Unit 7 Life is full of the unexpected.Section A (Grammar Focus-4c)语法专项突破（含解析）

Unit 7　Life is full of the unexpected.
Section A (Grammar Focus-4c)语法专项突破
【语法精讲】
过去完成时
一、定义: 过去完成时表示在过去某一时刻或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作, 即动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”。
二、构成: 助动词had +动词的过去分词
三、句式结构:
四、常用时间状语: by the time/when/before 引导的时间状语从句(用一般过去时)或before/by the end of/by+过去的时间点
五、与现在完成时的区别:
　　现在完成时以现在为基点, 强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的结果或影响; 而过去完成时则是以过去为基点, 它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去, 更强调“过去的过去”。
*So far, we have lived here for 10 years.
到目前为止, 我们已经在这里生活10年了。
*By the time you moved here, we had lived here for 10 years.
在你搬到这里以前, 我们已经在这里生活10年了。
六、常见标志词
注意: for+一段时间 since+过去的某一个时间点
I have lived in Hebei for ten years.
I have lived in Hebei since ten years ago/ 2002.
七、常考必背的句式
【语法集训】
Ⅰ. 用括号内的连接词将两个句子合并为一句
1. I got to school. I realized I had left my math book at home. (when)
When I got to school,_I realized I had left my math book at home. / I realized I had left my math book at home when I got to school.
2. The school ended. Bob finished all his homework. (by the time)
By the time the school ended,_Bob had finished all his homework. / Bob had finished all his homework by the time the school ended.
3. All my classmates went to the airport. I arrived at the classroom. (before)
Before I arrived at the classroom,_all my classmates had gone to the airport. /All my classmates had gone to the airport before I arrived at the classroom.
Ⅱ. 单项选择
1．The match ________ already ________ when we ________ there.
A．has; begun; get B．will; start; get C．had; started; got D．have; get; reach
C【详解】句意：当我们到达那儿，比赛已经开始了。
考查动词时态。has/have+动词过去分词，现在完成时；had+动词过去分词，过去完成时；will+动词原形，将来时；begun开始，过去分词；start开始，原形；started开始，过去分词；get得到，原形；got得到，过去式；reach到达，原形。从句应用一般过去时，而主句表示在过去的动作之前已经发生了的动作，应用过去完成时。故选C。
2.When I got up, my parents had already gone out and they hadn’t ________ me a note.
A．given B．leave C．shown D．left
D【详解】句意：当我起床时，我的父母已经出去了，他们没有给我留下一张纸条。
考查动词辨析。given给；leave离开/留下，原形；shown展示；left离开/留下，过去分词。此空前用的hadn’t，可知时态为过去完成时，结构had+动词过去分词，leave“离开，留下”的过去分词为left。故选D。
3.The house ________ at the foot of a hill. When we arrived, the old man had ________ snacks out on the table.
A．lies; laid B．lays; lied C．lies; lay D．lays; lay
A【详解】句意：这所房子坐落在山脚下。当我们到达时，这个老人已经在桌子上放好了零食。考查时态和动词辨析。lies位于，坐落在；laid放（过去式）；lay放。根据“The house…at the foot of a hill.”可知，房子坐落在山脚下，应该用lie，且陈述客观事实，应该用一般现在时，主语The house是第三人称单数，故第一空填lies。根据“the old man…snacks out on the table.”可知，老人放好了零食，应该用lay，根据“had”可知，此处句子时态为过去完成时时，lay的过去分词是laid。故选A。
4.When we hurried to the cinema, the film ________ for ten minutes.
A．had been on B．had begun C．had begun on D．begun
A【详解】句意：当我们赶到电影院时，电影已经开始十分钟了。
考查过去完成时。根据“When we hurried to the cinema, the film...for ten minutes”可知，电影放映十分钟是在我们到达电影院之前，即时间是“过去的过去”，时态用过去完成时，结构为had+过去分词。由“for ten minutes”可知，应该用延续性动词。故选A。
5.—I was told that Oliver Twist _________ to the orphanage.
—Right. Poor little boy.
A．had been sent B．was sending
C．has sent D．will be sent
A【详解】句意：——有人告诉我Oliver Twist被送进了孤儿院。——对。可怜的小男孩。
考查过去完成时的被动语态。根据“I was told that Oliver Twist...to the orphanage.”可知，“Oliver Twist...to the orphanage”是宾语从句，应是表示Oliver Twist被送进孤儿院，用被动语态，且“被送进孤儿院”发生在was told“被告知”之前，所以宾语从句用过去完成时，此处用过去完成时的被动语态，谓语结构是had been done。故选A。
【中考体验】
Ⅰ.单项选择
1. (2023·绥化中考) By the time the teacher came, we ______cleaning the classroom.
A. finished　　　　　B. have finished C. had finished
【解析】选C。考查动词时态。句意: 老师来之前, 我们已经打扫完了教室。根据the teacher came可知, 主句要用过去完成时。
2. (2023·湘潭中考) —Treasure Island is exciting.
—I agree with you. I______ it twice.
A. have read B. had read C. read
【解析】选A。考查动词时态。句意: ——《金银岛》很刺激。——我同意你的观点。我已经看了两次了。根据句末的twice可知句子用现在完成时。