2024届高考高三英语复习—— 非谓语动词之过去分词
1. 三年真题过去分词考点细目表
时间 卷次 语法填空/短文改错/单项选择
2023 年 新高考 I 卷 语法填空: recognized 作定语
新高考 II 卷 语法填空: /
全国甲卷 语法填空: intended 作定语 短文改错： /
全国乙卷 语法填空: built 作定语 短文改错： /
北京卷 语法填空:seen 作状语
浙江卷 (1 月)语法填空: surrounded 作后置定语 (6 月)语法填空: /
天津卷 单项选择： /
2022 年 新高考 I 卷 语法填空: /
新高考 II 卷 语法填空: /
全国甲卷 语法填空:held 作后置定语 短文改错： /
全国乙卷 语法填空: / 短文改错： /
北京卷 语法填空: supported 作后置定语
浙江卷 (1 月)语法填空: / (6 月)语法填空: /
天津卷 单项选择： /
2021 年 新高考 I 卷 语法填空: /
新高考 II 卷 语法填空: /
全国甲卷 语法填空: / 短文改错： /
全国乙卷 语法填空: / 短文改错： /
北京卷 语法填空: caused 作后置定语
浙江卷 (1 月)语法填空: studied 作后置定语 (6 月)语法填空: /
天津卷 （第一次） 单项选择: focused 作表语 （第二次）单项选择: /
2. 命题规律及备考策略
【命题规律】
近 3 年高考卷对过去分词主要考查：
1 ．过去分词作状语；
2 ．过去分词作定语；
3. 过去分词作宾补；
4. 过去分词与现在分词的辨析。
【备考策略】
1. 熟练掌握过去分词的各种形式的意义和用法；
2. 系统归类过去分词的用法，尤其是过去分词作定语和状语。
【命题预测】
预测 2024 年高考过去分词的句法功能仍将是考查的重点热点。过去分词在语法填空、短文改错中必考点。
另外 V-ing 与 V-ed 的辨析仍然是考查重点。
(
非谓语动词基本概念
)
1）过去分词只有一种形式， 它所表示的动作是一个被动的或是已完成的动作。过去分词在句中也可用 作定语、表语、状语或宾补等成分。过去分词在句中作某种成分时，其逻辑主语一般为该分词所表示的动
作的承受者；或者表动作在谓语动词发生之前已经完成。
2）非谓语动词的句法功能：
功能 形式 主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 补语
不定式 v v v v v v
V-ing v v v v v v
V-ed v v v v
(
考点一
过去分词作状语
)
2 ．分词作状语(表时间、原因、条件、结果、方式或伴随、让步等)
(1)作状语的分词要求其逻辑主语与句子的主语保持一致。
Satisfied with what he did ，the teacher praised him in class.
由于老师对他所做的事情很满意，于是在班上表扬了他。
(2)如句子的主语是分词动作的承受者，则要用过去分词(done)。
Seen from the top of the mountain ，the city is very beautiful.
从山顶上看，这座城市很漂亮。
【知识拓展】
1. 现在分词与过去分词作状语在＂逻辑＂方面的差异：
(
过去分词作状语时，过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间通常构成逻辑上的动宾关系。
)现在分词作状语时，现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系。
Given more attention ，the trees could have grown better.如果对这些树多关心一些，它们本来会长得更好。
Not knowing what to do ，he went to his parents for help. 由于不知如何办是好，他去找父母帮忙。
2. 现在分词与过去分词作状语在＂时间＂方面的差异：
过去分词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前，或表示一种状态，与谓语动作同时发生或存在。现在分 词的一般式表示的动作与谓语动作同时发生或在说话时正在进行；现在分词的完成式(having done)表示发生 在谓语动作之前的一个＂主动＂动作；现在分词的完成式的被动式(having been done)表示发生在谓语动作之 前的一个＂被动＂动作，常常和表示次数的短语以及时间段(for 短语)连用，此时不能被过去分词所替换。
在其他情况下通常被过去分词所替换，从而使句式更简洁。
Written in a hurry ，this article was not so good！因为写得匆忙，这篇文章不是很好！
Reading carefully，he found something he had not known before.他仔细读书时， 发现了一些从前不知道的东
西。
Having been discussed several times ，the decision was finally made.进行了几次讨论之后，终于作出了决定。
部分过去分词因来源于系表结构，作状语时不表示 ＂被动关系＂， 其前不用 being。这样的过去分词及短 语常见的有：lost(陷入某种状态)；seated(坐)；hidden(躲)；stationed(驻扎)；lost/absorbed in (沉溺于)；dressed in(穿着)；tired of(厌烦)等。 Lost/Absorbed in deep thought ，he didn’t hear the sound. 因为沉溺于思考之中，所以他没听到那个声音。 Faced with difficulties ，we must try to overcome them.在遇到困难的时候，我们必须设法克服。
注意： 分词(短语) 作状语时， 其逻辑上的主语要与句子的主语保持一致；否则分词(短语)就要有自己的逻辑主语(用 名词或代词的主格来表示)。这种结构称为独立主格结构。独立主格结构常放在句首。表示时间、条件、原 因时，其作用分别相当于一个时间、条件、原因状语从句。表示伴随方式时，相当于一个并列句。 The signal given ，the bus started.信号一发出，汽车就开动了。 The football match(being) over ，crowds of people poured out into the street. 足球赛一结束，人群便涌到大街上。
1. 【2023 年北京卷】Mangroves, known as “red forest” in China, grow between land and sea, characterised by
their complex roots. When 14 (see) from afar, the mangrove forests appear more splendid.
2.（2023·湖北省腾云联盟八月联考） Its home port will be decided (base) on a host of factors,
including the nation’s security needs, the ship’s tasks and candidate ports’ support capacity.
1.（2023·湖南省部分校教育联盟摸底） (compare) to other genres, farmers painting in China is
relatively new.
2.（2023·广东省名校联盟高三大联考） (inspire) by this, three men in England staged the first modern
bungee jumps off a bridge in Bristol in 1979.
考点二 过去分词作补语
1 ．感官动词(词组)see ，watch ，observe ，look at ，notice ，hear ，listen to ，feel 的宾语补足语有四种形式，
以 see 为例：
I saw him leave a few minutes ago.
我看见他几分钟前离开了。
To learn English well ，we should find opportunities to hear English spoken as much as possible.
为了学好英语，我们应该尽可能多地找机会听英语。
2.使役动词 make ，let ，have ，get 后加复合宾语的情况
The teacher raised his voice in order to make himself heard.那个老师提高了嗓门以便别人能听到他。
Let those in need understand that we will go all out to help them.
让那些需要(帮助)的人明白我们会尽全力去帮他们。
He had the fire burning all night.他让火燃烧了一夜。
易混辨析
(1)现在分词作补足语 由延续性动词转化而来的现在分词作补足语，表示过程的一部分；而由瞬间性动词转化而来的现在分词 作宾语补足语，表示动作的反复。 I heard her singing when I passed by her room. 我路过她房间时，听到她正在唱歌。 (动作正在进行，宾语是动作的发出者) I found the topic being discussed everywhere then. 那时我发现人们在到处谈论这个话题。 (动作正在进行，宾语是动作的承受者) Are you listening to them quarrelling？ 你在听他们吵架吗？ (动作正在进行，宾语是动作的发出者) His remarks set me thinking. 他的话引起了我的深思。 (动作正在进行，宾语是动作的发出者) The explosion sent us running in all directions. 那次爆炸把我们吓得东奔西逃。 (动作正在进行，宾语是动作的发出者) (2)不定式作补语 ①不定式作补语，表示动作的全过程或者是动作已经结束。 Did you notice him leave the house？你看到他离开房间了吗？ I heard her say so.我听见她是这么说的。 ②某些动词短语后面接不定式作宾语补足语。此类短语有：call on ，rely on ，depend on ，wait for ，long for， vote for 等。 You can depend on her to be late.可以担保她必定迟到。 We are longing for the holiday to come.我们渴望着假日的到来。
。动词 think，consider，believe，find，feel，know，guess，prove，suppose，imagine 等词后面， 常接＂ to be +形容词(名词或反身代词)＂结构。 He’s thought to be one of the richest men in Europe. 人们认为他是欧洲最大的富翁之一。 Imagine yourself(to be)rich and famous.想象一下你又有钱，又有名的情况。
He tried to get his work recognized in the medical circles.他试图使他的工作在医学界被认可。
1. （2020·新课标 II 卷语法填空） They make great gifts and you see them many times 65 ． (decorate) with red
envelopes and messages of good fortune.
1.（2023·湖南省益阳市质量检测） With his accomplishments widely (acknowledge), Zheng He is
remembered as one of China’s most influential explorers.
2.（2023 届浙江省 91 高中联盟年高三 5 月高考模拟试卷） Chinese machinery giant Xu-zhou Construction Machinery Group has assigned its branch in Turkey to join the relief efforts, with dozens of pieces of equipment
(station) to help in the rescue work.
3.（2023·湖南省雅礼十六校第一次联考）Two things I did may have caused people to think that something is wrong with me. The first was when my wife asked me to have the sitting-room clock (repair). I drove
into the marketplace of our little town and, clock under arm, entered a shop. Only it was the meat shop.
考点三 过去分词作定语和表语
一、作定语
作定语用的过去分词相当于形容词，其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词。过去分词作定语分为前置和后置两
种情况。
1 ．前置定语
单个的过去分词作定语，通常放在被修饰的名词之前。由及物动词转化而来的过去分词作定语，表示" 被动和完成＂含义，或只具有＂被动＂含义；由不及物动词转化而来的过去分词作定语，只表＂完成＂含
义。
（1）被动和完成含义：
We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions. 我们必须使我们的思想适应改变了的情况。
（2）被动含义：
She is a respected teacher.她是一位受人尊敬的老师。
（3）完成含义：
They are cleaning the fallen leaves in the yard. 他们正在打扫院子里的落叶。
2.后置定语
过去分词短语作定语时，通常放在所修饰的名词之后，它的作用相当于一个定语从句。
This will be the best novel of its kind ever written ( ＝that has ever been written).
这将是这类小说中写得最好的。
Who were the socalled guests invited ( ＝who had been invited) to your party last night？
昨晚被邀请参加你的晚会的那些所谓的客人是谁呀？
Yesterday I bought a book published by Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press.
