与课时分配（经教材分析，本模块可以用6课时教完。）
1st Period Vocabulary Building
2nd Period Reading
3rd Period Grammar
4th Period Listening and Speaking
5th Period Integrating Skills (I)
6th Period Integrating Skills (II)
IV. 分课时教案
The First Period Vocabulary Building
Teaching goals 教学目标
1. Target language目标语言
重点词汇和短语
accent, linguist, have ... in common, make a difference2·1·c·n·j·y
2. Ability goals能力目标
Enable students to me ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )morize some common words which are different in American and British English so that they can tell British English from American English.
3. Learning ability goals学能目标
By comparing two ema ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ils, students will learn some differences between British English and American English.21*cnjy*com
Teaching important points教学重点
Some common wor ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ds which are different in American and British English.
Teaching difficult points 教学难点
How to memorize t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he common words which are different in British English and American English.
Teaching methods教学方法
Explaining and practising.
Teaching aids教具准备
A projector and a computer.
Teaching procedures & ways教学过程与方式
Step I Lead-in
T: Good morning / afternoon, class!
Ss: Good morning / afternoon, Mr / Ms...
T: What is the most widely spoken language in the world
Ss: English.
T: Quite right. Now ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) look at the map of the world, you will find how widely English is being used as an official language.www-2-1-cnjy-com
Show the following map on the PowerPoint.
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
Step II General knowledge on Englishes
In order to stimulate students’ interest, give them a quiz.
T: From the map, we kn ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ow that many people are speaking English all over the world. Do you think they are speaking the same English
Ss: Of course not.
T: How much do yo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )u know about different Englishes, boys and girls Now let’s do a quiz on varieties of English. It doesn’t matter if you don’t know the correct answer. You may work in groups and a few minutes later we will check the answers together.
Show the following on the PowerPoint.
Do you know Englishes A quiz on varieties of English
Multiple-choice exercise
1. American Eng ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lish and British English spell some words differently. All these words are spelt the British way except one. Which one is spelt the American way
a. colour b. mustache c. traveller d. tyre
e. organisation
2. Bob Marley ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )is from Jamaica, an English speaking country in the Caribbean. One of his songs is called No Woman, No Cry. This is Caribbean English. What would the translation be in Standard English
a. If you don’t have a woman, you don’t cry.
b. I don’t have a woman and I am crying.
c. Don’t cry, woman.
d. Women don’t cry.
e. The woman is crying.
3. Which country does ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )NOT have English as an official language （note: there are three correct answers here）
a. Pakistan b. Bangladesh c. India d. Japan
e. Sri Lanka
4. There is a type of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) accent called RP. RP means Received Pronunciation. Which of the following English people speak with an RP accent
a. Prince Charles b. Robbie Williams
c. Paul McCartney d. Tony Blair
e. David Beckham
5. In what coun ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )try might you hear the following expression: “Goodday!”
a. The United States b. Australia c. Canada
d. England e. South Africa
6. Which of the follow ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ing signs would you see in San Francisco, USA (Note: there are two correct answers here)
a. Subway tickets available here.
b. Ask your waiter for the check.
c. Nappies and baby clothes on sale!
d. Telephone box.
e. Elevator is out of service.
7. Kofi Annan, the UN ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )General Secretary, is from an English speaking country in Africa. Which country is he from
a. South Africa b. Nigeria c. Zambia d. Ghana e. Zimbabwe
Sample answers:
1. b
For a, c, d a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nd e, Americans spell them color, traveler, tire and organization.
2. c
3. b, d and e
4. a
RP is considered by ma ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ny to be the accent of the elite. But actually very few English people speak with an RP accent now.
5. b
It is an informal way of saying Hello in Australia.
6. a and e
Subway is an American word. In Britain people say tube.
In America, people ask the waiter for the bill.
Nappies are diapers in American English.
In American people call it a telephone booth.
In Britain, an elevator is called a lift.
7. d
Step III Introduction
T: After learning ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) some information about Englishes, let’s hear recordings of accents from around the English speaking world.
Click on any of the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) flags below to hear recordings of accents from around the English speaking world.
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
T: After hearing the recordings, what would you like to say
S: Different people speak English with a different accent.
S: I think American English sounds more beautiful.
S: ...
T: So we can get the c ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )onclusion that since English is spoken all over the world, there are lots of varieties. But what are the two main varieties
Ss: British English and American English.
Show the symbols of the two countries on the PowerPoint.
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
Step IV Vocabulary
T: In this class we ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) are going to learn some common words which are different in American English and British English. Here is the list. I hope the vocabulary list will help you know some of the differences between American English and British English.
Show the follow ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ing on the PowerPoint or print it out as handouts for the students.
American English British English
apartment flat
argument row
baby carriage pram
band-aid plaster
bathroom loo or WC
can tin
chopped beef mince
cookie biscuit
corn maize
diaper nappy
elevator lift
eraser rubber
flashlight torch
fries chips
gas petrol
guy bloke, chap
highway motorway
license plate number plate
line queue
mail post
motor home caravan
movie theater cinema
pants trousers
parking lot car park
period full stop
pharmacist chemist
potato chips crisps
rent hire
sausage banger
sidewalk pavement
soccer football
sweater jumper
trash can bin
truck lorry
trunk (car) boot
vacation holiday
vest waistcoat
windshield (car) windscreen
zip code postal code
T: Open your b ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ooks at page 4. Let’s do the vocabulary exercises. You may work in pairs. Three minutes later exchange your answers with your neighbour pair. After that we will check the answers with the whole class.21世纪教育网版权所有
After checking the an ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )swers, go on with the vocabulary exercises in the WORKBOOK.
Step V Vocabulary (WORKBOOK)
T: OK, let’s come to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the vocabulary exercises in the WORKBOOK. Work in groups to do Exercise 5. First match the British English words with the American English words. Then each member makes a sentence using any of the given words, the other members are required to judge which English he or she is speaking.
After dealing w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ith Exercise 5 in this way, ask 5 pairs of students to speak out the sentences in Exercise 6, one in British English and the other in American English. Suppose 5 students are from the US, while the other 5 from the UK. The rest of the class will guess which country he or she comes from after hearing his or her sentence.
As for Exercises 7 & 8, students will be asked to do the exercises individually. Five minutes later check the answers with the whole class. Show the answers on the PowerPoint. Make sure every student knows the correct answers so that they can use these words correctly. 2-1-c-n-j-y
Step VI Practice
Ask the stude ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nts to read the two emails on page 1 and decide which writer is American.
T: Ok, let’s come ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) to the emails on page 1. Read the emails and say what the writers have in common.
S: They are bot ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )h exchange students. They both write to their mothers and ask their mothers to write back.
T: Good. Then wha ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t do they think of the local accent Do they have the same feeling
S: Callum says that th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e accent isn’t going to be a problem while Samantha thinks that the local accent is very different from hers.
T: What have you found about their using of words and expressions
S: They use words with same meanings but different spellings.
T: Can you come to the Bb and list them out
A sample list:
callum Samantha
programme, theatre, realise program, theater, realize
T: Any other difference
S: They use d ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ifferent vocabulary to express the same meaning. For example, “hi there” and “hi”; “write to me” and “write me”; “use email address” and “email”.
T: Now decide which writer is American
S: I think Samantha is American.
Sum up the differences.
T: OK, everyone! So ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) far in this class we’ve done some vocabulary exercises and checked two emails. From these we have learned some differences between British English and American English.Let’s sum up what the differences are.
Ss: They are different in vocabulary and spelling.
T: Quite good ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )! Americans sometimes omit prepositions (Write me when you have a moment). Though they have some differences, they are still a common language. Some people focus on the differences, while some on the common things. Now let’s come to Exercise1, some quotations on English.
After doing Exerc ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ise 2 on page 1, continue with Exercise 1. Let students work in groups and discuss the questions together. They are encouraged to think actively and speak out their own opinions.
Sample answers:
1. The topic of the q ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )uotations is British English and American English.
2. a is the most optimistic.
3. b is the most pessimistic.
4. b is funny. It is a little bit exaggerated.
5. d is a good news for students of English.
6. I guess quotations a and c are from British people.
Step VII Homework
1. Go over the vocabulary in Module 1.
2. Try to memori ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ze the given words which are different in American English and British English.
The Second Period Reading
Teaching goals 教学目标
1. Target Language目标语言
a. 重点词汇和短语
obvious, confusing, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )compare, omit, variety, differ, steadily, get around, be similar to, have difficulty (in) doing sth.
b. 重点句式
The accent, which ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) is most similar to British English, can be heard on the East Coast of the US.
A Londoner has mo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )re difficulty understanding a Scotsman from Glasgow than understanding a New Yorker.
2. Ability goals 能力目标
Learn about the differ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ences between British English and American English and the development of English.
3. Learning ability goals学能目标
By comparing the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )differences between American English and British English, students will be consistent in their preference of English, either American English or British English.21·世纪*教育网
Teaching important & difficult points教学重难点
The differences between British English and American English.
Teaching methods教学方法
Listening, reading and discussing.
Teaching aids 教具准备
A tape recorder, a projector and a computer.
Teaching procedures & ways 教学过程与方式
Step I Revision
Check the homework.
T: Good morning / afternoon, class!
Ss: Good morning / afternoon, Mr / Ms...
T: What did we learn yesterday
Ss: Some differences between British English and American English.
T: What are they
Ss: They are different in vocabulary and spelling.
T: Who can give us some examples
S: Sidewalk is American English. In Britain people say pavement.
S: Americans spell program while British spell programme.
S: Americans spell theater while British spell theatre.
S: Americans somet ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )imes omit prepositions. For example, “Write me when you have a moment.”
...
T: I’m glad yo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )u’ve done a very good job. This class we are going to learn more about British English and American English. Before starting the text, please work with your partners and do Exercise 1 on page 2: Check the true statements.
Step II Reading
Deal with the reading passage.
Scanning
Ask the stud ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ents to scan the text and find the differences between American English and British English.
