2024届高考高三英语复习——主谓一致
1. 三年真题主谓一致考点细目表
时间 卷次 语法填空/短文改错/单项选择
2023 年 新高考 I 卷 语法填空: /
新高考 II 卷 语法填空:/
全国甲卷 语法填空:/ 短文改错： become 改为 becomes
全国乙卷 语法填空: was amazed 短文改错： /
北京卷 语法填空: has established
浙江卷 (1 月)语法填空: were permitted (6 月)语法填空: /
天津卷 单项选择：
2022 年 新高考 I 卷 语法填空: were； is designed
新高考 II 卷 语法填空: was fixing
全国甲卷 语法填空: has walked 短文改错： 2. was→were 4. become→became
全国乙卷 语法填空: / 短文改错： lives 改为 live
北京卷 语法填空: has increased； has
浙江卷 (1 月)语法填空: are ； is viewed 或 has been viewed (6 月)语法填空: /
天津卷 单项选择：were distributed
2021 年 新高考 I 卷 语法填空: /
新高考 II 卷 语法填空:/
全国甲卷 语法填空: was built 短文改错： /
全国乙卷 语法填空:/ 短文改错： /
北京卷 语法填空: connects; Has been
浙江卷 (1 月)语法填空: is considered (6 月)语法填空: was painted
天津卷 （第一次） 单项选择: are being displayed （第二次）单项选择: were distributed； prepares
2. 命题规律及备考策略
【命题规律】
近 3 年对于主谓一致主要考查：
1. 一般现在时中的主谓一致；
2. 现在完成时中的主谓一致；
3. 被动语态中的主谓一致。
【备考策略】
1. 掌握主谓一致的三个原则：语法形态一致、逻辑意义一致和就近一致；
2. 掌握主谓一致中的固定搭配；
3. 掌握定语从句中的主谓一致；
4. 掌握倒装句、强调句中的主谓一致。
【命题预测】
预计 2024 年高考主谓一致仍然是考查的重点、难点和热点。主谓一致不会单独考查，一般会与名词、动词的时 态和语态放在一起考查。
主谓一致是指谓语动词在人称和数上与主语一致，一般遵循三个原则，
即语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。做题时还要保证时态及其他语法及词义的正确性。
考点一 就近一致原则
1. 由 or, either ... or ..., neither ... nor ..., not only ... but also ... , not ... but ... 等连接的并列主语，谓语动
词常与最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。
Neither Jim nor his parents know anything about it.
吉姆和他母亲都不知道这件事。
2. 在 There be 句型及 Here 开头的句子中，有两个或几个并列主语时，谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的
主语保持一致。
There is a pen, two knives and several books on the table.
桌子上有一支钢笔、两把小刀和几本书。
→There are two knives, a pen and several books on the table.
桌子上有两把小刀、 一支钢笔和几本书。
3. many a/more than one＋单数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。
Many a parent was forced to go through this same painful process.
很多父母都被迫经历这一段痛苦的过程。
1 ．Either the manager or his assistants (is, are) to attend the meeting.
2 ．Not only the students but also the teacher (be) against the plan at that time.
1. Neither we nor he (be) willing to accept the result.
2 ．Tom, along with his parents, (be) going to pay a visit to China next month.
3 ．Here (be) a pen, a few pencils and some paper for you.
考点二 语法一致原则
1. 当主语后面接由 as well as, accompanied by, including, in addition to, more than, no less than, rather than, with, together with 等构成的词组时，其谓语动词的形式要依主语的单复数而定。在这样的句子里，这
些词所引导的词组不影响主语自身的单复数形式，它们在句子里其实是状语。
Pronunciation as well as grammar changes quickly.
发音与语法一样变化很快。
2. 由 lots of, a lot of, a number of, plenty of 等修饰的名词作主语时，谓语动词与所修饰的名词形式保持一
致。
A great number of students who were invited to the party were from my school.
很多被邀来参加晚会的学生来自于我校。
A great deal of water is polluted every year.
每年大量的水被污染。
易混点：quantities/amounts of 修饰名词时，谓语动词的单复数取决于 quantity 和 amount 的单复数形式。
Quantities of information are available on the Internet.
在网上可得到大量的信息。
3. 定语从句中的谓语动词的单复数由其修饰的名词的单复数形式来确定；如果定语从句修饰前面的整个
句子，从句中的谓语动词用单数。
Those who were praised at the meeting would be sent to America for further study.
在这次会议上被表扬的人将被派到美国深造。
Russia is upgrading its northern fleet, which includes 18 icebreakers.
俄罗斯正在升级它的北海舰队，准备增加 18 艘破冰船。
4. 倒装句、强调句中的主谓一致
a ．倒装句中谓语动词的数与后面的主语保持一致，即谓语后面的主语是单数，动词用单数；谓语后面
的主语是复数，动词用复数。
A building stands in front of us.
→In front of us stands a building.
我们面前矗立着一栋楼。
b ．在强调句中，如果被强调的成分是原来句子的主语，引导词 that(或 who)后面的谓语与被强调的成
分在人称和数上保持一致。
It is Lily who is a doctor.
莉莉是一名医生。
5. 动词不定式、动名词和从句作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式。
To learn a foreign language is not so difficult as you think.
学会一门外语并不像你想象的那么难。
That he has won the game is known to us all.
他赢了这场比赛是我们都知道的事。
Swimming in rivers in summer is a good sport, but to swim in rivers in winter needs great willpower. 夏天在河里游泳是很好的运动，但冬天在河里游泳需要极大的意志力。
注意：从句作主语时，若主句谓语部分为系表结构，主句谓语的数通常由作表语的名词/代词决定。
What they need is money while what we need most are textbooks.
他们需要的是钱，而我们最需要的是教科书。
1.（2020·新课标卷I·语法填空）“This really excites scientists,” Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says,
“because it 67 (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon 68 (construct).”
2.（2020·新课标卷 III·短文改错） My dad don’t like the soup and I don’t enjoy apples.
1. (2023·江苏省南通徐州市等 5 地高三三模) China is known as the home of tea. It is said that Shennong
discover tea around 2700 B ．C ． At first, tea leaves (chew).
2.(2023·浙江省 9 1 高中联盟年高三 5 月高考模拟)Among the civilian teams that left for Turkey on Wednesday (be) Blue Sky Rescue, a nonprofit Chinese civilian organization, whose members come from
provincial-level regions of China.
3.（2023·浙江省七彩阳光新高考研究联盟联考）Even the Changjiang-1000A engine, a domestic alternative,
(have) many imported parts.
考点三
意义一致原则
1. and, both ... and ... 连接两个不同的主语，谓语动词用复数形式；但是如果由 and 连接的两个名词
表示同一个人或物时，谓语动词须用单数形式。
Her teacher and her friends are on holiday.
她的老师和朋友们都在度假中。
The poet and writer has produced many works.
这位诗人兼作家写出了许多作品。
2.“no/each/every/many a＋单数名词＋and＋no/each/every/many a＋单数名词”作主语，谓语动词用单
数。
Every boy and every girl wishes to attend the party to be held next Sunday.
每个男生和女生都希望参加下周日举行的聚会。
3.“a number of＋复数名词”表示“许多……” ，作主语时，谓语动词用复数；“the number of＋复数名
词”表示“ …… 的数量” ，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
A number of measures were being taken to protect the endangered animals
人们正采取各种措施保护濒危动物。
The number of staff has declined from 218,000 to 116,000.
员工人数从 21.8 万下降到了 11.6 万。
4.分数、百分数指代或修饰名词时，谓语动词的数与其所修饰的名词的数保持一致。the rest, the
remaining/part ... ，plenty of, a great deal of 等＋主语，谓语动词应根据所表达的单复数意义而定。
The first part of the lecture was vivid but the remaining was very boring.
讲座的前半部分很生动，但后半部分非常枯燥。
About one third of the books are worth reading.
