Unit 4 Amazing Science 语法综合精讲精练 仁爱科普版英语九年级上册

Unit 4
第I部分 一般过去式&一般将来时的被动语态
一般过去时的被动语态的基本结构为: was/were+及物动词的过去分词;
一般将来时的被动语态的基本结构为: will+be+及物动词的过去分词。
01一般过去时的被动语态的基本句式
1.一般过去时被动语态的基本句式与一般现在时被动语态的基本句式大致相同，只不过助动词be的形式不一样:
一般现在时用am/is/are, 一般过去时用 was/were。如:
The MP3 player was made in Japan last year.
这个MP3播放器是去年在日本生产的。
She was not given a painting by him. 她没有得到他的画。
-Were these computers made in China 这些电脑是中国生产的吗
-Yes, they were./No, they weren't. 是的。/不是。
what were the bikes made of 自行车是用什么材料制成的
02一般将来时的被动语态的基本句式
(1)肯定式: 主语+will +be+过去分词+(by ...)。如:
She will be met in the station by her father她父亲将去车站接她。
(2)否定式: 主语+will+not+be+过去分词+(by ...)。如:
The desk will not be repaired by him.他将不会修理这张桌子。
(3)疑问式:will+主语+be+过去分词+(by ... ) 如:
Will a football match be held next Saturday afternoon 下周六下午将举行一场足球赛吗
温馨提示
被动语态也遵循“主句是一般将来时,时间、条件状语从句用一般现在时"的规律。如:
You'll be invited to the party if you are free.
如果你有空，就邀请你参加晚会。
03几种特殊句式变被动语态的方法
(1)含有直接宾语和间接宾语的主动结构，变为被动结构时，可以将其中一个宾语变成主语，另一个不动。一般是主动结构中指人的间接宾语变成被动结构的主语，这样句子显得自然一些。但也可以把指物的直接宾语变为主语，这时在间接宾语前须加介词 to或 for。如:
We gave them some books.
间接宾语 直接宾语
They were given some books. 或 Some books were given to them.
(2) 带复合宾语的动词变被动语态，只把宾语变为主语，宾语补足语留在原处变为主语补足语，但如果宾语补足语是不带to的动词不定式，句子变为被动语态后则要加to,以便将两个动词隔开。如:
He saw a thief steal something from the room.
宾语 宾语补足语
A thief was seen to steal something from the room.
主语 主语补足语
Her stepmother made her do all the housework.
宾语 宾语补足语
She(主语) was made to do all the housework(主语补足语) by her stepmother.
(3) 当及物的动词短语变为被动语态时，要注意保持动词短语的整体性, 不可丢掉其后的介词或副词。常见的动词短语有:look for, look after, take care of 等。如:
We should look after the old. 我们应该照顾好老人。
The old should be looked after (by us).老人应该由我们照顾好。
巧学妙记
巧记变被动语态的方法(二)
原句若是双宾语,一变“主”来一保“宾”。 “间宾”要把主语变，原来“直宾”还是“宾”。
“直宾"要把主语变，“间宾”前加to或for。 若碰动词带“复宾”，宾语提前作主语。
原句“宾补”变“主补”，位置不必挪寸分。 “短语动词”变“被动”，相当“及物”莫疑心。
不过其后“介”或“副”,变后还得要承认。
04常见主动形式表示被动意义
1) 一些动词形式上是主动语态,但有被动的意思。如:
book, feel, sound, smell, read, write, wash, draw, sell , 常与副词well, easily，smoothly 等连用。如:
The flowers smell sweet.这些花闻起来好香。
The latest model cars sell well. 这种最新型的汽车卖得很好。
This kind of ball-pen writes smoothly.这种圆珠笔书写流畅。
Your coat doesn't wash easily. 你的外套很不好洗。
(2) 动词need, require, want, be worth 后接v.ing主动结构表被动含义。如:
My car needs / wants/ requires repairing.
= My car needs/ wants/ requires to be repaired. 我的车需要修理。
These places of interest are well worth visiting.这些名胜很值得参观。
05被动语态与系表结构的区别
被动语态表示以主语为承受者的动作，而系表结构则表示主语的特点或所处的状态。如:
The letter was written yesterday. 信是昨天写的。(动作)
The letter is written in English.信是用英文写的。(状态)
The store is closed at five.这个商店五点钟关门。(动作)
The store is closed today.这个商店今天不开门。(状态)
温馨提示
为了明确地表示该被动语态是表示动作的，可用get来代替be动词。如:
My bike got( 代替was)stolen.我的自行车被偷了。
经典例题
1.-Who's the little girl in the photo, Laura -It's me. This photo _____ when I was five.
