专题十七：阅读理解之应用文类【2024高分攻略】高考英语二轮专题复习学案
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| 名称 | 专题十七：阅读理解之应用文类【2024高分攻略】高考英语二轮专题复习学案 |  | |
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【2024高分攻略】高考英语二轮复习学案(通用版)
专题十七 阅读理解之应用文类
应用文是在日常工作和生活中使用的文体，通常以实用性为目的、以真实性为基础、以时效性为根本、以规范性为准则。该文体一般可分为两大类：一类是说明性应用文，包括广告、宣传海报、公告(包括行车时刻表)、产品的说明书、旅游信息/指南、征稿启事、招聘启事、失物招领等；另一类是叙述性应用文，如书信、日记、便条、报告、请帖等。目的都是向读者传输信息。高考试题主要为说明性应用文，偶尔也会有叙述性应用文类的文章出现。
考情分析：分析2021-2023年新高考阅读理解应用文类考向分布。
年份 试题来源 主题语境
2023 新高考I卷 人与社会：阿姆斯特丹自行车租赁和雇佣导游的操作
新高考II卷 人与自然：黄石国家公园提供的几项护林员项目
全国甲卷 人与社会：曼谷美食之旅的建议
北京卷 人与社会：成为国际奥委会青年领袖的项目以及要求
浙江省1月 人与社会：介绍探险家营地的相关信息
2022 新高考I卷 人与社会：文学概论课程评分办法
新高考II卷 人与社会：关于儿童博物馆团体游的相关信息
全国甲卷 人与社会：介绍Cardiff当地的一些剧院和娱乐场所
全国乙卷 人与社会：介绍为纪念苏格兰最受欢迎的画家亨利·雷伯恩爵士进行的展览的相关情况。
北京卷 人与社会：介绍了同伴辅助学习课程(PASS)
天津卷 人与社会：高中毕业生如何为大学生活做更好准备的四个技巧
2021 新高考I卷 人与社会：罗马的几个价格低廉，安全舒适的旅馆
新高考II卷 人与社会：夏天约克郡的四个活动
全国甲卷 人与社会：摄影比赛以及获奖的相关情况
全国乙卷 人与社会：介绍了世界上最大的几座体育馆的相关信息
北京卷 人与社会：联合国教科文组织的实习项目
【命题规律】
根据新高考三年的考情分析，应用文主要集中考查：细节理解题和推理判断题。应用文的内容简单，多是生活实际中的广告类文章，目的是让学生学习生活英语，做到学以致用。
【命题预测】
2024年高考还会考查应用文，总是在阅读的开篇考查，是试题难度较低的试题。这篇阅读理解要拿满分。
考点清单一 应用文体考查特点
1.文体特点
应用文主要是为了向读者传递信息，措辞简洁明了，一般来说，和所述问题无关的文字不会出现。例如很多文章没有标题，甚至通篇没有一个完整的句子，而是用词、数字、缩写、短语等来替代。
2.选材特点
信息量大，文句精练，形式灵活，用最小的篇幅表述最大量的信息。其中书信，招聘和商品销售等广告，交通运输时刻表，日记等的比例较大。其内容特点表现为：生活化，实用化，多样化。
3.形式特点
标题醒目，重点突出，条理清晰，常用粗体字或各类项目符号使文章结构更鲜明。
4.语言特点
文章充斥大量冗长而生僻的专有名词，如人名、地名、机构名、组织名、书籍名、作品名等等，而且没有汉语注释。缩略词、祈使句、省略句多。
5.行文方式
应用文的每种文体都有固定的格式。叙述性应用文采用一般记叙文的写作方法，无特别之处；说明性应用文的行文呈排列式，即以小标题为单位逐一下行排列。
考点清单二 应用文的命题特点
广告类阅读是近几年高考英语阅读理解最常考的题材，在阅读理解的选材中占有很大的比重。命题者的目的是要考查考生提取信息和处理信息的能力，所以命题的题型多是以获取信息为主的细节理解题。现在是信息爆炸时代，报纸、电视、互连网等媒体上的广告铺天盖地，我们在日常生活中随处可以见到形形色色的广告。我们面临升学、就业、旅游、购房等问题时都会想到广告，希望能从各种广告中获取有用信息，实现我们的愿望，解决实际的生活、工作等问题。因此，高考命题人十分注重考查考生对广告等应用文体的阅读能力，这也是一种运用所学语言知识解决实际问题的能力。
广告类阅读题的四大特点：
