Unit 8 We’re trying to save the earth!Section A (3a-3b)基础必会清单及知识闯关（含答案）

Unit8　We’re trying to save the earth!
SectionA(3a-3b)基础必会清单及知识闯关
基础必会清单
名词:
1. 生态系统 n. 　　　　　　　ecosystem
2. 工业; 行业 n. industry
3. 法律; 法规 n. law
4. 运输业; 交通运输 n. transportation
形容词:
5. 残酷的; 残忍的 adj. cruel
6. 科学上的; 科学的 adj. scientific
7. 可重复使用的; 可再次使用的 adj.
reusable
动词:
8. 承担得起(后果); 买得起 v. afford
短语:
9. 对……有害 be harmful to
10. 在……顶部或顶端 at the top of
11. 参加 take part in
12. 关掉 turn off
13. 付费; 付出代价 pay for
14. 采取行动 take action
Ⅱ. 重点句式
1. 很多人认为鲨鱼不会濒临灭绝因为它们在它们的食物链中最强。
Many believe that sharks can never be endangered because they are the strongest in their food chain.
2. 很多人认为鲨鱼太强了而不可能濒临灭绝, 但是他们错了。
Many think that sharks are too strong to be endangered, but they are wrong.
3. 到目前为止, 没有科学研究表明, 鱼翅对健康有好处, 那么为什么要吃鱼翅呢
So far, no scientific studies have shown that shark fins are good for health, so why eat them
文本脉络梳理
1. __________　2. __________　3. __________　4. __________　5. __________　6. __________
答案: 1. southern　2. whole　3. top　4. million　5. health　6. laws
核心素养解析
考点解析
考点1　harmful adj. 有害的
harmful作形容词, 意为“有害的”, 是由harm (n. 伤害, 损害)+-ful(后缀)构成。
*Dirty air and water are harmful. They can kill plants and even people.
脏的空气和水是有害的。它们能够杀死植物甚至人。
*Reading in bed is harmful to/is bad for/does harm to your eyes. 在床上看书对你的眼睛有害。
考点2　industry　n. 工业; 行业
industry名词, 意为“工业; 行业”; 形容词形式为industrial, 意为“工业的; 产业的”。
*We must know about the importance of modern industry. 我们必须了解现代工业的重要性。
*My uncle works in the steel industry.
我叔叔从事钢铁行业。
*Industrial production is beginning to pick up.
工业生产正在开始好转。
考点3　law n. 法律; 法规
(1)law的常见短语:
break the law违反法律　pass a law通过一项法律
against the law违法　by law根据法律, 在法律上
*It is everybody’s duty to obey the law.
遵守法律, 人人有责。
*Don’t do anything that breaks the law.
不要做任何违反法律的事情。
(2)lawyer名词, 意为“律师”。
*Bob wants to be a lawyer when he grows up.
鲍勃长大后想成为一名律师。
对点训练
考点1
①Don’t play games on the computer all day. It’s ______to your eyes.
A. harmful　　　B. nice
C. helpful D. thankful
【解析】选A。考查形容词辨析。句意: 不要整天在电脑上玩游戏, 它对你的眼睛有害。be harmful to. . . 表示“对……有害”。
②严寒的天气对橙子树是有害的。
Freezing weather is harmful to orange trees.
③汉译英: 吸烟对健康及环境都有害, 因此请戒烟吧!
Smoking is harmful to/is bad for/does harm to health and the environment, so please stop smoking!
考点2
①With the development of industry(工业), it will cause some pollution problems.
②这个城市的旅游业正变得越来越重要。
The tourist industry in the city is becoming more and more important.
考点3
①The government has made some laws(法律) to protect the wild animals.
②你听说过禁止浪费食物的新法律吗
Have you ever heard about the new law against food waste
【其余考点】
考点　the number of……的数量
the number of/ a number of的区别
the number of 意为“……的数量”, 后跟复数名词, 作主语时, 谓语动词用单数形式
a number of 意为“许多”, 相当于many, 修饰复数名词, 作主语时谓语动词用复数形式
*The number of the students of my class is over 40.
我的班有40多名学生。
*A number of tourists prefer to use sleeping bags when going camping in the wild.
许多游客更喜欢在野外露营时使用睡袋。
对点训练
考点
①(2023·遂宁中考)The number of the whales ______smaller and smaller because of human activities now.
