2023-2024学年四川省成都市高一（上）期末英语试卷(含解析）
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| 名称 | 2023-2024学年四川省成都市高一（上）期末英语试卷(含解析） |  | |
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| 版本资源 | 人教版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2024-02-05 20:51:48 | ||
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2023-2024学年四川省成都市高一（上）期末英语试卷
一、阅读理解：本大题共15小题，共37.5分。
A
Sport plays a huge part in Australian culture.Here are some wonderful sporting events for travelers from all over the world.
Australian Open （January）
The Australian Open is perhaps one of the country's most prized events and biggest summer parties.Hosted in January every year，this two- week tennis event lights up the city and brings the very best tennis superstars to Melbourne along with thousands of fans and a host of world-class singers. Word Surfing Championships （March to May）
While summer brings warmer waters ，Australia's autumn comes with the World Surfing Championships.Across the men's and women's tournaments（锦标赛），fans can see their favourite players trying their best across a series of events in the surfing capital of Australia，the Gold Coast.
Uluru Camel Cup （May）
If you're looking for a special Australian event，don't miss the Uluru Camel Cup.It's all about a camels' race to find the fastest camel in Australia.There are several activities that take place over the weekend with delicious food，live music and entertainment.You also have a chance to bet on your favourite camel. Melbourne Cup （November）
The Melbourne Cup is the country's most famous horse race，which is called" The Race That Stops A Nation".It's not all about the racing however，with fashion shows，music，and the best selections of food.This one-day event has become such a big part of Australian culture that it is now an official public holiday.
1.Which event will tennis fans be interested in？ ______
A. Australian Open. B. Melbourne Cup.
C. Uluru Camel Cup. D. World Surfing Championships.
2.In which month can we enjoy two different sporting events？ ______
A. January. B. March. C. May. D. November.
3.What's special about Melbourne Cup？ ______
A. It provides food. B. It is a public holiday.
C. It lasts for a weekend. D. It has live performances.
B
I grew up with the same group of kids from age 5 to age 12.We lived in the same community，shared the same schools and experienced all the ups and downs of that period.
Then I hit junior high and a whole new world opened up to me.It seemed everyone was there，friends from football teams and people from the summer workshop.They welcomed me，figuring that I had to be cool to know so many people.I was a different person with each new group of friends and began to distance myself from the "kindergarten group".
However，it wasn't long before these so-called new friends left me when they found out I really wasn't cool enough to be there.This was one of the hardest times in my life.I felt alone and was very disappointed in myself.It was then，when I thought I had nowhere else to go，that I tried to make my way back into the "kindergarten group".I organized a camp-out and invited them to come.I had thought they were going to be cold and exclude me as I had done to them.But they all turned up and we just picked up right where we left off.
There was absolutely no hate，only comfort and an unexpected sense of belonging.They gave me room to grow and learn my own lessons，my own way，in my own time.
From them，I have learned two things：the type of friends I want，and the type of friend I want to be.We will all continue to grow separately together，all the while providing the unconditional love，understanding and support only friends like these are capable of.
4.How did the author feel about her school life according to Paragraph 2？ ______
A. Shocked. B. Upset. C. Curious. D. Happy.
5.Why did the author organize a camp-out？ ______
A. To make more friends.
B. To get close to nature.
C. To apologize to her friends.
D. To reconnect with her old friends.
6.What does the underlined word "exclude" in Paragraph 3 probably mean？ ______
A. Cheat. B. Refuse. C. Warn. D. Attack.
7.What can be a suitable title for the text？ ______
A. A Friend in Need B. My Kindergarten Group
C. Lessons in Friendship D. Friends in My New School
C
My brother Jack's childhood was completely influenced by his extreme picky eating.From three to about 14，he only ate chicken，peanut butter，apples，cereal，and sweets.We tried everything in the book，but none succeeded.
However，in the past three years，he has gone through an amazing change.Today，he will eat close to ten times the types of foods he was willing to try before.He is even willing to try new things；he constantly asks to order something different at a restaurant.I've often wondered what makes a person change so much.
Through some research，several factors come out.The first major player in our food preferences is innate（先天的），and it all starts with genetics.As humans，we all are likely to enjoy a few particular tastes for evolutionary（进化的） reasons.
However，genetics aren't the only factor that explains why we enjoy or dislike particular foods.In fact，most of our preferences are actually learned，sometimes even before we are born.In one study，mothers regularly drank carrot juice late in the stages of their pregnancy（怀孕）.After birth，these babies tended to enjoy carrot-flavored milk more than other babies.
Additionally，I believe that sometimes，cultural influences affect your willingness to try food.Possibly，my brother finally got so sick of having to be the one who needed a special order at a restaurant that he forced himself to try and like those things he was afraid of.It simply takes time.People will learn to adapt and realize their true tastes.An open mind is a positive thing，and most will develop an ever-expanding plate as they age.
8.What do we know about Jack's eating habit before he was 14？ ______
A. He always ate too much.
B. He only ate certain foods.
C. He had no chance to try new food.
D. His family changed his eating habits.
9.Which word can best describe Jack's change of eating habits？ ______
A. Surprising. B. Scary. C. Dangerous. D. Funny.
10.What does the study on pregnant mothers tell us？ ______
A. Our food preference can be learned.
B. Genetics influences food preference.
C. Eating habits can't be changed very easily.
D. People enjoy certain foods for evolutionary reasons.
11.What suggestion does the author make about eating habits？ ______
A. Keep a healthy lifestyle. B. Stick to what we like.
C. Understand the food culture. D. Stay open and try something new.
D
The Gezhouba Dam is the world's largest run-of-river hydropower（水力发电） station and the first large water control project in the Yangtze River.It will celebrate the 43rd anniversary（周年纪念） of its functioning in 2024.Since its functioning，nearly 600 billion kilowatt-hours of electricity has been produced in total.It is the largest water protection project independently designed，constructed and operated by China in the 20th century.
From the start of construction in 1970 to the functioning of the first generator unit in 1981，to the completion of the whole project in December 1988，more than 100，000 hydropower specialists from all over the country，who set up base in the wilderness，carrying poles and pushing carts to overcome a series of significant technical problems，finally completed all the construction tasks with their blood and sweat.
Since its completion，the Gezhouba Dam has safely released more than 60 floods equal to 45，000 cubic meters per second on the Yangtze River，effectively reducing the pressure of downstream flood control operations and helping to protect the lives and belongings of people in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze.
"The successful construction and management of the Gezhouba Dam has provided valuable experience and played a role in training talent for the design，construction and operation of the Three Gorges Project and other super dams.Practice has proved that the Chinese are able to build and manage large water projects on the Yangtze River，"Xiang Ke，deputy director of the Gezhouba Hydropower Plant，said，"A new chapter of hydropower development for the Chinese people begins with the Gezhouba Dam，and we will continue our efforts to contribute to a brighter future in this field."
12.What can we learn about the Gezhouba Dam？ ______
A. It started to function in 1991.
B. It is the world's largest water control project.
C. Its completion is achieved without any foreign help.
D. It produces about 600 billion kilowatt-hours of electricity annually.
13.How long did the construction of the Gezhouba Dam take？ ______
A. 7 years. B. 11 years. C. 18 years. D. 43 years.
14.What is introduced about the Gezhouba Dam in the last paragraph？ ______
A. The process of building it. B. The way to operate it.
C. The reasons for constructing it. D. The significance it has produced.
15.What is the purpose of the text？ ______
A. To introduce a famous hydropower station.
B. To explain the function of the Gezhouba Dam.
C. To present China's determination in flood control.
D. To stress the importance of water control projects.
二、阅读七选五：本大题共5小题，共12.5分。
We can study language change using language corpora（语料库） like the Cambridge English Corpus，which contains a large collection of texts gathered over many years. （1） ______
Changes in adverbial meaning.A large change in language that we recorded in our research is the change in terms of frequency（频率） of the adverb "literally"，which in the 2010s was almost ten times more frequent than in the 1990s，for example.（2） ______ There has also been a notable change in meaning with the 2010s seeing much more metaphorical（比喻的） use of literally than before e.g."oh I literally haven't moved all day".This is important，as if someone had not moved in the slightest for a whole day，then we might grow a little worried for them.This of course was not what the speaker meant.（3） ______
Technology.Creativity in language often assumes creativity in the wider world，and technology is a great driver of this.Think about companies like WeChat or WhatsApp，which were founded in 2011 and 2009 respectively.In 2007，if you were to say "I'll whatsapp you"，no one would have understood.（4） ______ In fact，in the Now Corpus there are no examples of the word WhatsApp in 2010，while in 2018 there were over 50，000 examples.
（ 5） ______ The word "wicked"，for example，was originally used as a negative word.But a study shows that in spoken British English，wicked is used more positively like "well wicked" in the2010s.An important thing to know is that if someone calls something wicked，it is not necessarily bad.
A.Changes in positive and negative words.
B.Changes in the position of words in a sentence.
C.Rather，the speaker was most likely to stress a fact.
D.Here are three findings from the study of such data.
E.However，frequency is not the only point of interest.
F.Fortunately language change is happening all around us.
G.But now the frequency of the word has increased sharply.
16.A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
17.A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
18.A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
19.A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
20.A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
三、完形填空：本大题共15小题，共15分。
It was freezing cold last Saturday morning.Around 7 a.m.，Mark Anderson heard reports of a dog lying in the road in Arrowsic，Maine.When he arrived on the scene，he didn't see anything right away.But after some more （1） ______ ，he discovered the dog in a ditch（沟渠），almost （2） ______ to death.
Anderson （3） ______ there seemed to be claw（爪） marks on the ditch，possibly from the dog （4） ______ to climb out.But maybe her paws got so cold that she gave up.Anderson（5） ______ to carry the dog from the ditch and （6） ______ her to a nearby rescue center-where the on duty dispatcher（调度员）（ 7） ______ her.
The dispatcher gave the dog blankets and a portable heater to make her （8） ______ .Then they gave her some （9） ______ and once she warmed up，she ate the plate clean.
Trying to find the owner，Anderson then returned to the area where he found the dog，with （10） ______ dog posters in hand.With great （11） ______ ，he knocked on doors in the area until he eventually （12） ______ the dog's owner，an old lady called Marie Smith.According to Marie，the dog had （13） ______ the night before.She was very （14） ______ and stayed awake all night waiting for her.But thanks to Anderson's rescue （15） ______ ，she managed to reunite with her beloved dog.
21.A. waiting B. consideration C. discussion D. search
22.A. thirsty B. frozen C. bored D. frightened
23.A. sensed B. noticed C. heard D. remembered
24.A. learning B. pretending C. struggling D. preparing
25.A. managed B. preferred C. intended D. agreed
26.A. invited B. led C. transported D. pulled
27.A. looked into B. turned to C. took in D. cared for
28.A. warm B. energetic C. relaxed D. peaceful
29.A. medicine B. food C. clothes D. toys
30.A. lovely B. poor C. lost D. injured
31.A. pleasure B. determination C. fear D. shame
32.A. thanked B. interviewed C. influenced D. found
33.A. escaped B. panicked C. fought D. hid
34.A. annoyed B. embarrassed C. worried D. disappointed
35.A. plan B. intention C. arrangement D. effort
四、语法填空：本大题共1小题，共15分。
36.Imagine biting into a juicy burger that was produced without killing animals.Meat grown in a lab is turning that （1） ______ （imagine） into a reality.Several companies are developing lab-grown beef，pork，poultry and seafood.And the field is attracting millions in funding.