T: First I’d like yo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )u to do scanning and then finish the form with the information you get from the text. After you finish, please compare it with your partner’s.
Show the form on the PowerPoint.
Differences (in) American English British English
automobile, freeway, gas car, highway, petrol
Grammar
Several minutes la ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ter, let the students compare their information with each other in pairs. Then show the following form on the PowerPoint.
Differences (in) American English British English
Vocabulary automobile, freeway, gas car, highway, petrol
Grammar Do you have... Write me soon! Have you got... Write to me soon!
Spelling center, color, program centre, colour, programme
Pronunciation accent on the East CoastNew York accent London accentGlasgow accent
T: From this f ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )orm we can have a clear image of the ways in which British English and American English are different. Let’s come to Exercise 3 on page 3.
Skimming
Ask the students to sk ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )im the text and then finish Exercise 4 on page 3.
T: Look at the questi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ons first. Then skim the text to find the answers.
Then check the answers with the whole class.
Step III Explanation
During this proc ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )edure, play the tape for the students. Ask them to underline the difficult sentences. After the students listening to the tape, explain the text and deal with some language problems. 21教育网
T: Now we wil ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )l deal with some difficult language focuses. Now I will play the tape for you. Please make a mark where you have difficulties.
After listening to the tape.
T: Do you have any difficulties with the text？
S: Could you please ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) explain the sentence to us: But it has also led to lots of American words and structures passing into British English, so that some people now believe that British English will disappear.
T: We can understand ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) it like this: Lots of American words and structures have been brought in with the help of the non-stop communication, so some people are worried that British English will disappear. This sentence implies that American English is simpler and the US is much more influential. So American English is more popular. Just like the Chinese language, more and more people are learning Chinese, because our country is becoming stronger and stronger. Maybe in the future Chinese will become many countries’ official language. Do you have any other questions
Ss: No.
Step IV Analyzing the text
Help the stude ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nts analyze the structure of the text. Ask the students to discuss in groups and later each group will be asked to speak out their opinions. After that, show the sample answers on the PowerPoint.
T: OK. Let’s read the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )text again. Please look at the structure of the text and find out its writing style. You may discuss it in groups. You are given 5 minutes.
5 minutes later.
T: Please stop h ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ere. I’m glad you thought actively and had a heated discussion. What is the topic of the text What is the text about
S: The English language.
S: The text compar ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )es British English with American English. It introduces the differences between British English and American English.
S: It tells in the future there are going to be many Englishes.
T: Quite goo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d. This text is an expository writing. It compares British English with American English. The paragraphs below the first four headings introduce the differences between British English and American English in four ways. From them we can learn the differences in vocabulary, grammar, spelling and pronunciation. The last heading tells us the development of English. Some people believe that British English will disappear while the international dimension suggests that in the future there are going to be many Englishes.
Show the following on the PowerPoint.
Part 1 (the first four headings)
Differences b ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )etween British English and American English in four ways: vocabulary, grammar, spelling and pronunciation.
Part 2 (the last heading)
The development of English:
Some people beli ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eve that British English will disappear while the international dimension suggests that in the future, there are going to be many Englishes.
T: Now let’s come to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) Exercise 5 on page 3. Discuss our language — Chinese.
Step V Discussion
Divide the students ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) into different groups and ask them to discuss the questions in Exercise 5 on page 3. They are given several minutes to discuss. Each member is encouraged to think actively and participate in the discussion. Make sure all the students have their own opinions.
Sample answers:
1. There are 2 main varieties, Mandarin and Cantonese.
2. They are different in pronunciation.
3. Yes, they d ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o. People from different regions speak with different accents. Some accents are quite different from others, and you may find you don’t understand even a word of a person from some region.
4. I think more ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )and more foreigners will learn Chinese and Chinese will be one of the most widely used languages in the world. It is also possible that Chinese will be the official language in many countries.
Step VI Homework
Pick out the verb forms in the text.
The Third Period Grammar
Teaching goals 教学目标
1. Target language目标语言
Learn the grammar — v ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )erb forms: present simple, present continuous, present perfect and future reference; for and since with present perfect　　21*cnjy*com
2. Ability goals能力目标
Enable the students to use the verb forms freely.
3. Learning ability goals学能目标
Help the students learn how to use verb forms freely.
Teaching important points教学重点
The differences between present simple and present continuous.
Teaching difficult points 教学难点
How to use present perfect properly.
Teaching methods教学方法
Explaining and practising.
Teaching aids教具准备
A projector and a computer.
Teaching procedures & ways教学过程与方式
Step I Revision
Ask the students ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) to pick out the verb forms used in the text. Then sum up the following verb forms: present simple, present continuous, present perfect and future reference; for and since with present perfect.
Step II Grammar
Deal with Exer ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )cise 1 on page 4. From this exercise, the students will have a better understanding of the meaning of each verb form.
Show the following on the PowerPoint.
Meaning of each verb form:
Present Simple
Habitual or repeated action
Scientific fact / thing generally accepted as true
Present Continuous
Action in progress at this moment
Action in progress through a period of time including the present
Present Perfect
Past action or state which is connected to the present in some way
Future Reference
Predictions and expectations
“Be going to” is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) usually used to talk about an intention or plan. It is usually used to make a prediction about immediate future.
for and since with Present Perfect
Use the present per ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )fect with for, since to talk about actions and states that began in the past and continue to the present. These time expressions of duration tell how long the action or state has been lasting. For tells the length of time. (For can sometimes be omitted.) Since tells the beginning of the time period.
Step III Practice
Deal with the gramma ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r Exercise 2 on page 4. Let the students do the exercise individually first, then they will discuss why they choose the verb form. Check the answers with the whole class.
Deal with the grammar Exercises 3-4 on page 5 in the same way.
Step IV Discussion
For Exercise 5, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) divide the students into different groups and discuss the future of English. Then complete the sentence in Exercise 5. Ask the students to make use of future reference.
Sample sentences:
In the future, English is going to be spoken by more and more people.
In the future, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )English is going to be one of the official languages in China.
In the future, English ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) speakers of different varieties won’t find it difficult to understand each other.
Step V Practice (WORKBOOK)
Deal with the grammar ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) exercises in WORKBOOK. The students are encouraged to tell the reasons why they choose the verb form.
If time is enough, deal with Exercise 2 as a game.
In order to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )stimulate the students’ interest, deal with Exercise 2 as a game. Make multiple copies of this exercise or add more sentences.(Teacher may also ask the students to write sentences or pick from the text and cut them and then distribute them to their classmates.) Cut the exercise into pieces, divide the students into pairs or groups, and give each pair / group a complete set of all the sentences to match. Distribute one card per student. The students should walk around the room and find the answer to their binations must be grammatically correct and logical. Remind the students that they should pay attention to punctuation. Once they have found their matches, ask each pair to read their sentence and identify both the timeframe and the tense(s) used. If necessary, emphasize any tricky grammar structures.
Step VI Homework
Go over the grammar points in this module.
Sum up the phrases used to give advice.
The Fourth Period Listening and Speaking
Teaching goals 教学目标
1. Target Language目标语言
a. 重点词汇和短语
announcement, lingui ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )stics, edition, cute, get used to something, so far, a couple of, wear off, pick up (an accent), make a fuss of someone
b. 重点句式
I like ... because...
Since English is spoken all over the world,...
As I was the only British person in the school,...21教育名师原创作品
I’m getting on just fine, now that...
2. Ability goals 能力目标
Listen to people talking about problems that exchange students have.
3. Learning ability goals学能目标
Enable the stud ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ents to learn the problems that exchange students have by listening to some material.
Teaching important points教学重点
Vocabulary and Everyday English.
Teaching difficult points教学难点
How to give reasons by using the patterns in target language.
Teaching methods教学方法
Listening for specific information and role-play.
Teaching aids 教具准备
A tape recorder, a projector and a computer.
Teaching procedures & ways 教学过程与方式
Step I Revision
Check the homework.
Ask some students to make some sentences using different verb forms.
Step II Vocabulary and Listening
After the revision, go on with VOCABULARY AND LISTENING on page 5.
Exercise 1 is a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )pre-listening exercise. This exercise will help the students understand the problems that the exchange students have in the listening part. As most of the students don’t have the related experience of exchange students’ life, teacher may suggest that they may recall the life when they stayed away from their hometown, esp. where people speak a dialect. The students may have different opinions.
T: Today we ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )shall go on with the topic of English. First let’s discuss what problems that exchange students have. Maybe you don’t have such an experience, but you may experience living away from home, where people speak a dialect. What problems did you have then For example, you can imagine what problems a Cantonese may have in Beijing, and what problems a Beijinger may have in Guangzhou or Shanghai Please look at page 5 and number the problems in the order of importance.
After dealing with ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) Exercise 1, continue with Exercise 2 on page 6. The students are required to do this exercise individually. Three minutes later check the answers with the whole class.
Exercises 3-4 are exer ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )cises which require the students to listen for main ideas. Before playing the tape, ask the students to look through the questions first. According to the questions, the students may make a prediction to the listening materials. Play the tape again if necessary. Then check the answers with the whole class.
After listening, a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sk the students to discuss the problems the two exchange students have and talk about the language — English.
Step III Everyday English
Ask the students to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )get the meanings of the expressions in bold by choosing the correct answers. Then let them create situations in which these expressions can be used. In this way, they will learn to use them freely in daily life.
Step IV Function
Ask the students to p ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ick out the words which introduce reasons in the sentences of Exercise 1 of FUNCTION. Then answer the questions followed and finish Exercise 2.
T: What word ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s do you usually use when you want to give or introduce a reason
S: Usually w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e use “because”. For example, “I was late for school this morning because there was traffic jam on my way to school.”
T: Very good. What el ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )se can we use to introduce reasons Turn to page 7 and read the sentences in Exercise 1 of FUNCTION. Pick out the words that introduce reasons.
Ask 4 students ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )to tell the word in each sentence that introduces reason. And write them on the Bb.
Show the following words or expressions on the Bb.
because since as now that
T: Which word do we use more often to introduce a reason
Ss: Because.