1.材料特点：大家知道，刊登广告是要钱的，为了节省费用，人们在拟写广告时往往都希望用最少的篇幅表现最大量的信息，这就决定了广告类材料通常具有以下特点：信息量大，用词简练，形式灵活。
2.内容特点：综观近几年的高考英语阅读理解题，其中广告类阅读题内容主要涉及的是与人们生活息息相关的信息，如产品宣传、服务介绍、招生招聘等。
3.形式特点：做广告的主要目的就是要让受众了解并记住广告的内容，并为广告上所刊登的内容(产品或服务等)买单。为了达到这一目的，人们在设计广告时往往会做到：标题醒目，重点突出，条理清楚。
4.用词特点：广告类阅读材料的用词有三多特点：一是人名、地名、专有名词多；二是生词多；三是缩略词、省略句多。
高考英语应用文的设问一般是按照文章段落的顺序依次设置，主要考查考生提取信息和处理信息的能力，既考查对特定细节的选取、排除、类比、综合，又注重推理判断题的考查，题目设置相对容易。具体讲来主要有三大类：
(1)细节理解题，即要求考生对阅读材料中的某一具体事实和细节进行理解。这一题型常见的命题方式有事实认定题、图形辨认题、数字运算题等。还可能是某两则广告中内容进行对比，找出共同之处。
(2)细节推理题。这类题主要考查考生根据文章的字面意思，通过分析语篇的逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓意等。细节推理题属于主观性较强的高层次阅读理解题。
(3)主旨大意题。该类题主要考查考生对所读材料中心思想的概括，其考查形式有很多，如概括标题、主题、中心思想等。
考点清单三 高考英语阅读理解题中，应用文具有以下一些特点：
1. 题材多样、注重实用
广告题材涉及美食之旅、职业从业者、自行车租赁、旅游观光等方面，题材十分丰富，而且与实际生活联系紧密。
2. 语言地道、简洁明了
①简单句多，复杂句少。广告所用语言较简洁，多采用简单句，句型结构较为复杂的长、难句很少，因此读上去比较容易。例如：
Welcome to Amsterdam, welcome to MacBike. You see much more from the seat of a bike! (2023年新高考I卷)
Bangkok is a highly desirable destination for food lovers. (2023年全国甲卷)
In 1322 she was tried for practicing unlawfully. (2023年全国乙卷)
②多采用短语、省略句。广告多采用非完整句，短语、省略很常见，更加有效地传达信息。例如：
Grading Scale
90-100, A; 80-89, B; 70-79, C; 60-69, D; Below 60, E.
Essays (60%)
Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade for this course: Essay 1 = 10%; Essay 2 = 15%; Essay 3 = 15%; Essay 4 = 20%. (2022年新高考I卷)
3. 设题灵活、筛选信息。广告的设题方式主要有：
1)理解写作意图
这样的题目要求考生能理解作者的写作目的、主旨大意以及广告的体裁特点。例如：
What’s the purpose of the text
All these advertisements are aimed at those _________.
2)获取文中信息
有关广告的阅读试题大部分为这类题目，要求考生读懂文中的关键信息。例如：
How much do you pay for renting a bike with hand brake and three gears for two days
Which restaurant offers a large set menu
3)理解深层含义
这类题目要求考生理解某一句话的深层含义，也就是透过字里行间，读懂它的言外之意。例如：
“Space is limited, so early registration is welcome.” means _________.