If widely used，lab-grown meat，also （2） ______ （call） clean meat，could reduce much of the cruel treatment of animals （3） ______ are raised for food.It could also reduce the environmental costs of meat production （4） ______ （great）.
The meat （5） ______ （produce） by first taking a muscle sample（样本） from an animal.Scientists collect stem cells from the sample and multiply（使繁殖） them to form more muscles.It's said that one muscle sample from a cow can produce enough meat （6） ______ （make） 80，000 hamburgers.
Many companies say they expect to have products for sale within the next few years.But clean meat will have to overcome （7） ______ number of difficulties，such as reducing the cost and proving the safety （8） ______ the meat before it appears on the market.The good news is that despite all these （9） ______ （challenge），the clean meat companies are keeping trying.If they can succeed，clean meat could make our lifestyle （10） ______ （green） and more ethical than before.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
五、阅读表达：本大题共1小题，共20分。
37.War broke out in our house in late July with less than a month to go before my first day of college.It was a battle of wills，my mom's and my own，over which school I was to attend.She wanted me to attend the well-known nursing school to which I was originally accepted，but I wanted to go to a small，private writing college with a student body of fewer than 300 students.Every night for two weeks，we argued，yelled and gave silent treatments until both parties went to bed with regrets and frustrations.
It was mostly my fault.Since my junior year of high school，I had aimed at being a nurse.I took all the required courses，applied for nursing scholarships，and even worked as a volunteer in my town's local hospital.My goal，or so I told everyone，was to treat the sick and heal the hurt.
Yet，as graduation and college neared，I gradually found it was not what I was meant to do for the rest of my life.I could picture myself in providing wound care，making rounds and taking temperatures，but I couldn't picture myself happy.It wasn't the future I wanted.
Then，it dawned on me.I had been creating and writing stories for as long as I could remember.Even at four years old，I had my dad write as I told him the stories I had created.I had written for my high school's newspaper and attended a writing camp over the previous summer.I loved it，and writing was what I had always pictured myself doing as a hobby.Now，it had become much more than a hobby.It was going to be my career even if the future was uncertain.It had to be.
第一节根据文本内容从方框中选择恰当的词并用其正确形式填入文本图示中，每词限用一次，有两词为多余选项。（每小题1分，共10分）
write nurse attend like preparation argue
goal career realize happy approach angry
In high school，I （1） ______ all the required courses and made all（2） ______ I could for being a nurse. → I believed it was my（3） ______ to heal the sick.
↓ ↓
As graduation（4） ______ ，I found that I wouldn't be（5） ______ doing nursing care in the future. → I decided not to be a（6） ______ .
↓ ↓
Then，I started to（7） ______ that I'd been always loving writing and doing it well. → I was determined to make writing my（8） ______
↓ ↓
In late July，I told my mom I wanted to go to a（9） ______ college instead of the famous nursing school. → My mom disagreed with me and we（10） ______ a lot.
第二节根据文本内容回答下列问题，词数不限（共10分）。
(1) What did the writer and her mom argue about？ ______
(2) Why do you think the writer's mom disagreed with her new idea？ ______
(3) How do you think the writer would solve the problem？ ______
六、书面表达：本大题共1小题，共20分。
38.近期你校英文报运动专栏正在向全校征稿，请你以"The Most Popular Sport in the School"为题，写一篇短文投稿。
要点包括：
（1）描述受欢迎程度；
（2）分析原因。
注意：
（1）词数100左右；
（2）可适当增加细节以使行文连贯。
The Most Popular Sport in the School_________________________________________________________
答案和解析
1~3.【答案】A、C、B
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据Australian Open （January）部分的Hosted in January every year，this two- week tennis event lights up the city and brings the very best tennis superstars to Melbourne along with thousands of fans and a host of world-class singers.（这项为期两周的网球赛事于每年 1月举办，点亮了这座城市，将最优秀的网球巨星带到墨尔本，成千上万的球迷和一群世界级的歌手）可知，对网球迷将会对澳大利亚网球公开赛感兴趣。故选A。
（2）细节理解题。根据四项赛事举行的时间，在五月举行的赛事有World Surfing Championships （March to May）和Uluru Camel Cup （May）可知，在五月可以参加两个不同的体育赛事。故选C。
（3）细节理解题。根据Melbourne Cup （November）部分的This one-day event has become such a big part of Australian culture that it is now an official public holiday.（这个为期一天的活动已经成为澳大利亚文化的重要组成部分，现在它是一个官方的公共假日。）可知，墨尔本杯的特别之处在于它是官方公共假日。故选 B。
本文是应用文。体育在澳大利亚文化中扮演着重要的角色。文章介绍了一些适合来自世界各地的旅行者精彩的体育赛事。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
4~7.【答案】C、D、B、C
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据第二段Then I hit junior high and a whole new world opened up to me.It seemed everyone was there，friends from football teams and people from the summer workshop.（然后我上了初中，一个全新的世界向我敞开了。似乎每个人都在那里，足球队的朋友和暑期工作坊的人。）可知，作者对学校生活感到好奇。A.Shocked.震惊的；B.Upset.沮丧的；C.Curious.好奇的；D.Happy.高兴的。故选C。
（2）细节理解题。根据第三段It was then，when I thought I had nowhere else to go，that I tried to make my way back into the "kindergarten group".I organized a camp-out and invited them to come.（就在那时，当我认为我无处可去时，我试图回到"幼儿园小组"。我组织了一个露营，并邀请他们来。）可知，作者组织露营是为了与她的老朋友重新联系。故选D。
（3）词义猜测题。根据第三段I had thought they were going to be cold and exclude me as I had done to them.But they all turned up and we just picked up right where we left off.（我原以为他们会像我对他们那样冷漠地排斥我。但他们都来了，我们只是从停下来的地方重新开始。）的后半句可知，exclude意为"排除，排斥"。A.Cheat.欺骗；B.Refuse.拒绝；C.Warn.警告；D.Attack.攻击。故选B。
（4）标题归纳题。本文介绍了作者5岁到12岁的时候和同一群孩子一起长大，后来上学后，忽视了自己的这帮朋友，后来没有交到新朋友，她重新与她的老朋友联系。这件事让作者从他们那里，学到了两件事：想要什么样的朋友，以及想成为什么样的朋友。A.A Friend in Need需要帮助的朋友；B.My Kindergarten Group我的幼儿园小组；C.Lessons in Friendship友谊的教训；D.Friends in My New School我新学校的朋友。C符合语意。故选C。
我在5岁到12岁的时候和同一群孩子一起长大。我们住在同一个社区，上同一所学校，经历了那个时期的所有起起落落。然后我进入了初中，一个全新的世界向我展开。似乎每个人都在那里，来自橄榄球队的朋友和暑期工作坊的人。他们欢迎我，觉得我一定很酷才认识这么多人。我和每个新的朋友群体都是不同的人，开始疏远"幼儿园的朋友群"。然而，没过多久这些所谓的新朋友发现我并不够酷，就离开了我。这是我生活中最艰难的时期之一。我感到孤独，对自己感到非常失望。就在我以为我无处可去的时候，我试图重新融入"幼儿园的朋友群"。我组织了一个露营活动，邀请他们来参加。我以为他们会对我冷淡，就像我对他们那样。但他们都来了，我们就像从前一样继续了下去。没有任何仇恨，只有舒适和意外的归属感。他们给了我成长和学习自己的教训的空间，以我自己的方式，用我自己的时间。从他们那里，我学到了两件事：我想要什么样的朋友，以及我想成为什么样的朋友。我们将继续共同成长，同时提供只有这样的朋友才能提供的无条件的爱、理解和支持。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
8~11.【答案】B、A、A、D
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第一段My brother Jack's childhood was completely influenced by his extreme picky eating.From three to about 14，he only ate chicken，peanut butter，apples，cereal，and sweets.We tried everything in the book，but none succeeded.（我弟弟杰克的童年完全受他极端挑食的影响。从3岁到14岁，他只吃鸡肉、花生酱、苹果、麦片和糖果。书上说的我们都试过了，但没有一个成功。）可知，杰克14岁之前的饮食习惯是他只吃某些食物。故选B。
（2）推理判断题。根据第二段However，in the past three years，he has gone through an amazing change.Today，he will eat close to ten times the types of foods he was willing to try before.He is even willing to try new things；he constantly asks to order something different at a restaurant.I've often wondered what makes a person change so much.（然而，在过去的三年里，他经历了一个惊人的变化。今天，他吃的食物种类是他以前愿意尝试的近十倍。他甚至愿意尝试新事物；他在餐馆里总是要求点不同的菜。我经常想知道是什么让一个人改变这么多。）可推知，杰克饮食习惯的改变是令人惊讶的。故选A。
（3）细节理解题。根据第四段However，genetics aren't the only factor that explains why we enjoy or dislike particular foods.In fact，most of our preferences are actually learned，sometimes even before we are born.In one study，mothers regularly drank carrot juice late in the stages of their pregnancy （怀孕）.After birth，these babies tended to enjoy carrot-flavored milk more than other babies.（然而，基因并不是解释我们喜欢或不喜欢某种食物的唯一因素。事实上，我们的大多数偏好都是后天习得的，有时甚至在我们出生前就习得了。在一项研究中，妈妈们在怀孕后期经常喝胡萝卜汁。出生后，这些婴儿往往比其他婴儿更喜欢胡萝卜味的牛奶。）可知，对孕妇的研究告诉我们的食物偏好是可以学习的。故选 A。