A. is taken B. takes C. was taken D. took
[解析] C 考查被动语态。根据was可知用般过去时，且主语photo与take是被动关系，故用被动语态。故选C。
2. This kind of pen _____, and is also very cheap. I think you can buy some.
A. writes well B. writes good C. is written well D. is written good
[解析] A 考查动词语态和副词辨析。write为动词，需用副词修饰。write这个动作是由pen发出的,不可用被动语态,故选A。
3. The 2022 Winter Olympic Games _____ in China. I'm sure it will be a great success.
A. hold B. will hold C. were held D. will be held
[解析] D 考查被动语态。可知主语是动作的承受者，且时间是将来，所以用一般将来时的被动语态 will be+过去分词。故选D。
4. Dr Bethune _____ still _____ in both China and Canada today.
A. is; remembered B. is; remembering C. will; remember D. has;remembered
[解析]A 考查般现在时的被动语态。根据题干Dr Betuine和in both China and Canada today可知两者之间表示被动，句子是般现在时的被动语态，故选A。
专项训练
( )1. Two bridge _____ over the river five years ago in our city.
A. build B. built C. were built D. are built
( )2. Mr. Green _____ to sing an English song at the party and he sang well.
A. was invited B. invited C. is invited D. invites
( )3. -Your classroom is so clean. -Of course. It _____ every day.
A. is cleaned B. was cleaned C. cleans D. cleaned
( )4.-_____ an English contest(竞赛) _____ in No.1 High School next Friday evening
-Yes, it will.
A. Will, hold B. Will, be held C. Does, hold D. Is, held
( )5. This picture _____ by my cousin last year.
A. draw B. drew C. is drawn D. was drawn
( )6. He _____ in the classroom just now. He must be there now.
A. heard to sing B. was heard sing C. heard sing D. was heard to sing
( )7. A talk on developments in science and technology _____ in the school hall next week.
will give B. gives C. was given D. will be given
( )8. It's said that an airport _____ in Meishan in the future.
A. build B. is build C. has build D. will be build
( )9. -Do you like the flower -Yes, it _____ sweet.
A. is smelling B. smelt C. is smelt D. smells
( )10. The boy was seen _____ the piano yesterday evening.
A.to play B. play C. playing D. played
( )11. About thirty-eight people _____ in Manila Casino Hotel attack on June 2nd.
A. kill B. kills C. killed D. were killed
( )12. As China grows stronger and stronger, Chinese _____ in more and more schools out of our country.
A. teaches B. is taught C. has taught D. was taught
( )13. Teenagers have to be 18 years old before they _____ to drive a car.
A. are allowed B. allowed C. will be allowed D. allow
( )14. They have collected more than 14, 000 books since the library _____ month.
A. built B. was built C. builds D. is built
( ) 15. The work out of doors __as soon as it rains. So we must finish it as soon as possible.
A. will be stopped B. will stop C. is stopped D. stops
第II部分 定语从句（一）
1.定语可以由形容词、代词、数词、名词、分词、副词、不定式、介词短语等来担任。
如果是由一个句子担任定语, 那么这个句子就叫定语从句。
定语从句可以修饰名词或代词，还能修饰整个主句或主句的一部分。
被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词, 定语从句通常放在先行词的后面;
引导定语从句的词叫关系词，即关系代词(that, which, who, whom, whose )和关系副词( where, when, why),在句中起者连接作用,同时又在从句中担任句子成分。
本节简单介绍关系代词(that, which, who)所引导的定语从句。
2.定语从句的构成: 先行词+引导词(关系词)+定语从句
(1) Thank you for the book that /which you gave me.谢谢你给我的书。
先行词 关系代词 定语从句
说明: 关系代词that/which跟在先行词book的后面引导定语从句。关系代词that/ which在从句中既代替先行词book在句中担任宾语，又起着连词的作用，在从句中因为关系代词that/ which已代替了主句中的book，所以在从句中就不再重复用book。
(2) The girl who/ that came first is Jane. 第一个来的女孩是简。
先行词 先行词 定语从句
说明: 关系代词who/ that跟在先行词girl的后面引导定语从句。在从句中既代替先行词girl在句中担任主语，又起着连词的作用,不能省略。
经典例题
1.-Class, you should be thankful to those people ____ helped and supported you.
-We will. Miss Chen.