昨天我买了一本外语教学与研究出版社出版的书。
(
【易混辨析】
) (1)过去分词如果表示一种强烈的动作含义，单独使用也可以放在名词的后面。 The experience gained will be of great value to us. 取得的经验对我们很有价值。 By the end of the year ，the total money collected had come to 92 million dollars， all of which were sent to Africa. 到年底为止，筹集到的全部资金达到了 9,200 多万元，所有这些钱全都送往非洲了。 (2)由过去分词构成的合成词也可作定语。 The air-conditioned rooms are very comfortable in hot summer. 在炎热的夏天，装空调的房间非常舒服。 The newly-built building is our office building. 这座新建的大楼是我们的办公楼。 (3)过去分词作定语可分为限制性(紧跟在所修饰的词之后)和非限制性(用逗号与其所修 饰的词分开)两种，其作用相当于限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
(
)
) (
)
)
The funds (which/that have been) raised are mainly used for helping the homeless. 筹集的资金主要用于帮助那些无家可归者。 This book ，(which is)written in simple English ，is suitable for beginners to read. 这本书是使用浅显的英文写的，适合初学者阅读。
(
(2
其
) (
(1
) (
【易混辨析】
) (
动名词作定语，说明所修饰的名词的用途。
No
one
is
allowed
to
speak
aloud
in
the
reading
room
.
阅览室里不准大声说话。
There
is
a
swimming
pool
in
our
school
.
我们学校有一个游泳池。
现在分词作定语，通常放在所修饰的名词前面；现在分词短语则放在所修饰的名词后面
作用相当于一个定语从句。
He
is
a
promising
young
man
.
他是一个很有前途的青年。
Do
you
know
the
woman
(
who
is
)
sitting
at
the
end
of
the
room
？
你认识坐在房间后面的那位妇女吗？
) (
,
)
We must keep a secret of the things (which/that are) being discussed now.
对于现在所讨论的事情，我们必须保守秘密。
(
(3)
不定式作定语，位于所修饰的词后，通常表示将来发生的动作。当名词前有形容词的最高
)
(
级或序数词修饰时，
只能采用不定式作后置定语。此外，
作定语的不定式与所修饰的词之间存
)
(
在逻辑上的＂主谓＂、＂动宾＂或＂同位＂三种关系。如果作定语的不定式为不及物动
词，
其
)
(
后要加相应的介词。
)
Our monitor is the first to arrive.我们的班长是第一个到达的人。 (主谓关系)
The question to be discussed at tomorrow’s meeting is of great importance.
明天会议上将要讨论的问题非常重要。 (动宾关系)
I have a lot of work to do.我有许多事要做。 (动宾关系)
Their decision to give up the experiment surprised us.
他们放弃这个实验的决定使我们吃惊。 (同位关系)
They have no happiness to speak of.他们没有什么幸福可言。
二、 作表语
过去分词作表语时，它们大多数是已经形容词化的，而且大多数是与心理状态有联系的词，表示主语所处
的状态或感受。过去分词多用来修饰人、人的声音或表情。
She is interested in the story.
她对那个故事感兴趣。
Her voice sounded excited.
她的声音听起来很兴奋。
现在分词表示主动意义， 即“令人有某种感觉 ”，现在分词与中心词构成逻辑上的主谓关系， 其过去分词含
有被动意味，即“人被引起某种感觉 ”。
现在分词 主动意义 过去分词 被动意义
exciting 令人兴奋的， 激动人心的 excited 兴奋的，激动的
frightening 吓人的 frightened 受惊吓的
disappointing 令人失望的 disappointed 感到失望的， 失望的
pleasing 令人高兴的 pleased 高兴的，满意的
satisfying 令人满意的 satisfied 感到满意的
surprising 令人惊讶的 surprised 感到惊讶的
moving 令人感动的 moved 受感动的，感动的
interesting 有趣的 interested 感兴趣的
amusing 有趣的，给人娱乐的 amused 感到有意思的
puzzling 令人迷惑不解的 puzzled 感到困惑不解的
encouraging 令人鼓舞的 encouraged 受到鼓舞的
tiring 令人厌倦的/劳累的 tired 感到疲倦的
convincing 令人信服的 convinced 感到信服的
1.（2023·新高考Ⅰ卷 语法填空）Shanghai may be the (recognize) home of the soup dumplings but
food historians will actually point you to the neighbouring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long bao’s birthplace.
2.（2023·1 月新高考浙江卷 语法填空） In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Forbidden City,
(surround)in concentric(同心的)circles by the Inner City and Outer City.
1.（2023 届湖北省高三年级 5 月份联考试题）Among the items, there are 65 articles of bronze chime-bells
(preserve) in good condition.
2.（2023·江苏省镇江市调研） A folk music piece (title) “Picturesque Zhejiang” raised the curtains to
the opening ceremony of this event, featuring typical elements of Zhejiang, such as silk, tea, bamboo, and poetry.
3.(2023·湖南省长沙市第一中学模拟) “From Beijing to Guangzhou, I have met students who are learning our
language, enthusiastic young people, businessmen keen to innovate, and artists (inspire) by France.
考点四 动词的独立主格结构
独立主格结构指带有自己主语的非谓语动词分句和无动词分句。它在语法上有自己的逻辑主语，结构上与
主句不发生关系。其作用相当于状语从句。有时也用 with 复合结构(with＋宾语＋宾语补足语)作状语。
一独立主格结构
独立结构可分为两部分， 一部分事名词或代词（主格），起着逻辑主语的作用；另一部分由形容词、副
词、名词、分词、不定式、介词短语等构成，表示前面名词或代词的状态或动作。
1. 名词/代词+形容词
I heard that she got injured in the accident , my heart full of worry. 我听说她在这次事故中受了伤， 内心充
满担忧。
He stood silent in the moon-light, his door open .月光下，门开着，他默默地站在那。
2. 名词/代词+现在分词
Winter coming ，it gets colder and colder. 冬天来了，天气越来越冷了。
The rain having stopped ,he went out for a walk. 雨停了，他出去散散步。
3. 名词/代词+过去分词
More time given ,we should have done it much better. 如果给我们更多时间，我们会做的更好。
The boy stood there , his right hand raised. 那个男生站在那里，右手高举。
4. 名词/代词（主格） +不定式
Here are the first two volumes , the third one to come out next month.
这是前俩卷，第三卷将于下雨问世。
The two boy said good-bye to each other ,one to go home ,the other to go to his friend\s
俩个男孩彼此道了别， 一个回了家，另一个去了他朋友家。
5. 名词/代词+介词短语
The huntsman entered the forest ,gun in hand. 那个猎人手里提着枪走进了树林。
注意：这里 gun in hand 还可以说成 with a gun in hand 。 但不可以说 a gun in hand 或 gun in his hand。
6. 名词/代词+副词
Nobody in ,the thief took a lot of things away. 由于没有人，小偷拿走了许多东西。
Lunch over ,he left the house .But he was thinking.午饭结束，他离开了路。但他还在考虑。
7. 名词/代词+名词
He fought the wolf,a stick his only weapon. 他和狼搏斗着，唯一的为武器是一根棍棒。
8. with 复合结构
它的构成是：“with+宾语+宾语补足语”。宾语由代词、名词、名词词组充当， 宾语由分词、不定式、形容词、
副词、介词短语、名词等充当。
Holms and Watson sat with the light on for half an hour.
福尔摩斯和沃森坐着，让灯亮了半个小时。（介词短语）
He used to sleep with the door open . 他过去常开着门睡觉 （形容词）
With a boy leading the way ,they started towards the village.
由一个小男孩领着路，他们朝那个村子去了。（现在分词）
With the work done ,he went home. 工作做完后，他回了家。（过去分词）
With you to help us, we will finish the task in time
有你来帮忙，我们将会及时完成任务。（不定式）
HongKong looks more beautiful with thou-sands of lights on night .
夜里，香港万盏灯火，分外美丽。（副词）
从以上例句可以看出：在 with 复合结构中，宾语和宾补之间形成逻辑上的主谓关系。当这种主谓关系表现 为主动语态是，用现代分词：当这种主谓关系表现为被动语态是，用过去分词：当这种主谓关系表示将来
意义是，用不定时：当这种主谓关系辨识伴随意义时，用现在分词或副词。
二、独立主格结构的用法
它表示谓语动词发生的时间、原因、条件或伴随情况等，相当于一个状语从句或并列句。
1. 作时间状语
The work done(=After the work had been done) , we went home. 工作完成后，我们才回家。
2. 作条件状语
Weather permitting( ＝If weather permits) , they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow.
如果天气允许的话，他们将在明天组织一次海滨小游。
3. 作原因状语
An important lecture to be given tomorrow(=As an important lecture will be given tomorrow) , the professor has
to stay up late into the night. 因为明天要发表一个重要的演讲，教授不得不熬夜到很晚。
4. 作伴随状语
He was lying on the grass, his hands crossed under his head(=and his hands were crossed under his head) .
他躺在草地上，两手交叉枕在脑后。
5. 表补充说明
A hunter came in, his face red with cold(=and his face was red with cold) .
一个猎人走了进来，他的脸冻得通红。
注：独立主格结构表示时间、条件或原因时，相当于一个状语从句， 一般放在句首，表示原因时还可放在
句末；表伴随状况或补充说明时，相当于一个并列句，通常放于句末。
二with 的复合结构
with 复合结构(with＋宾语＋宾语补足语)作状语，
With time passing by, he almost forgot everything in the past.(time 和 pass by 之间为主动关系)
随着时间的流逝，他几乎忘记了过去所有的事情。
He lay on his back, with his teeth set and his eyes closed.
他仰卧着，咬着牙、闭着眼。 (teeth 与 set ，以及 eyes 与 close 之间都为被动关系)
注意：“with＋宾语＋to do”结构中，如 with 译为“有” 的意思，不定式表将要发生的动作且与宾语之间存
在被动关系，此时用不定式的主动形式表被动含义。
With a lot of problems to solve, the newly elected president will have a hard time.
有许多问题要解决，这个新选出的总统将有一段艰难的时期。
1. The classrooms are well-equipped, some (measure) 4 meters by 6 meters.
2 ．Time (permit), I will go to Hong Kong for shopping. （所给词的适当形式填空）
3 ． , we have to get down to the papers right away.
A ．There was no time left; mark B ．There is no time left; being marked
C ．As there was no time left; marking D ．There being no time left; marking
1. So many problems (remain) to be settled, I’m in a tight corner.
2 ．Jim was listening attentively to the lecture, all his attention (fix) on it.
3 ．The dirty clothes , the girl hung them up outside.