（4）推理判断题。根据最后一段Additionally，I believe that sometimes，cultural influences affect your willingness to try food，Possibly，my brother finally got so sick of having to be the one who needed a special order at a restaurant that he forced himself to try and like those things he was afraid of.It simply takes time.People will learn to adapt and realize their true tastes.An open mind is a positive thing，and most will develop an ever-expanding plate as they age.（另外，我相信有时候，文化影响会影响你尝试食物的意愿。可能，我弟弟终于厌倦了在餐馆里做那个需要特别点餐的人，他强迫自己尝试并喜欢上了那些他害怕的东西。这只是需要时间。人们将学会适应并认识到自己真正的品味。开放的心态是一件积极的事情，随着年龄的增长，大多数人的盘子都会不断扩大。）可推知，作者对饮食习惯，认为应该保持开放，尝试新事物。故选D。
这是一篇说明文。主要讲述了作者以弟弟杰克童年的饮食习惯为例，阐明对于饮食习惯，认为应该保持开放，尝试新事物。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
12~15.【答案】C、C、D、A
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第一段中的It is the largest water protection project independently designed，constructed and operated by China in the 20 century.（它是20世纪中国自主设计、建造和运营的规模最大的水利工程。）可知，葛洲坝是在没有任何外国帮助的情况下完成的。故选C。
（2）数字计算题。根据第二段From the start of construction in 1970 to the functioning of the first generator unit in 1981，to the completion of the whole project in December 1988，more than 100，000 hydropower specialists from all over the country，who set up base in the wilderness，carrying poles and pushing carts to overcome a series of significant technical problems，finally completed all the construction tasks with their blood and sweat.（从1970年开工建设，到1981年第一台发电机组投入使用，再到1988年12月全线建成，来自全国各地的10万多名水电专家，在荒无人烟的野外扎营，扛杆子、推小车，克服了一系列重大技术难题，最终用血汗完成了各项建设任务。）可知，葛洲坝从1970年开工建设，到1981年第一台发电机组投入使用，再到1988年12月全线建成，共花费18年时间。故选C。
（3）推理判断题。根据最后一段The successful construction and management of the Gezhouba Dam has provided valuable experience and played a role in training talent for the design，construction and operation of the Three Gorges Project and other super dams."（葛洲坝大坝的成功建设和管理为三峡工程和其他超级大坝的设计、建设和运营培养了宝贵的经验和人才。）可知，最后一段介绍了葛洲坝工程所产生的意义。故选D。
（4）目的意图题。根据第一段The Gezhouba Dam is the world's largest run-of-river hydropower （水力发电） station and the first large water control project in the Yangtze River.（葛洲坝大坝是世界上最大的顺流水电站，也是长江流域第一个大型水利工程。）可知，本文介绍葛洲坝这个著名的水力发电站。故选A。
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了葛洲坝的历史、发展和重要作用。
考查说明文。做题时要先通读全文，把握大意，然后结合题干及选项做出正确的选择。
16~20.【答案】D、E、C、G、A
【解析】（1）联系上文题。根据上文We can study language change using language corpora（语料库） like the Cambridge English Corpus，which contains a large collection of texts gathered over many years.（我们可以使用语言语料库来研究语言的变化，比如剑桥英语语料库，它包含了多年来收集的大量文本。）可知，说明我们可以使用语料库来研究语言的变化，下文各段首句说明了语言的变化，选项D"以下是对这些数据的研究得出的三个结论。"符合语境，故选D。
（2）语境衔接题。根据上文A large change in language that we recorded in our research is the change in terms of frequency（频率） of the adverb "literally"，which in the 2010s was almost ten times more frequent than in the 1990s，（我们在研究中记录到的一个很大的语言变化是副词"literally"的频率变化，在2010年代，这个频率几乎是90年代的10倍。）举例说明副词频率变化很大，和下文There has also been a notable change in meaning with the 2010s seeing much more metaphorical（比喻的） use of literally than before e.g."oh I literally haven't moved all day".（意思也发生了显著变化，201 0年代以来，"literally" 的隐喻用法比以前多了很多，例如"哦，我真的一整天都没动"。）可知，说明了意思也发生了显著的变化，因此推断前后文说明了两件不同的事情，选项E"然而，频率并不是唯一的兴趣点。"符合语境，故选E。
（3）联系上文题。根据上文There has also been a notable change in meaning with the 2010s seeing much more metaphorical（比喻的） use of literally than before e.g."oh I literally haven't moved all day".This is important，as if someone had not moved in the slightest for a whole day，then we might grow a little worried for them.This of course was not what the speaker meant.（意思也发生了显著变化，2010年代以来， "literally"的隐喻用法比以前多了很多，例如"哦，我真的一整天都没动"。这一点很重要，就好像有人一整天都没有动过，然后我们可能会有点担心他们。这当然不是说话人的意思。）可知，说明使用这个副词，说话人并非是真的说一整天没有动过，选项C"相反，演讲者更有可能强调一个事实。"符合语境，故选C。
（4）语境衔接题。根据上文In 2007，if you were to say "I'll WhatsApp you"，no one would have understood.（ 2007年，如果你说"我会用WhatsApp联系你"，没人会理解。）说明2007年人们还不理解这句话，和下文In fact，in the Now Corpus there are no examples of the word WhatsApp in 2010，while in 2018 there were over 50，000 examples.（事实上，在Now语料库中，2010年没有 WhatsApp这个词的例子，而在2018年有超过5万个例子。）可知，说明人们越来越经常使用这个词，选项G"但现在这个词的频率急剧增加。"符合语境，故选G。
（5）联系上文题。根据下文The word "wicked"，for example，was originally used as a negative word.But a study shows that in spoken British English，wicked is used more positively like "well wicked" in the2010s.An important thing to know is that if someone calls something wicked，it is not necessarily bad.（例如，"wicked"这个词最初是一个贬义词。但一项研究表明，在21世纪10年代的英式口语中，wicked的用法更积极，比如"well wicked"。要知道的重要一点是，如果有人说某事wicked。这并不一定是坏事。）可知，说明本段讲述词汇的积极性和消极词性有所变化，选项A"积极词汇和消极词汇的变化。"符合语境，故选A。
这是一篇说明文。本文讲述了语言随着时代在三个不同方面的改变。
七选五阅读是完成性阅读，和完形填空很类似，不同的是一个选词，一个选句子。解题时，要注意上下文语境，充分考虑信息词（选项中和空格前后句子中相同或相近的词），选出最符合语境的句子。
21~35.【答案】D、B、B、C、A、C、D、A、B、C、B、D、A、C、D
【解析】（1）考查名词及语境理解。A.waiting等待；B.consideration考虑；C.discussion讨论；D.search搜索。句意：但是经过一些搜寻工作后，他在一条沟里找到了这条狗，差点被冻死。根据上文"he didn't see anything right away"（他当时啥也没看到）可知，他一开始没有发现狗在哪里，需要搜索一番才能找到，故选D。
（2）考查形容词及语境理解。A.thirsty渴的；B.frozen冻坏的；C.bored无聊的；D.frightened害怕的。句意：但是经过一些搜寻工作后，他在一条沟里找到了这条狗，差点被冻死。根据第一句"It was freezing cold last Saturday morning"（周六早上寒风刺骨）可知，早上是非常冷的，所以这只小狗过了一晚也是很冷的，frozen to death，意为"冻死"。故选B。
（3）考查动词及语境理解。A.sensed感觉到；B.noticed注意到；C.heard听到；D.remembered想起来。句意：安德森发现在水沟的边缘有爪子抓挠的痕迹，可能是这条狗挣扎着爬出来时留下的。根据下文"there seemed to be claw （爪） marks on the ditch"可知，安德森看到小狗后顺便注意到水沟边缘都是爪痕，其它三个选项无法正确理解，故选B。
（4）考查名动及语境理解。A.learning学习；B.pretending假装；C.struggling挣扎；D.preparing准备。句意：安德森发现在水沟的边缘有爪子抓挠的痕迹，可能是这条狗挣扎着爬出来时留下的。根据上一题"claw （爪） marks on the ditch"可知，它挣扎过很多次了，故选C。
（5）考查动词及语境理解。A.managed设法做成；B.preferred倾向于；C.intended意图做；D.agreed同意。句意：安德森设法把这条狗从水沟里拉了出来，并且把它转移到了附近的一个救助中心，在那里值班的调度员会照顾她。根据下文"transport her to a nearby rescue center"可知，安德森设法成功地把小狗从沟里拉了出来并送到了附近的救助站，故选A。
（6）考查动词及语境理解。A.invited邀请；B.led引导；C.transported运输，搬运；D.pulled拉。句意：安德森设法把这条狗从水沟里拉了出来，并且把它转移到了附近的一个救助中心，在那里值班的调度员会照顾她。根据下文"transport her to a nearby rescue center"可知，安德森把小狗拉出来后送去了附近的救助中心，transport意思是"运输，搬运"，也就是把小狗转移走了，符合题意，故选C。
（7）考查动词短语及语境理解。A.looked into调查；B.turned to转向；C.took in吸收，收留；D.cared for照顾。句意：安德森设法把这条狗从水沟里拉了出来，并且把它转移到了附近的一个救助中心，在那里值班的调度员会照顾她。根据下文"The dispatcher gave the dog blankets and a portable heater to make her warm"（调度员给了小狗一条毯子和一个便携发热器以保持温暖）可知，调度员会照顾它的，故选D。
（8）考查形容词及语境理解。A.warm温暖的；B.energetic有活力的；C.relaxed放松的；D.peaceful和平的。句意：调度员给了小狗一条毯子和一个便携发热器以保持温暖。根据上文"portable heater"可知，小狗冻了一晚上，当务之急是先暖和起来，故选A。
（9）考查名词及语境理解。A.medicine药品；B.food食物；C.clothes衣服；D.toys玩具。句意：然后调度员给了小狗一些食物，等到小狗暖和过来之后，就把盘子里的食物全部吃光了。根据下文"she ate the plate clean"（它把盘子吃光了）可知，调度员给了它一些食物，故选B。
（10）考查形容词及语境理解。A.lovely可爱的；B.poor可怜的；C.lost丢失的；D.injured受伤的。句意：安德森想要找到主人，于是他回到了找到小狗的地方，手里拿着走失小狗的海报。根据上文"Mark Anderson heard reports of a dog lying in the road in Arrowsic."（马克安德森从新闻上听到Arrowsic的路边躺着一只小狗）可知，新闻报道有只小狗在路边躺着，说明它已经走失了，故选C。
（11）考查名词及语境理解。A.pleasure乐趣；B.determination决心；C.fear恐惧；D.shame耻辱。句意：他怀着巨大的决心，在这一片区域逐一敲门，最终找到了小狗的主人，是一位叫做Marie Smith老太太。根据下文"he knocked on doors in the area until he eventually found the dog's owner"（他逐一敲门直到最终找到了狗主人）可知，他能挨个敲门，是怀着巨大决心的，故选B。
（12）考查动词及语境理解。A.thanked感谢；B.interviewed采访；C.influenced影响；D.found找到。句意：他怀着巨大的决心，在这一片区域逐一敲门，最终找到了小狗的主人，是一位叫做Marie Smith老太太。根据下文"an old lady called Marie Smith"可知，狗主人是一位老太太，说明他最终找到了狗主人，故选D。
（13）考查动词及语境理解。A.escaped逃跑；B.panicked惊慌；C.fought打架；D.hid躲藏。句意：根据Marie所说，这只小狗在前天晚上逃出去了。根据上文"Mark Anderson heard reports of a dog lying in the road in Arrowsic."（马克安德森从新闻上听到Arrowsic的路边躺着一只小狗）可知，小狗已经走丢了，肯定是晚上从家里跑出去了，也就是"逃跑了"，故选A。
（14）考查形容词及语境理解。A.annoyed烦恼的；B.embarrassed尴尬的；C.worried担忧的；D.disappointed失望的。句意：她非常担心，整夜未眠，等着小狗回家。根据下文"stayed awake all night"可知，狗主人是很担心的，故选C。