T: Which expression shows that a situation has changed
Ss: Now that.
T: Which two words often come at the beginning of a sentence
Ss: Since and as.
T: Good answers. Wh ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )at do these words or expressions have in common except that they all introduce reasons
S: I find that they are all followed by sentences to give reasons.
T: Correct. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )That’s the point you should pay attention to. Now complete the sentences in Exercise 2 with the words on the Bb.
Check the answers after the students finish it.
Step V Listening and Speaking (WORKBOOK)
First deal wi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )th the listening exercises 13-14 in WORKBOOK. Then ask students to prepare a role-play by following the instructions of Exercise 15. After the role play, ask the students to discuss how to improve their English.
T: Now we will ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )listen to a radio programme. Listen for the first time and try to get the general idea of it.
Play the tape for the first time.
T: Before you li ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sten to it again, read the statements in Exercises 13 and 14 to get the listening points first. Then listen and finish the exercises.
Check the answers after they finish them.
T: Now let’s do a ro ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )le-play. Work in pairs. You are required to talk about a questions listed in Exercise 15. One will be the caller to the programme, the other presenter. Are you clear OK, 6 minutes for you.
6 minutes later. Ask two pairs to do the role-play before class.
A sample conversation:
A: Welcome to our programme, Mr...!
B: I am very glad ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )to be here and say something about English learning.
A: First, I am ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) wondering how you can improve your English. Will you give some advice to our English learners
B: I think the mo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )st important thing is to get interested in the language. If you have no interest in it, how can you be expected to learn it well
A: Since there ar ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e varieties of English such as British English, American English, Australian English and so on, which accent should the learners adopt Which accent do you prefer
B: It doesn’t make m ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )uch of a difference whether you speak British English or American English. If people can understand each other, that’s OK. I prefer American English.
A: Why are so many people learning English
B: The reason is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )simple. English is becoming official language in many countries. English is also the working language in many international corporations.
A: Last question. Are ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) there many differences between American English and British English
B: American Engl ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ish and British English are different in several ways. For example, vocabulary, spelling, grammar and pronunciation. But it’s not a problem for people from America and Britain to communicate with each other. Nowadays, the two varieties are moving closer and closer.
A: Thanks for your wonderful explanations and answers.
T: OK, here ar ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e some tips from an expert. I hope you will find them useful and put some of them into practice. I’m sure you will make great progress. Good luck to your English studies!
Distribute the following handouts to the students.
How to Learn English!
Here are some tips which may help you to master the English Language!
Speak without Fear
The biggest pr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )oblem most people face in learning a new language is their own fear. They worry that they won’t say things correctly or that they will look stupid so they don’t talk at all. Don’t do this. The fastest way to learn anything is to do it — again and again until you get it right. Like anything, learning English requires practice. Don’t let a little fear stop you from getting what you want.
Use All of Your Resources
Even if you stud ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y English at a language school it doesn’t mean you can’t learn outside of class. Using as many different sources, methods and tools as possible, will allow you to learn faster. There are many different ways you can improve your English, so don’t limit yourself to only one or two. The Internet is a fantastic resource for virtually anything, but for the language learner it’s perfect.
Surround Yourself with English
The absolute best way ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )to learn English is to surround you with it. Take notes in English, put English books around your room, and listen to English language radio broadcasts, watch English news, movies and television. Speak English with your friends whenever you can. The more English material that you have around you, the faster you will learn and the more likely it is that you will begin “thinking in English”.
Listen to Native Speakers As Much As Possible
There are some ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )good English teachers that have had to learn English as a second language before they could teach it. However, there are several reasons why many of the best schools prefer to hire native English speakers. One of the reasons is that native speakers have a natural flow to their speech that students of English should try to imitate. The closer ESL / EFL students can get to this rhythm or flow, the more convincing and comfortable they will become. 【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
Watch English Films and Television
This is not ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )only a fun way to learn but it is also very effective. By watching English films (especially those with English subtitles) you can expand your vocabulary and hear the flow of speech from the actors. If you listen to the news you can also hear different accents.
Listen to English Music
Music can be ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) a very effective method of learning English. In fact, it is often used as a way of improving comprehension. The best way to learn though is to get the lyrics (words) to the songs you are listening to and try to read them as the artist sings. There are several good Internet sites where one can find the words for most songs. This way you can practice your listening and reading at the same time. And if you like to sing, fine.
Study As Often As Possible!
Only by studying thing ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s like grammar and vocabulary and doing exercises, can you really improve your knowledge of any language.
Do Exercises and Take Tests
Many people th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ink that exercises and tests aren’t much fun. However, by completing exercises and taking tests you can really improve your English. One of the best reasons for doing lots of exercises and tests is that they give you a benchmark to compare your future results with. Often, it is by comparing your score on a test you took yesterday with one you took a month or six months ago that you realize just how much you have learned. If you never test yourself, you will never know how much you are progressing. Start now by doing some of the many exercises and tests on this site, and return in a few days to see what you’ve learned. Keep doing this and you really will make some progress with English.
Record Yourself
Nobody likes ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) to hear their own voice on tape but like tests, it is good to compare your tapes from time to time. You may be so impressed with the progress you are making that you may not mind the sound of your voice as much.
Listen to English
By this, we me ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )an, speak on the phone or listen to radio broadcasts, audiobooks, CDs or MP3 in English. This is different from watching the television or films because you can’t see the person that is speaking to you. Many learners of English say that speaking on the phone is one of the most difficult things that they do and the only way to improve is to practice.
Finally
Have fun!
Step VI Homework
Find some information on attempts to simplify Chinese.
The Fifth Period Integrating Skills (I)
Teaching goals 教学目标
1. Target language目标语言
a. 重点词汇和短语
add, present, atte ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )mpt, simplify, combination, distinctive, look, criticise, standard, reference, in favour of, refer to ... as ..., thanks to
b. 重点句式
For Americans thing ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s are a little bit easier, thanks to the work of Noah Webster, a teacher who graduated from Yale University in 1778.
2. Ability goals 能力目标
Help the students to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) learn about Noah Webster’s contribution to American English.
3. Learning ability goals 学能目标
Encourage th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e students to think critically why Noah Webster felt that written English in the newly independent United States should have a distinctive “American” look.
Teaching important & difficult points 教学重难点
Help the students ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) learn how to organize their language and write a passage about the Chinese language.
Teaching methods 教学方法
Task-based teaching method.
Teaching aids 教具准备
A recorder, a projector and a computer.
Teaching procedures & ways 教学过程与方式
Step I Lead-in
T: Good morning / afternoon, class!
Ss: Good morning / afternoon, Mr / Ms...
T: Who would like to say something on how to learn English well
S: Listen to native speakers as much as possible.
S: Do exercises and take tests.
S: Watch English films and television.
S: Surround yourself with English.
...
T: Good. If y ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ou listen to news or watch films, you can also hear different accents. When you read, you may come across different varieties of English. Now please open your books and look at page 8. Work in groups and discuss which the best variety of English to learn is.www.21-cn-jy.com
Step II Speaking and Writing
Divide the stu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )dents into different groups. They will discuss and decide which the best variety of English to learn is. After they’ve decided, they will present their ideas to the rest of the class. Then the students will vote for the best variety of English to learn. After dealing with Exercises 1-2, continue with Exercises 3-4.
T: Read the no ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tes in Exercise 1 on page 8. Decide which variety of English you would choose to learn, American English, British English or World English Then get into different groups according to your choices. If you have other choices of variety such as Australian English, that’s OK. Then we will have a debate among different groups.
A sample debate:
A: We think Ame ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rican English is the best variety of English to learn because American English is very popular. Its accent is very pleasant.
B: But British En ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )glish is the “original” variety of the language, so we choose to learn British English.
C: With the developm ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ent of society, people from different areas communicate with each other more often than before. Accent is not important if people understand each other. So we choose World English.
A: American culture ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )plays a very important role. Most English language films are American.
B: There are many grea ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t writers in Britain. For example, Shakespeare, J.K. Rowling who writes a series of novels on Harry Potter, which are the most popular novels in the world.
A: American En ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )glish is the variety most used in international business.
C: English d ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )oesn’t belong to one group of people. People communicate with each other in English because English is the bridge between them. We need to communicate with non-native speakers as well as native speakers. So we think World English is the best variety of English to learn.
B: We still think Bri ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tish English is. The BBC and many international newspapers use it.
A: VOA is also very influential.
T: Now that y ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ou can not persuade each other, each of you has your reasons for your choice. Now let’s vote for the variety of English best to learn.
...
T: So much fo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r the language — English, let’s come to our mother tongue — Chinese. First discuss in groups and decide which is the best title for the paragraph. After this, you will work in groups to write brief notes on the three given topics. You may refer to the brief notes in Exercise 1.
Because of t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ime limit, the students are asked to write the three paragraphs about the Chinese language after class.
Step III Cultural Corner
Get the stud ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ents read the passage in CULTURAL CORNER and then discuss and answer the following questions in groups.
T: Today we’re going t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o learn something about a linguist who made great contribution to American English. Who is he
Ss: Noah Webster.
T: Yes, let’s look at his profile.
Show his picture and profile on the PowerPoint.
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Born: October 16, 1758
Place: Hartford, Connecticut
Died: May 28, 1843
Place: New Haven, Connecticut
Noah Webster was a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) truly remarkable man, shrewd, passionate, learned and energetic, God-fearing and patriotic. He was author of the first American dictionary.
T: Now read the te ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )xt quickly and discuss the following questions. Seven minutes later, we will check the answers.
Show the questions on the PowerPoint.
1. What was Noah Webster
2. Why did he ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) feel that written English in the newly independent United States should have a distinctive “American” look
3. What was his first work
4. What is Webster best known for
5. How do you know his dictionary is very important
Sample answers:
1. Noah Webst ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )er was a teacher who graduated from Yale University in 1778.