考点清单四 命题趋势
1.考点趋势：今后对语篇领悟能力的检测仍是高考的重点和基本点，同时还需关注对主旨大意题和文章结构题的考查。
2.理解层次趋势：表层意义理解题减少，深层含义理解题增多。考查难度有所增加，由简单寻找信息向多层次细节推理的趋势比较明显。
3.信息量和词汇量：阅读理解材料信息浓缩，词汇总量减少，但对词汇量的考查在加大，非考纲词汇有所增加(主要为词根加上前、后缀或有词义转化的词)。旨在引导学生掌握词汇的合成、派生和转化，让考生能通过上下文或构词法来理解词汇的含义。考试说明中根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义这一新要求预示对能力要求有所提高。
4.句子的难度：长句增多，句子难度加大。复合句、省略句、倒装句和插入语等语言现象普遍。
5.体裁和题材：继续体现体裁和题材多样化，并彰显英语国家语言与文化特点，强化文化意识的渗透。题材涉猎广泛，体现语言是文化的载体这一理念。
考点清单五 应用文的解题技巧
1.先看题干，再读文章
做阅读理解是先看问题，还是先看文章，这是很多同学经常问的问题。我觉得这两种方法各有利弊，应视具体情况而定。就广告文章而言，先看问题比较好，因为广告类的试题绝大部分是寻找信息的题目，可采用“寻读法”。大可不必从头读到尾，带着问题有针对性地去跳读、略读，先放下不认识的专有名词，跳过去，这样就可以节约不少时间。
2. 好好把握广告的标题
如果广告有标题，大标题下又有小标题，那么，快速寻找原文信息时，这些标题就是很重要的线索，可以帮助我们快速准确地找到答案。有些题目考查的就是对广告标题的理解。
3. 逐项比较，选出最佳答案
做阅读理解题，切不可凭自己的主观印象，或根据所谓的经验，想当然地确定答案。任何一道题目，均可以在原文中找到相关线索，这就如同破译密码一样。解题人的思维过程和出题人的思维过程恰好相反，出题人先找好线索，然后设计问题和选项，而解题人根据问题，再去文中找相关线索。因此，我们做题时要逐项比较，排除错误选项，选出最佳答案。
2023年新高考I卷(A篇)
Bike Rental & Guided Tours
Welcome to Amsterdam, welcome to MacBike. You see much more from the seat of a bike! Cycling is the most economical, sustainable and fun way to explore the city, with its beautiful canals, parks, squares and countless lights. You can also bike along lovely landscapes outside of Amsterdam.
Why MacBike
MacBike has been around for almost 30 years and is the biggest bicycle rental company in Amsterdam. With over 2,500 bikes stored in our five rental shops at strategic locations, we make sure there is always a bike available for you. We offer the newest bicycles in a wide variety, including basic bikes with foot brake(刹车), bikes with hand brake and gears(排挡), bikes with child seats, and children’s bikes.
Prices
Hand Brake, Three Gears Foot Brake, No Gears
1 hour ?7.50 ?5.00
3 hours ?11.00 ?7.50
1 day(24 hours) ?14.75 ?9.75
Each additional day ?8.00 ?6.00
Guided City Tours
The 2.5-hour tour covers the Gooyer Windmill, the Skinny Bridge, the Rijksmuseum, Heineken Brewery and much more. The tour departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour, starting at 1:00 pm every day. You can buy your ticket in a MacBike shop or book online.
21.What is an advantage of MacBike
A. It gives children a discount. B. It offers many types of bikes.
C. It organizes free cycle tours. D. It has over 2,500 rental shops.
22.How much do you pay for renting a bike with hand brake and three gears for two days
A. ?15.75. B. ?19.50. C. ?22.75. D. ?29.50.
23.Where does the guided city tour start
A. The Gooyer, Windmill. B. The Skinny Bridge.
C. Heineken Brewery. D. Dam Square.
【语篇导读】本篇应用文简要介绍了在阿姆斯特丹进行自行车租赁和雇佣导游的操作方式，价格等细节。
21.【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。根据题干关键词“an advantage of MacBike”定位到文章第二段“We offer the newest bicycles in a wide variety, including basic bikes with foot brake(刹车), bikes with hand brake and gears(排挡), bikes with child seats, and children’s bikes.(我们提供种类繁多的最新自行车，包括有脚刹的基本自行车、有手刹和带排挡的自行车、带儿童座椅的自行车和儿童自行车)”可知，MacBike的优势是它提供许多类型的自行车，故选B。
22.【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。根据题干所问的问题定位到定价表可知，租一辆带手刹和三档的自行车一天需要14.75欧元，额外增加天数每天8欧元。所以租一辆带手刹和三档的自行车两天需要14.75+8=22.75欧元，故选C。
23.【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题。根据题干关键词“the guided city tour”定位到文章最后一段“The tour departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour, starting at 1:00 pm every day.(旅游团每小时从大坝广场出发，每天下午1点开始)”可知，导游城市之旅从大坝广场开始，故选D。
2023年新高考II卷(A篇)
Yellowstone National Park offers a variety of ranger programs throughout the park, and throughout the year. The following are descriptions of the ranger programs this summer.
Experiencing Wildlife in Yellowstone(May 26 to September 2)
Whether you’re hiking a backcountry trail(小径), camping, or just enjoying the park’s amazing wildlife from the road, this quick workshop is for you and your family. Learn where to look for animals and how to safely enjoy your wildlife watching experience. Meet at the Canyon Village Store.