（15）考查名词及语境理解。A.plan计划；B.intention意图；C.arrangement安排；D.effort努力。句意：但是多亏了安德森的努力，她终于可以和自己心爱的小狗团聚。根据上文"With great determination"可知，安德森为了找到狗主人怀着巨大决心，同时为了救助小狗是付出了巨大努力的，故选D。
本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了一名叫Mark Anderson的好心人在一个冰冷的早上救下了一条差点被冻死的小狗，并通过努力找到主人的暖心故事。
完形填空题的解题步骤：
1.通读全文，理解大意。重视首句信息，跳过空格，浏览全文，从整体上感知全文，理解文章大意，这是解题的基础。
2.瞻前顾后，避难就易。在理解文章大意的情况下，结合各选项的意义和用法，遵循先易后难的原则，先解决那些自己有把握的问题。对少数难题，暂时跳过，或许在上文中难以判断的题在下文中就有暗示或者明显的提示，或许一个在前面不能解答的题在填出了另一空后会令你豁然开朗。
3.复读全文，解决残敌。借助已经补全的空格，对全文有了更清楚的理解，可以集中解决所遗留的少数疑难问题。
4.再次复读，弥补疏漏，全部做好后，务必要结合自己选择的答案重新阅读短文内容，确保全文文意连贯。
36.【答案】【小题1】imagination
【小题2】called
【小题3】which/that
【小题4】greatly
【小题5】is produced
【小题6】to make
【小题7】a
【小题8】of
【小题9】challenges
【小题10】greener
【解析】（1）考查不可数名词。句意：实验室里培育的肉类正在将这种想象变成现实。根据that可知横线处用名词，imagination是不可数名词。故填imagination。
（2）考查过去分词。句意：如果广泛使用，实验室培育的肉，也称为人造肉，可以减少对饲养动物的残酷对待。分析句子可知，本句已有谓语动词could reduce，所以横线处的动词作非谓语，逻辑主语lab-grown meat与call之间是逻辑上的被动关系，所以用过去分词作定语。故填called。
（3）考查定语从句。句意：如果广泛使用，实验室培育的肉，也称为人造肉，可以减少对饲养动物的残酷对待。分析句子可知横线处引导定语从句，修饰指物的先行词animals，在定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which/that引导该从句。故填which/that。
（4）考查副词。句意：它还可以大大降低肉类生产的环境成本。分析句子可知横线处用副词作状语修饰谓语动词could reduce。故填greatly。
（5）考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：这种肉是通过首先从动物身上采集肌肉样本来生产的。分析句子可知横线处作句子谓语。根据上下文可知本句用一般现在时，句子主语The meat与produce之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态，主语为不可数名词，所以助动词用is。故填 is produced。
（6）考查动词不定式。句意：据说，一头牛的一个肌肉样本可以生产出足够制作80000个汉堡的肉。分析句子可知横线处用动词不定式作meat的后置定语。故填to make。
（7）考查不定冠词。句意：但人造肉类必须克服许多困难，例如降低成本，并在其上市前证明其安全性。a number of"大量，许多"是固定短语，故填a。
（8）考查介词。句意：但人造肉类必须克服许多困难，例如降低成本，并在其上市前证明其安全性。分析句子可知横线处用介词of构成前后两个名词的所属关系。故填of。
（9）考查可数名词复数。句意：好消息是，尽管面临这些挑战，人造肉类公司仍在继续努力。根据these可知横线处用可数名词复数。故填challenges。
（10）考查形容词比较级。句意：如果他们能成功，清洁肉类可以使我们的生活方式比以前更环保、更合乎道德。分析句子可知横线处与more ethical是并列宾语补足语，所以横线处用形容词比较极。故填greener。
本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍现在一些公司正在开发实验室培育的牛肉、猪肉、家禽和海鲜等人造肉。
语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词汇和语法等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境填写正确答案。
37.【答案】【小题1】attended
【小题2】preparations
【小题3】goal
【解析】（1）考查动词。句意：在高中，我参加了所有的必修课，并为成为一名护士做了所有的准备。根据第二段中Since my junior year of high school，I had aimed at being a nurse.I took all the required courses，applied for nursing scholarships，and even worked as a volunteer in my town's local hospital. （从高中第一年起，我就立志成为一名护士。我修完了所有的必修课，申请了护理奖学金，甚至还在镇上的当地医院做了志愿者。）可知，这里讲的是作者参加了所有的必修课。由此可知，空格处应为动词attend的过去时attended"出席"，满足句意要求。故填attended。
（2）考查名词。句意：在高中，我参加了所有的必修课，并为成为一名护士做了所有的准备。根据第二段中Since my junior year of high school，I had aimed at being a nurse.I took all the required courses，applied for nursing scholarships，and even worked as a volunteer in my town's local hospital. （从高中第一年起，我就立志成为一名护士。我修完了所有的必修课，申请了护理奖学金，甚至还在镇上的当地医院做了志愿者。）可知，这里讲的是作者为成为一名护士做了所有的准备。由此可知，空格处应为名词preparation的复数形式preparations"准备"，满足句意要求。故填preparations。
（3）考查名词。句意：我相信我的目标是治愈病人。根据第二段中My goal，or so I told everyone，was to treat the sick and heal the hurt. （我的目标，或者说我告诉所有人的，是治疗病患，治愈伤痛。）可知，这里讲的是作者的目标是治愈病人。由此可知，空格处应为名词goal"目标"，满足句意要求。故填goal。
（4）考查动词。句意：随着毕业的临近，我发现我将来不会喜欢做护理工作。根据第三段中Yet，as graduation and college neared，I gradually found it was not what I was meant to do for the rest of my life. （然而，随着毕业和大学的临近，我逐渐发现这并不是我打算在余生中做的事情。）可知，这里讲的是作者随着毕业的临近，发现将来不会喜欢做护理工作。由此可知，空格处应为动词approach的过去时approached"接近，临近"，满足句意要求。故填approached。
（5）考查形容词。句意：随着毕业的临近，我发现我将来不会喜欢做护理工作。根据第三段中I could picture myself in providing wound care，making rounds and taking temperatures，but I couldn't picture myself happy. （我可以想象自己照顾伤口、巡视、量体温的情景，但我无法想象自己是快乐的。）可知，这里讲的是作者发现将来做护理工作不会开心。由此可知，空格处应为形容词happy"快乐的"，满足句意要求。故填happy。
（6）考查名词。句意：我决定不做护士了。根据第三段中It wasn't the future I wanted. （不是我想要的未来。）可知，这里讲的是作者决定不做护士了。由此可知，空格处应为名词nurse"护士"，满足句意要求。故填nurse。
（7）考查动词。句意：然后，我开始意识到我一直都很喜欢写作，而且写得很好。根据第四段中Then，it dawned on me.I had been creating and writing stories for as long as I could remember.Even at four years old，I had my dad write as I told him the stories I had created. （然后，我明白了。从记事起，我就一直在创作和写故事。甚至在我四岁的时候，我就让父亲写我创作的故事给他听。）可知，这里讲的是作者意识到自己一直都很喜欢写作，而且写得很好。由此可知，空格处应为动词realize"意识到"，满足句意要求。故填realize。
（8）考查名词。句意：我决心把写作作为我的事业。根据第四段中Now，it had become much more than a hobby.It was going to be my career even if the future was uncertain. （现在，它已经不仅仅是一种爱好了。这将是我的事业，即使未来是不确定的。）可知，这里讲的是作者决心把写作作为自己的事业。由此可知，空格处应为名词career"事业"，满足句意要求。故填career。
（9）考查名词。句意：7月下旬，我告诉妈妈我想去一所写作学院，而不是著名的护理学校。根据第一段中She wanted me to attend the well-known nursing school to which I was originally accepted，but I wanted to go to a small，private writing college with a student body of fewer than 300 students. （她想让我去一所著名的护理学校，我最初是被那所学校录取的，但我想去一所学生人数不到300人的小型私立写作学院。）可知，这里讲的是作者告诉妈妈想去一所写作学院，而不是著名的护理学校。由此可知，空格处应为write的名词形式writing"写作"，满足句意要求。故填writing。
（10）考查动词。句意：我妈妈不同意我的意见，我们经常争吵。根据第一段中Every night for two weeks，we argued，yelled and gave silent treatments until both parties went to bed with regrets and frustrations. （连续两周的每个晚上，我们都争吵、大吼大叫，互相沉默，直到双方都带着遗憾和沮丧上床睡觉。）可知，这里讲的是作者妈妈不同意作者的意见，经常争吵。由此可知，空格处应为argue的过去时argued"争吵"，满足句意要求。故填argued。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中War broke out in our house in late July with less than a month to go before my first day of college.It was a battle of wills，my mom's and my own，over which school I was to attend.She wanted me to attend the well-known nursing school to which I was originally accepted，but I wanted to go to a small，private writing college with a student body of fewer than 300 students. （7月下旬，离我上大学还有不到一个月的时候，我们家爆发了战争。我到底该上哪所学校，这是一场意志的较量，是我妈妈和我自己的意志。她想让我去一所著名的护理学校，我最初是被那所学校录取的，但我想去一所学生人数不到300人的小型私立写作学院。）可知，作者和她妈妈争论作者应该上哪所大学。故答案为They argued about which college the writer should attend.
（2）开放性试题。言之有理即可。根据文章大意可知，作者的妈妈不同意她的新想法，可能是因为也许她不想让作者的所有努力付诸东流，担心作者没有想清楚。故答案为Maybe she didn't want all the efforts the writer had made to be wasted and worried that the writer didn't think it through. /Maybe she thought the writing college was unreliable and the future of being a writer was uncertain.
（3）开放性试题。言之有理即可。根据文章大意以及结合作者遇到的问题可知，我认为作者解决这个问题的方法是她可以和妈妈坦诚地交谈，或者写信给妈妈，解释她改变主意的原因，展示她对写作的热情和能力。故答案为She could have an honest talk with or write a letter to her mom，explaining the reasons why she changed her mind，showing her enthusiasm about writing and her ability in it.
这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者和妈妈在选择专业时意见不一致，在作者的努力下终于和解。
做题时首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意。其次，细读题材，各个击破。掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息。
38.【答案】The Most Popular Sport in the SchoolBasketball is the most popular sport in our school.You can always see students on the basketball court after school.It's a hit among students for a couple of straightforward reasons.（话题）
Firstly，basketball is just exciting.Shooting，and scoring all happen in a flash，keeping everyone hooked.Plus，being a team sport，it builds strong bonds and teamwork among players，adding to its appeal.（描述受欢迎程度）
What makes it even better is that our school makes it easy to play.【高分句型一】With well-kept courts and fun tournaments，basketball is super accessible.The school has made sure that students can easily jump in and enjoy the game.（描述受欢迎程度）
In a nutshell，basketball's popularity comes down to its fast-paced fun，team spirit，and how easy it is to get into.It's not just a sport.It's the glue that bring us all together.【高分句型二】（总结）
【解析】高分句型一：What makes it even better is that our school makes it easy to play.
译文：更棒的是，我们学校让它更容易玩。
分析：这句话使用了what引导的主语从句，that引导的表语从句。
高分句型二：It's the glue that bring us all together.