2. Because he h ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ad fought against the British in the Independence war, he loved his own country very much. He wanted his own language different from British English. He believed that America should have its own standards of grammar and spelling, and not be so closely tied to the old British ways. Noah Websters’ texts promoted an American sense of identity, and set the standards for American’s use of the English language as their own, separate from the English language of the British. The spelling, pronunciation, and grammar of the English language in this country became uniquely American as his textbooks were used in schools for nearly 100 years.
3. The Elementary S ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )pelling Book, which suggested simplifying the spelling of English words was extremely popular.
4. American ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )dictionary of the English language, which first appeared in 1828.
5. After it came ou ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t, it soon became a standard reference book in the States. Today it is still the number one dictionary for American students.
T: From the text and ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )his profile, we learned that Noah Webster was a truly remarkable man, shrewd, passionate, learned and energetic, God-fearing and patriotic. He was called father of the American dictionary. So that’s why he is still respected over such a long time. Being upright and learned will gain one great respect. We should learn from him. Everyone should love his own country and do something for the country. As students we can introduce our country to people in other parts of the world and we can also encourage them to learn Chinese, because the Chinese language is part of Chinese culture.
Step IV Homework
Finish writing about the Chinese language.
A sample writing:
The Chinese writing system
Chinese characters ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )have a very long history. Their earliest known form, found on ‘oracle bones’ dating back over 3,000 years, was already a fully developed system of writing. The current form of the characters, based on brush and ink, dates from the fourth century AD.
Around 50,000 chara ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )cters are actually in use in the modern language. Most people know about 20,000 to read books and newspapers.
Chinese is written ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )with characters known as 漢字 [汉字] (hànzi). Most characters have elements of meaning and information about pronunciation. The characters were originally pictures of people, animals or other things but over the centuries they have become increasingly stylised and no longer resemble the things they represent. Many of the characters are actually compounds of two or more characters.
Varieties of Chinese
The better-know ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n and most distinct minority dialects include those spoken around China’s coastal fringes, such as Shanghainese（Shanghai hua）, Fujianese （Minnan hua） and Cantonese （Guangdong hua）, though even within the areas covered by these dialects you’ll find huge local divergences. All varieties of Chinese are tonal. This means that each syllable can have a number of different meanings depending on the intonation with which it is pronounced. For example, Mandarin has 4 tones, Cantonese has between 6 and 9 (it depends who you ask) and Taiwanese has 7 tones. The major varieties of Chinese are mutually unintelligible, but most people in China and Taiwan who don’t speak Mandarin as their first language, can speak or least understand it. However in Hong Kong and Macau few people speak Mandarin, so they tend to use English to communicate with people from other parts of China or Taiwan.
Each of the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )major varieties of Chinese has numerous dialects. For example, Mandarin can be divided into northern, southern and south-western dialects, which are more or less mutually intelligible. Chinese people from different parts of the country therefore communicate with each other through the common language of Putonghua. Putonghua has been systematically promoted over the past hundred years as the unifying language of the Chinese people.
The Language Today
The Chinese lang ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )uage has become more important globally, and China has also played a positive role in promoting its Chinese. More than 30 million people in the world are learning Chinese as a foreign language through various ways. In the United States, about 24,000 high school students are learning Chinese, while more than one million high school students are learning French.
The Chinese l ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )anguage is also an important part of the human heritage, and the human individuality as well. With China’s rapidly growing economy and increasing international exchanges, value of the Chinese language is rising constantly.
The Sixth Period Integrating Skills (II)
Teaching goals 教学目标
1. Target language目标语言
重点句式
... I haven’t seen much of the world.
New York is f ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ive hours behind the UK and I’m not finding it easy to switch to local time.
But in American, they say first floor instead of ground floor...
2. Ability goals 能力目标
Help the students to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) further understand the differences between America English and British English.
3. Learning ability goals 学能目标
Help the students ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) learn how to judge different varieties of English and write about experiences with language problems.
Teaching important points教学重点
The differences between British English and American English.
Teaching difficult points教学难点
How to be consistent in one’s preference in using English.
Teaching methods教学方法
Listening, speaking, discussing and writing.
Teaching aids 教具准备
A tape recorder, a projector and a computer.
Teaching procedures & ways 教学过程与方式
Step I Lead-in
T: Yesterday we learne ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d about the problems exchange students may have. What is the problem
Ss: Exchange ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) students may have difficulty in understanding the local language.
T: Quite good. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) We are going to read the diary of an exchange student, Katy. Let’s find out her few days in New York. Please turn your books to page 69 and read the diaries. Then fill in the form with the information you get from her diaries.
Step II Reading (WORKBOOK)
Deal with Reading on page 69.
Fast reading
Ask the students t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o read the text fast and give them five minutes to fill in the form.
Name From Staying in For what on 3rd July on 4th July
Katy
Five minutes later check the answers with the whole class.
Sample answers:
Name From Staying in For what on 3rd July on 4th July
Katy Perth, Scotland New York To study American literature Difficult to swit ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ch to the local time; got the wrong food; went into a wrong room Couldn’t understand the waitress; felt at home; happy
Careful reading
This time play t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he tape for the students to listen. Ask them to read the diaries carefully to make sure they understand the diaries fully. Then deal with the exercises on page 70. After checking the answers, ask the students to find out the differences between British English and American English.【版权所有：21教育】
T: Katy had some pr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )oblems at first because she didn’t speak American English. But luckily at last she was at home and really happy. In her diary she mentioned some differences between British English and American English. What are they
S: British say chips while Americans use crisps.
S: The ground floor ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )in British English refers to the first floor in American English.
S: British spell centre instead of center which is American English.
...
T: Good! We’ll l ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )earn more about the differences between British English and American English. Now let’s click the following two websites. Let’s find an article on Education in each edition and compare the two editions to find the differences.
Show the following websites on the Bb.
The Guardian (www.guardian.co.uk)
USA Today（www.usatoday.com）
Step III Task
This task will ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) be finished in a computer lab. If the school doesn’t have a computer lab, teacher may download some articles for the students to identify a variety of English. The students are asked to:
1. Look for differences between British and American English.
2. Make a list of di ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )fferences in spelling and grammar. Teacher may show the differences on the PowerPoint.
Differences Pronunciation British English
Vocabulary
Grammar
Spelling
Pronunciation
Step IV Speaking and Writing (WORKBOOK)
Divide the students ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )into groups and deal with the exercises on page 72. When dealing with Exercise 16, let the students try to identify the differences in vocabulary and spelling. When every group finishes their signs, they will show the signs to the rest of the class.21·cn·jy·com
T: Turn to page 72, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )you will find a menu and an advertisement for a hotel in Exercise 16. Read them and decide if they are American or British.
After a while.
T: Look at the menu, is it American or British
S: American.
T: How about the advertisement
S: British.
T: Good. Can you find any difference between them
S: “Center” in th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e menu and “centre” in the advertisement mean the same, but they have different spellings. So the two languages are different in spelling.
S: “Sidewalk” ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) and “pavement” also mean the same. That’s the difference in vocabulary.
S: ...
T: Now look at E ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )xercise 17. Read the instruction and write two signs. You are given 6 minutes.
Two sample signs:
American English
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
Entrance to MacArthur High School.
“the beauty of the school, the air of dignity and honor.”
Entrance into the remodeled Mac Cafeteria
British English
The King’s School
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
Leading into the main part of the School
Leading to the restaurant
Discussion
Let the students discu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ss Exercise 18 in different groups and make notes so that they can finish the task in Exercise 19. Everyone is asked to write a postcard to a friend at home. If there is not enough time, they should finish it after class.
Step V Homework
Finish the TASK.
Finish writing the postcard.
Two sample postcards:
Hi, Linda! I’m in ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) Orlando Florida. I’m visiting Disneyland. I am having great fun. But I had some problems. I wasn’t used to their accent. Because I speak British English, when I ordered some chips, I got crisps. When I got to my hotel, I went into the wrong room, because Americans say first floor instead of ground floor. Luckily most of the time we can understand each other. I’m learning some American English.
Write to you tomorrow.
Callum
Hi, Linda! I’m in ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Shakespearean Village, England. Here I am very delighted to find out many of our quaint expressions developed from their daily life. But I met some problems because I speak American English. When I ordered some chips, the waiter gave me French fries. Here people call chips crisps. Yesterday when I arrived my hotel, I couldn’t find my room, because it is on the ground floor. Later I was told in British English ground floor means first floor. When I said I wanted to see a movie, luckily I was shown to a movie theater, which they call a cinema. Good news people here love my accent very much. They say it is very cute.
Write you tomorrow.
Samantha
附 件
I. 课文注释与疑难解析
1. The accent, which i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s most similar to British English, can be heard on the East Coast of the US. 与英国英语最相似的口音可以在美国东海岸听到。
which 引导非限定性定语从句，对先行词accent起补充说明作用。
be similar to相像的,相仿的,类似的
His problem is similar to yours.他的问题和你的相似。
My view is similar to yours.我的看法与你相似。
2. A Londoner has ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) more difficulty understanding a Scotsman from Glasgow than understanding a New Yorker. 伦敦人要听懂来自格拉斯哥的苏格兰人比听懂纽约人还要困难。
have difficulty in doing做……有困难
I had no difficulty in getting in touch with him.
我和他取得联系没有什么困难。
He had much difficulty in finding her house.
他费了很大周折才找到她的家。
3. For Americans ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )things are a little bit easier, thanks to the work of Noah Webster, a teacher who graduated from Yale University in 1778.
对美国人来说情况要稍微容易一些，这多亏了韦伯斯特, 他是一名教师，1778年耶鲁大学毕业。
1） a little bit（副词短语）有点;有几分
Will you walk a little bit with me
Margot and Mummy are a little better now.
2) thanks to幸亏；由于
It was thank ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s to your timely help that we accomplished the task on time.
幸亏你及时帮忙，我们才按时完成了任务。
The play succeeded thanks to fine acting by all the cast.