Junior Ranger Wildlife Olympics(June 5 to August 21)
Kids can test their skills and compare their abilities to the animals of Yellowstone. Stay for as little or as long as your plans allow. Meet in front of the Visitor Education Center.
Canyon Talks at Artist Point(June 9 to September 2)
From a classic viewpoint, enjoy Lower Falls, the Yellowstone River, and the breathtaking colors of the canyon(峡谷)while learning about the area’s natural and human history. Discover why artists and photographers continue to be drawn to this special place. Meet on the lower platform at Artist Point on the South Rim Drive for this short talk.
Photography Workshops(June 19 & July 10)
Enhance your photography skills—join Yellowstone’s park photographer for a hands-on program to inspire new and creative ways of enjoying the beauty and wonder of Yellowstone.
6/19—Waterfalls &Wide Angles: meet at Artist Point.
7/10—Wildflowers &White Balance: meet at Washburn Trailhead in Chittenden parking area.
21.Which of the four programs begins the earliest
A. Photography Workshops. B. Junior Ranger Wildlife Olympics.
C. Canyon Talks at Artist Point. D. Experiencing Wildlife in Yellowstone.
22.What is the short talk at Artist Point about
A. Works of famous artists. B. Protection of wild animals.
C. Basic photography skills. D. History of the canyon area.
23.Where will the participants meet for the July 10 photography workshop
A. Artist Point. B. Washburn Trailhead.
C. Canyon Village Store. D. Visitor Education Center.
【语篇导读】本篇应用文简要介绍了黄石国家公园提供的几项护林员项目。
21.【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题。根据题干关键词“the four programs”定位到每个项目后的时间。“Experiencing Wildlife in Yellowstone(May 26 to September 2)(在黄石体验野生动物<5月26日至9月2日>)”和“Junior Ranger Wildlife Olympics(June 5 to August 21)(少年游骑兵野生动物奥林匹克运动会<6月5日至8月21日>)”与“Canyon Talks at Artist Point(June 9 to September 2)(在Artist Point的峡谷会谈<6月9日至9月2日>)”以及“Photography Workshops(June 19 & July 10)(摄影研讨会<6月19日和7月10日>)”可知，四个项目中在黄石体验野生动物开始的时间最早，故选D。
22.【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题。根据题干关键词“the short talk at Artist Point”定位到“Canyon Talks at Artist Point(June 9 to September 2)(在Artist Point的峡谷会谈<6月9日至9月2日>)部分中的“From a classic viewpoint, enjoy Lower Falls, the Yellowstone River, and the breathtaking colors of the canyon(峡谷)while learning about the area’s natural and human history.(从一个经典的视角，欣赏下瀑布、黄石河和峡谷的壮丽色彩，同时了解该地区的自然和人类历史)”可知，在Artist Point的简短演讲主题是关于峡谷地区的历史的，故选D。
23.【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。根据题干关键词“the July 10 photography workshop”定位到文章“Photography Workshops(June 19 & July 10)(摄影研讨会(6月19日和7月10日))”部分中的“7/10—Wildflowers &White Balance: meet at Washburn Trailhead in Chittenden parking area.(7/10——Wildflowers &White Balance：在奇滕登停车场的Washburn Trailhead举行)”可知，7月10日的摄影研讨会将在Washburn Trailhead举行，故选B。
2023年全国甲卷(A篇)
Where to Eat in Bangkok
Bangkok is a highly desirable destination for food lovers. It has a seemingly bottomless well of dining options. Here are some suggestions on where to start your Bangkok eating adventure.
Nahm
Offering Thai fine dining. Nahm provides the best of Bangkok culinary(烹饪的)experiences. It’s the only Thai restaurant that ranks among the top 10 of the world’s 50 best restaurants list. Head Chef David Thompson, who received a Michelin star for his London-based Thai restaurant of the same name, opened this branch in the Metropolitan Hotel in 2010.
Issaya Siamese Club
Issaya Siamese Club is internationally known Thai chef Ian Kittichai’s first flagship Bangkok restaurant. The menu in this beautiful colonial house includes traditional Thai cuisine combined with modern cooking methods.
Bo.lan
Bo.lan has been making waves in Bangkok’s culinary scene since it opened in 2009. Serving hard-to-find Thai dishes in an elegant atmosphere, the restaurant is true to Thai cuisine’s roots, yet still manages to add a special twist. This place is good for a candle-lit dinner or a work meeting with colleagues who appreciate fine food. For those extremely hungry, there’s a large set menu.