译文：这是把我们团结在一起的胶水。
分析：这句话使用了that引导的限制性定语从句。
这是一篇提纲类作文。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括，缺一不可。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，不能出现文章脱节问题。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。同时注意要求的字数，不要太多也不要太少。
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一、阅读理解：本大题共15小题，共37.5分。
A
Sport plays a huge part in Australian culture.Here are some wonderful sporting events for travelers from all over the world.
Australian Open （January）
The Australian Open is perhaps one of the country's most prized events and biggest summer parties.Hosted in January every year，this two- week tennis event lights up the city and brings the very best tennis superstars to Melbourne along with thousands of fans and a host of world-class singers. Word Surfing Championships （March to May）
While summer brings warmer waters ，Australia's autumn comes with the World Surfing Championships.Across the men's and women's tournaments（锦标赛），fans can see their favourite players trying their best across a series of events in the surfing capital of Australia，the Gold Coast.
Uluru Camel Cup （May）
If you're looking for a special Australian event，don't miss the Uluru Camel Cup.It's all about a camels' race to find the fastest camel in Australia.There are several activities that take place over the weekend with delicious food，live music and entertainment.You also have a chance to bet on your favourite camel. Melbourne Cup （November）
The Melbourne Cup is the country's most famous horse race，which is called" The Race That Stops A Nation".It's not all about the racing however，with fashion shows，music，and the best selections of food.This one-day event has become such a big part of Australian culture that it is now an official public holiday.
1.Which event will tennis fans be interested in？ ______
A. Australian Open. B. Melbourne Cup.
C. Uluru Camel Cup. D. World Surfing Championships.
2.In which month can we enjoy two different sporting events？ ______
A. January. B. March. C. May. D. November.
3.What's special about Melbourne Cup？ ______
A. It provides food. B. It is a public holiday.
C. It lasts for a weekend. D. It has live performances.
B
I grew up with the same group of kids from age 5 to age 12.We lived in the same community，shared the same schools and experienced all the ups and downs of that period.
Then I hit junior high and a whole new world opened up to me.It seemed everyone was there，friends from football teams and people from the summer workshop.They welcomed me，figuring that I had to be cool to know so many people.I was a different person with each new group of friends and began to distance myself from the "kindergarten group".
However，it wasn't long before these so-called new friends left me when they found out I really wasn't cool enough to be there.This was one of the hardest times in my life.I felt alone and was very disappointed in myself.It was then，when I thought I had nowhere else to go，that I tried to make my way back into the "kindergarten group".I organized a camp-out and invited them to come.I had thought they were going to be cold and exclude me as I had done to them.But they all turned up and we just picked up right where we left off.
There was absolutely no hate，only comfort and an unexpected sense of belonging.They gave me room to grow and learn my own lessons，my own way，in my own time.
From them，I have learned two things：the type of friends I want，and the type of friend I want to be.We will all continue to grow separately together，all the while providing the unconditional love，understanding and support only friends like these are capable of.
4.How did the author feel about her school life according to Paragraph 2？ ______
A. Shocked. B. Upset. C. Curious. D. Happy.
5.Why did the author organize a camp-out？ ______
A. To make more friends.
B. To get close to nature.
C. To apologize to her friends.
D. To reconnect with her old friends.
6.What does the underlined word "exclude" in Paragraph 3 probably mean？ ______
A. Cheat. B. Refuse. C. Warn. D. Attack.
7.What can be a suitable title for the text？ ______
A. A Friend in Need B. My Kindergarten Group
C. Lessons in Friendship D. Friends in My New School
C
My brother Jack's childhood was completely influenced by his extreme picky eating.From three to about 14，he only ate chicken，peanut butter，apples，cereal，and sweets.We tried everything in the book，but none succeeded.
However，in the past three years，he has gone through an amazing change.Today，he will eat close to ten times the types of foods he was willing to try before.He is even willing to try new things；he constantly asks to order something different at a restaurant.I've often wondered what makes a person change so much.
Through some research，several factors come out.The first major player in our food preferences is innate（先天的），and it all starts with genetics.As humans，we all are likely to enjoy a few particular tastes for evolutionary（进化的） reasons.
However，genetics aren't the only factor that explains why we enjoy or dislike particular foods.In fact，most of our preferences are actually learned，sometimes even before we are born.In one study，mothers regularly drank carrot juice late in the stages of their pregnancy（怀孕）.After birth，these babies tended to enjoy carrot-flavored milk more than other babies.
Additionally，I believe that sometimes，cultural influences affect your willingness to try food.Possibly，my brother finally got so sick of having to be the one who needed a special order at a restaurant that he forced himself to try and like those things he was afraid of.It simply takes time.People will learn to adapt and realize their true tastes.An open mind is a positive thing，and most will develop an ever-expanding plate as they age.
8.What do we know about Jack's eating habit before he was 14？ ______
A. He always ate too much.
B. He only ate certain foods.
C. He had no chance to try new food.
D. His family changed his eating habits.
9.Which word can best describe Jack's change of eating habits？ ______
A. Surprising. B. Scary. C. Dangerous. D. Funny.
10.What does the study on pregnant mothers tell us？ ______
A. Our food preference can be learned.
B. Genetics influences food preference.
C. Eating habits can't be changed very easily.
D. People enjoy certain foods for evolutionary reasons.
11.What suggestion does the author make about eating habits？ ______
A. Keep a healthy lifestyle. B. Stick to what we like.
C. Understand the food culture. D. Stay open and try something new.
D
The Gezhouba Dam is the world's largest run-of-river hydropower（水力发电） station and the first large water control project in the Yangtze River.It will celebrate the 43rd anniversary（周年纪念） of its functioning in 2024.Since its functioning，nearly 600 billion kilowatt-hours of electricity has been produced in total.It is the largest water protection project independently designed，constructed and operated by China in the 20th century.
From the start of construction in 1970 to the functioning of the first generator unit in 1981，to the completion of the whole project in December 1988，more than 100，000 hydropower specialists from all over the country，who set up base in the wilderness，carrying poles and pushing carts to overcome a series of significant technical problems，finally completed all the construction tasks with their blood and sweat.
Since its completion，the Gezhouba Dam has safely released more than 60 floods equal to 45，000 cubic meters per second on the Yangtze River，effectively reducing the pressure of downstream flood control operations and helping to protect the lives and belongings of people in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze.
"The successful construction and management of the Gezhouba Dam has provided valuable experience and played a role in training talent for the design，construction and operation of the Three Gorges Project and other super dams.Practice has proved that the Chinese are able to build and manage large water projects on the Yangtze River，"Xiang Ke，deputy director of the Gezhouba Hydropower Plant，said，"A new chapter of hydropower development for the Chinese people begins with the Gezhouba Dam，and we will continue our efforts to contribute to a brighter future in this field."
12.What can we learn about the Gezhouba Dam？ ______
A. It started to function in 1991.
B. It is the world's largest water control project.
C. Its completion is achieved without any foreign help.
D. It produces about 600 billion kilowatt-hours of electricity annually.
13.How long did the construction of the Gezhouba Dam take？ ______
A. 7 years. B. 11 years. C. 18 years. D. 43 years.
14.What is introduced about the Gezhouba Dam in the last paragraph？ ______
A. The process of building it. B. The way to operate it.
C. The reasons for constructing it. D. The significance it has produced.
15.What is the purpose of the text？ ______
A. To introduce a famous hydropower station.
B. To explain the function of the Gezhouba Dam.
C. To present China's determination in flood control.
D. To stress the importance of water control projects.
二、阅读七选五：本大题共5小题，共12.5分。
We can study language change using language corpora（语料库） like the Cambridge English Corpus，which contains a large collection of texts gathered over many years. （1） ______
Changes in adverbial meaning.A large change in language that we recorded in our research is the change in terms of frequency（频率） of the adverb "literally"，which in the 2010s was almost ten times more frequent than in the 1990s，for example.（2） ______ There has also been a notable change in meaning with the 2010s seeing much more metaphorical（比喻的） use of literally than before e.g."oh I literally haven't moved all day".This is important，as if someone had not moved in the slightest for a whole day，then we might grow a little worried for them.This of course was not what the speaker meant.（3） ______
Technology.Creativity in language often assumes creativity in the wider world，and technology is a great driver of this.Think about companies like WeChat or WhatsApp，which were founded in 2011 and 2009 respectively.In 2007，if you were to say "I'll whatsapp you"，no one would have understood.（4） ______ In fact，in the Now Corpus there are no examples of the word WhatsApp in 2010，while in 2018 there were over 50，000 examples.
（ 5） ______ The word "wicked"，for example，was originally used as a negative word.But a study shows that in spoken British English，wicked is used more positively like "well wicked" in the2010s.An important thing to know is that if someone calls something wicked，it is not necessarily bad.
A.Changes in positive and negative words.
B.Changes in the position of words in a sentence.
C.Rather，the speaker was most likely to stress a fact.
D.Here are three findings from the study of such data.
E.However，frequency is not the only point of interest.
F.Fortunately language change is happening all around us.
G.But now the frequency of the word has increased sharply.
16.A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
17.A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
18.A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
19.A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
20.A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
三、完形填空：本大题共15小题，共15分。
It was freezing cold last Saturday morning.Around 7 a.m.，Mark Anderson heard reports of a dog lying in the road in Arrowsic，Maine.When he arrived on the scene，he didn't see anything right away.But after some more （1） ______ ，he discovered the dog in a ditch（沟渠），almost （2） ______ to death.
Anderson （3） ______ there seemed to be claw（爪） marks on the ditch，possibly from the dog （4） ______ to climb out.But maybe her paws got so cold that she gave up.Anderson（5） ______ to carry the dog from the ditch and （6） ______ her to a nearby rescue center-where the on duty dispatcher（调度员）（ 7） ______ her.
The dispatcher gave the dog blankets and a portable heater to make her （8） ______ .Then they gave her some （9） ______ and once she warmed up，she ate the plate clean.
Trying to find the owner，Anderson then returned to the area where he found the dog，with （10） ______ dog posters in hand.With great （11） ______ ，he knocked on doors in the area until he eventually （12） ______ the dog's owner，an old lady called Marie Smith.According to Marie，the dog had （13） ______ the night before.She was very （14） ______ and stayed awake all night waiting for her.But thanks to Anderson's rescue （15） ______ ，she managed to reunite with her beloved dog.
21.A. waiting B. consideration C. discussion D. search
22.A. thirsty B. frozen C. bored D. frightened
23.A. sensed B. noticed C. heard D. remembered
24.A. learning B. pretending C. struggling D. preparing
25.A. managed B. preferred C. intended D. agreed
26.A. invited B. led C. transported D. pulled
27.A. looked into B. turned to C. took in D. cared for
28.A. warm B. energetic C. relaxed D. peaceful
29.A. medicine B. food C. clothes D. toys
30.A. lovely B. poor C. lost D. injured
31.A. pleasure B. determination C. fear D. shame
32.A. thanked B. interviewed C. influenced D. found
33.A. escaped B. panicked C. fought D. hid
34.A. annoyed B. embarrassed C. worried D. disappointed
35.A. plan B. intention C. arrangement D. effort
四、语法填空：本大题共1小题，共15分。
36.Imagine biting into a juicy burger that was produced without killing animals.Meat grown in a lab is turning that （1） ______ （imagine） into a reality.Several companies are developing lab-grown beef，pork，poultry and seafood.And the field is attracting millions in funding.