A ．was washed B ．washed C ．were washed D ．having washed
过关检测
一、语法填空
1.（2023·粤湘鄂名校联盟高三第一次联考）His ceramic works, both functional and sculptural, are full of
elements of fashion, humor, and character (paint) on with traditional Chinese ink.
2.（2023·广东省高三开学大联考）Food (make)of wheat flour is the staple(主食)for people living in
the north, while rice is the main staple in the south.
3.（2023·河南省名校联考高三 5 月模拟） A lot of us may be still recovering from antisocial habits
(form) in the tough time.
4.（2023·北京市通州区统考） (affect) by the high temperatures, some areas experienced drought and
a decrease in agricultural production.
5.（2023·山东省青岛市测试）Felix B ck, a student at the University of British Columbia, was eager to find a way to recycle wood from construction projects, and he had a particular interest in bamboo. One day he found a
drawer in his friend’s house (fill) with disposable bamboo chopsticks, and an idea hit him.
7.（2023·河北省秦皇岛市部分学校摸底）Huang Shihui from Xiangcheng Middle School, Hubei, won the first
prize for her painting (title) China in the Rubik’s Cube.
8.（2023 届湖北省高三年级 5 月份联考试题）Among the items, there are 65 articles of bronze chime-bells
(preserve) in good condition.
9.（2023·湖南省三湘创新发展联合调研）The large mural (壁画) (create)by Lau in 2020 during the
COVID-19 pandemic is a monument to the disastrous moments the human race faced in 2020, which shows if we
work together, we can win any battle.
10.（2023·山西省高三 1 月适应性调研考试（一模））The new rocket will be 90 meters tall, and able to lift 27 tonnes of payload(有效载荷) to the lunar orbit, CGTN learned from the Airshow China (hold) in south
China’s Zhuhai City earlier this month, during which a model of the rocket .
11.（2023·浙江省名校协作体开学考试）The project won a prize at China Thinks Big, a competition (hold) by Harvard and Tsinghua University to encourage teenagers to explore important global issues and focus on
solutions.
12.（2023·) Lin said a friend got him (involve) in dragonboat racing over a decade ago. In 2018,
they to host their own festival.
13.（2023·江苏省常州市期中）An image (generate) with an AI system called Midjourney recently
won an art competition at the Colorado State Fair, and caused an uproar (怨愤) among artists.
14.(2023·江苏省南通徐州市等 5 地高三三模试题) This precious small output of tea, widely (seek) after for its outstanding quality, is called Mingqian tea. 15.（2023·江苏省南京市南京市第一中学期中）The researchers found that in these areas, there were still fewer seedlings (compare) to sites that didn’t have
compressors added to speed up gas extraction.
16.（2023·广东省名校联盟高三大联考） (base)on the Open University of China, the National
University for the Aged is a national education resource-sharing platform for senior citizens aged 60 or above, whose curriculum extensively ranges from foreign languages and computer skills to photography, cooking and
other skills.
17.（2023·江苏省淮安市两校（楚州中学、新马中学） 联考）】As a child, Qiao Yu, (influence) by his father, read books about traditional Chinese culture and recited Chinese poems. He only started school at the
age of nine due to his family impoverishment.
18.(2023·浙江省金丽衢十二校联考）19.（2023·江苏省泰州中学调研）However, now machine (design) to make artificial snow are quite advanced. They can make different kinds of snow depending on what’s
needed for each sport.
20.（2023·浙江省强基联盟仿真密卷） To date, the Palace Museum Calendar has been published continuously
for twelve years with 4, 000, 000 copies (sell).
22.(2023 届湖南省长沙市雅礼中学高三下学期模拟试题) The Forbidden City, also (refer) to as t
he Palace Museum in the modern days, is located in the heart of Beijing.
23.（2023·河北省石家庄部分重点高中联考） At the United Nations Climate Change Conference, or
COP27, (hold) this November in Egypt, many ocean problems and some possible solutions came into
focus.
24.（2023·江苏省南通市海门实验学校调研二）By the 1860s, she may have included scissors, a purse, and a magnifying glass. She would have worn these in the form of a chatelaine-a series of small purses (attach)
to the waist.
25.(2023·湖南省长沙市雅礼中学模拟) The Forbidden City, also (refer) to as the Palace Museu
m in the modern days, is located in the heart of Beijing.
二、单项选择
1 ．（2023·天津南开 · 南开中学校考模拟预测）The disabled guy was attended throughout his school day by a nurse
to guard him.
A ．to appoint B ．having appointed C ．appointing D ．appointed
2 ．（2023·天津 ·耀华中学校考二模） in scientific research, the new treatment offers hope for patients
with rare diseases.
A ．Rooted B ．Rooting C ．Having rooted D ．To be rooted
3 ．（2023·天津河西 · 统考三模） by the beauty of nature, the girl from the big city decided to stay in the
countryside with her parents for another week.
A ．Attracted B ．Attracting C ．Having attracted D ．To attract
4 ．（2023·天津北辰 · 统考模拟预测） I’ve been dreaming of becoming a writer since I was a teenager, but it seems
hard to get a book .
A ．publishing B ．having published
C ．published D ．to be published
5 ．（2023·天津滨海新 · 统考三模） The recent TV series Three-Body, from Liu Cixin’s sci-fi book, has
impressed audiences with its splendid visual effects.
A ．adapted B ．to be adapted C ．adapting D ．having adapted
6 ．（2023·天津红桥 · 统考二模） Apparently, due to the new policy, years before, food waste has much
decreased since last year.
A ．to compare with
B ．comparing with
C ．being compared with
D ．compared with
7 ．（2023·天津河北 · 统考二模）We should improve our ability to engage in international communication to tell the
stories of China well and make the voice of China globally.
A ．hearing B ．to hear C ．having heard D ．heard
8 ．（2023·天津南开 · 统考二模） with two job offers, we may wonder exactly what it is we’ re choosing
between.
A ．Having presented B ．To be presented C ．Presenting D ．Presented
9 ．（2023·天津河东 · 统考二模） My first English teacher Ms. Wang has retired, but she still remembers the happy
time with us students.
A ．to spend B ．spend C ．spending D ．spent
10 ．（2023·天津 · 校联考一模） According to a study in the magazine Science, the changes in the sounds of
our oceans, seas, and other waterways affect many sea animals.
A ．publishing B ．published C ．having published D ．to publish
11 ．（2023 秋 · 天津西青 · 高三天津市西青区杨柳青第一中学校考期末）You need to get them that you want
to see the plan out next month.
A ．understand; carried B ．to understand; carrying
C ．understand; carrying D ．to understand; carried
12 ．（2023·河南郑州 · 郑州外国语学校校考模拟预测） With all his attention on his work, he barely has
any time for his family.
A ．fixing B ．fixed C ．having fixed D ．is fixed
真题演练
(
2023
年
)
1.【2023 年全国乙卷】From Buddhist temples to museums, narrow hutong 41to royal palaces, it is home to more than 3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout, with the city keeping its carefully 42
(build) system of ring roads.
2.【2023 年新高考全国Ⅰ卷】Shanghai may be the 39 (recognize) home of the soup dumplings but food
historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long hao’s birthplace.
3.【2023 年全国甲卷】Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message 46 (intend) for everyone. 【2023 年北京卷】Mangroves, known as “red forest” in China, grow between land and sea, characterised by their
complex roots. When 14 (see) from afar, the mangrove forests appear more splendid.
4. 【2023 年浙江卷 1 月】In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Forbidden City, 58 (surround)in
concentric(同心的)circles by the Inner City and Outer City.
(
2022
年
)
1.【2022 全国甲卷】Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation (hold) in
Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road.
2. 【 2022 年北京卷 】Why do humans prefer some smells over others One theory, increasingly 14
(support) by experts, suggests that smell preferences are learned.
(
2021
年
)
1.【2021.1 浙江卷】In 1985, urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries 7 (study)
had higher BMIs than men and women in rural areas.
2. 【2021 年北京卷】There 17has been (be) a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over
the past 20 years, 18 (cause) largely by rising global temperatures, according to a new report from the
United Nations.
3.【2021 年天津卷第一次】While rock-climbing, you need to remain very so that you won't make any
dangerous errors.
A ．satisfied B ．focused C ．amused D ．delighted
(
2020
年
)
1.【2020 年新课标Ⅰ】 I like eating frying tomatoes with eggs, and I thought it must to be easy to cook. My mom
told me how to preparing it.
2.【2020 年新课标Ⅱ】They make great gifs and you see them many times 65. (decorate) with red envelopes and
messages of good fortune.
3.【2020 年新课标Ⅲ】My mom is really concerning with the health of everyone in our families. ...
4. 【2020 年浙江卷 1 月】The first is declining birthrates, which means old generations are large 60
(compare) to younger generations, and so, on average, the population becomes 61 (old) than before.
5.【2020 年北京卷】A piece of stone 8 (find) on a Dutch beach suggests that our extinct human relatives,
known as Neanderthals, were cleverer than previously thought.
6. 【2020 年天津卷第一次】 in 1931, the Empire State Building, the highest skyscraper until 1954,
inspired the imagination of the world.
A. Having completed B. Being completed
C. Completed D. Completing
7.【2020 年江苏卷】 Technological innovations, good marketing, will promote the sales of these products.
A. combined with B. combining with C. having combined with D. to be combined with
(
2019
)
1.【2019 年全国卷Ⅱ】 One was that I was amazing at the fact that a sick person could feel much more better after seeing a doctor. 2.【2019 年北京卷】Earth Day ， 4 (mark)on 22 April ，is an annual event aiming to raise
public awareness about environmental protection.
3.【2018 年浙江卷 11 月】 Larger amounts of caffeine can cause a problem 62 (call) caffeinism. You
get very nervous and you can’t sleep.
4.【2019 年天津卷】Most colleges now offer first-year students a course specially to help them
succeed academically and personally.