由于全体演员的出色表演，那出戏才获得了成功。
II. 文化背景知识
Differences Between American and British English
While there ar ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e certainly many more varieties of English, American and British English are the two varieties that are taught in most ESL / EFL programs. Generally, it is agreed that no one version is “correct”, however, there are certainly preferences in use. The most important rule of thumb is to try to be consistent in your usage. If you decide that you want to use American English spellings then be consistent in your spelling (i.e. The color of the orange is also its flavour — color is American spelling and flavour is British), this is of course not always easy — or possible. The following guide is meant to point out the principal differences between these two varieties of English.
Use of the Present Perfect
In British English ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the present perfect is used to express an action that has occurred in the recent past that has an effect on the present moment. For example:
I’ve lost my key. Can you help me look for it
In American English the following is also possible: 【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
I lost my key. Can you help me look for it
In British English ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the above would be considered incorrect. However, both forms are generally accepted in standard American English. Other differences involving the use of the present perfect in British English and simple past in American English include already, just and yet. 【出处：21教育名师】
British English:
I’ve just had lunch.
I’ve already seen that film.
Have you finished your homework yet
American English:
I just had lunch. / I’ve just had lunch.
I’ve already seen that film. / I already saw that film.
Have your finished y ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )our homework yet / Did you finish your homework yet
Possession
There are two ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) forms to express possession in English. Have or Have got.
Do you have a car
Have you got a car
He hasn’t got any friends.
He doesn’t have any friends.
She has a beautiful new home.
She’s got a beautiful new home.
While both forms ar ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e correct (and accepted in both British and American English), have got (have you got, he hasn’t got, etc.) is generally the preferred form in British English while most speakers of American English employ have (do you have, he doesn’t have etc.)
The Verb Get
The past participl ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e of the verb get is gotten in American English. Example: He’s gotten much better at playing tennis. British English — He’s got much better at playing tennis.
Vocabulary
Probably the major ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )differences between British and American English lie in the choice of vocabulary. Some words mean different things in the two varieties. For example:
Mean: (American Engli ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sh — angry, bad humored, British English — not generous, tight fisted)
Rubber: (American E ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nglish — condom, British English — tool used to erase pencil markings)
There are many mo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )re examples (too many for me to list here). If there is a difference in usage, your dictionary will note the different meanings in its definition of the term. Many vocabulary items are also used in one form and not in the other. One of the best examples of this is the terminology used for automobiles.
American English - hood British English - bonnet
American English - trunk British English - boot
American English - truck British English - lorry
Once again, your ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) dictionary should list whether the term is used in British English or American English. For a more complete list of the vocabulary differences between British and American English use this British vs. American English vocabulary tool.
Prepositions
There are also ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )a few differences in preposition use including the following:
American English - on the weekend British English - at the weekend
American English - on a team British English - in a team
American English - please write me soon British English - please write to me soon
Past Simple / Past Participles
The following verbs ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) have two acceptable forms of the past simple/past participle in both American and British English, however, the irregular form is generally more common in British English (the first form of the two) and the regular form is more common to American English.
Burn Burnt / burned
Dream dreamt / dreamed
Lean leant / leaned
Learn learnt / learned
Smell smelt / smelled
Spell spelt / spelled
Spill spilt / spilled
Spoil spoilt / spoiled
Spelling
Here are some gene ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ral differences between British and American spellings:
Words ending i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n-or (American)-our (British) color, colour, humor, humour, flavor, flavour etc. 21cnjy.com
Words ending in-iz ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e (American)-ise (British) recognize, recognise, patronize, patronise etc.
The best way to make ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sure that you are being consistent in your spelling is to use the spell check on your word processor (if you are using the computer of course) and choose which variety of English you would like. As you can see, there are really very few differences between standard British English and standard American English. However, the largest difference is probably that of the choice of vocabulary and pronunciation. For further information concerning these areas please refer to the links below.
British Vs. American English vocabulary tool
Check British to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) American English or American to British English with this interactive tool.
American-British / British-American Dictionary
An impressiv ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e resource for reference information concerning the differences in vocabulary use between American and British English.
American vs. British English
An exhaustive study by 登陆21世纪教育 助您教考全无忧
Historical Background of British and American English
The history of the Eng ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lish language is divided into three periods: The period from 450 to 1150 is known as the Old English. It is described as the period of full inflections(词尾变化), since during most of this period the case ending of the noun, the adjective and the conjugation(结合) of the verb were not weakened. Old English was a highly inflected language. It had a complete system of declensions(变格) with four case and conjugations. So Old English grammar differs from Modern English grammar in these aspects(方面).21教育网
The period from 1150 i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s known as the Middle English period. It is know as the period inflections. This period was marked by important changes in the English language. The Norman Conquest was the cause of these changes. The change of this period had a great effect on both grammar and vocabulary. In this period many Old English words were lost, but thousands of words borrowed from French and Latin appeared in the English vocabulary. In the Middle English period grammatical gender(性) disappeared, grammatical gender was completely replaced by the natural gender.
Modern English ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) period extends from 1500 to the present day. The Early modern English period extends from 1500 to 1700. The chief influence of this time was great humanistic(人文主义的) movement of the Renaissance. The influence of Latin and Greek on English was great. The nineteenth and twentieth centuries are a period of rapid expansion(扩张) for the English vocabulary in the history of the English language.21世纪教育网版权所有
The development ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )of the English language in America can be separated into three periods: The first period extends from the settlement of Jamestown in 1607 to the end of colonial times. In this period the population in America numbered about four million people, 90 of percent of whom came from Britain. The second period covers the expansion of the original thirteen colonies. This time may be said to close with the Civil War, about 1860. This period was marked by the arrival of the new immigrants(移民) from Ireland and Germany. The third period, since the Civil War, is marked by an important change in the source from which the European immigrants came. They came from northern and southern Europe in large numbers.
As time went on, the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )English language gradually changed on both sides of the Atlantic. The Americans adopted(接纳) many words from foreign languages and invented large number of new words to meet their various needs.21cnjy.com
American English be ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )gan in the seventeenth century. At the beginning of the 17th century the English language was brought to North American by colonists from English. They used the language spoken in England, that is, Elizabethan English, the language used by Shakespeare, Milton and Banyan. At first the language stayed the same as the language used in Britain, but slowly the language began to change. Sometimes, the English spoken in American changed but sometimes the language spoken in the place stayed the same, while the language in England changed.
Following America ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n independence, famous persons like Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, and Webster began to consider that the country should have a language of its own. English in America has developed a character(特点) of its own, reflecting the life and the physical and social environment of the American people.
21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品资料·第 2 页 （共 2 页） 版权所有@21世纪教育网(共66张PPT)
Contents
2
1
3
4
5
Skimming
Scanning
Detailed Reading
Post Reading
Language Points
6
Introduction
Read the quotations and answer the questions.
A We have really everything in common with America nowadays, except of course, language.
---Oscar Wilde,
19th century writer
B Within a century British and American English speakers will not be able to understand each other.
---Henry Sweet,
19th century linguist
C America and England are two countries divided by a common language.
--George Bernard Shaw, 20th century writer
D It doesn’t make much of a difference whether a teacher speaks British or American English.
--Dave Sperling,
founder of Dave’s
ESL Cafe
1. What is the topic of the quotations
The difference between British and American English.
2. Which is the most optimistic
Dave Sperling.
3. Which is the most pessimistic
Henry Sweet.
4. Which ( if any) do you think are funny
open
5. Which is good news for students of English
Dave Sperling.
6. Can you guess which quotations are from British people
Henry Sweet.
British English American English
Mum Mom
programme program
theatre theater
realise realize
write to me write me
Read the emails on page 1 and say
what the writers have in common.
The second writer is American.
Check the true statements.
People from Hong Kong can understand people from Beijing.
2. People from Shanghai sound the same as people from Xi’an.
F
3. Chinese characters can be understood by all speakers of Chinese.
4. American English is very different from British English.
5. People from Britain can’t understand people from America.
F
F
T
Read the titles and the first sentences of each paragraph and find four ways in which British and American English are different.
vocabulary
grammar
spelling
pronunciation
Subject Sentences in parts1-4.
Part 1:
The first and most obvious way is in the vocabulary
Sometimes the same word has a slightly different meaning.
Part 2:
There are a few differences in
grammar.
The other two areas in which the two varieties differ are spelling and pronunciation.
Part 3:
Part 4:
Reading carefully and find the differences in vocabulary, grammar and spelling.
The Differences in Vocabulary (Part 1)
British American
cars
motorway
petrol
underground
taxi
automobiles
freeways
gas
subway
cab
British American
torch
queue up
chips(薯片)
crisps(薯条)
Read the second part and finish the form.
flashlight
stand in line
French fries
chips
The Differences in Grammar (Part 3)
British English American English
Have you got…
My friend just
arrived.
in the team/at the
weekend
Write me soon!
Do you have…
My friend has just arrived.
on the team/ weekend
Write to me soon!
The Differences in Spelling and Pronunciation (Part 4)
British English American English
spelling
pronunciation
centre, colour programme
center,
color program
Periods Themes
In the 20th century The two varieties of English have been influencing each other by non-stop communication.
Read part 5 and finish the form.
At present Different people, such as newsreaders and 7. __________________, speak English with different 8. _______.
In the future There are going to be many “Englishes”.
accents
weather forecasters
1. There are ____ differences between American and British varieties of English. A. no B. a few C. lots of
Complete the sentences with the correct words or phrases.
2. Americans ____ understand what the British are saying. A. sometimes B. usually C. never
3. There are ___ differences between British and American grammar. A. no B. many C. not many
4. American spelling is __ British spelling. A. the same way B. simpler than C. harder than
5. For a Londoner, an American accent may be easier to understand than ___. A. a Chinese accent B. some British accents C. a CNN newsreader
6. Television and the Internet have made it ___ for the British and Americans to understand each other. A. harder B. easier C. impossible
Read the passage again and complete the following sentences.
British and American English are different ____________ (在很多方面).
2. The British queue up; Americans ___________ (排队).
stand in line
in many ways
3. But it has also led to lots of American words and structures ___________ (进入) British English.
4. A Londoner _________________
______________ (做某事有困难) a Scotsman from Glasgow than understanding a New Yorker.
passing into
has more difficulty
understanding
Detailed understanding
Read the text carefully again and decide whether the following statements are True (T) of False (F).