If widely used，lab-grown meat，also （2） ______ （call） clean meat，could reduce much of the cruel treatment of animals （3） ______ are raised for food.It could also reduce the environmental costs of meat production （4） ______ （great）.
The meat （5） ______ （produce） by first taking a muscle sample（样本） from an animal.Scientists collect stem cells from the sample and multiply（使繁殖） them to form more muscles.It's said that one muscle sample from a cow can produce enough meat （6） ______ （make） 80，000 hamburgers.
Many companies say they expect to have products for sale within the next few years.But clean meat will have to overcome （7） ______ number of difficulties，such as reducing the cost and proving the safety （8） ______ the meat before it appears on the market.The good news is that despite all these （9） ______ （challenge），the clean meat companies are keeping trying.If they can succeed，clean meat could make our lifestyle （10） ______ （green） and more ethical than before.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
五、阅读表达：本大题共1小题，共20分。
37.War broke out in our house in late July with less than a month to go before my first day of college.It was a battle of wills，my mom's and my own，over which school I was to attend.She wanted me to attend the well-known nursing school to which I was originally accepted，but I wanted to go to a small，private writing college with a student body of fewer than 300 students.Every night for two weeks，we argued，yelled and gave silent treatments until both parties went to bed with regrets and frustrations.
It was mostly my fault.Since my junior year of high school，I had aimed at being a nurse.I took all the required courses，applied for nursing scholarships，and even worked as a volunteer in my town's local hospital.My goal，or so I told everyone，was to treat the sick and heal the hurt.
Yet，as graduation and college neared，I gradually found it was not what I was meant to do for the rest of my life.I could picture myself in providing wound care，making rounds and taking temperatures，but I couldn't picture myself happy.It wasn't the future I wanted.
Then，it dawned on me.I had been creating and writing stories for as long as I could remember.Even at four years old，I had my dad write as I told him the stories I had created.I had written for my high school's newspaper and attended a writing camp over the previous summer.I loved it，and writing was what I had always pictured myself doing as a hobby.Now，it had become much more than a hobby.It was going to be my career even if the future was uncertain.It had to be.
第一节根据文本内容从方框中选择恰当的词并用其正确形式填入文本图示中，每词限用一次，有两词为多余选项。（每小题1分，共10分）
write nurse attend like preparation argue
goal career realize happy approach angry
In high school，I （1） ______ all the required courses and made all（2） ______ I could for being a nurse. → I believed it was my（3） ______ to heal the sick.
↓ ↓
As graduation（4） ______ ，I found that I wouldn't be（5） ______ doing nursing care in the future. → I decided not to be a（6） ______ .
↓ ↓
Then，I started to（7） ______ that I'd been always loving writing and doing it well. → I was determined to make writing my（8） ______
↓ ↓
In late July，I told my mom I wanted to go to a（9） ______ college instead of the famous nursing school. → My mom disagreed with me and we（10） ______ a lot.
第二节根据文本内容回答下列问题，词数不限（共10分）。
(1) What did the writer and her mom argue about？ ______
(2) Why do you think the writer's mom disagreed with her new idea？ ______
(3) How do you think the writer would solve the problem？ ______
六、书面表达：本大题共1小题，共20分。
38.近期你校英文报运动专栏正在向全校征稿，请你以"The Most Popular Sport in the School"为题，写一篇短文投稿。
要点包括：
（1）描述受欢迎程度；
（2）分析原因。
注意：
（1）词数100左右；
（2）可适当增加细节以使行文连贯。
The Most Popular Sport in the School_________________________________________________________
答案和解析
1~3.【答案】A、C、B
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据Australian Open （January）部分的Hosted in January every year，this two- week tennis event lights up the city and brings the very best tennis superstars to Melbourne along with thousands of fans and a host of world-class singers.（这项为期两周的网球赛事于每年 1月举办，点亮了这座城市，将最优秀的网球巨星带到墨尔本，成千上万的球迷和一群世界级的歌手）可知，对网球迷将会对澳大利亚网球公开赛感兴趣。故选A。
（2）细节理解题。根据四项赛事举行的时间，在五月举行的赛事有World Surfing Championships （March to May）和Uluru Camel Cup （May）可知，在五月可以参加两个不同的体育赛事。故选C。
（3）细节理解题。根据Melbourne Cup （November）部分的This one-day event has become such a big part of Australian culture that it is now an official public holiday.（这个为期一天的活动已经成为澳大利亚文化的重要组成部分，现在它是一个官方的公共假日。）可知，墨尔本杯的特别之处在于它是官方公共假日。故选 B。
本文是应用文。体育在澳大利亚文化中扮演着重要的角色。文章介绍了一些适合来自世界各地的旅行者精彩的体育赛事。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
4~7.【答案】C、D、B、C
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据第二段Then I hit junior high and a whole new world opened up to me.It seemed everyone was there，friends from football teams and people from the summer workshop.（然后我上了初中，一个全新的世界向我敞开了。似乎每个人都在那里，足球队的朋友和暑期工作坊的人。）可知，作者对学校生活感到好奇。A.Shocked.震惊的；B.Upset.沮丧的；C.Curious.好奇的；D.Happy.高兴的。故选C。
（2）细节理解题。根据第三段It was then，when I thought I had nowhere else to go，that I tried to make my way back into the "kindergarten group".I organized a camp-out and invited them to come.（就在那时，当我认为我无处可去时，我试图回到"幼儿园小组"。我组织了一个露营，并邀请他们来。）可知，作者组织露营是为了与她的老朋友重新联系。故选D。
（3）词义猜测题。根据第三段I had thought they were going to be cold and exclude me as I had done to them.But they all turned up and we just picked up right where we left off.（我原以为他们会像我对他们那样冷漠地排斥我。但他们都来了，我们只是从停下来的地方重新开始。）的后半句可知，exclude意为"排除，排斥"。A.Cheat.欺骗；B.Refuse.拒绝；C.Warn.警告；D.Attack.攻击。故选B。
（4）标题归纳题。本文介绍了作者5岁到12岁的时候和同一群孩子一起长大，后来上学后，忽视了自己的这帮朋友，后来没有交到新朋友，她重新与她的老朋友联系。这件事让作者从他们那里，学到了两件事：想要什么样的朋友，以及想成为什么样的朋友。A.A Friend in Need需要帮助的朋友；B.My Kindergarten Group我的幼儿园小组；C.Lessons in Friendship友谊的教训；D.Friends in My New School我新学校的朋友。C符合语意。故选C。
我在5岁到12岁的时候和同一群孩子一起长大。我们住在同一个社区，上同一所学校，经历了那个时期的所有起起落落。然后我进入了初中，一个全新的世界向我展开。似乎每个人都在那里，来自橄榄球队的朋友和暑期工作坊的人。他们欢迎我，觉得我一定很酷才认识这么多人。我和每个新的朋友群体都是不同的人，开始疏远"幼儿园的朋友群"。然而，没过多久这些所谓的新朋友发现我并不够酷，就离开了我。这是我生活中最艰难的时期之一。我感到孤独，对自己感到非常失望。就在我以为我无处可去的时候，我试图重新融入"幼儿园的朋友群"。我组织了一个露营活动，邀请他们来参加。我以为他们会对我冷淡，就像我对他们那样。但他们都来了，我们就像从前一样继续了下去。没有任何仇恨，只有舒适和意外的归属感。他们给了我成长和学习自己的教训的空间，以我自己的方式，用我自己的时间。从他们那里，我学到了两件事：我想要什么样的朋友，以及我想成为什么样的朋友。我们将继续共同成长，同时提供只有这样的朋友才能提供的无条件的爱、理解和支持。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
8~11.【答案】B、A、A、D
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第一段My brother Jack's childhood was completely influenced by his extreme picky eating.From three to about 14，he only ate chicken，peanut butter，apples，cereal，and sweets.We tried everything in the book，but none succeeded.（我弟弟杰克的童年完全受他极端挑食的影响。从3岁到14岁，他只吃鸡肉、花生酱、苹果、麦片和糖果。书上说的我们都试过了，但没有一个成功。）可知，杰克14岁之前的饮食习惯是他只吃某些食物。故选B。
（2）推理判断题。根据第二段However，in the past three years，he has gone through an amazing change.Today，he will eat close to ten times the types of foods he was willing to try before.He is even willing to try new things；he constantly asks to order something different at a restaurant.I've often wondered what makes a person change so much.（然而，在过去的三年里，他经历了一个惊人的变化。今天，他吃的食物种类是他以前愿意尝试的近十倍。他甚至愿意尝试新事物；他在餐馆里总是要求点不同的菜。我经常想知道是什么让一个人改变这么多。）可推知，杰克饮食习惯的改变是令人惊讶的。故选A。
（3）细节理解题。根据第四段However，genetics aren't the only factor that explains why we enjoy or dislike particular foods.In fact，most of our preferences are actually learned，sometimes even before we are born.In one study，mothers regularly drank carrot juice late in the stages of their pregnancy （怀孕）.After birth，these babies tended to enjoy carrot-flavored milk more than other babies.（然而，基因并不是解释我们喜欢或不喜欢某种食物的唯一因素。事实上，我们的大多数偏好都是后天习得的，有时甚至在我们出生前就习得了。在一项研究中，妈妈们在怀孕后期经常喝胡萝卜汁。出生后，这些婴儿往往比其他婴儿更喜欢胡萝卜味的牛奶。）可知，对孕妇的研究告诉我们的食物偏好是可以学习的。故选 A。