A. designed B. designing
C. to design D. being designed2024届高考高三英语复习—— 非谓语动词之过去分词
1. 三年真题过去分词考点细目表
时间 卷次 语法填空/短文改错/单项选择
2023 年 新高考 I 卷 语法填空: recognized 作定语
新高考 II 卷 语法填空: /
全国甲卷 语法填空: intended 作定语 短文改错： /
全国乙卷 语法填空: built 作定语 短文改错： /
北京卷 语法填空:seen 作状语
浙江卷 (1 月)语法填空: surrounded 作后置定语 (6 月)语法填空: /
天津卷 单项选择： /
2022 年 新高考 I 卷 语法填空: /
新高考 II 卷 语法填空: /
全国甲卷 语法填空:held 作后置定语 短文改错： /
全国乙卷 语法填空: / 短文改错： /
北京卷 语法填空: supported 作后置定语
浙江卷 (1 月)语法填空: / (6 月)语法填空: /
天津卷 单项选择： /
2021 年 新高考 I 卷 语法填空: /
新高考 II 卷 语法填空: /
全国甲卷 语法填空: / 短文改错： /
全国乙卷 语法填空: / 短文改错： /
北京卷 语法填空: caused 作后置定语
浙江卷 (1 月)语法填空: studied 作后置定语 (6 月)语法填空: /
天津卷 （第一次） 单项选择: focused 作表语 （第二次）单项选择: /
2. 命题规律及备考策略
【命题规律】
近 3 年高考卷对过去分词主要考查：
1 ．过去分词作状语；
2 ．过去分词作定语；
3. 过去分词作宾补；
4. 过去分词与现在分词的辨析。
【备考策略】
1. 熟练掌握过去分词的各种形式的意义和用法；
2. 系统归类过去分词的用法，尤其是过去分词作定语和状语。
【命题预测】
预测 2024 年高考过去分词的句法功能仍将是考查的重点热点。过去分词在语法填空、短文改错中必考点。
另外 V-ing 与 V-ed 的辨析仍然是考查重点。
(
非谓语动词基本概念
)
1）过去分词只有一种形式， 它所表示的动作是一个被动的或是已完成的动作。过去分词在句中也可用 作定语、表语、状语或宾补等成分。过去分词在句中作某种成分时，其逻辑主语一般为该分词所表示的动
作的承受者；或者表动作在谓语动词发生之前已经完成。
2）非谓语动词的句法功能：
功能 形式 主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 补语
不定式 v v v v v v
V-ing v v v v v v
V-ed v v v v
(
考点一
过去分词作状语
)
2 ．分词作状语(表时间、原因、条件、结果、方式或伴随、让步等)
(1)作状语的分词要求其逻辑主语与句子的主语保持一致。
Satisfied with what he did ，the teacher praised him in class.
由于老师对他所做的事情很满意，于是在班上表扬了他。
(2)如句子的主语是分词动作的承受者，则要用过去分词(done)。
Seen from the top of the mountain ，the city is very beautiful.
从山顶上看，这座城市很漂亮。
【知识拓展】
1. 现在分词与过去分词作状语在＂逻辑＂方面的差异：
(
过去分词作状语时，过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间通常构成逻辑上的动宾关系。
)现在分词作状语时，现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系。
Given more attention ，the trees could have grown better.如果对这些树多关心一些，它们本来会长得更好。
Not knowing what to do ，he went to his parents for help. 由于不知如何办是好，他去找父母帮忙。
2. 现在分词与过去分词作状语在＂时间＂方面的差异：
过去分词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前，或表示一种状态，与谓语动作同时发生或存在。现在分 词的一般式表示的动作与谓语动作同时发生或在说话时正在进行；现在分词的完成式(having done)表示发生 在谓语动作之前的一个＂主动＂动作；现在分词的完成式的被动式(having been done)表示发生在谓语动作之 前的一个＂被动＂动作，常常和表示次数的短语以及时间段(for 短语)连用，此时不能被过去分词所替换。
在其他情况下通常被过去分词所替换，从而使句式更简洁。
Written in a hurry ，this article was not so good！因为写得匆忙，这篇文章不是很好！
Reading carefully，he found something he had not known before.他仔细读书时， 发现了一些从前不知道的东
西。
Having been discussed several times ，the decision was finally made.进行了几次讨论之后，终于作出了决定。
部分过去分词因来源于系表结构，作状语时不表示 ＂被动关系＂， 其前不用 being。这样的过去分词及短 语常见的有：lost(陷入某种状态)；seated(坐)；hidden(躲)；stationed(驻扎)；lost/absorbed in (沉溺于)；dressed in(穿着)；tired of(厌烦)等。 Lost/Absorbed in deep thought ，he didn’t hear the sound. 因为沉溺于思考之中，所以他没听到那个声音。 Faced with difficulties ，we must try to overcome them.在遇到困难的时候，我们必须设法克服。
注意： 分词(短语) 作状语时， 其逻辑上的主语要与句子的主语保持一致；否则分词(短语)就要有自己的逻辑主语(用 名词或代词的主格来表示)。这种结构称为独立主格结构。独立主格结构常放在句首。表示时间、条件、原 因时，其作用分别相当于一个时间、条件、原因状语从句。表示伴随方式时，相当于一个并列句。 The signal given ，the bus started.信号一发出，汽车就开动了。 The football match(being) over ，crowds of people poured out into the street. 足球赛一结束，人群便涌到大街上。
1. 【2023 年北京卷】Mangroves, known as “red forest” in China, grow between land and sea, characterised by
their complex roots. When 14 (see) from afar, the mangrove forests appear more splendid.
【14 题详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：从远处看，红树林显得更加壮观。逗号前面是 when 引导的状语 从句的省略， 当状语从句和主句主语是同一主语时， 且从句含有 be 动词， 从句可以省略主语和 be 动词。在 从句中，主语为 the mangrove forests，和动词 see 是被动关系，从句应用一般现在时的被动语态，完整形式
为 when they are seen from afar，省略主语和 be 动词，故填 seen。
2.（2023·湖北省腾云联盟八月联考） Its home port will be decided (base) on a host of factors,
including the nation’s security needs, the ship’s tasks and candidate ports’ support capacity.
【答案】based
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：它的母港将根据国家的安保需要、任务、候选港口的支援能力等多种因
素来决定。短语 be based on表示“根据” ，此处省略 be 动词，用过去分词作状语。故填 based。
1.（2023·湖南省部分校教育联盟摸底） (compare) to other genres, farmers painting in China is
relatively new.
【答案】Compared
【解析】考查过去分词。句意：与其他体裁相比，农民画在中国是相对较新的。分析可知，句中谓语是 is，
空格处用非谓语动词，farmers painting 和 compare 之间是逻辑动宾关系，因此空格处用过去分词表被动，
compared to“与…… 比较” ，也是固定短语，位于句首，首字母大写，故填 Compared。
2.（2023·广东省名校联盟高三大联考） (inspire) by this, three men in England staged the first modern
bungee jumps off a bridge in Bristol in 1979.
【答案】Inspired
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：受此启发，三名英国男子于 1979 年在布里斯托尔的一座桥上进行了第一 次现代蹦极。分析句子可知， 此处为非谓语动词作状语， 主语 three men 与 inspire 之间为逻辑上的被动关系，
应用过去分词作状语。故填 Inspired。
(
考点二
过去分词作补语
)
1 ．感官动词(词组)see ，watch ，observe ，look at ，notice ，hear ，listen to ，feel 的宾语补足语有四种形式，
以 see 为例：
I saw him leave a few minutes ago.
我看见他几分钟前离开了。
To learn English well ，we should find opportunities to hear English spoken as much as possible.
为了学好英语，我们应该尽可能多地找机会听英语。
2.使役动词 make ，let ，have ，get 后加复合宾语的情况
The teacher raised his voice in order to make himself heard.那个老师提高了嗓门以便别人能听到他。
Let those in need understand that we will go all out to help them.
让那些需要(帮助)的人明白我们会尽全力去帮他们。
He had the fire burning all night.他让火燃烧了一夜。
易混辨析
(1)现在分词作补足语 由延续性动词转化而来的现在分词作补足语，表示过程的一部分；而由瞬间性动词转化而来的现在分词 作宾语补足语，表示动作的反复。 I heard her singing when I passed by her room. 我路过她房间时，听到她正在唱歌。 (动作正在进行，宾语是动作的发出者) I found the topic being discussed everywhere then.
那时我发现人们在到处谈论这个话题。 (动作正在进行，宾语是动作的承受者) Are you listening to them quarrelling？ 你在听他们吵架吗？ (动作正在进行，宾语是动作的发出者) His remarks set me thinking. 他的话引起了我的深思。 (动作正在进行，宾语是动作的发出者) The explosion sent us running in all directions. 那次爆炸把我们吓得东奔西逃。 (动作正在进行，宾语是动作的发出者) (2)不定式作补语 ①不定式作补语，表示动作的全过程或者是动作已经结束。 Did you notice him leave the house？你看到他离开房间了吗？ I heard her say so.我听见她是这么说的。 ②某些动词短语后面接不定式作宾语补足语。此类短语有：call on ，rely on ，depend on ，wait for ，long for， vote for 等。 You can depend on her to be late.可以担保她必定迟到。 We are longing for the holiday to come.我们渴望着假日的到来。 ③动词 think，consider，believe，find，feel，know，guess，prove，suppose，imagine 等词后面， 常接＂ to be +形容词(名词或反身代词)＂结构。 He’s thought to be one of the richest men in Europe. 人们认为他是欧洲最大的富翁之一。 Imagine yourself(to be)rich and famous.想象一下你又有钱，又有名的情况。
He tried to get his work recognized in the medical circles.他试图使他的工作在医学界被认可。
1. （2020·新课标 II 卷语法填空） They make great gifts and you see them many times 65 ． (decorate) with red
envelopes and messages of good fortune.
【答案】 decorated
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：它们是很好的礼物， 你会经常看到它们装饰着红包和好运的信息。句中 them
指代前句中的 orange trees，与 decorate 之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填 decorated。
1.（2023·湖南省益阳市质量检测） With his accomplishments widely (acknowledge), Zheng He is
remembered as one of China’s most influential explorers.
【答案】acknowledged
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：他的成就被广泛认可；郑和被认为是中国最具影响力的探险家之一。分
析句子可知， 本句有谓语 is remembered，空处填非谓语动词；此处考查 with 的复合结构， 即“with+宾+宾补”
的结构，宾语 his accomplishments 和 acknowledge 之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作宾补。故填
acknowledged。
2.（2023 届浙江省 91 高中联盟年高三 5 月高考模拟试卷） Chinese machinery giant Xu-zhou Construction Machinery Group has assigned its branch in Turkey to join the relief efforts, with dozens of pieces of equipment
(station) to help in the rescue work.
【答案】stationed
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：中国机械巨头许州工程机械集团已指派其在土耳其的分公司加入救援工 作，并部署了数十台设备来帮助救援工作。分析句子结构和意思可知， 动词 station 和被修饰的名词 equipment
是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用过去分词形式，表示被动，作补语。故填 stationed。
3.（2023·湖南省雅礼十六校第一次联考）Two things I did may have caused people to think that something is wrong with me. The first was when my wife asked me to have the sitting-room clock (repair). I drove
into the marketplace of our little town and, clock under arm, entered a shop. Only it was the meat shop.