A. which B. whom C. who D. whose
[解析] C 考查定语从句。先行词people指人，并作定语从句的主语，故选C。
2.-Do you know the student _____ got an A in the English exam
-Of course. She is my deskmate, Li Hong.
A. who B. whom C. whose
[解析] A 考查定语从句。 先行词the student 指人，在从句中作主语，故选A。
专项训练
( )1. Please pass me the cartoon book ____ has a Mickey Mouse on the cover.
A. whom B. which C. whose D. who
( )2. It's interesting that there are a lot of people _____ speak French in Canada.
A. where B. which C. who D. when
( )3. The girl _____ won the gold medal comes from Xiamen No.1 High School.
A. who B. which C. whom D. what
( )4. That's the boy _____ won the first prize in the competition yesterday.
A. who B. which C. whom D. what
( )5. Anyone who is a server or ____ has been one knows that customers always come first.
A. whom B. what C. who D. which
第III部分 宾语补足语
在英语中，有些句子如果只有宾语，它并不能把句子表达完整，还必须在宾语后面加上宾语补足语才能表达完整。我们把“宾语+宾语补足语”合起来称为复合宾语。复合宾语所表达的意思相当于一个句子的意思。
如:They are making our country more beautiful. 他们正在使我们的国家变得更加美丽。
(形容词作宾语补足语)
They called the girl Sara. 他们叫这个女孩萨拉。(名词作宾语补足语)
We found David out when we arrived. 我们到时发现大卫出去了。
(副词作宾语补足语)
The boss kept them working all day. 老板让他们整天工作。(现在分词作宾语补足语)
The question made him puzzled. 这问题使他迷惑。(过去分词作宾语补足语)
His father told him not to shut down the computer after he finished his work. 他父亲让他干完活后不要关闭电脑。(动词不定式作宾语补足语)
I saw them perform on the stage. 我看见他们在舞台上表演。 (省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语)
本节主要讲解初中阶段常见的几种情况:
1. 动词不定式用作宾语补足语，是在一些特定的动词之后，这类动词有: want, ask ,force，allow , expect，invite, tell, advise , help，teach等。如: My teacher asked me to see
a doctor tomorrow.我的老师要我明天去看医生。
2. 有些表示感觉的动词( feel, hear, notice, see, watch 等)和使役动词( have, let, make等)后面作宾语补足语的动词不定式是不带to的(即动词原形)。如: We often hear the little
girl sing songs in her room.我们经常听见小女孩在她房间唱歌。
此类句子若要否定宾语部分,则通常是在动词不定式前加not。如:
Mr. Lee told him not to be late for class next time.
李老师告诉他下次上课别再迟到了。
3. 动词help后面的宾语补足语，可以带to,也可以不带to,意思相同。如:
Jane often helps her classmates ( to) learn English.简经常帮她的同学学英语。
4. 动词 make,keep 的宾语补足语。
(1) make除了跟不带to的动词不定式外，还可以跟名词、形容词或形容词比较级，过去分词作宾语补足语。如:
Wang Junfeng couldn't make himself understood in the USA. 在美国大家都不明白王俊峰的话。
We all made him our monitor. 我们都选他当我们的班长。
(2) keep后面跟现在分词作宾语补足语。如:
Don't keep your father waiting for you. 不要让你的父亲一直等你。
5. 当感官动词和使役动词用于被动语态时，原不带to的动词不定式须加上to。如:
He was seen to enter the school library.有 人看他进了学校图书馆。
经典例题
1. Their parents don't allow them ____ in the river because it's really dangerous.
A. swim B. swimming C. to swim D. swam
[解析]C allow sb. to do sth.意为“允许某人做某事”，为固定用法。故选A。
2. For more than once, our head teacher asks us _____ the habit of keeping a diary.
A. develop B. develops C. developing D. to develop
[解析]D ask sb. to do sth."要求某人做某事”,为固定用法。故选D。
专项训练
( )1. Danny did all kinds of things to make the baby _____.
A. to stop crying B. stop crying C. to stop to cry D. stop to cry
( )2. Our English teacher wants Lucy _____ English stories out of class.
A. read B. reading C. to read D. reads
( )3. Hi, will you please teach me _____ to play the piano
A. what B. how C. why D. when
( )4. Please let us _____ if it's best to travel by plane, train or bus.
A. know B. to know C. known D. knowing
( )5. The rain makes the people ____. They think the trees planted yesterday can grow well.
A. happy B. crying C. sad D. to cry