（4）推理判断题。根据最后一段Additionally，I believe that sometimes，cultural influences affect your willingness to try food，Possibly，my brother finally got so sick of having to be the one who needed a special order at a restaurant that he forced himself to try and like those things he was afraid of.It simply takes time.People will learn to adapt and realize their true tastes.An open mind is a positive thing，and most will develop an ever-expanding plate as they age.（另外，我相信有时候，文化影响会影响你尝试食物的意愿。可能，我弟弟终于厌倦了在餐馆里做那个需要特别点餐的人，他强迫自己尝试并喜欢上了那些他害怕的东西。这只是需要时间。人们将学会适应并认识到自己真正的品味。开放的心态是一件积极的事情，随着年龄的增长，大多数人的盘子都会不断扩大。）可推知，作者对饮食习惯，认为应该保持开放，尝试新事物。故选D。
这是一篇说明文。主要讲述了作者以弟弟杰克童年的饮食习惯为例，阐明对于饮食习惯，认为应该保持开放，尝试新事物。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
12~15.【答案】C、C、D、A
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第一段中的It is the largest water protection project independently designed，constructed and operated by China in the 20 century.（它是20世纪中国自主设计、建造和运营的规模最大的水利工程。）可知，葛洲坝是在没有任何外国帮助的情况下完成的。故选C。
（2）数字计算题。根据第二段From the start of construction in 1970 to the functioning of the first generator unit in 1981，to the completion of the whole project in December 1988，more than 100，000 hydropower specialists from all over the country，who set up base in the wilderness，carrying poles and pushing carts to overcome a series of significant technical problems，finally completed all the construction tasks with their blood and sweat.（从1970年开工建设，到1981年第一台发电机组投入使用，再到1988年12月全线建成，来自全国各地的10万多名水电专家，在荒无人烟的野外扎营，扛杆子、推小车，克服了一系列重大技术难题，最终用血汗完成了各项建设任务。）可知，葛洲坝从1970年开工建设，到1981年第一台发电机组投入使用，再到1988年12月全线建成，共花费18年时间。故选C。
（3）推理判断题。根据最后一段The successful construction and management of the Gezhouba Dam has provided valuable experience and played a role in training talent for the design，construction and operation of the Three Gorges Project and other super dams."（葛洲坝大坝的成功建设和管理为三峡工程和其他超级大坝的设计、建设和运营培养了宝贵的经验和人才。）可知，最后一段介绍了葛洲坝工程所产生的意义。故选D。
（4）目的意图题。根据第一段The Gezhouba Dam is the world's largest run-of-river hydropower （水力发电） station and the first large water control project in the Yangtze River.（葛洲坝大坝是世界上最大的顺流水电站，也是长江流域第一个大型水利工程。）可知，本文介绍葛洲坝这个著名的水力发电站。故选A。
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了葛洲坝的历史、发展和重要作用。
考查说明文。做题时要先通读全文，把握大意，然后结合题干及选项做出正确的选择。
16~20.【答案】D、E、C、G、A
【解析】（1）联系上文题。根据上文We can study language change using language corpora（语料库） like the Cambridge English Corpus，which contains a large collection of texts gathered over many years.（我们可以使用语言语料库来研究语言的变化，比如剑桥英语语料库，它包含了多年来收集的大量文本。）可知，说明我们可以使用语料库来研究语言的变化，下文各段首句说明了语言的变化，选项D"以下是对这些数据的研究得出的三个结论。"符合语境，故选D。
（2）语境衔接题。根据上文A large change in language that we recorded in our research is the change in terms of frequency（频率） of the adverb "literally"，which in the 2010s was almost ten times more frequent than in the 1990s，（我们在研究中记录到的一个很大的语言变化是副词"literally"的频率变化，在2010年代，这个频率几乎是90年代的10倍。）举例说明副词频率变化很大，和下文There has also been a notable change in meaning with the 2010s seeing much more metaphorical（比喻的） use of literally than before e.g."oh I literally haven't moved all day".（意思也发生了显著变化，201 0年代以来，"literally" 的隐喻用法比以前多了很多，例如"哦，我真的一整天都没动"。）可知，说明了意思也发生了显著的变化，因此推断前后文说明了两件不同的事情，选项E"然而，频率并不是唯一的兴趣点。"符合语境，故选E。
（3）联系上文题。根据上文There has also been a notable change in meaning with the 2010s seeing much more metaphorical（比喻的） use of literally than before e.g."oh I literally haven't moved all day".This is important，as if someone had not moved in the slightest for a whole day，then we might grow a little worried for them.This of course was not what the speaker meant.（意思也发生了显著变化，2010年代以来， "literally"的隐喻用法比以前多了很多，例如"哦，我真的一整天都没动"。这一点很重要，就好像有人一整天都没有动过，然后我们可能会有点担心他们。这当然不是说话人的意思。）可知，说明使用这个副词，说话人并非是真的说一整天没有动过，选项C"相反，演讲者更有可能强调一个事实。"符合语境，故选C。
（4）语境衔接题。根据上文In 2007，if you were to say "I'll WhatsApp you"，no one would have understood.（ 2007年，如果你说"我会用WhatsApp联系你"，没人会理解。）说明2007年人们还不理解这句话，和下文In fact，in the Now Corpus there are no examples of the word WhatsApp in 2010，while in 2018 there were over 50，000 examples.（事实上，在Now语料库中，2010年没有 WhatsApp这个词的例子，而在2018年有超过5万个例子。）可知，说明人们越来越经常使用这个词，选项G"但现在这个词的频率急剧增加。"符合语境，故选G。
（5）联系上文题。根据下文The word "wicked"，for example，was originally used as a negative word.But a study shows that in spoken British English，wicked is used more positively like "well wicked" in the2010s.An important thing to know is that if someone calls something wicked，it is not necessarily bad.（例如，"wicked"这个词最初是一个贬义词。但一项研究表明，在21世纪10年代的英式口语中，wicked的用法更积极，比如"well wicked"。要知道的重要一点是，如果有人说某事wicked。这并不一定是坏事。）可知，说明本段讲述词汇的积极性和消极词性有所变化，选项A"积极词汇和消极词汇的变化。"符合语境，故选A。
这是一篇说明文。本文讲述了语言随着时代在三个不同方面的改变。
七选五阅读是完成性阅读，和完形填空很类似，不同的是一个选词，一个选句子。解题时，要注意上下文语境，充分考虑信息词（选项中和空格前后句子中相同或相近的词），选出最符合语境的句子。
21~35.【答案】D、B、B、C、A、C、D、A、B、C、B、D、A、C、D
【解析】（1）考查名词及语境理解。A.waiting等待；B.consideration考虑；C.discussion讨论；D.search搜索。句意：但是经过一些搜寻工作后，他在一条沟里找到了这条狗，差点被冻死。根据上文"he didn't see anything right away"（他当时啥也没看到）可知，他一开始没有发现狗在哪里，需要搜索一番才能找到，故选D。
（2）考查形容词及语境理解。A.thirsty渴的；B.frozen冻坏的；C.bored无聊的；D.frightened害怕的。句意：但是经过一些搜寻工作后，他在一条沟里找到了这条狗，差点被冻死。根据第一句"It was freezing cold last Saturday morning"（周六早上寒风刺骨）可知，早上是非常冷的，所以这只小狗过了一晚也是很冷的，frozen to death，意为"冻死"。故选B。
（3）考查动词及语境理解。A.sensed感觉到；B.noticed注意到；C.heard听到；D.remembered想起来。句意：安德森发现在水沟的边缘有爪子抓挠的痕迹，可能是这条狗挣扎着爬出来时留下的。根据下文"there seemed to be claw （爪） marks on the ditch"可知，安德森看到小狗后顺便注意到水沟边缘都是爪痕，其它三个选项无法正确理解，故选B。
（4）考查名动及语境理解。A.learning学习；B.pretending假装；C.struggling挣扎；D.preparing准备。句意：安德森发现在水沟的边缘有爪子抓挠的痕迹，可能是这条狗挣扎着爬出来时留下的。根据上一题"claw （爪） marks on the ditch"可知，它挣扎过很多次了，故选C。
（5）考查动词及语境理解。A.managed设法做成；B.preferred倾向于；C.intended意图做；D.agreed同意。句意：安德森设法把这条狗从水沟里拉了出来，并且把它转移到了附近的一个救助中心，在那里值班的调度员会照顾她。根据下文"transport her to a nearby rescue center"可知，安德森设法成功地把小狗从沟里拉了出来并送到了附近的救助站，故选A。
（6）考查动词及语境理解。A.invited邀请；B.led引导；C.transported运输，搬运；D.pulled拉。句意：安德森设法把这条狗从水沟里拉了出来，并且把它转移到了附近的一个救助中心，在那里值班的调度员会照顾她。根据下文"transport her to a nearby rescue center"可知，安德森把小狗拉出来后送去了附近的救助中心，transport意思是"运输，搬运"，也就是把小狗转移走了，符合题意，故选C。
（7）考查动词短语及语境理解。A.looked into调查；B.turned to转向；C.took in吸收，收留；D.cared for照顾。句意：安德森设法把这条狗从水沟里拉了出来，并且把它转移到了附近的一个救助中心，在那里值班的调度员会照顾她。根据下文"The dispatcher gave the dog blankets and a portable heater to make her warm"（调度员给了小狗一条毯子和一个便携发热器以保持温暖）可知，调度员会照顾它的，故选D。
（8）考查形容词及语境理解。A.warm温暖的；B.energetic有活力的；C.relaxed放松的；D.peaceful和平的。句意：调度员给了小狗一条毯子和一个便携发热器以保持温暖。根据上文"portable heater"可知，小狗冻了一晚上，当务之急是先暖和起来，故选A。
（9）考查名词及语境理解。A.medicine药品；B.food食物；C.clothes衣服；D.toys玩具。句意：然后调度员给了小狗一些食物，等到小狗暖和过来之后，就把盘子里的食物全部吃光了。根据下文"she ate the plate clean"（它把盘子吃光了）可知，调度员给了它一些食物，故选B。
（10）考查形容词及语境理解。A.lovely可爱的；B.poor可怜的；C.lost丢失的；D.injured受伤的。句意：安德森想要找到主人，于是他回到了找到小狗的地方，手里拿着走失小狗的海报。根据上文"Mark Anderson heard reports of a dog lying in the road in Arrowsic."（马克安德森从新闻上听到Arrowsic的路边躺着一只小狗）可知，新闻报道有只小狗在路边躺着，说明它已经走失了，故选C。
（11）考查名词及语境理解。A.pleasure乐趣；B.determination决心；C.fear恐惧；D.shame耻辱。句意：他怀着巨大的决心，在这一片区域逐一敲门，最终找到了小狗的主人，是一位叫做Marie Smith老太太。根据下文"he knocked on doors in the area until he eventually found the dog's owner"（他逐一敲门直到最终找到了狗主人）可知，他能挨个敲门，是怀着巨大决心的，故选B。
（12）考查动词及语境理解。A.thanked感谢；B.interviewed采访；C.influenced影响；D.found找到。句意：他怀着巨大的决心，在这一片区域逐一敲门，最终找到了小狗的主人，是一位叫做Marie Smith老太太。根据下文"an old lady called Marie Smith"可知，狗主人是一位老太太，说明他最终找到了狗主人，故选D。
（13）考查动词及语境理解。A.escaped逃跑；B.panicked惊慌；C.fought打架；D.hid躲藏。句意：根据Marie所说，这只小狗在前天晚上逃出去了。根据上文"Mark Anderson heard reports of a dog lying in the road in Arrowsic."（马克安德森从新闻上听到Arrowsic的路边躺着一只小狗）可知，小狗已经走丢了，肯定是晚上从家里跑出去了，也就是"逃跑了"，故选A。
（14）考查形容词及语境理解。A.annoyed烦恼的；B.embarrassed尴尬的；C.worried担忧的；D.disappointed失望的。句意：她非常担心，整夜未眠，等着小狗回家。根据下文"stayed awake all night"可知，狗主人是很担心的，故选C。
（15）考查名词及语境理解。A.plan计划；B.intention意图；C.arrangement安排；D.effort努力。句意：但是多亏了安德森的努力，她终于可以和自己心爱的小狗团聚。根据上文"With great determination"可知，安德森为了找到狗主人怀着巨大决心，同时为了救助小狗是付出了巨大努力的，故选D。