【答案】repaired
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：第一次是我妻子让我把客厅的钟修好。根据下文可知，此处表示让别人
修钟，应用 have sth. done“（主语）请/派别人完成某事” ，过去分词作宾语补足语。故填 repaired。
(
考点三
过去分词作定语和表语
)
一、作定语
作定语用的过去分词相当于形容词，其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词。过去分词作定语分为前置和后置两
种情况。
1 ．前置定语
单个的过去分词作定语，通常放在被修饰的名词之前。由及物动词转化而来的过去分词作定语，表示"
被动和完成＂含义，或只具有＂被动＂含义；由不及物动词转化而来的过去分词作定语，只表＂完成＂含
义。
（1）被动和完成含义：
We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions. 我们必须使我们的思想适应改变了的情况。
（2）被动含义：
She is a respected teacher.她是一位受人尊敬的老师。
（3）完成含义：
They are cleaning the fallen leaves in the yard. 他们正在打扫院子里的落叶。
2.后置定语
过去分词短语作定语时，通常放在所修饰的名词之后，它的作用相当于一个定语从句。
This will be the best novel of its kind ever written ( ＝that has ever been written).
这将是这类小说中写得最好的。
Who were the socalled guests invited ( ＝who had been invited) to your party last night？
昨晚被邀请参加你的晚会的那些所谓的客人是谁呀？
Yesterday I bought a book published by Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press.
昨天我买了一本外语教学与研究出版社出版的书。
(
【易混辨析】
) (1)过去分词如果表示一种强烈的动作含义，单独使用也可以放在名词的后面。 The experience gained will be of great value to us. 取得的经验对我们很有价值。 By the end of the year ，the total money collected had come to 92 million dollars， all of which were sent to Africa. 到年底为止，筹集到的全部资金达到了 9,200 多万元，所有这些钱全都送往非洲了。 (2)由过去分词构成的合成词也可作定语。 The air-conditioned rooms are very comfortable in hot summer. 在炎热的夏天，装空调的房间非常舒服。 The newly-built building is our office building. 这座新建的大楼是我们的办公楼。
(
)
) (
)
) (3)过去分词作定语可分为限制性(紧跟在所修饰的词之后)和非限制性(用逗号与其所修 饰的词分开)两种，其作用相当于限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。 The funds (which/that have been) raised are mainly used for helping the homeless. 筹集的资金主要用于帮助那些无家可归者。
(
(1
) (
(2
其
) (
【易混辨析】
) (
动名词作定语，说明所修饰的名词的用途。
No
one
is
allowed
to
speak
aloud
in
the
reading
room
.
阅览室里不准大声说话。
There
is
a
swimming
pool
in
our
school
.
我们学校有一个游泳池。
现在分词作定语，通常放在所修饰的名词前面；现在分词短语则放在所修饰的名词后面
作用相当于一个定语从句。
He
is
a
promising
young
man
.
他是一个很有前途的青年。
Do
you
know
the
woman
(
who
is
)
sitting
at
the
end
of
the
room
？
你认识坐在房间后面的那位妇女吗？
We
must
keep
a
secret
of
the
things
(
which
/
that
are
)
being
discussed
now
.
对于现在所讨论的事情，我们必须保守秘密。
) (
,
)
(
(3)
不定式作定语，位于所修饰的词后，通常表示将来发生的动作。当名词前有形容词的最高
)
(
级或序数词修饰时，
只能采用不定式作后置定语。此外，
作定语的不定式与所修饰的词之间存
)
(
在逻辑上的＂主谓＂、＂动宾＂或＂同位＂三种关系。如果作定语的不定式为不及物动
词，
其
)
(
后要加相应的介词。
)
Our monitor is the first to arrive.我们的班长是第一个到达的人。 (主谓关系)
The question to be discussed at tomorrow’s meeting is of great importance.
明天会议上将要讨论的问题非常重要。 (动宾关系)
I have a lot of work to do.我有许多事要做。 (动宾关系)
Their decision to give up the experiment surprised us.
他们放弃这个实验的决定使我们吃惊。 (同位关系)
They have no happiness to speak of.他们没有什么幸福可言。
二、 作表语
过去分词作表语时，它们大多数是已经形容词化的，而且大多数是与心理状态有联系的词，表示主语所处
的状态或感受。过去分词多用来修饰人、人的声音或表情。
She is interested in the story.
她对那个故事感兴趣。
Her voice sounded excited.
她的声音听起来很兴奋。
现在分词表示主动意义， 即“令人有某种感觉 ”，现在分词与中心词构成逻辑上的主谓关系， 其过去分词含
有被动意味，即“人被引起某种感觉 ”。
现在分词 主动意义 过去分词 被动意义
exciting 令人兴奋的， 激动人心的 excited 兴奋的，激动的
frightening 吓人的 frightened 受惊吓的
disappointing 令人失望的 disappointed 感到失望的， 失望的
pleasing 令人高兴的 pleased 高兴的，满意的
satisfying 令人满意的 satisfied 感到满意的
surprising 令人惊讶的 surprised 感到惊讶的
moving 令人感动的 moved 受感动的，感动的
interesting 有趣的 interested 感兴趣的
amusing 有趣的，给人娱乐的 amused 感到有意思的
puzzling 令人迷惑不解的 puzzled 感到困惑不解的
encouraging 令人鼓舞的 encouraged 受到鼓舞的
tiring 令人厌倦的/劳累的 tired 感到疲倦的
convincing 令人信服的 convinced 感到信服的
1.（2023·新高考Ⅰ卷 语法填空）Shanghai may be the (recognize) home of the soup dumplings but
food historians will actually point you to the neighbouring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long bao’s birthplace.
【答案】recognized
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:上海可能是公认的汤包之乡,但美食历史学家实际上会告诉你,邻近的运河小
镇南翔才是小笼包的发源地。空处在名词 home 前面,需用分词作定语,空处与被修饰词是逻辑上的动宾关系,
需填过去分词 recognized“被公认的”。
2.（2023·1 月新高考浙江卷 语法填空） In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Forbidden City,
(surround)in concentric(同心的)circles by the Inner City and Outer City.
【答案】surrounded
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在明朝，紫禁城是中心，它被由内层和外层构成的同心圆包围。分析句 子结构， was 是谓语动词， 空格处需要填非谓语动词作后置定语， 主语 the Forbidden City 和 surround 之间是
动宾关系，需填过去分词形式。故填 surrounded。
1.（2023 届湖北省高三年级 5 月份联考试题）Among the items, there are 65 articles of bronze chime-bells
(preserve) in good condition.
【答案】preserved
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：其中保存完好的铜制编钟有 65 件。分析句子结构可知 preserve 与逻辑主
语 bronze chime-bells 构成被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。故填 preserved。
2.（2023·江苏省镇江市调研） A folk music piece (title) “Picturesque Zhejiang” raised the curtains to
the opening ceremony of this event, featuring typical elements of Zhejiang, such as silk, tea, bamboo, and poetry.
【答案】titled
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：一曲名为《风景如画的浙江》的民间音乐为此次活动的开幕式拉开了帷 幕，其中包含了丝绸、茶、竹、诗歌等典型的浙江元素。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词中的过去分词
作后置定语修饰 music piece，因 music piece 和 title 为被动关系，所以为过去分词形式表被动。故填 titled。
3.(2023·湖南省长沙市第一中学模拟) “From Beijing to Guangzhou, I have met students who are learning our
language, enthusiastic young people, businessmen keen to innovate, and artists (inspire) by France.
【答案】inspired
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：从北京到广州，我遇到了学习我们语言的学生，热情的年轻人，渴望创 新的商人，以及受法国启发的艺术家。分析句子结构可知非谓语动词 inspire 与逻辑主语 artists 构成被动关
系，故用过去分词做后置定语修饰 artists。故填 inspired。
考点四 动词的独立主格结构
独立主格结构指带有自己主语的非谓语动词分句和无动词分句。它在语法上有自己的逻辑主语，结构上与
主句不发生关系。其作用相当于状语从句。有时也用 with 复合结构(with＋宾语＋宾语补足语)作状语。
一独立主格结构
独立结构可分为两部分， 一部分事名词或代词（主格），起着逻辑主语的作用；另一部分由形容词、副
词、名词、分词、不定式、介词短语等构成，表示前面名词或代词的状态或动作。
1. 名词/代词+形容词
I heard that she got injured in the accident , my heart full of worry. 我听说她在这次事故中受了伤， 内心充
满担忧。
He stood silent in the moon-light, his door open .月光下，门开着，他默默地站在那。
2. 名词/代词+现在分词
Winter coming ，it gets colder and colder. 冬天来了，天气越来越冷了。
The rain having stopped ,he went out for a walk. 雨停了，他出去散散步。
3. 名词/代词+过去分词
More time given ,we should have done it much better. 如果给我们更多时间，我们会做的更好。
The boy stood there , his right hand raised. 那个男生站在那里，右手高举。
4. 名词/代词（主格） +不定式
Here are the first two volumes , the third one to come out next month.
这是前俩卷，第三卷将于下雨问世。
The two boy said good-bye to each other ,one to go home ,the other to go to his friend\s
俩个男孩彼此道了别， 一个回了家，另一个去了他朋友家。
5. 名词/代词+介词短语
The huntsman entered the forest ,gun in hand. 那个猎人手里提着枪走进了树林。
注意：这里 gun in hand 还可以说成 with a gun in hand 。 但不可以说 a gun in hand 或 gun in his hand。
6. 名词/代词+副词
Nobody in ,the thief took a lot of things away. 由于没有人，小偷拿走了许多东西。
Lunch over ,he left the house .But he was thinking.午饭结束，他离开了路。但他还在考虑。
7. 名词/代词+名词
He fought the wolf,a stick his only weapon. 他和狼搏斗着，唯一的为武器是一根棍棒。
8. with 复合结构
它的构成是：“with+宾语+宾语补足语”。宾语由代词、名词、名词词组充当， 宾语由分词、不定式、形容词、
副词、介词短语、名词等充当。
Holms and Watson sat with the light on for half an hour.
福尔摩斯和沃森坐着，让灯亮了半个小时。（介词短语）
He used to sleep with the door open . 他过去常开着门睡觉 （形容词）
With a boy leading the way ,they started towards the village.