A. were　　B. was　　C. is　　D. are
②说汉语的人数要大于说英语的人数。
__________ __________________　people speaking Chinese is larger than that of those speaking English.
③我们学校的许多学生来自农村。
__________ __________________　students in our school are from the countryside.
①【解析】选C。考查主谓一致。句意: 由于现今人类的活动, 鲸鱼的数量越来越少。was/were是, be动词的过去式; is是, be动词(一般现在时的)单数形式; are是, be动词(一般现在时的)复数形式。由“now”可知, 句子应用一般现在时。the number of+复数名词, 表示“……的数量”, 作主语时, 谓语动词要用单数形式, be动词应用is。
②The number of　③A number of
知识闯关
基础关
Ⅰ. 用所给词的适当形式填空
1. Hainan is in the southern(south) part of China.
2. Everyone in our city is trying to improve (improve) the environment in the city.
3. We need some scientific(science) knowledge even in dealing with our daily life.
4. Pandas are endangered (endanger) animals. We must help save them.
5. Freezing weather is harmful (harm) to apple trees.
Ⅱ. 单项选择
1. We all know that ______birds fly to Dongting Lake in winter.
A. million 　　B. millions 　　C. millions of
【解析】选C。考查数词的用法。句意: 我们都知道冬天有数百万只鸟飞到洞庭湖。million意为“百万”。当million前有基数词时, million用原形; 当million前没有基数词时, 用millions of表示“数以百万计的”。根据题干可知, 空前没有基数词, 故用millions of。
2. —When you leave the room, please ______the light.
—OK, Mom.
A. turn up　　　　　　　B. turn down
C. put off D. turn off
【解析】选D。考查短语辨析。句意: ——当你离开房间时, 请关上灯。——好的, 妈妈。turn up开大(声音, 亮度等); turn down关小(音量), 拒绝; put off 推迟; turn off关(电源等)。根据常识, 离开房间应该关灯。
3. ______we continue to kill elephants for their ivory, we humans may lose them some day.
A. If B. Before
C. Until D. Although
【解析】选A。考查连词辨析。句意: 如果我们为得到象牙而持续杀死大象, 我们人类有一天可能会失去它们。if 如果, 引导条件状语从句; before在……前, 引导时间状语从句; until直到, 引导时间状语从句; although尽管, 引导让步状语从句。根据句意可知, 前面的从句是表示假设, 应用连词If。
4. —How many dolphins are there in the aquarium
—______ them ______over ten.
A. A number of; are B. The number of; are
C. The number of; is D. A number of; is
【解析】选C。考查主谓一致。答语意为“它们(这家水族馆里的海豚)的数量超过十只”。a number of. . . “许多……”; the number of“……的数量”, 作主语时谓语动词用单数。
5. You’d better not go abroad, ______when COVID-19 is still spreading around the world.
A. especially　B. nearly　C. possibly　D. generally
【解析】选A。 考查副词辨析。句意: 尤其在新冠肺炎还在全球蔓延时, 你最好不要出国。especially尤其; nearly几乎; possibly可能地, 也许, 或许; generally通常地, 普遍地。
Ⅲ. 完成句子
1. 让我们行动起来保护地球吧。
Let’s take action to protect the earth.
2. 我们可以在网上为货物付款。
We can pay for goods online.
3. 昨天老师参加了我们的讨论。
The teacher took part in our discussion yesterday.
4. 房子的顶部有一只鸟。
There is a bird at the top of the house.
5. 他们反对砍树。
They are against cutting down the trees.
能力关
Ⅳ. 语法填空
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入一个适当的词, 或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。
Have you heard of shark fin soup This famous and expensive dish is 1. especially(especial) popular in southern China. But do you realize that you are killing a whole shark each time you enjoy a bowl of shark fin soup
When people catch sharks, they cut off 2. their(they)fins and throw the shark back into the ocean. This is not only cruel, 3. butalso harmful to the environment. 4. Without a fin, a shark can no longer swim and slowly dies. Sharks are at 5. the top of the food chain in the ocean’s ecosystem. If their numbers drop too low, it will bring 6. danger (dangerous) to all ocean life. Many believe that sharks can never be endangered because they are the 7. strongest (strong) in their food chain. But in fact, around 70 million sharks are 8. caught (catch) and traded in this industry every year. The numbers of some kinds of sharks have 9. fallen (fall) by over 90 percent in the last 20 to 30 years.
Environmental protection groups around the world, such as WildAid and the WWF, are teaching the public about “finning”. They have even asked governments to develop laws 10. to stop(stop) the sale of shark fins. So far, no scientific studies have shown that shark fins are good for health, so why eat them Help save the sharks!
Ⅴ. 完形填空
　　What does the word ecology mean It was 　1　 by Ernst Haeckel, a German biologist. He joined two Greek words: oikos, meaning “house”, and logie, meaning “the study of”. Together they mean “the study of the house”. The “house” Haeckel had in mind is our 　2　, Earth. Earth is home for all living things—humans, animals, plants, and even tiny microbes.