Gaggan
Earning first place on the latest “Asia’s 50 best restaurants” list, progressive Indian restaurant Gaggan is one of the most exciting venues(场所)to arrive in Bangkok in recent years. The best table in this two-story colonial Thai home offers a window right into the kitchen, where you can see chef Gaggan and his staff in action. Culinary theater at its best.
21.What do Nahm and Issaya Siamese Club have in common
A. They adopt modern cooking methods. B. They have branches in London.
C. They have top-class chefs. D. They are based in hotels.
22.Which restaurant offers a large set menu
A. Gaggan. B. Bo. lan. C. Issaya Siamese Club. D. Nahm.
23.What is special about Gaggan
A. It hires staff from India. B. It puts on a play every day.
C. It serves hard-to-find local dishes. D. It shows the cooking process to guests.
【语篇导读】本篇应用文简要介绍了一些关于从哪里开始你的曼谷美食之旅的建议。
21.【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。根据题干关键词“Nahm and Issaya Siamese Club”定位到小标题Nahm下的段落中“Head Chef David Thompson, who received a Michelin star for his Loodon-based Thai restaurant of the same name, opened this branch in the Metropolitan Hotel in 2010.(主厨大卫·汤普森(David Thompson)在伦敦的同名泰国餐厅获得了米其林一星，他于2010年在大都会酒店开设了这家分店)”以及小标题Issays Stamese Club下的段落中“Issaya Siamese Club is intematoionally know Thai chef lan Kittichai’s first flagship Bangkok restaurant.(Issaya Siamese Club是国际知名的泰国厨师lan Kittichai的第一家曼谷旗舰餐厅)”可知，Nahm和Issaya Siamese Club的共同之处是他们都有一流的厨师，故选C项。
22.【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。根据题干关键词“a large set menu”定位到小标题Bo. tan下的段落中“For those extremely hungry there’s a large set menu.(对于那些极度饥饿的人来说，这里有一份很大的套餐)”可知，Bo. tan提供大型套餐，故选B项。
23..【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题。根据题干关键词“Gaggan”定位到小标题Gaggan下的段落中“The best table in this two-story colonial Thai home offers a window right into the kitchen, where you can see chef Gaggan and his staff in action.(在这座两层殖民时期的泰国住宅中，最好的桌子有一扇通往厨房的窗户，在那里你可以看到Gaggan厨师和他的员工在工作)”可知，Gaggan的特别之处是它向客人展示了烹饪过程，故选D项。
2023年全国乙卷(A篇)
PRACTITIONERS
Jacqueline Felice de Almania(c.1322)highlights the suspicion that women practicing medicine faced. Born to a Jewish family in Florence, she moved to Paris where she worked as a physician and performed surgery. In 1322 she was tried for practicing unlawfully. In spite of the court hearing testimonials(证明)of her ability as a doctor, she was banned from medicine. James Barry(c.1789 — 1865)was born Margaret Bulkley in Ireland but, dressed as a man, she was accepted by Edinburgh University to study medicine. She qualified as a surgeon in 1813, then joined the British Army, serving overseas. Barry retired in 1859, having practiced her entire medical profession living and working as a man.
Tan Yunxian(1461 — 1554)was a Chinese physician who learned her skills from her grandparents. Chinese women at the time could not serve apprenticeships(学徒期)with doctors. However, Tan passed the official exam. Tan treated women from all walks of life. In 1511, Tan wrote a book, Sayings of a Female Doctor, describing her life as a physician. Rebecca Lee Crumpler(1831 — 1895)worked as a nurse for eight years before studying in medical college in Boston in 1860. Four years later, she was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree. She moved to Virginia in 1865, where she provided medical care to freed slaves.