这些书中大约有 1/3 值得一读。
Only 60 percent of the work was finished yesterday.
昨天只干了 60%的活。
5. 集体名词作主语时，若被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若被看作是构成集体的一个个成员， 谓语动词用复数形式。常见的集体名词有：family, class, team, group, public, committee, government,
audience 等。
The class consists of 25 boys and 20 girls.
这个班由 25 个男生和 20 个女生组成。
The class are doing experiments.
全班学生都在做实验。
6.示时间、距离、重量、金额等复数名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。
Three thousand miles is a long distance.
三千英里是一段很长的距离。
7.以-s/-ics 结尾的学科名词，如 physics, politics 等及 news 作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
Bad news travels quickly.
[谚语]坏事传千里。
2. 单复数同形的名词，如：deer ， sheep ， fish ， means ， works ， Chinese 等作主语时，
要视其意义来决定谓语动词的单复数形式。
All means have been tried.
所有方式都试过了。
Every means has been tried.
每一种方式都试过了。
3. “the+形容词”表示一类人，在句中作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
The wounded have been cured and the lost have been found.
受伤的人被治愈，同时失踪的人也被找到了.
1. （2020·天津卷 3 月 · 单项填空） 11. A survey carried out last year showed that 80% of the middle-aged in this
city in favour of the proposal on health care reform.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
2. 【2019·新课标 I 卷 ·语法填空】 Of the nineteen recognized polarbear subpopulations, three are declining,
six 70 (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
1.（2023·浙江省金华十校模拟）Lake Powell, the second largest human-made reservoir (水库) in the US, has lost
nearly 7% of its potential storage capacity since it (build) in 1963.
2. 1. All we need a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit
trees throughout the growing seasons of the year.
A. are B. was C. is D. were
过关检测
1.（2023·湖北省腾云联盟八月联考） Compared with the two predecessors, the Fujian is much bigger and heavier. In addition to the J-15 fighter jet, the new carrier (expect) to have new advanced combat
planes or drones.
2. （2023 · 粤湘鄂名校联盟高三第一次联考 ）As the most important ceramic production center in China,
Jingdezhen produces high-quality porcelain that 37 (appreciate) both in China and worldwide.
3.（2023·河南省安阳市 TOP 二十名校摸底）The 12 animal signs of the Chinese zodiac (divide) into 2
categories by Chinese philosophy—Yin and Yang Theory.
4.（2023·江苏省盐城四校联考）Nowadays, face masks (wear) all over the world, but China is one of
first countries to realize the importance off the wearing of face masks. In fact, it is also a result of traditional
cultural factors in China.
5.（2023·广东省高三开学大联考）Finally, soup (bring)onto the table, followed by the staple food, rice,
noodles, or sometimes dumplings.
6.（2023·江苏省南通市海安市统考）Over the past two decades, the positive psychology movement 36 (brighten) up psychological research with its science of happiness, human potential and flourishing. It argues that
psychologists should investigate not only mental illness but also what makes life worth living.
7.（2023·江苏省决胜新高考 4 月大联考）Xidi village (compose) of more than 300 civil residences,
most of which were built in the Ming and Qing dynasties.
8. （2023 · 重庆市 巴蜀 中学模拟 ）One of the quickest ways to make carpets, tufting guns (exist) for
decades.
9.（2023·江苏省无锡市江阴市统考）The show’s director Li Lu, who became well known for his anti-corruption
series in the Name of the People in 2017, said “China ( witness) dramatic changes over the past five decade
s and it is time to create such a drama to remember the past.”
10.（2023·河北省“ 五个一”名校联盟统考）In recent years, “reverse tourism" (emerge) as a new trend
among young holidaymakers in China.
11.（2023·广东省惠州市高三第一次调研）Sometimes when we eat, what we’re hungry for isn’t food — it’s the taste of memory. Studies show that foods we think of as comfort foods don’t contain any magical properties. What
might be comforting (be) the feeling of closeness to other people they can bring.
12.（2023·贵州省联考） “Since I first came to Shanghai, I (be) impressed by the kindness and
friendliness of the people here. Everyone I met gave me a big smile, whether sanitation workers(环卫工人) on the
streets or cashiers in convenience stores. Their smiles have made me feel the warmth of the city,” she said.
13.（2023·江西省九江市一模） Xu’s village is located at the base of Moon Hill, a popular tourist destina tion famous for a moon-shaped hole at the summit. She (work) as a tour guide and vendor(小贩)in
Yangshuo since 1998, when the area became popular with foreign backpackers and organized tours.
14.（2023·广西南宁市高三下学期 5 月模拟）He says that watching TV series (help) teenagers
forget about the pressures of exams and homework, and the troubles which fill the world today.
15.（2023·粤湘鄂名校联盟高三第一次联考）Often called the Porcelain (瓷器) Capital for its important role in
the domestic and international ceramic (陶瓷) industry, Jingdezhen in Jiangxi Province is famous for its ancient
porcelain production that (date) back to more than 1, 700 years ago.
真题演练
(
2023
年
)
1.【2023 年全国乙卷】 46Having visited (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I 47 (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while
constantly growing.
2.【2023 年全国甲卷】 In the evening, when I take a walkin the school garden, the singing of insects become more
meaningful to me.
3. 【2023 年北京卷】Up to now, China 16 (establish) a number of protected areas with mangroves.
【2023 年浙江卷 1 月】Citizens of higher social classes 59 (permit)to live closer to the center of the
circles.
(
2022
年
)
1. 【 2022 新 高 考 I 卷 】 The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that (be)previously unprotected....After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP (design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, and leaving behind precious
natural assets(资产)for future generations” .
2.【2022 全国甲卷】In the last five years, Cao (walk) through 34 countries in six continents
3. 【 2022 年 浙 江 卷 1 月 】 Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like frequently by plane
（view） as important for scientists to get together and exchange information.
4.【2022 年浙江卷 1 月】But Cobb and others （be） now questioning that idea pushing conferences to provide more chances to participate remotely, and （change） their personal behavior to do their part in dealing with the climate change crisis. ...On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, roughly 200
academics —many of them climate scientists （promise） to fly as little as possible since the effort
started two years ago.
5.【2022 年新高考 2 卷】Henry 42 (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony.
6.【2022 年北京卷】 This has been adopted to ensure easier detection of gas leaks. Gas naturally 16
(have) no recognisable smell.
7. 【2022 年北京卷】The use of those plastics 20 (increase) by 300% since 2019. The world won’t
survive if this situation continues.
8. 【2022 年全国乙卷】A doctor tells me people who lives the longest are dancers and cyclists.
8.【2022 年天津卷第二次】 Food and medical supplies to all the residents after the hurricane last
Sunday.
A. distribute B. distributed
C. are distributed D. were distributed
9. 【2022 年天津卷第二次】Critical reasoning, together with problem-solving, teenagers to make better
decisions.
A. prepare B. prepares
C. is preparing D. are preparing
(
2021
年
)
1. 【 2021.6 新高考 1 卷 】What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can't help wondering how hard
it 6 (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place.
2. 【 2021.6 全 国 甲卷 】It 1 (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been
completely restored（修复） .
3.【2021.6 浙江卷】It doesn't impress like George Washington's plantation on the Pohomac, but Lincoln's home in
downtown Springfield, Illinois, 1 (prove) irresistible to visitors since it opened to the publie.
4.【2021.6 浙江卷】Mary's niece wrote, pretty, "The little home 5 (paint) white.
5.【2021.1 浙江卷】 It is calculated by dividing a person’s weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a
BMI of between 19 and 25 4 (consider) healthy.
6.【2021.1 浙江卷】In cities, however, the gain 6 (be) 1.3 in women and 1.6 in men.
7.【2021.6 全国甲卷 改错】One of the questions are: Who will you go in times of trouble
8 ．【2021 年北京卷】As it 13 (connect) things ，your brain tums them into a story,and you get a
dream .