本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了一名叫Mark Anderson的好心人在一个冰冷的早上救下了一条差点被冻死的小狗，并通过努力找到主人的暖心故事。
完形填空题的解题步骤：
1.通读全文，理解大意。重视首句信息，跳过空格，浏览全文，从整体上感知全文，理解文章大意，这是解题的基础。
2.瞻前顾后，避难就易。在理解文章大意的情况下，结合各选项的意义和用法，遵循先易后难的原则，先解决那些自己有把握的问题。对少数难题，暂时跳过，或许在上文中难以判断的题在下文中就有暗示或者明显的提示，或许一个在前面不能解答的题在填出了另一空后会令你豁然开朗。
3.复读全文，解决残敌。借助已经补全的空格，对全文有了更清楚的理解，可以集中解决所遗留的少数疑难问题。
4.再次复读，弥补疏漏，全部做好后，务必要结合自己选择的答案重新阅读短文内容，确保全文文意连贯。
36.【答案】【小题1】imagination
【小题2】called
【小题3】which/that
【小题4】greatly
【小题5】is produced
【小题6】to make
【小题7】a
【小题8】of
【小题9】challenges
【小题10】greener
【解析】（1）考查不可数名词。句意：实验室里培育的肉类正在将这种想象变成现实。根据that可知横线处用名词，imagination是不可数名词。故填imagination。
（2）考查过去分词。句意：如果广泛使用，实验室培育的肉，也称为人造肉，可以减少对饲养动物的残酷对待。分析句子可知，本句已有谓语动词could reduce，所以横线处的动词作非谓语，逻辑主语lab-grown meat与call之间是逻辑上的被动关系，所以用过去分词作定语。故填called。
（3）考查定语从句。句意：如果广泛使用，实验室培育的肉，也称为人造肉，可以减少对饲养动物的残酷对待。分析句子可知横线处引导定语从句，修饰指物的先行词animals，在定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which/that引导该从句。故填which/that。
（4）考查副词。句意：它还可以大大降低肉类生产的环境成本。分析句子可知横线处用副词作状语修饰谓语动词could reduce。故填greatly。
（5）考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：这种肉是通过首先从动物身上采集肌肉样本来生产的。分析句子可知横线处作句子谓语。根据上下文可知本句用一般现在时，句子主语The meat与produce之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态，主语为不可数名词，所以助动词用is。故填 is produced。
（6）考查动词不定式。句意：据说，一头牛的一个肌肉样本可以生产出足够制作80000个汉堡的肉。分析句子可知横线处用动词不定式作meat的后置定语。故填to make。
（7）考查不定冠词。句意：但人造肉类必须克服许多困难，例如降低成本，并在其上市前证明其安全性。a number of"大量，许多"是固定短语，故填a。
（8）考查介词。句意：但人造肉类必须克服许多困难，例如降低成本，并在其上市前证明其安全性。分析句子可知横线处用介词of构成前后两个名词的所属关系。故填of。
（9）考查可数名词复数。句意：好消息是，尽管面临这些挑战，人造肉类公司仍在继续努力。根据these可知横线处用可数名词复数。故填challenges。
（10）考查形容词比较级。句意：如果他们能成功，清洁肉类可以使我们的生活方式比以前更环保、更合乎道德。分析句子可知横线处与more ethical是并列宾语补足语，所以横线处用形容词比较极。故填greener。
本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍现在一些公司正在开发实验室培育的牛肉、猪肉、家禽和海鲜等人造肉。
语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词汇和语法等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境填写正确答案。
37.【答案】【小题1】attended
【小题2】preparations
【小题3】goal
【解析】（1）考查动词。句意：在高中，我参加了所有的必修课，并为成为一名护士做了所有的准备。根据第二段中Since my junior year of high school，I had aimed at being a nurse.I took all the required courses，applied for nursing scholarships，and even worked as a volunteer in my town's local hospital. （从高中第一年起，我就立志成为一名护士。我修完了所有的必修课，申请了护理奖学金，甚至还在镇上的当地医院做了志愿者。）可知，这里讲的是作者参加了所有的必修课。由此可知，空格处应为动词attend的过去时attended"出席"，满足句意要求。故填attended。
（2）考查名词。句意：在高中，我参加了所有的必修课，并为成为一名护士做了所有的准备。根据第二段中Since my junior year of high school，I had aimed at being a nurse.I took all the required courses，applied for nursing scholarships，and even worked as a volunteer in my town's local hospital. （从高中第一年起，我就立志成为一名护士。我修完了所有的必修课，申请了护理奖学金，甚至还在镇上的当地医院做了志愿者。）可知，这里讲的是作者为成为一名护士做了所有的准备。由此可知，空格处应为名词preparation的复数形式preparations"准备"，满足句意要求。故填preparations。
（3）考查名词。句意：我相信我的目标是治愈病人。根据第二段中My goal，or so I told everyone，was to treat the sick and heal the hurt. （我的目标，或者说我告诉所有人的，是治疗病患，治愈伤痛。）可知，这里讲的是作者的目标是治愈病人。由此可知，空格处应为名词goal"目标"，满足句意要求。故填goal。
（4）考查动词。句意：随着毕业的临近，我发现我将来不会喜欢做护理工作。根据第三段中Yet，as graduation and college neared，I gradually found it was not what I was meant to do for the rest of my life. （然而，随着毕业和大学的临近，我逐渐发现这并不是我打算在余生中做的事情。）可知，这里讲的是作者随着毕业的临近，发现将来不会喜欢做护理工作。由此可知，空格处应为动词approach的过去时approached"接近，临近"，满足句意要求。故填approached。
（5）考查形容词。句意：随着毕业的临近，我发现我将来不会喜欢做护理工作。根据第三段中I could picture myself in providing wound care，making rounds and taking temperatures，but I couldn't picture myself happy. （我可以想象自己照顾伤口、巡视、量体温的情景，但我无法想象自己是快乐的。）可知，这里讲的是作者发现将来做护理工作不会开心。由此可知，空格处应为形容词happy"快乐的"，满足句意要求。故填happy。
（6）考查名词。句意：我决定不做护士了。根据第三段中It wasn't the future I wanted. （不是我想要的未来。）可知，这里讲的是作者决定不做护士了。由此可知，空格处应为名词nurse"护士"，满足句意要求。故填nurse。
（7）考查动词。句意：然后，我开始意识到我一直都很喜欢写作，而且写得很好。根据第四段中Then，it dawned on me.I had been creating and writing stories for as long as I could remember.Even at four years old，I had my dad write as I told him the stories I had created. （然后，我明白了。从记事起，我就一直在创作和写故事。甚至在我四岁的时候，我就让父亲写我创作的故事给他听。）可知，这里讲的是作者意识到自己一直都很喜欢写作，而且写得很好。由此可知，空格处应为动词realize"意识到"，满足句意要求。故填realize。
（8）考查名词。句意：我决心把写作作为我的事业。根据第四段中Now，it had become much more than a hobby.It was going to be my career even if the future was uncertain. （现在，它已经不仅仅是一种爱好了。这将是我的事业，即使未来是不确定的。）可知，这里讲的是作者决心把写作作为自己的事业。由此可知，空格处应为名词career"事业"，满足句意要求。故填career。
（9）考查名词。句意：7月下旬，我告诉妈妈我想去一所写作学院，而不是著名的护理学校。根据第一段中She wanted me to attend the well-known nursing school to which I was originally accepted，but I wanted to go to a small，private writing college with a student body of fewer than 300 students. （她想让我去一所著名的护理学校，我最初是被那所学校录取的，但我想去一所学生人数不到300人的小型私立写作学院。）可知，这里讲的是作者告诉妈妈想去一所写作学院，而不是著名的护理学校。由此可知，空格处应为write的名词形式writing"写作"，满足句意要求。故填writing。
（10）考查动词。句意：我妈妈不同意我的意见，我们经常争吵。根据第一段中Every night for two weeks，we argued，yelled and gave silent treatments until both parties went to bed with regrets and frustrations. （连续两周的每个晚上，我们都争吵、大吼大叫，互相沉默，直到双方都带着遗憾和沮丧上床睡觉。）可知，这里讲的是作者妈妈不同意作者的意见，经常争吵。由此可知，空格处应为argue的过去时argued"争吵"，满足句意要求。故填argued。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中War broke out in our house in late July with less than a month to go before my first day of college.It was a battle of wills，my mom's and my own，over which school I was to attend.She wanted me to attend the well-known nursing school to which I was originally accepted，but I wanted to go to a small，private writing college with a student body of fewer than 300 students. （7月下旬，离我上大学还有不到一个月的时候，我们家爆发了战争。我到底该上哪所学校，这是一场意志的较量，是我妈妈和我自己的意志。她想让我去一所著名的护理学校，我最初是被那所学校录取的，但我想去一所学生人数不到300人的小型私立写作学院。）可知，作者和她妈妈争论作者应该上哪所大学。故答案为They argued about which college the writer should attend.
（2）开放性试题。言之有理即可。根据文章大意可知，作者的妈妈不同意她的新想法，可能是因为也许她不想让作者的所有努力付诸东流，担心作者没有想清楚。故答案为Maybe she didn't want all the efforts the writer had made to be wasted and worried that the writer didn't think it through. /Maybe she thought the writing college was unreliable and the future of being a writer was uncertain.
（3）开放性试题。言之有理即可。根据文章大意以及结合作者遇到的问题可知，我认为作者解决这个问题的方法是她可以和妈妈坦诚地交谈，或者写信给妈妈，解释她改变主意的原因，展示她对写作的热情和能力。故答案为She could have an honest talk with or write a letter to her mom，explaining the reasons why she changed her mind，showing her enthusiasm about writing and her ability in it.
这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者和妈妈在选择专业时意见不一致，在作者的努力下终于和解。
做题时首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意。其次，细读题材，各个击破。掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息。
38.【答案】The Most Popular Sport in the SchoolBasketball is the most popular sport in our school.You can always see students on the basketball court after school.It's a hit among students for a couple of straightforward reasons.（话题）
Firstly，basketball is just exciting.Shooting，and scoring all happen in a flash，keeping everyone hooked.Plus，being a team sport，it builds strong bonds and teamwork among players，adding to its appeal.（描述受欢迎程度）
What makes it even better is that our school makes it easy to play.【高分句型一】With well-kept courts and fun tournaments，basketball is super accessible.The school has made sure that students can easily jump in and enjoy the game.（描述受欢迎程度）
In a nutshell，basketball's popularity comes down to its fast-paced fun，team spirit，and how easy it is to get into.It's not just a sport.It's the glue that bring us all together.【高分句型二】（总结）
【解析】高分句型一：What makes it even better is that our school makes it easy to play.
译文：更棒的是，我们学校让它更容易玩。
分析：这句话使用了what引导的主语从句，that引导的表语从句。
高分句型二：It's the glue that bring us all together.
译文：这是把我们团结在一起的胶水。
分析：这句话使用了that引导的限制性定语从句。
这是一篇提纲类作文。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括，缺一不可。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，不能出现文章脱节问题。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。同时注意要求的字数，不要太多也不要太少。
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