The arrival of the first settlers had an
effect on the American pronunciation.
T
2. A Londoner can understand a Scotsman more easily than understand a New Yorker.
3. Monita Rajpal grew up speaking three different languages.
4. It is certain that British English will disappear soon.
F
F
T
How many main varieties of Chinese are there
In what ways are they different
Do Chinese people from different regions have problems understanding each other
What will happen to Chinese in the future
根据首字母提示填入适当的单词完成课文概括。
British and American English are different. The most o______ difference is in the vocabulary. For example, Americans drive down freeways, w_____ the British drive along motorways. Sometimes the same word has a different meaning, which can be c_________.
bvious
hile
onfusing
There are differences in grammar, too: c________ the British sentence “Have you got ... ” with the American sentence “Do you have ... ”. P_________ can also be different. Americans say “on the weekend”, while the British say “at the weekend”.
The other variations in the two v_______ of English are spelling and pronunciation. Americans prefer to s_______ spelling.
ompare
repositions
implify
arieties
As for pronunciation, although there are differences, a Briton can still understand an American.
Recently, both varieties of English have become more alike. Satellite TV and the Internet let the British and Americans listen to each other at the f____ of a switch, leading to American words and s________ passing into British English.
lick
tructures
However, as English is spoken worldwide there may be more than two varieties in the future. But don’t worry. Users of English will still be able to c___________ with each other and understand each other.
ommunicate
1. We have really everything in common with America nowadays.
have ... in common (with sb. / sth. ) 和……有共同之处。
e.g. Real friends should have much in
common.
真正的朋友应该有很多相同之处。
拓展: in common with 和……一样
Fill in the blanks.
1. The two games ____ ______ __ _______ (没有相同之处).
2. __________ ___ _____ _____ ________ (和其他许多国家一样), Britain has experienced major changes over the last 100 years.
In common with many other
countries
have nothing in
common
2. It doesn’t make much of a difference whether a teacher speaks British or American English.
make a difference 对……有影响
e.g. It doesn’t make a difference to me
whether you attend the contest or not.
你参不参加这个竞赛对我来说都没有
什么关系。
拓展: make no / some / much difference
没有 / 有一些 / 有很大影响
词汇扩展：
differ vi.与……不同, 相异; 不同意，
意见相左, 常与from 搭配
different adj. 不同的，相异的，
各种各样的
常用的修饰词有：
very much, quite, entirely, totally
Fill in the blanks.
1. 这场雨对运动会没有太大影响。
The rain didn’t _____ _____ ________ to the sports meet.
2. 谁赢这场比赛对我来说没有什么区别。
It ______ _____ _ ________ __ ___ who wins the game.
doesn’t make a difference to me
make much difference
3. Maybe you will prefer to get around the town by taxi or cab.
get around
回避，逃避，绕过某困难
b. 走动
c. (消息)传开，传出去
请把get around在句子中的含义与其相应
的汉语释义配对。
1. My father could get around after the operation.
2. It would take some time for the news to get around.
3. I think we should not get around most of these problems.
a
b
c
Translation:
1. 她拄着拐杖四处走动。
2. 他在事故中遇难的消息迅速传开了。
3. 你规避制度是不对的。
She gets around with the help of a stick.
News soon got around that he was killed in the accident.
It’s wrong of you to get around the rules.
4. Prepositions, too, can be different: compare on the team, on the weekend (American) with in the team, at the weekend (British).
compare …to… 把......比作 compare … with… 把......进行比较
compared with (to) 和……比较，常
位于句首或句尾，作状语
e.g. If you compare her work with
his，you’ll find hers is much better． 要是把他俩的工作比较一下，就会发
现她的要好得多。
Compared with (to) drivers in other
countries, Americans think they’re
good drivers．
同其他国家司机相比，美国人认为他
们是不错的。
拓展：by comparison相比之下
by comparison with与……相比
e.g. By comparison with the lively
teenagers, the adults were a
joyless lot.
和活泼的年轻人比起来，成年人
是没有欢乐的群体。
Choose the best answer.
1) The production of grain rose by 25
____ the first three months of last year.
A. comparing to B. compare with
C. compared to D. to compare with
2) When _____ different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities.
A. Compared B. being compared
C. Comparing D. having compared
5. A Londoner has more difficulty understanding a Scotsman from Glasgow than understanding a New Yorker.
have
difficulty
in doing sth.
with sth.
做某事有困难
e.g. Do you have any difficulty with English
你英语上有困难吗？
The government had great difficulty in persuading people to leave their villages.
政府很难说服人们离开他们的村庄。
6. While Americans prefer Do you have…
prefer v. 喜欢
a. prefer doing 喜欢
e.g. Jack prefers swimming.
b. prefer to do 宁愿，更喜欢
e.g. I prefer to go out this afternoon.
c. prefer doing to doing 两者间更喜欢
e.g. He prefers sailing to surfing.
比起冲浪他更喜欢航海。
d. prefer to do rather than do
宁愿……而不……
e.g. He prefers to stay rather than go out.
他宁愿呆着也不愿外出。
e. prefer doing rather than doing
宁愿……而不……
e.g. She prefers remaining single rather
than having a family.
她宁愿单身也不愿组成家庭。
认真分析下列句子，并补全所缺内容。
1. When the Irish writer George Bernard Shaw made the famous remark that the British and the Americans are two nations divided by a common language, he was obviously thinking about the differences. (P2)
分析
a. 这是一个_________句。
b. when引导的是_________从句。
c. that引导的是_______从句，进一步说
明remark的具体内容。
d. divided by a common language是过去
分词短语作__________，修饰nations。
主从复合
时间状语
同位语
后置定语
2. But it has also led to lots of American words and structures passing into British English, so that some people now believe that British English will disappear. (P3)
分析
a. 这是一个主从复合句。主句的结构为：主语（it）+谓语（has led to）+宾语(lots of American words and structures) + ___________（passing into British English）。
宾语补足语
d. lead to引起，导致，其中to是介词，后须跟名词、代词或___________。
动词ing形式
b. so that引导的是_________从句。
c. that引导的从句作动词_______的宾语。
believe
结果状语
3. However, if you turn on CNN, the American TV network, you find newsreaders and weather forecasters all speaking with different accents — American, British, Australian, and even Spanish. (P3)
分析
a. if 引导的是_________从句。在从句中，the American TV network作CNN的同位语。
b. find sb. doing sth. 发觉/发现某人正在做某事，强调do的动作正在进行。
条件状语
c. 破折号后的内容作_______，解释说明different accents的具体内容。
同位语
Translation
我宁愿去看电影也不愿呆在家里 (prefer
to)
2. 你简直无法想象那个女人抚养她的孩子是多么困难。(have difficulty in doing sth.)
I prefer to go to the movies rather than stay at home.
You can hardly imagine the difficulty the woman had (in) bringing up her children.
3. 要是把他俩的工作比较一下, 你就会发
现她做得要好得多。(compare)
If you compare her work with his / If you compare their work, you’ll find hers is much better.
4. 他们的房子和我们的差不多，只是我
们的花园大一些。(be similar to)
Their house is similar to ours, but ours has a bigger garden.
6. 乘坐公交车在北京旅行很方便。
(get around)
Getting around by bus is convenient in Beijing.
5. 毫无疑问，过量的工作和过少的休息
常常会引起疾病。(lead to)
There is no doubt that too much work and too little rest often lead to illness.