9.【2021 年北京卷】There 17 (be) a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past
20 years, 18 (cause) largely by rising global temperatures, according to a new report from the United
Nations.
10. 【2021 年天津卷第一次】We quite enough work for the morning; now let's take a break.
A ．have done B ．will do C ．had done D ．were doing
9 ．【2021 年天津卷第一次】Currently, about 35,000 works in over 300 rooms in the Louvre, and it
would take a lifetime to see everything.
A ．were displaying B ．are displaying
C ．were being displayed D ．are being displayed
(
2020
年
)
1.【2020 年新课标Ⅰ】＂This really excites scientists,＂ Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, "
because it 67. (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon 68. (construct) "
2.【2020 年新课标Ⅱ】 This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers 62. (carry) special significance. 3. 【2020 全国Ⅲ卷】For example, every morning, my dad has to have a bowl of egg soup while I had to eat an
apple. My dad don’t like the soup and I don’t enjoy apples.
4.【2020 年新高考全国Ⅰ 卷（山东卷）】 The parts of a museum open to the public 40. (call) galleries or
rooms. Often, only a small part of a museum’s collection 41. (be) on display. Most of it is stored away or used for
research.
5.【2020 年浙江卷 1 月】Something significant is happening to the world population-it is aging. The median(中位 数的)age of an American in 1950 56 (be)30-today it is 41 and is expected 57to increase (increase)to 42
by 2050. ...
6. 【2020 年新高考全国Ⅱ 卷(海南卷)】 Because the number of possible topics 43 （be）practically
limitless, we focus on a sample of the most interesting and useful applications and tools and explain the basic
principles of technology. Readers 44 （encourage）to continue exploring the digital world with the
guidance of 45_our （we ）Further Resources section featured in each volume.
7.【2020 年北京卷】Oliver is a host of a TV programme on food. He says food 1 (play) a big role in his life. "
8.【2020 年北京卷】Single-use plastic bags are used at most a few times before they 4 (throw) away.
9.【2020 年浙江卷 7 月】And ，as more children were born ，more food 59 (need).
10 【2020 年天津卷第一次】 —The machine is working again！
—Yes, it broke down yesterday, but it .
A. has been fixed B. is being fixed
C. had been fixed D. would be fixed
11. 【2020 年天津卷第一次】A survey carried out last year showed that 80% of the middle-aged in this city
in favour of the proposal on health care reform.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
12. 【 2020 年江 苏 卷 】If you look at all sides of the situation, you’ll find probably a solution that
everyone.
A. suit B. suited C. suits D. has suited
(
2019
年
)
1.【2019 年全国卷 Ⅰ】In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut 65 (report) increases in bear sightings
around human settlements, leading to a 66belief (believe) that populations are increasing. ...
Of 69 nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six 70 (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.2.【2019 年全国卷Ⅱ】Irene said ，“I don't see any reason to give up work. I
love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I 66 (make) over the years.”
3.【2019 年全国卷Ⅱ】And the other is that I wanted to help people in need.
4.【2019 年全国卷 III】
... On the last day of our week-long stay，we 69 (invite)to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on
the North Shore under the stars ， 70listening (listen)to musicians and meeting interesting locals.
5.【2019 年全国卷 III】I've had many dreams since I was a child. Now my dream is to open a cafe. Though it may appear simple, it required a lot of ideas and efforts.
6.【2019 年北京卷】Does the name of the college you attend really matter？Research on the question
7 (suggest)that ，for most students ，it doesn't.
7. 【2019 年浙江卷 6 月】When every pupil in the school wears the uniform, nobody 56 (have) to worry
about fashion(时尚).
8. 【2018 年浙江卷 11 月】 You probably 56 (use) caffeine since childhood. Caffeine
57 (be) in your first Coke. If you ever enjoyed a chocolate bar, you ate caffeine.
9.【2019 年江苏卷】The musician along with his band members ten performances in the last three
months.
A. gives B. has given C. have given D. give
10.【2019 年天津卷】Amy, as well as her brothers, a warm welcome when returning to the village
last week.
A. is given B. are given
C. was given D. were given2024届高考高三英语复习——主谓一致
1. 三年真题主谓一致考点细目表
时间 卷次 语法填空/短文改错/单项选择
2023 年 新高考 I 卷 语法填空: /
新高考 II 卷 语法填空:/
全国甲卷 语法填空:/ 短文改错： become 改为 becomes
全国乙卷 语法填空: was amazed 短文改错： /
北京卷 语法填空: has established
浙江卷 (1 月)语法填空: were permitted (6 月)语法填空: /
天津卷 单项选择：
2022 年 新高考 I 卷 语法填空: were； is designed
新高考 II 卷 语法填空: was fixing
全国甲卷 语法填空: has walked 短文改错： 2. was→were 4. become→became
全国乙卷 语法填空: / 短文改错： lives 改为 live
北京卷 语法填空: has increased； has
浙江卷 (1 月)语法填空: are ； is viewed 或 has been viewed (6 月)语法填空: /
天津卷 单项选择：were distributed
2021 年 新高考 I 卷 语法填空: /
新高考 II 卷 语法填空:/
全国甲卷 语法填空: was built 短文改错： /
全国乙卷 语法填空:/ 短文改错： /
北京卷 语法填空: connects; Has been
浙江卷 (1 月)语法填空: is considered (6 月)语法填空: was painted
天津卷 （第一次） 单项选择: are being displayed （第二次）单项选择: were distributed； prepares
2. 命题规律及备考策略
【命题规律】
近 3 年对于主谓一致主要考查：
1. 一般现在时中的主谓一致；
2. 现在完成时中的主谓一致；
3. 被动语态中的主谓一致。
【备考策略】
1. 掌握主谓一致的三个原则：语法形态一致、逻辑意义一致和就近一致；
2. 掌握主谓一致中的固定搭配；
3. 掌握定语从句中的主谓一致；
4. 掌握倒装句、强调句中的主谓一致。
【命题预测】
预计 2024 年高考主谓一致仍然是考查的重点、难点和热点。主谓一致不会单独考查，一般会与名词、动词的时 态和语态放在一起考查。
主谓一致是指谓语动词在人称和数上与主语一致，一般遵循三个原则，
即语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。做题时还要保证时态及其他语法及词义的正确性。
考点一 就近一致原则
1. 由 or, either ... or ..., neither ... nor ..., not only ... but also ... , not ... but ... 等连接的并列主语，谓语动
词常与最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。
Neither Jim nor his parents know anything about it.
吉姆和他母亲都不知道这件事。
2. 在 There be 句型及 Here 开头的句子中，有两个或几个并列主语时，谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的
主语保持一致。
There is a pen, two knives and several books on the table.
桌子上有一支钢笔、两把小刀和几本书。
→There are two knives, a pen and several books on the table.
桌子上有两把小刀、 一支钢笔和几本书。
3. many a/more than one＋单数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。
Many a parent was forced to go through this same painful process.
很多父母都被迫经历这一段痛苦的过程。
1 ．Either the manager or his assistants (is, are) to attend the meeting.
【答案】 are
【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：不是经理就是他的助手出席会议。 “either...or...”连接两个并列的名词作主语，
谓语动词应遵循就近原则。根据空格前的“his assistants”可知，系动词应用 are 。故填 are。
2 ．Not only the students but also the teacher (be) against the plan at that time.
【答案】 was
【详解】考查时态及主谓一致。句意：当时不仅学生而且老师都反对这项计划。在 Not only… but also… 连 接并列主语时，谓语动词的数遵循“就近原则” ，由此可知，teacher 为单数名词，be 动词应使用单数形式；
时间状语为 at that time，应使用一般过去时。故填 was。
1. Neither we nor he (be) willing to accept the result.
【答案】is/was
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：我们和他都不愿意接受这个结果。句中陈述过去事情或现在事实， 用一般过去时或一般现在时。neither...nor...连接句子的主语时， 谓语动词在人称和数上要和邻近的保持一致；
本句中谓语动词要和单数第三人称 he 保持一致。根据句意，故填 is/was。
2 ．Tom, along with his parents, (be) going to pay a visit to China next month.