由一个小男孩领着路，他们朝那个村子去了。（现在分词）
With the work done ,he went home. 工作做完后，他回了家。（过去分词）
With you to help us, we will finish the task in time
有你来帮忙，我们将会及时完成任务。（不定式）
HongKong looks more beautiful with thou-sands of lights on night .
夜里，香港万盏灯火，分外美丽。（副词）
从以上例句可以看出：在 with 复合结构中，宾语和宾补之间形成逻辑上的主谓关系。当这种主谓关系表现 为主动语态是，用现代分词：当这种主谓关系表现为被动语态是，用过去分词：当这种主谓关系表示将来
意义是，用不定时：当这种主谓关系辨识伴随意义时，用现在分词或副词。
二、独立主格结构的用法
它表示谓语动词发生的时间、原因、条件或伴随情况等，相当于一个状语从句或并列句。
1. 作时间状语
The work done(=After the work had been done) , we went home. 工作完成后，我们才回家。
2. 作条件状语
Weather permitting( ＝If weather permits) , they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow.
如果天气允许的话，他们将在明天组织一次海滨小游。
3. 作原因状语
An important lecture to be given tomorrow(=As an important lecture will be given tomorrow) , the professor has
to stay up late into the night. 因为明天要发表一个重要的演讲，教授不得不熬夜到很晚。
4. 作伴随状语
He was lying on the grass, his hands crossed under his head(=and his hands were crossed under his head) .
他躺在草地上，两手交叉枕在脑后。
5. 表补充说明
A hunter came in, his face red with cold(=and his face was red with cold) .
一个猎人走了进来，他的脸冻得通红。
注：独立主格结构表示时间、条件或原因时，相当于一个状语从句， 一般放在句首，表示原因时还可放在
句末；表伴随状况或补充说明时，相当于一个并列句，通常放于句末。
二with 的复合结构
with 复合结构(with＋宾语＋宾语补足语)作状语，
With time passing by, he almost forgot everything in the past.(time 和 pass by 之间为主动关系)
随着时间的流逝，他几乎忘记了过去所有的事情。
He lay on his back, with his teeth set and his eyes closed.
他仰卧着，咬着牙、闭着眼。 (teeth 与 set ，以及 eyes 与 close 之间都为被动关系)
注意：“with＋宾语＋to do”结构中，如 with 译为“有” 的意思，不定式表将要发生的动作且与宾语之间存
在被动关系，此时用不定式的主动形式表被动含义。
With a lot of problems to solve, the newly elected president will have a hard time.
有许多问题要解决，这个新选出的总统将有一段艰难的时期。
1. The classrooms are well-equipped, some (measure) 4 meters by 6 meters.
【答案】measuring
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：教室设备齐全，有些教室宽 4 米，长 6 米。分析句子结构，逗号前后没 有连接词连接， 且前后部分的逻辑主语不同， 所以空处应用非谓语动词， 构成独立主格结构。逻辑主语 some
和 measure“量度为”之间是主谓关系，所以应用现在分词的一般式。故填 measuring。
2 ．Time (permit), I will go to Hong Kong for shopping. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】permitting
【详解】考查独立主格。句意：如果时间允许，我将去香港购物。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词，
所以 permit 应用非谓语形式，它的逻辑主语是 time，两者是主动关系，用独立主格结构。故填 permitting。
3 ． , we have to get down to the papers right away.
A ．There was no time left; mark B ．There is no time left; being marked
C ．As there was no time left; marking D ．There being no time left; marking
【答案】D
【详解】考查独立主格结构和固定搭配。句意：时间不多了，我们必须马上开始阅卷。分析句子可知，第 一空可为独立主格结构形式或从句结构形式，而 C 项时态错误，应为一般现在时；第二空考查 get down to
doing sth 表“开始认真做某事” ，为固定结构。故选 D 项。
1. So many problems (remain) to be settled, I’m in a tight corner.
【答案】remaining
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：有这么多问题有待解决， 我处境艰难。分析句子结构和意思可知， 动词 remain
是被修饰的名词 problems 主动发出的动作，所以用现在分词形式，构成独立主格结构。故填 remaining。
2 ．Jim was listening attentively to the lecture, all his attention (fix) on it.
【答案】fixed
【详解】考查独立主格结构。句意：吉姆聚精会神地听讲座，所有的注意力都集中在上面。分析句子结构 可知， 逗号后面的成分为独立主格结构， fix 与逻辑主语 attention 之间是被动关系， 应用过去分词形式 fixed
表示被动意义，构成独立主格结构。故填 fixed。
3 ．The dirty clothes , the girl hung them up outside.
A ．was washed B ．washed C ．were washed D ．having washed
【答案】B
【详解】考查独立主格结构。句意：脏衣服洗了，女孩把它们挂在外面。分析句子结构可知，中间没有连 词， 说明不是两个完整的句子， 此处为独立主格结构， wash 和其逻辑主语 The dirty clothes 为被动关系， 需
用过去分词形式，表示动作完成以及被动。故选 B。
过关检测
一、语法填空
1.（2023·粤湘鄂名校联盟高三第一次联考）His ceramic works, both functional and sculptural, are full of
elements of fashion, humor, and character (paint) on with traditional Chinese ink.
【答案】painted
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：他的陶瓷作品，无论是功能性的还是雕塑性的，都充满了时尚、幽默和
中国传统水墨人物画的元素。分析句子结构可知 paint 在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语 elements of
fashion, humor, and character 构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填 painted。
2.（2023·广东省高三开学大联考）Food (make)of wheat flour is the staple(主食)for people living in
the north, while rice is the main staple in the south.
【答案】 made
【解析】考查过去分词。句意：由面粉制成的食物是北方人的主食，而大米是南方人的主要主食。本句已 有谓语动词 is，空格处与 is 没有连词连接，所以空格处应该填非谓语动词，food 和 make 之间是被动关系，
用过去分词作定语。故填 made。
3.（2023·河南省名校联考高三 5 月模拟） A lot of us may be still recovering from antisocial habits
(form) in the tough time.
【答案】formed
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们中的大部分人可能仍正从在困难时期形成的反社会习惯中恢复。分 析句子可知，设空处用非谓语动词作后置定语， habits 和 form 构成逻辑上的被动关系，所以此处要用该词
的过去分词形式。故填 formed。
4.（2023·北京市通州区统考） (affect) by the high temperatures, some areas experienced drought and
a decrease in agricultural production.
【答案】Affected
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：受高温影响，一些地区出现干旱，农业减产。句中谓语是 experienced，
空格处用非谓语动词，由 by 可知，空格处用过去分词表被动，位于句首，首字母大写，故填 Affected。
5.（2023·山东省青岛市测试）Felix B ck, a student at the University of British Columbia, was eager to find a way to recycle wood from construction projects, and he had a particular interest in bamboo. One day he found a
drawer in his friend’s house (fill) with disposable bamboo chopsticks, and an idea hit him.
【答案】filled
【解析】考查过去分词。句意： 一天，他在朋友家发现了一个抽屉，里面放满了一次性竹筷，于是他灵机
一动。 house 和 fill 之间是逻辑动宾关系，因此空格处用过去分词表被动，作后置定语，故填 filled。
7.（2023·河北省秦皇岛市部分学校摸底）Huang Shihui from Xiangcheng Middle School, Hubei, won the first
prize for her painting (title) China in the Rubik’s Cube.
【答案】titled
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：湖北省香城中学的黄诗慧以《魔方展现中国时代》获得一等奖。分析句
子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词，设空处只能作非谓语，其逻辑主语为 her painting，二者之间为被动关系，
应用过去分词形式，此处整个分词短语作后置定语修饰 painting。故填 titled。
8.（2023 届湖北省高三年级 5 月份联考试题）Among the items, there are 65 articles of bronze chime-bells
(preserve) in good condition.
【答案】preserved
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：其中保存完好的铜制编钟有 65 件。分析句子结构可知 preserve 与逻辑主
语 bronze chime-bells 构成被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。故填 preserved。
9.（2023·湖南省三湘创新发展联合调研）The large mural (壁画) (create)by Lau in 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic is a monument to the disastrous moments the human race faced in 2020, which shows if we
work together, we can win any battle.
【答案】created
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：刘建文在 2020 年创作的 2019 冠状病毒疾病大流行期间的这幅大型壁画， 是对人类在 2020 年所面临灾难性时刻的纪念， 它表明， 如果我们齐心协力， 我们就能赢得任何战斗。分析 可知， (create)by Lau in 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic 在句中为后置定语，修饰名词 mural，动词
create 与名词 mural 为动宾关系，所以此处填过去分词。故填 created。
10.（2023·山西省高三 1 月适应性调研考试（一模））The new rocket will be 90 meters tall, and able to lift 27 tonnes of payload(有效载荷) to the lunar orbit, CGTN learned from the Airshow China (hold) in south
China’s Zhuhai City earlier this month, during which a model of the rocket was displayed.
【答案】held
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意： CGTN 从本月早些时候在中国南部珠海市举行的中国航展上获悉，新型 火箭将高 90 米， 能够将 27 吨有效载荷送入月球轨道。动词 hold 和被修饰词 Airshow China 是逻辑上的动宾
关系，所以此处为过去分词形式，表示被动，作后置定语。故填 held。
11.（2023·浙江省名校协作体开学考试）The project won a prize at China Thinks Big, a competition (hold) by Harvard and Tsinghua University to encourage teenagers to explore important global issues and focus on
solutions.
【答案】held
【解析】考查过去分词。句意：该项目在哈佛大学和清华大学举办的“ 中国思考大”竞赛中获奖，该竞赛旨在 鼓励青少年探索重要的全球问题并专注于解决方案。本句已有谓语 won 且无连词， 动词 hold 用非谓语形式，
逻辑主语 a competition 与动词 hold 是被动关系， hold 用过去分词作后置定语。故填 held。
12. （2023 ·江苏省南京市统考）Lin said a friend got him (involve) in dragonboat racing over a
decade ago. In 2018, they decided to host their own festival.
【答案】involved
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：林说，十多年前，一位朋友让他参与了龙舟比赛。分析句子可知，句中 有谓语动词“got”，故空格处应用非谓语动词，“involve”意为“参加” ，动词词性，“him”和“involve”为逻辑上
的动宾关系，故应用“involve”的过去分词“involved”，作宾语补足语。故填 involved。
13.（2023·江苏省常州市期中）An image (generate) with an AI system called Midjourney recently
won an art competition at the Colorado State Fair, and caused an uproar (怨愤) among artists.