Try to collect more words or expressions which are different in British and American English in the 4 ways. (vocabulary, grammar, spelling and pronunciation)登陆21世纪教育 助您教考全无忧
英式英语和美式英语的差异
学英文的人有时候会注意到英式英文与美式 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )英文的差异。其实世界上有很多种类的英文，不只英式和美式两种而已。光是在美国境内就有好多种不同的美式英文的方言。如果你在美国波士顿、纽约、迈阿密、达拉斯、洛杉矶等地区待过的话，你会发现这些地方的发音、字汇、甚至于文法，都跟其它地方稍有不同。同样的，在英国你如果待过伦敦、伯明翰、利物浦、爱丁堡、都柏林等地的话，也会发现各城市的差异。21世纪教育网版权所有
如果你在宴会上同时碰到一位美国人与一位 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )英国人，几分钟之内就可以凭着他们的对话辨认出来。最明显的线索当然就是发音dance、butter、no、bird等等，不仅子音、元音的咬字有差异，就连重音位置也常常不一样。
英语、美语第二项最明显的差异，就是使用的单字。同样的东西，在美国与英国的称呼不一样。以下举一些最常见的例子:21教育网
第一个为:American Eng ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lish 美语
第二个为:British English 英语
公寓 apartment flat
洗手间 bathroom/restroom toilet
罐头 can tin
糖果 candy sweets
洋芋片 chips crisps
饼干 cookie biscuit
玉米 corn maize
对方付费电话 collect call reverse charge call
婴儿床 crib cot
尿布 diaper nappy
电梯 elevator lift
橡皮擦 eraser rubber
一楼 first floor ground floor
手电筒 flashlight torch
薯条 french fries chips
垃圾桶 garbage can dustbin
汽油 gas, gasoline petrol
果酱 jelly jam
汽车的引擎盖 hood bonnet
生气 mad angry
数学 math maths
餐巾、擦嘴巾 napkin serviette
丝袜 panty-hose, pantihose tights
薯片 potato chips crisp
手提包 purse/pocketbook handbag
足球 soccer football
来回票 roundtrip return
人行道 sidewalk pavement
炉子 stove cooker
毛衣 sweater jersey, jumper
卡车 truck lorry
汽车后面的行李箱 trunk boot
假期 vacation holiday 21cnjy.com
拼字的差异比较小，以下是一些例子：
第一个为:American Englis ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )h 美语
第二个为:British English 英语
考古学 archeology archaeology
目录 catalog catalogue
文明 civilization civilisation
颜色 color colour
马路牙子 curb kerb
抵抗 defense defence
草稿 draft draught
最爱 favorite favourite
荣誉 honor honour
珠宝 jewelry jewllery
组织 organization organisation
练习 practice practise
轮胎 tire tyre 21·cn·jy·com
21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品资料·第 3 页 （共 3 页） 版权所有@21世纪教育网登陆21世纪教育 助您教考全无忧
英国英语与美国英语
现代英语在发展过程之初本来并无英国英语（B ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ritish English----BrE）和美国英语（American English—AmE）的分野，不过到了20世纪，由于美国开始参与世界事务，至第二次世界大战更充分展示了超强的国力在世界舞台上扮演领导的角色，自然地美国人所讲的英语在世界各地，甚至在英国本土都引起了各界人士的相当程度的注意、讨论和研究。 21·cn·jy·com
那么英语自17世纪初期随着英国人向新大陆的殖民潮流入美洲后约四百年间，在新的大环境中起了什么变化而形成了今日的美式英语呢？
根据语言学家的研究其主要原因有下列三项：
（1）旧词新用：那些到了新世 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )界的殖民者为配合新环境的需要而把原用的单词移来指说新的近似事物。例如“corn”，在英国的原义是指“谷物，尤指一个地区的主食谷物，在英国是指小麦（wheat）”。可是当时的英国人在新大陆看到的印地安人的主食谷物并不是小麦，而是玉米（maize），然后他们仍称以“corn”，并在前面加个“Indian”以别于英国的“corn”。这种“Indian corn”的用例最早出现于1697年，后来“Indian”渐渐不用而只用“corn”直指“玉米”。今天我们说“爆玉米”为“pop-corn”，绝对没有人说“pop-Indian-corn”。
（2）就地吸收原住民用语：AmE吸收了不少的印地安原住民的词汇，以动植物名称和地名为多。例如：
地名：Ohio俄亥俄州（原指Ohio河 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，是beautiful water的意思）；Mississippi密西西比州（原指Mississippi河，是Father of waters的意思）；Kentucky肯塔基州（land of tomorrow的意思），etc．21教育网
动物名：moose麋；raccoon 浣熊；skunk 臭鼬；etc．
植物名：hickory 山胡桃；sequoia 美洲杉；squash 南瓜之类；etc．
（3）移民族群母语的交融：新大陆早期的 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )殖民者以及美国建国后入籍美国的移民并非只来自英国，实际上来自欧洲各国和世界各地的移民人数远超出了英国人。这些四面八方来的移民带着他们的母语就地和英语不断地产生交融，这也是构成AmE特征的主因之一。例如：21cnjy.com
chop suey杂碎（一种有肉或鸡肉及米饭、洋葱等的美式中国菜，源自广东话，韦氏大字典已正式收录）www.21-cn-jy.com
Long time no see：好久不 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )见（收录于①NIC's Dictionary of American English Phrases② Essential American Idioms）2·1·c·n·j·y
有些语言学家在担心BrE与AmE的分野会不会 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )随着时代的演进而越来越扩大。但是自二次世界大战结束经过半世纪以来，由于交通、传播媒体以及信息的快速发达和交流，事实却证明了BrE与AmE也跟着产生交融，彼此之间的差异越来越缩小。例如AmE的“fall（秋天），OK（All right），etc．”今天在英国也很通顺，反过来BrE的“lift（升降机），sweets（糖果），etc．”在美国也没有格格不入的现象（详请参阅第二十四章）。21世纪教育网版权所有
当今，大陆的英语教学动向仍然停留在以BrE为主的阶段，但是在可预期的将来AmE可能会随着美国人在大陆活动的增加而趋于增强其影响。
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Reading and vocabulary
Language points
1. British English and American English are different in many ways.
英式英语和美式英语在很多的方面是不同的。
1） be different in 在……方面不同
They are so different in life style.
2) in …ways 在……方面
It is proved in the following ways: politics, economy and culture.
2. The other two areas ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 ) in which the two varieties differ are spelling and
pronunciation.
这两种变体的另两个不同之处是拼写和发音。
differ in ….在……方 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )面存在不同 The two brothers differ widely in their tastes. 他们弟兄的爱好大相径庭。 Tastes differ. 人各有所好。
differ from sb./st ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )h In this respect, French differs from English. 在这一方面，法语不同于英语。21cnjy.com21cnjy.com
differ with/f ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )rom on/about sth 不同意。持异议 I’m sorry to differ with you on that. 对不起，在 那一点上我与你的看法不同。www.21-cn-jy.com
3. After all, there is pr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )obably as much as variation of pronunciation within the two countries as between them. 21·世纪*教育网www.21-cn-jy.com
毕竟，两个国家各自内部的语音差异可能是一样多的。
1） after all 毕竟，终究So y ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )ou’ve come after all. 你到底还是来了。After all, what does it matter 归根到底，那有什么关系呢？21教育名师原创作品
类似短语：above all 最重要的，尤其
A clock must be above all correct. 时钟最重要的是必须准确。
in all 总计 How much is it in all 一共多少钱？
as much…as…, as many …as…和……一样多
There is nearly ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) as much pollution in this city as in that one. 21*cnjy*com
There are nearly as m ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )any kinds of pollution in this city as in that one.
4. Since the 1980s, with ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )satellite TV and the Internet, it has been possible to listen to British and American English at the flick of a switch.21·cn·jy·com21世纪教育网版权所有
自从20世纪80年代以来， 随着卫星电视和因特网的使用，非常便捷地听到了英式英语和美式英语已经成为可能。2-1-c-n-j-y21教育网
1）… it has been pos ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )sible to listen to British and American English at the flick of a switch. “it is … to do something”: 不定式短语做主语。【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
2) at the fl ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )ick of a switch: quickly and easily, especially by using a computer.
5. This non-stop commu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )nication, the experts think, has made it easier for British people and Americans to understand each other. 【出处：21教育名师】
专家们认为，这种不间断的交流使英国人和美国人更容易相互理解了。
Make it …for . ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )..to do something: “it” 为形式宾语，后跟宾语补语； “for…to do something” 为不定式短语作“make’’ 的真正宾语,“for” 后跟不定式的逻辑主语。如：21·cn·jy·com
Listening to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 ) music makes it possible for her to relax from working long.
His long spe ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )ech made it difficult for the listeners to understand him.
Nothing can make it possible for lost time to be made up.
6. A Londoner has more di ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )fficulty understanding a Scotsman from Glasgow than understanding a New Yorker. 一个伦敦人要听懂来自格拉斯哥的苏格兰人讲话可能比理解一个纽约人更难。2·1·c·n·j·y2·1·c·n·j·y
have some difficult ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )y (in) doing 做某事有困难 类似结构有： have some trouble (in) doing have a hard time (in) doing 21教育网【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
7. But it has also led to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 ) lots of American words and structures passing into British English.　　21*cnjy*com21·世纪*教育网
但这也导致了大量美语单词和结构进入英国英语。
lead to doing ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 ) 导致做某事 words and structures 是 passing into 的逻辑主语，属于动名词的复合结构。 “passing into British English” 在此句中和“lots of American words and structures”一起组成复合宾语。
类似的还有：belong ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )to 属于 look forward to 盼望 be opposed to 反对 devote… to… 献身于 be used to 习惯于 object to 反对 21世纪教育网版权所有
如：I hate people being unhappy. 我不愿人们不快乐。
I am not in favor of mother selling the old home. 我不赞同母亲卖掉老房。
Instead of you taking ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )so much time to come, I should write you an email to discuss the matter with you. 【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】www-2-1-cnjy-com
He strongly objects to children watching such films. www-2-1-cnjy-com
8. This international ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 ) dimension suggests that in the future, there are going to be many “English”, not just two main varieties. 【版权所有：21教育】2-1-c-n-j-y
这种国际性的广泛使用表明在未来将会有许多种类的英语，而不仅仅是两个
主要变体。
“suggest” 在此意为“表明，说明，暗示”， 后面的从句不用虚拟语气。如：
His exam results suggest he is a very diligent student.
21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品资料·第 3 页 （共 3 页） 版权所有@21世纪教育网(共25张PPT)
exchange students
Think about problems exchange students have. Number them in order of importance.
1
2
4
3
5
6
a. understanding the language
b. getting on with people
c. food
d. different school subject and timetable
e. local customs
f. climate
Complete the passage with the words in the box.
Hello, and welcome to today’s edition of In the air. As you know, every week on this programme we discuss an aspect of
ask exist happen give
live speak talk think
the way we (1) ___ now, and today’s topic is the language we (2) _____ ---English. So that’s something which affects us all. The question is, what’s going to(3) ______ to the way we speak English in the future Are we all going to speak like Americans Or will British English continue to (4) ____
live
speak
happen
exist
Later on we’re going to (5) ___ you to phone in and (6) ____ your views on the subject, but first we’re going to (7) _____ to two young people, one American, and one British, who have spent time on an educational exchange in the other’s country. We (8) _____ they will have some interesting ideas on the subject.
ask
give
speak
think
Who Do
found the local accent difficult to understand.
didn’t find the local accent difficult to understand.
gets on well with other students.
played in a school sports team.
Samantha
Callum
Samantha
Callum
Listen to the interviews and answer the questions.
Who Do
discovered a lively music scene.
enjoyed the end-of-year dance.
thinks everyone will speak American English one day.
thinks it’s only natural that there are varieties of English.
Samantha
Callum
Callum
Samantha
Listen again and answer the questions.
Which part of the country is Samantha staying in
The north of England (Leeds in Yorkshire).
2. How long did it take her to understand what people were saying
Two months.
3. What did she notice about the pronunciation of words like dance and bath
They’re the same as in American English.
4. What is the last question the interviewer asked Samantha
Do you think you’ll go home speaking with a north of England accent
5. How long did Callum spend in the US
Ten months.
6. What didn’t he like about the place he stayed in
The climate (hot and humid).
7. What did he say about the way people spoke
It was easy to understand; they spoke rather slowly.
8. What did girls like about Callum
His English accent (it was cute).