【答案】is
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：汤姆和他的父母打算下个月去中国访问。根据时间状语 next month 可知， 用一般将来时。along with 连接前后两个主语时， 谓语动词应和前面的那个主语保持一致。根据句意，
故填 is。
3 ．Here (be) a pen, a few pencils and some paper for you.
【答案】is
【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：这是给你的一支钢笔，几支铅笔和一些纸。 here be/There be…后面有多个主
语时，遵循“就近一致”原则，即与 pen 保持一致，用单数，为一般现在时。故填 is。
考点二 语法一致原则
1. 当主语后面接由 as well as, accompanied by, including, in addition to, more than, no less than, rather than, with, together with 等构成的词组时，其谓语动词的形式要依主语的单复数而定。在这样的句子里，这
些词所引导的词组不影响主语自身的单复数形式，它们在句子里其实是状语。
Pronunciation as well as grammar changes quickly.
发音与语法一样变化很快。
2. 由 lots of, a lot of, a number of, plenty of 等修饰的名词作主语时，谓语动词与所修饰的名词形式保持一
致。
A great number of students who were invited to the party were from my school.
很多被邀来参加晚会的学生来自于我校。
A great deal of water is polluted every year.
每年大量的水被污染。
易混点：quantities/amounts of 修饰名词时，谓语动词的单复数取决于 quantity 和 amount 的单复数形式。
Quantities of information are available on the Internet.
在网上可得到大量的信息。
3. 定语从句中的谓语动词的单复数由其修饰的名词的单复数形式来确定；如果定语从句修饰前面的整个
句子，从句中的谓语动词用单数。
Those who were praised at the meeting would be sent to America for further study.
在这次会议上被表扬的人将被派到美国深造。
Russia is upgrading its northern fleet, which includes 18 icebreakers.
俄罗斯正在升级它的北海舰队，准备增加 18 艘破冰船。
4. 倒装句、强调句中的主谓一致
a ．倒装句中谓语动词的数与后面的主语保持一致，即谓语后面的主语是单数，动词用单数；谓语后面
的主语是复数，动词用复数。
A building stands in front of us.
→In front of us stands a building.
我们面前矗立着一栋楼。
b ．在强调句中，如果被强调的成分是原来句子的主语，引导词 that(或 who)后面的谓语与被强调的成
分在人称和数上保持一致。
It is Lily who is a doctor.
莉莉是一名医生。
5. 动词不定式、动名词和从句作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式。
To learn a foreign language is not so difficult as you think.
学会一门外语并不像你想象的那么难。
That he has won the game is known to us all.
他赢了这场比赛是我们都知道的事。
Swimming in rivers in summer is a good sport, but to swim in rivers in winter needs great willpower. 夏天在河里游泳是很好的运动，但冬天在河里游泳需要极大的意志力。
注意：从句作主语时，若主句谓语部分为系表结构，主句谓语的数通常由作表语的名词/代词决定。
What they need is money while what we need most are textbooks.
他们需要的是钱，而我们最需要的是教科书。
1.（2020·新课标卷I·语法填空）“This really excites scientists,” Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says,
“because it 67 (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon 68 (construct).”
【答案】67. means
【解析】此处考查主谓一致。主语 it 为第三人称单数，因此谓语动词应用 means。
2.（2020·新课标卷 III·短文改错） My dad don’t like the soup and I don’t enjoy apples.
【答案】第四句： don’t→ doesn’t
【解析】考查主谓一致。本句主语 my dad 为第三人称单数，故应改为 doesn’t。
1. (2023·江苏省南通徐州市等 5 地高三三模) China is known as the home of tea. It is said that Shennong
discover tea around 2700 B ．C ． At first, tea leaves (chew).
【答案】 were chewed
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：起初，茶叶被咀嚼。此处在句中作谓语，句子描述过去发生的事，应用 一般过去时，主语 tea leaves 和动词 chew 是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动，主语是复数，故填 were
chewed。
2.(2023·浙江省 9 1 高中联盟年高三 5 月高考模拟)Among the civilian teams that left for Turkey on Wednesday (be) Blue Sky Rescue, a nonprofit Chinese civilian organization, whose members come from
provincial-level regions of China.
【答案】 was
【解析】考查谓语动词。句意：周三启程前往土耳其的文职团队中包括蓝天救援，这是一个非营利的中国 民间组织，其成员来自中国省级地区。分析句子结构和意思可知，这句话描述的是过去的事情，谓语用一
般过去时，主语是 Blue Sky Rescue ，be 动词用 was 。故填 was。
3.（2023·浙江省七彩阳光新高考研究联盟联考）Even the Changjiang-1000A engine, a domestic alternative,
(have) many imported parts.
【答案】has
【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：即使是国产的长江 1000A 发动机，也有许多进口部件。此处主语为 the
Changjiang-1000A engine，陈述客观事实用一般现在时，故谓语用第三人称单数形式。故填 has。
考点三
意义一致原则
1. and, both ... and ... 连接两个不同的主语，谓语动词用复数形式；但是如果由 and 连接的两个名词
表示同一个人或物时，谓语动词须用单数形式。
Her teacher and her friends are on holiday.
她的老师和朋友们都在度假中。
The poet and writer has produced many works.
这位诗人兼作家写出了许多作品。
2.“no/each/every/many a＋单数名词＋and＋no/each/every/many a＋单数名词”作主语，谓语动词用单
数。
Every boy and every girl wishes to attend the party to be held next Sunday.
每个男生和女生都希望参加下周日举行的聚会。
3.“a number of＋复数名词”表示“许多……” ，作主语时，谓语动词用复数；“the number of＋复数名
词”表示“ …… 的数量” ，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
A number of measures were being taken to protect the endangered animals
人们正采取各种措施保护濒危动物。
The number of staff has declined from 218,000 to 116,000.
员工人数从 21.8 万下降到了 11.6 万。
4.分数、百分数指代或修饰名词时，谓语动词的数与其所修饰的名词的数保持一致。the rest, the
remaining/part ... ，plenty of, a great deal of 等＋主语，谓语动词应根据所表达的单复数意义而定。
The first part of the lecture was vivid but the remaining was very boring.
讲座的前半部分很生动，但后半部分非常枯燥。
About one third of the books are worth reading.
这些书中大约有 1/3 值得一读。
Only 60 percent of the work was finished yesterday.
昨天只干了 60%的活。
5. 集体名词作主语时，若被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若被看作是构成集体的一个个成员， 谓语动词用复数形式。常见的集体名词有：family, class, team, group, public, committee, government,
audience 等。
The class consists of 25 boys and 20 girls.
这个班由 25 个男生和 20 个女生组成。
The class are doing experiments.
全班学生都在做实验。
6.示时间、距离、重量、金额等复数名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。
Three thousand miles is a long distance.
三千英里是一段很长的距离。
7.以-s/-ics 结尾的学科名词，如 physics, politics 等及 news 作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
Bad news travels quickly.
[谚语]坏事传千里。
2. 单复数同形的名词，如：deer ， sheep ， fish ， means ， works ， Chinese 等作主语时，
要视其意义来决定谓语动词的单复数形式。
All means have been tried.
所有方式都试过了。
Every means has been tried.
每一种方式都试过了。
3. “the+形容词”表示一类人，在句中作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
The wounded have been cured and the lost have been found.
受伤的人被治愈，同时失踪的人也被找到了.