【答案】generated
【解析】考查过去分词。句意：最近，一个名为 Midjourney 的人工智能系统生成的图像在科罗拉多州博览 会上赢得了一场艺术比赛，并在艺术家中引起了怨愤。分析可知本句已有谓语，空处用非谓语，image 与
generate 之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语；故填 generated。
14.(2023·江苏省南通徐州市等 5 地高三三模试题) This precious small output of tea, widely (seek)
after for its outstanding quality, is called Mingqian tea.
【答案】 sought
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这种珍贵的小产量茶叶，因其优良的品质而广受追捧，被称为茗谦茶。
句中有谓语，前后无连词，此处应用非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰名词 tea ，且动词 seek 和 tea 是被动关系，
应用过去分词作后置定语，故填 sought。
15.（2023·江苏省南京市南京市第一中学期中） The researchers found that in these areas, there were still fewer
seedlings (compare) to sites that didn’t have compressors added to speed up gas extraction.
【答案】compared
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：研究人员发现，在这些地区，与没有增加压缩机以加速气体提取的地点 相比，秧苗仍然更少。句子的谓语动词为 were ，所以此处为非谓语动词。非谓语动词 compare 何其逻辑主
语 seedlings 之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词。故填 compared。
16.（2023·广东省名校联盟高三大联考） (base)on the Open University of China, the National
University for the Aged is a national education resource-sharing platform for senior citizens aged 60 or above, whose curriculum extensively ranges from foreign languages and computer skills to photography, cooking and
other skills.
【答案】Based
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：国立老年大学是一个以中国开放大学为基础，面向 60 岁及以上老年人的 全国性教育资源共享平台，其课程涵盖从外语、计算机技能到摄影、烹饪等多种技能。这里为非谓语动词 担当状语，和主句主语“the National University for the Aged”之间为被动关系，用过去分词；出现在句首，首
字母大学。故填 Based。
17.（2023·江苏省淮安市两校（楚州中学、新马中学） 联考）】As a child, Qiao Yu, (influence) by his father, read books about traditional Chinese culture and recited Chinese poems. He only started school at the
age of nine due to his family impoverishment.
【答案】influenced
【解析】考查过去分词。句意：在父亲的影响下，乔羽从小就阅读有关中国传统文化的书籍，背诵中国诗 歌。分析句子可知， 提示词是非谓语动词， 与其逻辑主语 Qiao Yu 之间是被动关系， 此处应用过去分词表示
被动。故填 influenced。
18.(2023·浙江省金丽衢十二校联考） Taichi, ( influence) by Daoist and Confucian thought, as well as traditional Chinese medicine, builds upon theories of body energies, the yin and yang cycle and the unity
of heaven, earth and man.
【答案】influenced
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：太极受道家和儒家思想以及中医的影响，建立在身体能量、阴阳循环和 天人合一的理论基础上。分析句子可知，influence 作状语，与逻辑主语 Taichi 是被动语态，用过去分词作
状语，故填 influenced。
19.（2023·江苏省泰州中学调研）However, now machine (design) to make artificial snow are quite
advanced. They can make different kinds of snow depending on what’s needed for each sport.
【答案】designed
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，现在用来制造人造雪的机器已经相当先进了。 machine 和 design 是
逻辑动宾关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语。故填 designed。
20.（2023·浙江省强基联盟仿真密卷） To date, the Palace Museum Calendar has been published continuously
for twelve years with 4, 000, 000 copies (sell).
【答案】sold
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：到目前为止，《故宫日历》已连续出版 12 年，售出 400 万册。分析句子 可知，此处是一个 with 复合结构，逻辑主语 4, 000, 000 copies 与动词 sell 之间为被动关系，应用过去分词
sold。故填 sold。
22.(2023 届湖南省长沙市雅礼中学高三下学期模拟试题) The Forbidden City, also (refer) to as t
he Palace Museum in the modern days, is located in the heart of Beijing.
【答案】referred
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：紫禁城， 在现代也被称为故宫博物院， 位于北京的中心。根据句中谓语“is located”可知， 此处为非谓语动词， 作定语修饰“The Forbidden city”，并与其构成被动关系， 故应用过去分词
形式。故填 referred。
23.（2023·河北省石家庄部分重点高中联考） At the United Nations Climate Change Conference, or
COP27, (hold) this November in Egypt, many ocean problems and some possible solutions came into
focus.
【答案】held
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：今年 11 月在埃及举行的联合国气候变化大会上，许多海洋问题和一些可 能的解决方案成为焦点。句子的谓语为 came ，设空处修饰名词短语 the United Nations Climate Change
Conference, or COP27，为动宾关系，应用过去分词形式，作后置定语。故填 held。
24.（2023·江苏省南通市海门实验学校调研二）By the 1860s, she may have included scissors, a purse, and a magnifying glass. She would have worn these in the form of a chatelaine-a series of small purses (attach)
to the waist.
【答案】attached
考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知 attach 在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语 purses 构成被动关系，
故用过去分词。故填 attached。
25.(2023·湖南省长沙市雅礼中学模拟) The Forbidden City, also (refer) to as the Palace Museu
m in the modern days, is located in the heart of Beijing.
【答案】referred
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：紫禁城， 在现代也被称为故宫博物院， 位于北京的中心。根据句中谓语“is located”可知， 此处为非谓语动词， 作定语修饰“The Forbidden city”，并与其构成被动关系， 故应用过去分词
形式。故填 referred。
二、单项选择
1 ．（2023·天津南开 · 南开中学校考模拟预测）The disabled guy was attended throughout his school day by a nurse
to guard him.
A ．to appoint B ．having appointed C ．appointing D ．appointed
【答案】D
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这个残疾的人在上学的时候，有一名护士全程看护他。分析句子结构可 知， 已有谓语 was attended，空处需填非谓语动词作后置定语， 修饰名词 a nurse ，二者为逻辑动宾关系， 需
用过去分词形式。故选 D。
2 ．（2023·天津 ·耀华中学校考二模） in scientific research, the new treatment offers hope for patients
with rare diseases.
A ．Rooted B ．Rooting C ．Having rooted D ．To be rooted
【答案】A
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这种基于科学研究的新疗法为患有罕见疾病的患者带来了希望。分析句 子可知， 设空处在句中作非谓语动词， 逻辑主语 the new treatment 与动词 root 之间为被动关系， 应用过去分
词，作状语。故选 A 项。
3 ．（2023·天津河西 · 统考三模） by the beauty of nature, the girl from the big city decided to stay in the
countryside with her parents for another week.
A ．Attracted B ．Attracting C ．Having attracted D ．To attract
【答案】A
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：被自然所吸引，来自城市的女孩决定和父母在农村再待一周。根据句子
分析可知，此处作状语， attract 与主语 the girl 之间为被动关系，故应用过去分词作状语，故选 A。
4 ．（2023·天津北辰 · 统考模拟预测） I’ve been dreaming of becoming a writer since I was a teenager, but it seems
hard to get a book .
A ．publishing B ．having published
C ．published D ．to be published
【答案】C
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我从十几岁起就梦想成为一名作家，但似乎很难出版一本书。根据句中 谓语动词“seems”可知，空处应为非谓语动词，作宾补，与“a book”之间形成被动关系，表示已发生的动作，
应用过去分词形式。故选 C。
5 ．（2023·天津滨海新 · 统考三模） The recent TV series Three-Body, from Liu Cixin’s sci-fi book, has
impressed audiences with its splendid visual effects.
A ．adapted B ．to be adapted C ．adapting D ．having adapted
【答案】A
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：最近改编自刘慈欣科幻小说的电视剧《三体》以其出色的视觉效果给观 众留下了深刻的印象。分析句子结构可知 adapt 与逻辑主语 Three-Body 构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定
语。故选 A。
6 ．（2023·天津红桥 · 统考二模） Apparently, due to the new policy, years before, food waste has much
decreased since last year.
A ．to compare with
B ．comparing with
C ．being compared with
D ．compared with
【答案】D
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：显然，由于新政策，与前几年相比，食物浪费自去年以来已经大大减少。 分析句子结构可知，已有谓语动词 has decreased，空处需填非谓语动词作状语， food waste 和 compare with
为逻辑动宾关系，需用过去分词形式。故选 D。
7 ．（2023·天津河北 · 统考二模）We should improve our ability to engage in international communication to tell the
stories of China well and make the voice of China globally.
A ．hearing B ．to hear C ．having heard D ．heard
【答案】D
【详解】考查过去分词。句意：我们应该提高参与国际交流的能力，讲好中国故事，让全球听到中国的声 音。分析句子可知，空格处应填入非谓语动词作宾语补足语。宾语 the voice of China 与 hear 是逻辑上的动
宾关系，故用过去分词。故选 D。
8 ．（2023·天津南开 · 统考二模） with two job offers, we may wonder exactly what it is we’ re choosing
between.
A ．Having presented B ．To be presented C ．Presenting D ．Presented
【答案】D
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：面对两份工作机会，我们可能会想知道到底是什么让我们在两者之间做
出选择（如何选择要看自己真正看重的是什么）。句中已有谓语动词 wonder，所以此处为非谓语作状语，
present 与主语 we 之间为动宾关系，应用过去分词，表被动和完成，作状语。故选 D。
9 ．（2023·天津河东 · 统考二模） My first English teacher Ms. Wang has retired, but she still remembers the happy
time with us students.
A ．to spend B ．spend C ．spending D ．spent
【答案】D
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我的第一位英语老师王老师已经退休了，但她仍然记得和我们学生一起 度过的快乐时光。句中已有谓语动词， 所以用非谓语动词形式。名词 the happy time 与 spend 之间为被动关
系，所以用过去分词作后置定语。故选 D。
10 ．（2023·天津 · 校联考一模） According to a study in the magazine Science, the changes in the sounds of
our oceans, seas, and other waterways affect many sea animals.
A ．publishing B ．published C ．having published D ．to publish
【答案】B
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：根据发表在《科学》杂志上的一项研究，海洋和其他水道声音的变化影 响着许多海洋动物。此处为非谓语动词，动词 publish 和前文名词 study 之间是逻辑被动关系，故用其过去
分词作后置定语。故选 B 项。
11 ．（2023 秋 · 天津西青 · 高三天津市西青区杨柳青第一中学校考期末）You need to get them that you want
to see the plan out next month.