Complete the sentences with the correct phrases.
1. How are you getting on is a question about___. A. Samantha’s health B. what Samantha is doing
2. I didn’t get what people were saying means____. A. I didn’t understand it B. I didn’t like it
3. When Samantha got used to the accent she____. A. began to understand it B. used it when she spoke English
4. So far means _____. A. for a long time B. until now
5. That’s a good point means____. A. what you say is interesting B. I agree with you
6. The girls in Callum’s school made a fuss of him by__. A. laughing at him B. showing a lot of interest in him
7. A cute accent is ____. A. horrible B. attractive
8. A couple of means ____. A. two B. two or three
9. If Callum picked up the local accent he ____. A. started to use it B. wasn’t able to use it
10. If Callum’s American accent has worn off, it has___.
A. disappeared B. become very noticeable
1. point
1) 要点; 中心思想
e.g. He missed the whole point of my speech.
他没弄明白我整个演说的要点。
2) 意义;目的;用途un. (+in/of)
e.g. There is no point in complaining.
抱怨没有任何意义。
2. wear
1) wear off 慢慢消失
e.g. The pain in his back is wearing off.
他背部的疼痛正在慢慢消失。
2) wear out 使疲惫不堪
e.g. He was worn out by the hard work.
繁重的工作使他疲惫不堪。
3. pick up
举起或抬起某人[某物]; 拿起; 拾起:
e.g. He picked up the book from the floor.
他从地板上把书拾起来.
(b) 见到, 听到(尤指藉助仪器):
e.g. The equipment picked up the signal
from the satellite.
这设备收到了卫星发出的信号。
(c) 通过实践学会(外语、 技术等):
e.g. She soon picked up French when she
went to live in France.
她到法国居住后很快就学会了法语。
(d) 得, 染(疾病):
e.g. pick up an infection, a cold, the flu,
Do exercises 5-8 on page 68 in
textbook.登陆21世纪教育 助您教考全无忧
American vs. British English
By Rosanne Skirble and Avi Arditti
Broadcast: Thursday, December 26, 2002
MUSIC: "Help!"/Beatles
AA: I'm Avi Arditti wi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )th Rosanne Skirble. This week on Wordmaster we talk about a few of the differences between American English and British English.
RS: It's a questio ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n we often get. After all, some differences can lead to embarrassment, others to plain old confusion. 21世纪教育网版权所有
AA: For inst ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ance, Americans put babies to sleep in a "crib." The British call the same kind of bed a "cot." www.21-cn-jy.com
RS: In America a cot is a flimsy, fold-up bed made of canvas. 2-1-c-n-j-y
AA: Oh, you mean what the British call a "camp bed." 【版权所有：21教育】
RS: In Brita ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )in, "public school" is what Americans would call "private school," where you pay to have your children go. Now let's say you have "to go" -- or you're looking for the toilet. Here, it's not polite to ask where "the toilet" is. Say "bathroom" or "restroom" when speaking to an American.21教育名师原创作品
Graphic Image
AA: Joining us now ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) from New York is the author of a handy little book called "Speak American: A Survival Guide to the Language and Culture of the U-S-A." Dileri Borunda Johnston lived in England, so she knows what it's like from both sides.
JOHNSTON: "A lot of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the grammar is slightly different, so you would have things in British English that perhaps you wouldn't want an American child to learn because it might sound slightly incorrect. Like you wouldn't say 'I haven't got any more.' You would rather an American kid would learn to say 'I don't have any more.'"
AA: Let's say a spea ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ker of British English steps off a plane in the States. Just to catch a bus or train into town from the airport requires a different vocabulary.
JOHNSTON: "In Engla ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nd you would catch a 'coach' whereas here you take the 'bus,' or if you're taking the public transportation you would take the 'subway in America rather than the 'tube' or the 'underground' as you would in England."
AA: Also, what the British call "lorries" we Americans call "trucks."
RS: Now let's say the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )weather is cold and wet, and our traveler didn't pack the right clothes. Dileri Johnston pointed out some British terms that might confuse an American clerk.【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
JOHNSTON: "Like ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ), for example, 'jumper,' which in England is the most common thing to call a sweater."21cnjy.com
RS: "Here it's a dress."
JOHNSTON: "And a jumper here is a dress, yes."
AA: "And then here we have 'boots' and 'galoshes' and there..."www-2-1-cnjy-com
JOHNSTON: "They have 'wellies,' yes."
RS: "They have what "
JOHNSTON: "Wellies."
AA: "Here we talk ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) about 'boots,' but, again, a 'boot' is in British English the trunk of a car. Here it's a heavy shoe that you wear when you're going through puddles."
JOHNSTON: "You ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) use the word 'boot' in British English as well; you know, for regular boots or cowboy boots or riding boots or anything like that. But just the rubber boots are called 'wellies.'"21·世纪*教育网
RS: And the differences don't stop there!
JOHNSTON: "'Pants' is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the very big sort of trouble spot, because 'pants' here are quite -- you know, the common thing to call the things you put on your -- the long things you put on your legs, whereas 'pants' in England is always referring to underwear."
RS: "So here that would be 'underpants.'"【出处：21教育名师】
JOHNSTON: "Underpants, or underwear or boxers or whatever."
RS: "So if you say, ' ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )do you have a pair of pants to wear to the party,' that would be pretty inappropriate to say in England unless you were forewarned."
JOHNSTON: "And over th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ere they say 'trousers,' which is not a word that is completely unknown in American English, but it's not the most common one."
RS: Along these ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) lines, it seemed to us that a lot of the terms used in British English are older forms of the words used by Americans -- for instance, it might sound odd for an American to say "spectacles" instead of "glasses."21·cn·jy·com
JOHNSTON: "That's ofte ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n the case. You know, you have 'spectacles,' you have 'trousers.' They tend to be sort of things that might be more common in regional varieties of American English. You know, like in England, it's quite common to say 'reckon,' which in American English is quite unusual, or you might here it in the South perhaps or in more old-fashioned contexts."【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
AA: "Like, 'I reckon I'll go in when the sun gets too hot.'"21*cnjy*com
JOHNSTON: "Ye ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ah, and people in England say it sort of quite seriously, without meaning it to be funny or ironic or anything like that."
RS: Same with some other terms that might strike Americans as funny.
JOHNSTON: "Yo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )u know, if you go shopping, for example, you don't really want to take a 'trolley' which is what Americans ride around in on the street, like say in San Francisco. Here you would rather use a 'shopping cart' when you go to do your groceries."
AA: And, it's not ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )just words that set American and British speakers apart.
JOHNSTON: "Speakers ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )of British English have to be very conscious of the fact that British accents are quite incomprehensible to Americans at times. I know from experience -- my husband, who's British, has a horrible time ordering water in restaurants. Nobody understands him when he asks for 'waw-tuh.' So he's tried to modify it and say 'waw-da, can I have some waw-da please.' (laughter) And he more or less gets understood nowadays."21教育网
AA: Dileri Borund ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )a Johnston, author of "Speak American: A Survival Guide to the Language and Culture of the USA."2·1·c·n·j·y
RS: That's Wordma ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ster for this week. Send your language questions to VOA Wordmaster, Washington DC two-zero-two-three-seven USA or word@. With Avi Arditti, I'm Rosanne Skirble. 　　21*cnjy*com
MUSIC: "American English"/Wax UK
Date Last Modified: Thursday, December 26, 2002
21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品资料·第 3 页 （共 3 页） 版权所有@21世纪教育网登陆21世纪教育 助您教考全无忧
如何介绍一种语言
【写作任务】
假设你是李华，最近你在互联网上结识了英国笔友Jimmy，他很想学汉语。请你给他写封电子邮件，介绍一下汉语以及学习汉语的一些方法。
注意：1. 词数120左右（开头语已给出，但不计入总词数）；2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Jimmy,
How are you doing I am happy that you want to learn Chinese.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Best wishes!
Li Hua
【写作指导】
●审题定调
本写作要求写电子邮件，主体内容是介绍汉语及其学习方法，故体裁是说明文。时态以一般现在时为主，人称以第三人称和第二人称为主。
●布局谋篇
内容要点：
1. 简要介绍汉语的地位（全世界使用人数最多的语言，联合国工作语言之一）及其特点（字音分离等）；
2. 介绍学习汉语的方法；
3. 表示愿意提供帮助，希望互相学习，互相促进。
●常用表达
★ 描述语言的名词及短语：la ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )nguage, development, influence, history, culture, native language, mother tongue, second language等。21教育网21世纪教育网版权所有
描述语言的动词及短语：speak, us ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )e, learn, understand, listen, speak, study, master, grasp, be used by / in, be regarded as, be considered to be等。21cnjy.com
描述语言的形容词及副词：popu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )lar, official, international, formal, informal, widely等。21·cn·jy·com21教育网
★ ... is one of the most popular languages in the world. 2·1·c·n·j·y21cnjy.com
... is one of the world’s major languages.
About ... people speak ..., making up ...
... is spoken by ... people.
... is one of the six ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) official languages of the United Nations.21·世纪*教育网
More and more people are beginning to learn ...
I’m sure ... will have an even brighter future.
It is easy / difficult to grasp ...
【范文展示】
Dear Jimmy,
How are you doing I am happy that you want to learn Chinese.
Chinese is on ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )e of the world’s major languages, and it is spoken by more than a billion people. It is also one of the six official languages of the United Nations. With the development of China’s economy, more and more people are beginning to learn Chinese.21世纪教育网版权所有21·cn·jy·com
However, it is dif ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )ficult for foreigners to grasp Chinese, because of its separate writing and pronunciation. Like other languages, it calls for learners’ interest, willingness and hardwork. What’s more, you have to pay attention to your learning method. Make a plan and follow it. Listening to Chinese music or watching Chinese movies will also help. Find a Chinese teacher if possible.www.21-cn-jy.com
I hope we can help ea ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ch other in our language studies. 【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
Best wishes!
Li Hua
21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品资料·第 3 页 （共 3 页） 版权所有@21世纪教育网