1. （2020·天津卷 3 月 · 单项填空） 11. A survey carried out last year showed that 80% of the middle-aged in this
city in favour of the proposal on health care reform.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：去年进行的一项调查显示， 该市 80％的中年人赞成医疗改革的建 议。通过分析句子结构并翻译语境可知，主句时态为一般过去时，根据时态一致性可知从句中时态也为一 般过去时， 且从句中主语 80% of the middle-aged 是复数， 按照主谓一致原则， 因此使用 be 动词 were。故选
D 项。
2. 【2019·新课标 I 卷 ·语法填空】 Of the nineteen recognized polarbear subpopulations, three are declining,
six 70 (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
【答案】 are
【解析】时态和考查主谓一致。根据 three are declining，此处数词 six 作主语，代指前文中的“polar bear
subpopulations”，故用复数谓语， 一般现在时，故填 are。
1.（2023·浙江省金华十校模拟）Lake Powell, the second largest human-made reservoir (水库) in the US, has lost
nearly 7% of its potential storage capacity since it (build) in 1963.
【答案】 was built
【解析】考查谓语动词。句意：鲍威尔湖是美国第二大人工水库，自 1963 年建成以来，其潜在蓄水能力已 经损失了近 7%。设空处在句中做谓语， 根据时间状语 in 1963，可知句子的时态为一般过去时， 设空处和句
子的主语 it 之间是被动关系，可知，设空处应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填 was built。
2. 1. All we need a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit
trees throughout the growing seasons of the year.
A. are B. was C. is D. were
【答案】C
【解析】考查主谓一致及时态用法。句中的主语为代词 all，代指的是物，故谓语动词用单数形式。再根据 从句中的 can 可以判断用一般现在时。句意：我们所需要的是一小块土地，在整个一年的生长季节，我们能
够种各种不同的水果树。故 C 正确。
过关检测
1.（2023·湖北省腾云联盟八月联考） Compared with the two predecessors, the Fujian is much bigger and heavier. In addition to the J-15 fighter jet, the new carrier (expect) to have new advanced combat
planes or drones.
【答案】is expected
【解析】考查动词时态语态主谓一致。句意：除了歼-15 战斗机，新航母预计将配备新的先进战斗机或无人 机。结合句意表示“ 预计 ……”可知短语为 be expected to， 陈述客观事实用一般现在时，主语为 the new
carrier，谓语用单数。故填 is expected。
2. （2023 · 粤湘鄂名校联盟高三第一次联考 ）As the most important ceramic production center in China,
Jingdezhen produces high-quality porcelain that 37 (appreciate) both in China and worldwide.
【答案】is appreciated
【解析】考查时态语态。句意：作为中国最重要的陶瓷生产中心，景德镇生产的优质瓷器在中国和世界各 地都很受欢迎。主语与谓语构成被动关系， 结合上文 Jingdezhen produces 可知为一般现在时的被动语态， 定
语从句中谓语与先行词 high-quality porcelain 保持一致，用单数形式。故填 is appreciated。
3.（2023·河南省安阳市 TOP 二十名校摸底）The 12 animal signs of the Chinese zodiac (divide) into 2
categories by Chinese philosophy—Yin and Yang Theory.
【答案】 are divided
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：中国的十二生肖被中国哲学分为阴阳两类。表示“被分成 ……”短语为 be divided into，陈述客观事实应用一般现在时，主语为 The 12 animal signs of the Chinese zodiac，是复数。故
填 are divided。
4.（2023·江苏省盐城四校联考）Nowadays, face masks (wear) all over the world, but China is one of
first countries to realize the importance off the wearing of face masks. In fact, it is also a result of traditional
cultural factors in China.
【答案】 are being worn
【解析】考查动词语态。句意：如今，全世界都戴口罩，但中国是最早意识到戴口罩重要性的国家之一。
根据时间状语 nowadays 和语境可知，疫情当下，戴口罩是正在发生的事情，应用现在进行时；wear 与 face
masks 是逻辑动宾关系，应用被动语态。故填 are being worn。
5.（2023·广东省高三开学大联考）Finally, soup (bring)onto the table, followed by the staple food, rice,
noodles, or sometimes dumplings.
【答案】is brought
【解析】考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：最后，汤被端上桌，接着是主食，米饭、面条，有时还有 饺子。句子缺谓语动词，讲述事实用一般现在时，主语 food 与谓语动词 bring 之间是被动关系，主语是单
数名词。故填 is brought。
6.（2023·江苏省南通市海安市统考）Over the past two decades, the positive psychology movement 36 (brighten) up psychological research with its science of happiness, human potential and flourishing. It argues that
psychologists should investigate not only mental illness but also what makes life worth living.
【答案】has brightened
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：在过去的二十年中，积极心理学运动以其对幸福和人类潜力的科学研究为
心理学研究带来了光明。分析句子结构可知，此处是句子谓语部分，根据时间状语“Over the past two
decades”需用现在完成时， 主语是 movement ，应使用第三人称单数形式。故填 has brightened。
7.（2023·江苏省决胜新高考 4 月大联考）Xidi village (compose) of more than 300 civil residences,
most of which were built in the Ming and Qing dynasties.
【答案】is composed
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：西递村由 300 多座民居组成，其中大部分建于明清两代。根据句意可知， 句子陈述的是客观事实，Xidi village 和 compose 为被动关系，故句子应用一般现在时的被动语态。故填 is
composed。
8. （2023 · 重庆市 巴蜀 中学模拟 ）One of the quickest ways to make carpets, tufting guns (exist) for
decades.
【答案】have existed/have been existing
【解析】考查动词时态语态。句意： 织地毯最快的方法之一，戳戳绣枪已经存在了几十年了。根据后文 for
decades 可知应用完成时， 此处可用现在完成时或现在完成进行时， 主语为 tufting guns，助动词用 have。故
填 have existed/have been existing。
9.（2023·江苏省无锡市江阴市统考）The show’s director Li Lu, who became well known for his anti-corruption
series in the Name of the People in 2017, said “China ( witness) dramatic changes over the past five decade
s and it is time to create such a drama to remember the past.”
【答案】has witnessed
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：该剧导演李路因 2017 年的《人民的名义》反腐系列剧而闻名，他说： “过
去 50 年来，中国见证了巨大变化，是时候创作这样一部剧来缅怀过去了。 ”分析句意可知，谓语动词
witness“见证” 需要使用现在完成时， 因为本句包含了时间状语 over the past five decades“过去 50 年”，且主语
China“中国”为单数概念，故填 has witnessed。
10.（2023·河北省“ 五个一”名校联盟统考）In recent years, “reverse tourism" (emerge) as a new trend
among young holidaymakers in China.
【答案】has emerged
【解析】考查动词。句意：近年来， “逆向旅游”在中国年轻度假者中成为一种新趋势。根据该句中的时间状语 In
recent years 可知，此处动词为现在完成时，结合reverse tourism 为单数名词，故填 has emerged。
11.（2023·广东省惠州市高三第一次调研）Sometimes when we eat, what we’re hungry for isn’t food — it’s the taste of memory. Studies show that foods we think of as comfort foods don’t contain any magical properties. What
might be comforting (be) the feeling of closeness to other people they can bring.
【答案】is
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：让人欣慰的是它们带给别人的亲近感。句子是描述一个事实，应用
一般现在时，主语是 What 引导的主语从句，空后的表语 the feeling 是名词单数， be 动词用 is。故填 is。
12.（2023·贵州省联考） “Since I first came to Shanghai, I (be) impressed by the kindness and
friendliness of the people here. Everyone I met gave me a big smile, whether sanitation workers(环卫工人) on the
streets or cashiers in convenience stores. Their smiles have made me feel the warmth of the city,” she said.
【答案】have been
【解析】考查时态。句意：自从我第一次来到上海，这里人民的善良和友好就给我留下了深刻的印象。根
据前面的 Since I first came to Shanghai 可知，此处应用现在完成时。故填 have been。
13.（2023·江西省九江市一模） Xu’s village is located at the base of Moon Hill, a popular tourist destina tion famous for a moon-shaped hole at the summit. She (work) as a tour guide and vendor(小贩)in
Yangshuo since 1998, when the area became popular with foreign backpackers and organized tours.