　　To study a house is to learn how its residents(居民)use it. An ecologist is a scientist who studies the 　3　 between organisms (生物)and their environment. The environment is an organism’s surroundings. It may 　4　 water, gases, rocks, and temperature.
　　Ecologists also study the balance of using the environment while protecting it.
　　An ecologist once asked a boy　5　 he thought it meant to protect the environment.
　　The boy said, “You go into the forest and look for somebody who wants to cut down a tree. You take away his axe. You tell him about how　6　 trees are. You say they are good for natural beauty, saving soil, and giving shelter to birds and other animals. ”
　　“Good answer, ” said the ecologist, “　7　 it may not be easy to find a woodcutter to talk to. Also, remember that sometimes it’s 　8　 to cut down a tree. If we cut down too many trees, the forest will disappear. If we don’t cut down any trees, we won’t get any resources from the forest. We have to find the right 　9　. ”
　　“I get it, ” the boy said. “We need the forest’s　10　 for wood and paper or we might not have desks or notebooks for school. ”
　　“Exactly—and school is a good place to learn about ecology, ” added the ecologist. “Then you will know how to protect the natural environment. ”
【主旨大意】本文介绍了单词“ecology”的来源, 生态学家主要研究生物与其环境之间的关系以及在保护环境的同时利用环境的平衡。
1. A. proved　B. invented　C. marked　D. accepted
【解析】选B。句意: 它是由德国生物学家恩斯特·海克尔发明的。proved证明; invented发明; marked标记; accepted接受。根据“He joined two Greek words. . . ”可知, “ecology”是由德国生物学家恩斯特·海克尔发明的。
2. A. planet B. building C. project D. surface
【解析】选A。句意: 海克尔心目中的“房子”是我们的行星, 地球。planet行星; building房子; project项目; surface表面。根据空后的“Earth”可知, 地球是行星。
3. A. feeling B. relationships
C. distance D. competitions
【解析】选B。句意: 生态学家是研究生物与其环境之间的关系的科学家。feeling感觉; relationships关系; distance距离; competitions比赛。根据“between organisms and their environment. ”以及常识可知, 生态学家是研究生物与其环境之间关系的科学家。
4. A. pollute B. control C. include D. reduce
【解析】选C。句意: 它可能包括水、气体、岩石和温度。pollute污染; control控制; include包括; reduce减少。根据“The environment is an organism’s surroundings. ”可知, 此处表示环境可能包括水、气体、岩石和温度。
5. A. who B. whose C. why D. what
【解析】选D。句意: 一位生态学家曾经问一个男孩, 他认为这对保护环境意味着什么。who谁; whose谁的; why为什么; what什么。此处为生态学家问男孩认为是什么, 应用what。
6. A. wild B. common C. wealthy D. important
【解析】选D。句意: 你告诉他树有多重要。wild野外的; common普遍的; wealthy富有的; important重要的。根据“You say they are good for natural beauty, saving soil, and giving shelter to birds and other animals. ”可知, 此处是指告诉他树木的重要性。
7. A. but B. and C. so D. or
【解析】选A。句意: 但要找一个樵夫谈话可能并不容易。but但是; and并且; so所以; or或者。根据“Good answer”以及“it may not be easy to find a woodcutter to talk to”可知, 此处表示转折关系, 应用连词but。
8. A. comfortable B. tiring
C. impossible D. necessary
【解析】选D。句意: 另外, 请记住, 有时有必要砍倒一棵树。comfortable舒服的; tiring累的; impossible不可能的; necessary必要的。根据“If we don’t cut down any trees, we won’t get any resources from the forest. ”可知, 有时候砍树也是必要的。
9. A. mystery B. temperature
C. balance D. symbol
【解析】选C。句意: 我们必须找到正确的平衡。mystery秘密; temperature温度; balance平衡; symbol标志。根据“If we cut down too many trees, the forest will disappear. If we don’t cut down any trees, we won’t get any resources from the forest. ”可知, 我们必须在不能砍太多树和不砍树之间找到平衡。
10. A. soil B. resources
C. landscape D. wildlife
【解析】选B。句意: 我们需要森林的木材和纸张资源, 否则我们可能没有课桌或笔记本供学校使用。soil土壤; resources资源; landscape风景; wildlife野生动物。根据“If we don’t cut down any trees, we won’t get any resources from the forest. ”以及“We need the forest’s______for wood and paper or we might not have desks or notebooks for school. ”可知, 我们需要森林的资源。