A ．understand; carried B ．to understand; carrying
C ．understand; carrying D ．to understand; carried
【答案】D
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：你需要让他们明白，你希望这个计划下个月就能实施。分析句子结构可 知， 一空处考查固定搭配： get sb. to do sth.意为“让某人做某事” ，所以填 to understand，作宾语补足语，二 空处， 因为本句已有谓语动词 want，所以应该用非谓语形式， 逻辑主语是 plan 和 carry out之间是被动关系，
应该用过去分词表被动，应填 carried。故选 D 项。
12 ．（2023·河南郑州 · 郑州外国语学校校考模拟预测） With all his attention on his work, he barely has
any time for his family.
A ．fixing B ．fixed C ．having fixed D ．is fixed
【答案】B
【详解】考查非谓语。句意：他所有的注意力都放在工作上，几乎没有时间陪伴家人。分析句子可知，此
处使用了 with 复合结构， attention 和 fix 之间是逻辑上的被动关系，因此需使用过去分词。故选 B。
真题演练
(
2023
年
)
1.【2023 年全国乙卷】From Buddhist temples to museums, narrow hutong 41to royal palaces, it is home to more than 3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout, with the city keeping its carefully 42
(build) system of ring roads.
【42 题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：从佛教寺庙到博物馆，狭窄的胡同和皇家宫殿，它是 3000 多年辉煌历史的家园， 即使是在它的布局上， 这座城市也保持着精心建造的环城公路系统。这里为非谓语动词担当定语， 表示“精
心建造的…… ”，和被修饰词“system of ring roads ”之间为被动关系，用过去分词。故填 built。
2.【2023 年新高考全国Ⅰ卷】Shanghai may be the 39 (recognize) home of the soup dumplings but food
historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long hao’s birthplace.
【39 题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：上海可能是公认的小笼包之乡，但美食历史学家会告诉你，邻近的运河小镇南翔 才是小笼包的发源地。空格在名词 home 前面作定语， recognize 与 home 是逻辑上动宾关系， 需填过去分词
recognized 作定语， recognized“被公认的 ”也可以看作是形容词作定语。故填 recognized。
3.【2023 年全国甲卷】Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message 46 (intend) for everyone.
【46 题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，在简洁的风格背后，是每个人都想要传达的严肃信息。 be
intended for 打算为……所用，在句中作定语，所以用过去分词形式。故填 intended。
4.【2023 年北京卷】Mangroves, known as “red forest” in China, grow between land and sea, characterised by
their complex roots. When 14 (see) from afar, the mangrove forests appear more splendid.
【14 题详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：从远处看，红树林显得更加壮观。逗号前面是 when 引导的状语 从句的省略， 当状语从句和主句主语是同一主语时， 且从句含有 be 动词， 从句可以省略主语和 be 动词。在 从句中，主语为 the mangrove forests，和动词 see 是被动关系，从句应用一般现在时的被动语态，完整形式
为 when they are seen from afar，省略主语和 be 动词，故填 seen。
5. 【2023 年浙江卷 1 月】In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Forbidden City, 58 (surround)in
concentric(同心的)circles by the Inner City and Outer City.
【58 题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：在明朝， 紫禁城是中心， 它被由内层和外层构成的同心圆包围。分析句子结构， was
是谓语动词，空格处需要填非谓语动词作后置定语，主语 the Forbidden City 和 surround 之间是动宾关系，
需填过去分词形式。故填 surrounded。
(
2022
年
)
1.【2022 全国甲卷】Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation (hold) in
Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road.
答案： held
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：受到在北京举行的“一带一路 ”国际合作高峰论坛的启发，曹决定徒步穿 越这条路线， 以向古代丝绸之路致敬。分析句子可知， 本句已有谓语动词 decided，所以 hold 应用非谓语动
词形式， hold 与 cooperation 之间为逻辑动宾关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语，表被动。故填 held。
2. 【 2022 年北京卷 】Why do humans prefer some smells over others One theory, increasingly 14
(support) by experts, suggests that smell preferences are learned.
考查非谓语动词。句意：被专家越来越多地支持的一个理论表明气味的偏好是习得的。分析句子结构可知， 空格处的动词做非谓语，结合空格后的 by experts 可判断出该处意为“被专家们支持 ”，所以空格处应用过
去分词表被动。故填 supported。
(
2021
年
)
1.【2021.1 浙江卷】In 1985, urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries 7 (study)
had higher BMIs than men and women in rural areas.
【答案】studied
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：1985 年， 这个国家 3/4 的城市里的被调查男女的 BMI 值比偏远山区的男 女数值高。分析句子结构可知 study 做urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries 的定语，
动词分词做定语与逻辑主语是被动关系，故答案为 studied。
2. 【2021 年北京卷】There 17has been (be) a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over
the past 20 years, 18 (cause) largely by rising global temperatures, according to a new report from the
United Nations.
【18 题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意同上。 a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events 与 cause 是逻辑动宾关系，
应用过去分词，表被动。故填 caused。
3.【2021 年天津卷第一次】While rock-climbing, you need to remain very so that you won't make any
dangerous errors.
A ．satisfied B ．focused C ．amused D ．delighted
【答案】B
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在攀岩的时候，你需要保持非常专注，这样你就不会犯任何危险的 错误。 A. satisfied 满意的；B. focused 专注的；C. amused 被逗乐的；D. delighted 高兴的。根据后文“so that you won't make any dangerous errors”可知要想不犯任何危险的错误，攀岩的时候需要保持专注， focused 符合语
境。故选 B。
(
2020
年
)
1.【2020 年新课标Ⅰ】 I like eating frying tomatoes with eggs, and I thought it must to be easy to cook. My mom
told me how to preparing it.
2.考查非谓语动词。句意：我喜欢吃西红柿炒鸡蛋。动词 fry 与 tomatoes 之间是动宾关系，所以此处应用过
去分词作定语，故将 frying 改为 fried。
3.考查情态动词用法。句意：并且我认为它一定很简单。 must 是情态动词， 后接动词原形， to 多余， 故将 to
去掉。
4.考查非谓语动词。句意：我妈妈告诉我如何准备这道菜。分析句子可知， “how+不定式”作 told 的宾语， to
是不定式符号，后应接动词原形，故将 preparing 改为 prepare。
2.【2020 年新课标Ⅱ】They make great gifs and you see them many times 65. (decorate) with red envelopes and
messages of good fortune.
65. 考查非谓语动词。句意：它们是很好的礼物，你会经常看到它们装饰着红包和好运的信息。句中 them
指代前句中的 orange trees，与 decorate 之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填 decorated。
3.【2020 年新课标Ⅲ】My mom is really concerning with the health of everyone in our families. ...
第一处：考查固定短语。句意：我的妈妈真的关心我们家庭里每个人的健康。 be concerned with 关心，该短
语是固定短语，所以 concerning 改成 concerned。
第二处：考查名词单复数。句意同上。 family 当“家庭”讲时，是集合名词，这里表示“我们一个家庭” ，所以
用单数， families 改成 family。
4. 【2020 年浙江卷 1 月】The first is declining birthrates, which means old generations are large 60
(compare) to younger generations, and so, on average, the population becomes 61 (old) than before.
【60 题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：首先是出生率的下降，这意味着老一代比年轻一代人口多，因此，
平均而言，人口比以前老龄化。短语 be compared to“与……相比；与某事相提并论” ，故填 compared。
【61 题详解】
考查形容词比较级。句意同上。根据下文 than before 可知应用形容词比较级，故填 older。
5.【2020 年北京卷】A piece of stone 8 (find) on a Dutch beach suggests that our extinct human relatives,
known as Neanderthals, were cleverer than previously thought.
【8 题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：在荷兰海滩上发现的一块石头表明，我们已经灭绝的人类亲戚尼安德特人比我们 之前认为的更聪明。句子的谓语为 suggests，设空处在句中作非谓语和逻辑主语之间是逻辑的被动关系。故
答案为 found。
6. 【2020 年天津卷第一次】 in 1931, the Empire State Building, the highest skyscraper until 1954,
inspired the imagination of the world.
A. Having completed B. Being completed
C. Completed D. Completing
【答案】C
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：1931 年完工的帝国大厦是 1954 年之前最高的摩天大楼，它激发了全世界 的想象力。句中谓语动词是 inspired，此处用非谓语动词。主语 the Empire State Building 和动词 complete 是
被动关系，用过去分词作状语。 A 项是现在分词的完成式，不表被动。 B 项是 doing 的被动式。故选 C。
7.【2020 年江苏卷】 Technological innovations, good marketing, will promote the sales of these products.
A. combined with B. combining with C. having combined with D. to be combined with
【答案】A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:技术创新与良好的市场营销相结合， 将促进这些产品的销售。此处是短语:be
combined with“与…… 结合/联合” ，本句中省略 be 动词，使用过去分词做状语。故选 A。
(
2019
)
1.【2019 年全国卷Ⅱ】 One was that I was amazing at the fact that a sick person could feel much more better after
seeing a doctor.
第八处：【解析】考查形容词用法。“amaze（使惊奇；使惊愕） ”形容词形式有 amazed（大为惊奇） 与 amazing
（令人大为惊奇的）。本句话中主语为 I，句意:病人看完医生就会感觉好很多，对此我感到惊奇，
而不是我令别人惊奇。故将 amazing 改为 amazed。
第九处： 【解析】考查形容词比较级。句中 better 为 well（健康；身体好）的比较级形式，多音节的形容词
或副词构成比较级用 more 加形容词或副词，即 more 不能与 berrer 连用。故将 more 去掉。
2.【2019 年北京卷】Earth Day ， 4 (mark)on 22 April ，is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness
about environmental protection.
【答案】4. marked
4.考查非谓语动词。句意：地球日于 4 月 22 日举行，是一项旨在提高公众环保意识的年度活动。分析句式
可知，设空处是要做名词 Earth Day 的后置定语，且与其之间是被动关系，要用过去分词。故填 marked。
3.【2018 年浙江卷 11 月】 Larger amounts of caffeine can cause a problem 62 (call) caffeinism. You
get very nervous and you can’t sleep.
62 ．考查过去分词。句中 problem 和动词 call 是被动关系，指这种问题被叫做 caffeinism。此处用过去分词
表被动，作 problem 的定语，故填 called。
4.【2019 年天津卷】Most colleges now offer first-year students a course specially to help them
succeed academically and personally.
A. designed B. designing
C. to design D. being designed
【答案】A
【解析】本题考查非谓语动词。 a course 和 design 之间是动宾关系，所以用过去分词。故选 A 。 句意：
现在大多数大学都为一年级学生开设了一门课程，专门帮助他们在学业和个人方面取得成功。