【答案】has been working/has worked
【解析】考查时态。句意： 自 1998 年以来，她一直在阳朔做导游和小贩，当时该地区受到了外国背包客和
组织旅游的欢迎。根据后文 since 1998 可知应用完成时，此处可用现在完成进行时或现在完成时。故填 has
been working/has worked。
14.（2023·广西南宁市高三下学期 5 月模拟）He says that watching TV series (help) teenagers
forget about the pressures of exams and homework, and the troubles which fill the world today.
【答案】helps
【解析】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：他说，看电视剧可以帮助青少年忘记考试和家庭作业的压力， 以及当今世界的各种麻烦。分析句子可知， help(帮助)是宾语从句中谓语动词， 与主语 watching TV series 之 间是主动关系，根据上文可知，陈述客观事实应使用一般现在时态，又因主语是动名词短语，所以谓语动
词应使用单数形式。综上，谓语应用一般现在时主动语态，单数形式，故填 helps。
15.（2023·粤湘鄂名校联盟高三第一次联考）Often called the Porcelain (瓷器) Capital for its important role in the domestic and international ceramic (陶瓷) industry, Jingdezhen in Jiangxi Province is famous for its ancient
porcelain production that (date) back to more than 1, 700 years ago.
【答案】dates
【解析】考查时态。句意：江西景德镇因其在国内外陶瓷业中的重要作用而被称为瓷都，其古老的瓷器生
产可追溯到 1700 多年前。陈述客观事实用一般现在时，定语从句中谓语与先行词 production 保持一致，应
用第三人称单数。故填 dates。
真题演练
(
2023
年
)
1.【2023 年全国乙卷】 46Having visited (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I 47 (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while
constantly growing.
【47 题详解】
考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：在过去的 10 年里，我多次访问北京，我惊讶于这里的新旧共存，惊讶于 一个城市如何在不断发展的同时保持如此丰富的文化遗产。这里为本句谓语动词， 根据下文“how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. ”可知，本句用一般过去时；主语 I 和动词 amaze
之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填 was amazed。
2.【2023 年全国甲卷】 In the evening, when I take a walkin the school garden, the singing of insects become more
meaningful to me.
10.考查主谓一致。句意：晚上，当我在学校的花园里散步时，昆虫的歌声对我来说变得更有意义。此处为
一般现在时，主语为 the singing of insects，谓语用三单形式。故 become 改为 becomes。
3. 【2023 年北京卷】Up to now, China 16 (establish) a number of protected areas with mangroves.
【16 题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，中国已经建立了一些红树林保护区。由 Up to now(到目前为止)
可知，句子应用现在完成时，主语是 China，助动词应用 has，故填 has established。
4. 【2023 年浙江卷 1 月】Citizens of higher social classes 59 (permit)to live closer to the center of the
circles.
【59 题详解】
考查动词的被动语态和主谓一致。句意：高等阶层的公民被允许住在离中心地带更近的地方。分析句子结 构可知，空格处在句中作谓语，和主语 Citizens of higher social classes 构成被动关系，因为是对过去事实的
陈述应用一般过去时。故填 were permitted。
(
2022
年
)
1. 【 2022 新 高 考 I 卷 】 The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that (be)previously unprotected....After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP (design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, and leaving behind precious
natural assets(资产)for future generations” .
答案： were
解析：考查时态和主谓一致。句意：该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区，将许多现有的 大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构，以提高效率，减少管理上的不一致性。设空处在 that 引导的限制性定语 从句中作谓语， 先行词为 a significant number of areas，先行词在从句中作主语， 根据“previously (之前地)”可
知从句的时态应为一般过去时，根据主谓一致，从句主语复数，从句谓语复数形式。故填 were。
答案： is designed
解析：考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：GPNP 旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性，保护生物 多样性， 保护生态缓冲区， 为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产” 的指导原则。设空处在句中作谓语， 和句子的
主语 The GPNP 之间为被动关系；叙述客观事实，应用一般现在时。故设空处应为一般现在时的被动语态，
主语单数，谓语单数形式。故填 is designed。
2.【2022 全国甲卷】In the last five years, Cao (walk) through 34 countries in six continents
答案： has walked
解析：考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：在过去的五年中，曹操穿越了六大洲的 34 个国家， 2016 年，他到 达了乞力马扎罗山顶， 这是非洲最高的山峰。根据时间状语 in the last five years 可知， 此处应用现在完成时，
主语 Cao 为第三人称单数，助动词用 has。故填 has walked。
3. 【 2022 年 浙 江 卷 1 月 】 Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like frequently by plane
（view） as important for scientists to get together and exchange information.
答案： is viewed 或 has been viewed
解析：考查被动语态和主谓一致。句意：对科学家而言，旅行去参加会议、讲座、工作室之类的地方来相 聚并交流信息这件事被视为是重要的。描述人们普遍认知的事情用一般现在时，此处也可以表示强调人们
从过去到现在的认知，动名词作主语与主谓之间存在被动关系，故填 is viewed 或 has been viewed。
4.【2022 年浙江卷 1 月】But Cobb and others （be） now questioning that idea pushing conferences to provide more chances to participate remotely, and （change） their personal behavior to do their part in dealing with the climate change crisis. ...On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, roughly 200 academics —many of them climate scientists （promise） to fly as little as possible since the effort
started two years ago.
答案： are ；changing
解析：考查时态和主谓一致。句意：但是现在 Cobb 和其他人正在质疑那个想法，推动会议提供更多远程参 加的机会以及为了尽自己的能力来应对气候变化危机，他们正在改变他们的个人行为。第一空：根据句意 可知，此处也应使用现在进行时，主语为复数，故填 are。第二空：分析句子结构可知， 此处 and 连接并列
的动词 questioning 和 change，故填 changing。
答案： have promised
解析：考查时态和主谓一致。句意：例如，在一个叫“无飞行科学家” 的网站上，自从两年前成立以来，大约 有 200 个学者， 他们中很多人承诺尽可能少飞行。根据时间状语“since+过去时间”可知主句应使用现在完成
时，故填 have promised。
5.【2022 年新高考 2 卷】Henry 42 (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony.
答案： 42. was fixing 43. threw
【42 题详解】
考查谓语动词和主谓一致。句意：听到尖叫声时，亨利正在修车。根据句子结构，设空处应该填写谓语动 词。根据空后的 when he heard the screams，可知，设空处的动作是正在发生的，同时该句描述的是过去的
事实。故使用过去进行时。 fix 为动词，意为“修理” ，其过去进行时为 was fixing。故填 was fixing。
6.【2022 年北京卷】 This has been adopted to ensure easier detection of gas leaks. Gas naturally 16
(have) no recognisable smell.
考查主谓一致。句意：气体本来没有可识别的味道。分析句子结构可知空格处的动词作谓语，本句话是在 陈述客观事实， 应用一般现在时态， 且主语 gas 在本文中指的是气体的统称， 为不可数名词， 所以谓语动词
要用单三形式。故填 has。
7. 【2022 年北京卷】The use of those plastics 20 (increase) by 300% since 2019. The world won’t
survive if this situation continues.
4.考查现在完成时和主谓一致。句意：自从 2019 年，那些塑料的使用已经增加了 300%。根据句中 since
2019，可知此处用现在完成时。主语 The use of those plastics 为单数含义，助动词用 has。故填 has
increased。
8. 【2022 年全国乙卷】A doctor tells me people who lives the longest are dancers and cyclists.
2.考查主谓一致。句意：医生告诉我，寿命最长的人是舞蹈家和骑自行车的人。 people 是集合名词，谓语动
词用复数。故将 lives 改为 live。
8.【2022 年天津卷第二次】 Food and medical supplies to all the residents after the hurricane last
Sunday.
A. distribute B. distributed
C. are distributed D. were distributed
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词的时态和语态和主谓一致。句意：上周日飓风过后，食品和药品供给被分发给了所有居 民。分析句子成分可知， Food and medical supplies 作主语， 为复数， 与动词 distribute“分发”为动宾关系， 故 需要用被动语态 be distributed；根据后文 last Sunday“上周日”可知，句子需要用一般过去时态，故 be 动词
要用 were 。故选 D 项。
9. 【2022 年天津卷第二次】Critical reasoning, together with problem-solving, teenagers to make better
decisions.
A. prepare B. prepares
C. is preparing D. are preparing
【答案】B
【解析】考查主谓一致和时态。句意：批判性推理和解决问题的能力有助于青少年做出更好的决定。短语 together with/along with/as well as, etc 连接两个并列的名词或代词做主语时谓语动词的数由该结构前的名词 或代词决定，句子主语为 Critical reasoning，谓语动词应用单数形式，此处为客观陈述，应用一般现在时。
故选 B 项。
(
2021
年
)
1. 【 2021.6 新高考 1 卷 】What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can't help wondering how hard
it 6 (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place.
【答案】 was
【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，此处应该填谓语动词。根据空后的提示词 then 可
知，表示当时的情况，故此处谓语动词应用一般过去时；从句主语为 it，是第三人称单数形式。故填 was。
2. 【 2021.6 全 国 甲卷 】It 1 (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been
completely restored（修复） .
【答案】 was built ;
【解析】考查动词的时态/语态以及主谓一致。根据句子结构可知， 空格填写谓语动词， 又因 it 指代前面 The Xi'an City Wall，和 build 是被动关系， 且是在 the Tang dynasty 被建立， 故用过去式的被动语态。本句句意：
它最初是在唐代为保护这座城市而建的，现在已经完全修复。故填 was built。
3.【2021.6 浙江卷】It doesn't impress like George Washington's plantation on the Pohomac, but Lincoln's home in
downtown Springfield, Illinois, 1 (prove) irresistible to visitors since it opened to the publie.
【答案】has proved 或 has proven
【解析】考查现在完成时和主谓一致。结合句中 since 一词， 可以判断句子的谓语应该用现在完成时。句意：
自从它开放后，林肯的家已经证明是让游客们不可抵挡地想去参观的。
4.【2021.6 浙江卷】Mary's niece wrote, pretty, "The little home 5 (paint) white.
【答案】 was painted
【解析】考查一般过去时的被动语态和主谓一致。句意：这个小房子被粉刷成白色。房子被粉刷，所以用
被动。动作发生在过去，所以用一般过去时。
5.【2021.1 浙江卷】 It is calculated by dividing a person’s weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a
BMI of between 19 and 25 4 (consider) healthy.
【答案】is considered
【解析】考查被动语态和主谓一致。句意：介于 19-25 的 BMI 数值被认为是健康的。分析句子结构 a BMI of between 19 and 25 (consider) healthy.可知 Consider 做谓语，主语是单数，根据句意谓语动词应为被动且时
态为一般现在时，故答案为 is considered。
6.【2021.1 浙江卷】In cities, however, the gain 6 (be) 1.3 in women and 1.6 in men.
【答案】 was
【解析】考查系动词。句意：然而在城市里， 女人增长数值是 1.3，男人增长为 1.6。分析句子结构可知主 the
gain 是单数且该句陈述过去研究数据时态为一般过去时，故答案为 was。
7.【2021.6 全国甲卷 改错】One of the questions are: Who will you go in times of trouble
【答案】 are 改为 is；
【解析】考查主谓一致。主语为 one of the questions，表示问题中的一个，是单数意义，谓语动词应为单数，
故 are 改为 is。
8 ．【2021 年北京卷】As it 13 (connect) things ，your brain tums them into a story,and you get a
dream .
【13 题详解】
考查时态。句意：当它连接事物时，你的大脑将它们变成一个故事，然后你就得到了一个梦。由主句谓语 动词 tums 可知，空处从句的谓语动词需用一般现在时态，主语是第三人称单数 it，所以空处谓语动词需用
单数。故填 connects。
9.【2021 年北京卷】There 17 (be) a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past
20 years, 18 (cause) largely by rising global temperatures, according to a new report from the United
Nations.
【17 题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：根据联合国的一份新报告，过去 20 年里，极端天气事件的数量急剧增加，这在很大 程度上是由全球气温上升造成的。根据时间状语 over the past 20 years 可知，此处使用现在完成时， a dramatic
rise 是单数感念，助动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填 has been。
10. 【2021 年天津卷第一次】We quite enough work for the morning; now let's take a break.
A ．have done B ．will do C ．had done D ．were doing
【答案】A
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：今天上午我们做的工作够多的了，现在让我们休息一下吧。根据后
半句“now let's take a break.”可知，做很多工作这件事情是从过去某个时间开始一直到现在，应用现在完成时。
故选 A。
9 ．【2021 年天津卷第一次】Currently, about 35,000 works in over 300 rooms in the Louvre, and it
would take a lifetime to see everything.
A ．were displaying B ．are displaying
C ．were being displayed D ．are being displayed
【答案】D
【详解】考查时态和语态和主谓一致。目前，大约有 35000 件作品陈列在卢浮宫的 300 多个展室里，要看 完所有的展品恐怕要花一辈子的时间。根据上文“Currently(目前)”可知，应该用现在进行时；display 与主语
works 之间为被动关系，所以用现在进行时的被动。故选 D。
(
2020
年
)
1.【2020 年新课标Ⅰ】＂This really excites scientists,＂ Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, "
because it 67. (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon 68. (construct) "
67. 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：“这真的使科学家们激动， ”布朗大学的一位科学家 Carle Pieters 说：“ 因为 它意味着我们有机会获得月球是如何构造的信息。 ”根据上文“This really excites scientists”可知， 此处也使用
一般现在时，主语是 it，所以空处谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式 means ，故填 means。
68. 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意同上。分析句子可知， 此处是宾语从句谓语动词， 谓语 construct 与主 语 the moon之间是被动关系， 应使用被动语态， 再由上下文可知此处应使用一般现在时， 主语 the moon 是
单数，故填 is constructed。
2.【2020 年新课标Ⅱ】 This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers 62. (carry) special significance.
62. 考查主谓一致。句意：这就是为什么用植物、水果和鲜花装饰具有特殊意义的原因。这是一个表语从句，
从句主语为动名词短语 decorating with plants, fruits and flowers，所以谓语动词用单数形式。故填 carries。
3. 【2020 全国Ⅲ卷】For example, every morning, my dad has to have a bowl of egg soup while I had to eat an
apple. My dad don’t like the soup and I don’t enjoy apples.
第六处：考查时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语 every morning，可知这里表示经常或反复发生的事情，用一
般现在时，主语为 I，谓语动词要用原形。所以 had 改成 have。
第七处：考查主谓一致。句意：我爸爸不喜欢汤，我也不喜欢苹果。表示经常或反复发生的事情，用一般
现在时。主语 my dad 是第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数，所以 don’t 改成 doesn’t。
4.【2020 年新高考全国Ⅰ 卷（山东卷）】 The parts of a museum open to the public 40. (call) galleries or
rooms. Often, only a small part of a museum’s collection 41. (be) on display. Most of it is stored away or used for
research.
40. 考查动词时态及语态和主谓一致。句意:博物馆对公众开放的部分被称为画廊或展厅。此处描述的是客 观使用，应使用一般现在时；主语与call 是逻辑动宾关系， 应使用被动语态， 且主语是复数概念。故填are called 。 41. 考查主谓一致。句意:通常，博物馆只展出一小部分藏品。此处描述的是客观事实，应使用一般现在时， 主语 a small part of a museum’s collection 是单数概念， 谓语动词应使用第三人称单数形式， 且后面的 Most of
it is stored away or used for research. 中的 is 也是提示。故填 is。
5.【2020 年浙江卷 1 月】Something significant is happening to the world population-it is aging. The median(中位 数的)age of an American in 1950 56 (be)30-today it is 41 and is expected 57to increase (increase)to 42
by 2050. ...
【56 题详解】
考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：1950 年美国人的中年年龄是 30 岁，今天是 41 岁，预计到 2050 年将增加 到 42 岁。结合上文 in 1950 可知应用一般过去时，且主语为 The median age of an American，故谓语动词应
用第三人称单数。故填 was。
6. 【2020 年新高考全国Ⅱ 卷(海南卷)】 Because the number of possible topics 43 （be）practically
limitless, we focus on a sample of the most interesting and useful applications and tools and explain the basic
principles of technology. Readers 44 （encourage）to continue exploring the digital world with the
guidance of 45_our （we ）Further Resources section featured in each volume.
【43 题详解】
考查主谓一致。句意：因为可能的主题的数量几乎是无限的，所以我们关注最有趣和最有用的应用程序和 工具的一个示例， 并解释技术的基本原理。the number of ……的数目， 后接可数名词的复数形式， 谓语动词
用单数。根据文章中的时态可知，用一般现在时。故填 is。
【44 题详解】
考查语态和主谓一致。句意：我们鼓励读者继续探索数字世界，并在每一卷的参考资料部分提供指导。主 语 Readers 与 encourage 之间为被动关系， 所以用被动语态。根据文章中的时态可知， 用一般现在时。故填 are
encouraged。
7.【2020 年北京卷】Oliver is a host of a TV programme on food. He says food 1 (play) a big role in his life. "
【1 题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：他说食物在他的生命中扮演着重要角色。此处表示现在的状态，也可以表示
从过去一直到现在延续的状态，所以可以用现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时和现在完成进行时。故填
plays/has played/is playing/has been playing。
8.【2020 年北京卷】Single-use plastic bags are used at most a few times before they 4 (throw) away.
【4 题详解】
考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意： 一次性塑料袋在扔掉之前最多使用几次。本文讲的是客观事实，应该用 一般现在时， 主语 they（Single-use plastic bags ）和谓语动词 throw 之间是被动关系， 应用一般现在时的被
动语态，且谓语动词用复数形式。故填 are thrown。
9.【2020 年浙江卷 7 月】And ，as more children were born ，more food 59 (need).
【59 题详解】
考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：随着越多的小孩出生，越多的食物被需要。分析句子，逻辑主语和 need 之间表示被动逻辑。同时此处描述的是过去的时间，所以时态应用过去时。故此处应用过去时的被动语态。
food 为不可数名词。故填 was needed。
10 【2020 年天津卷第一次】 —The machine is working again！
—Yes, it broke down yesterday, but it .
A. has been fixed B. is being fixed
C. had been fixed D. would be fixed
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：机器又运转了！是的，昨天机器出故障了，但已经被修好了。
通过分析语境可知，此处使用现在完成时，表示截至目前已经完成的动作。故选 A 项。
11. 【2020 年天津卷第一次】A survey carried out last year showed that 80% of the middle-aged in this city
in favour of the proposal on health care reform.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：去年进行的一项调查显示， 该市 80％的中年人赞成医疗改革的建 议。通过分析句子结构并翻译语境可知，主句时态为一般过去时，根据时态一致性可知从句中时态也为一 般过去时， 且从句中主语 80% of the middle-aged 是复数， 按照主谓一致原则， 因此使用 be 动词 were。故选
D 项。
12. 【 2020 年江 苏卷 】If you look at all sides of the situation, you’ll find probably a solution that
everyone.
A. suit B. suited C. suits D. has suited
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：如果你从各个方面看问题，你可能会找到一个适合每个人的解 决方案。句子描述的客观事实，应使用一般现在时；此处是定语从句谓语动词，先行词是 a solution，从句
谓语动词应使用第三人称单数形式。故选 C。
(
2019
年
)
1.【2019 年全国卷 Ⅰ】In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut 65 (report) increases in bear sightings
around human settlements, leading to a 66belief (believe) that populations are increasing. ...
Of 69 nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six 70 (be) stable,
one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
65. have reported
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。根据上下文语境，尤其是时间状语 in recent years 可知，主句用现在完成时
态，故填 have reported。
70. are【解析】考查主谓一致。根据 three are declining，此处数词 six 作主语，代指前文中的“polar bear
subpopulations”，故用复数谓语， 一般现在时，故填 are。
2.【2019 年全国卷Ⅱ】Irene said，“I don't see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family
and all the friends I 66 (make) over the years.”
66.【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。根据该定语从句中的时间状语“over the years”可知， 此处用现在完成
时态，句意：我喜欢到这里来看看我的家人和我这些年来交到的朋友们。故填 have made。
3.【2019 年全国卷Ⅱ】And the other is that I wanted to help people in need.
第十处：【解析】考查一般过去时。本篇文章使用的全是一般过去时，且与最后一句并列的“one was that …” 用的也是一般过去时， 所以最后一句话时态应为一般过去时。讲述当时做决定时的原因。故将 is 改为 was。
4.【2019 年全国卷 III】
... On the last day of our week-long stay，we 69 (invite)to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on
the North Shore under the stars ， 70listening (listen)to musicians and meeting interesting locals.
69.were invited
【解析】考查被动语态和主谓一致。由“on the last day of our week-long stay”可知，句子时态为一般过去时。
根据句意：我们被邀请去参加一场私人音乐会，所以用被动语态。主语为 we ，故填 were invited。
5.【2019 年全国卷 III】I've had many dreams since I was a child. Now my dream is to open a cafe. Though it may appear simple, it required a lot of ideas and efforts.
第二处： 【解析】考查动词的时态和主谓一致。短文的主体时态都是现代时。故把 required 改为 requires。
6.【2019 年北京卷】Does the name of the college you attend really matter？Research on the question
7 (suggest)that ，for most students ，it doesn't.
7.考查时态和主谓一致。句意：对于这个问题的研究表明，对于大多数学生来说，它不重要。这里表示研究
的客观结果，所以用现在时或一般过去时均可，故填 suggests/suggested/has suggested。
7. 【2019 年浙江卷 6 月】When every pupil in the school wears the uniform, nobody 56 (have) to worry
about fashion(时尚).
56. has/will have
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：当每个学生在校穿校服时，没有人会担心时尚问题。本句是 when 引 导的时间状语从句，遵循主将从现原则，因此，主句可以使用将来时 will do；根据语境可知，本文叙述的
是客观事实，因此，本句亦可用一般现在时，主语是 nobody，谓语用 has。故填 will have/has。
8. 【2018 年浙江卷 11 月】 You probably 56 (use) caffeine since childhood. Caffeine
57 (be) in your first Coke. If you ever enjoyed a chocolate bar, you ate caffeine.
56．考查时态语态和主谓一致。句中时间状语 since childhood 和现在完成时连用， 此处指你可能从小就摄入
咖啡因，表示动作从过去开始持续到现在或动作一直在进行，用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。故填 have
used/ have been using。
57 ．考查主谓一致。主语 Caffeine 是不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。此处表示一种事实可以用一般现在时。
也可以指小时候的事用一般过去时，故填 is (was)。
9.【2019 年江苏卷】The musician along with his band members ten performances in the last three
months.
A. gives B. has given C. have given D. give
22.B【解析】考查现在完成时与主谓一致。句意：在过去的三个月里，这名音乐家与他的乐队成员已经完成 了十场演出。由“in the last three months”可知， 这句话的时态为现在完成时， 故排除 AD 选项。本句主语为 the musician，为第三人称单数形式，句中的“along with his band members”是附加成分，故谓语动词要用第三人
称单数形式。故选 B。
10.【2019 年天津卷】Amy, as well as her brothers, a warm welcome when returning to the village
last week.
A. is given B. are given
C. was given D. were given
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查时态和语态和主谓一致。句意：艾米和他的兄弟们当上周回到村里时，受到了热烈的欢 迎。根据 last week 可知应用过去时， 排除选项 A 和 B 。as well as 连接并列主语， 谓语动词就前原则。这句
话真正的主语是 Amy，她受到热烈欢迎，所以用过去时的被动。故选 C。