21.What did Jacqueline and James have in common
A. Doing teaching jobs. B. Being hired as physicians.
C. Performing surgery. D. Being banned from medicine.
22.How was Tan Yunxian different from the other practitioners
A. She wrote a book. B. She went through trials.
C. She worked as a dentist. D. She had formal education.
23.Who was the first African American with a medical degree
A. Jacqueline Felice de Almania. B. Tan Yunxian.
C. James Barry. D. Rebecca Lee Crumpler.
【语篇导读】本篇应用文介绍了中外历史上四位杰出的女性医生的生平与事迹。
21.【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。根据题干关键词“Jacqueline and James”定“章”到文章的第一部分以及第二部分。“Born to a Jewish family in Florence, she moved to Paris where she worked as a physician and performed surgery.(她出生于佛罗伦萨的一个犹太家庭，搬到巴黎当医生并做外科手术)”以及第二部分中的“She qualified as a surgeon in 1813(她获得了做外科医生的资格)”和“Barry retired in 1859, having practiced her entire medical profession living and working as a man.(Barry于1859年退休，她以男人的身份生活和工作，从事了整个医学职业)”可知，Jacqueline和James的共同点是都有资格进行外科手术，故选C。
22.【答案】A
【解析】推理判断题。通读全文，再根据文章第三部分中的“Tan wrote a book, Sayings of a Female Doctor, describing her life as a physician.(Tan写了一本书《女医生的故事》，描述了她作为一名医生的生活)”可推知，Tan与其他从业人员的不同之处在于她写了一本书，故选A。
23.【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题。根据题干关键词“the first African American with a medical degree”定位到文章第一部分中的“Four years later, she was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree.(四年后，她成为第一位获得医学学位的非裔美国女性)”可知，Rebecca Lee Crumpler是第一位获得医学学位的非裔美国人，故选D。
2024年浙江1月卷(A篇)
Tom Sawyer Play Is an Adventure
A 35-minute hand-clapping, foot-stomping musical version of a Mark Twain favorite returns with this Tall Stacks festival.
“Tom Sawyer: A River Adventure” has all the good stuff, including the fence painting, the graveyard, the island and the cave. It is adapted by Joe McDonough, with music by David Kisor. That’s the local stage writing team that creates many of the Children’s Theatre of Cincinnati’s original musicals, along with the holiday family musicals at Ensemble Theatre.
This year Nathan Turner of Burlington is Tom Sawyer, and Robbie McMath of Fort Mitchell is Huck Finn.
Tumer, a 10th-grader at School for Creative and Performing Arts, is a familiar presence on Cincinnati’s stages. He is a star act or of Children’s Theatre, having played leading roles in “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow” and “The Wizard of Oz,” and is fresh from Jersey Production “Ragtime”.
McMath is a junior at Beechwood High School. He was in the cast of “Tom Sawyer” when it was first performed and is a Children’s Theatre regular, with five shows to his credit. This summer he attended Kentucky’s Governor’s School for the Arts in Musical Theatre.
Note to teachers: Children’s Theatre has a study guide demonstrating how math and science can be taught through “Tom Sawyer.” For downloadable lessons, visit the official website of Children’s Theatre.
21.Who wrote the music for “Tom Sawyer: A River Adventure”
A. David Kisor. B. Joe McDonough. C. Nathan Turner. D. Robbie McMath.
22.What can we learn about the two actors
A. They study in the same school. B. They worked together in ”Ragtime“.
C. They are experienced on stage. D. They became friends ten years ago.
23.What does Children’s Theatre provide for teachers
A. Research funding. B. Training opportunities.
C. Technical support. D. Educational resources.
【语篇导读】本篇应用文简要介绍了由马克·吐温的作品所改编的音乐剧《汤姆·索亚：河上历险记》。
21.【答案】A
【解析】细节理解题。根据题干关键词“Tom Sawyer: A River Adventure”定位到第二段中的“It is adapted by Joe McDonough, with music by David Kisor.(本剧由乔·麦克多诺改编，大卫·基索作曲)”可知，本剧是由大卫·基索作曲的，故选A项。
22.【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。根据题干关键词“the two actors”定“章”到文章的第四段和第五段。根据第四段中的“Tumer, a 10th-grader at School for Creative and Performing Arts, is a familiar presence on Cincinnati’s stages. He is a star act or of Children’s Theatre, having played leading roles in “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow” and “The Wizard of Oz,” and is fresh from Jersey Production “Ragtime”.(Tumer是一名创意与表演艺术学校的10年级学生，是辛辛那提舞台上的常客。他是儿童剧院的明星演员，曾在《断头谷的传说》和《绿野仙踪》中担任主角，也是新泽西制作公司‘Ragtime’的新成员)”可知，Tumer是辛辛那提舞台上的常客，儿童剧院的明星演员，曾在《断头谷的传说》和《绿野仙踪》中担任主角；根据第五段中的“McMath is a junior at Beechwood High School. He was in the cast of “Tom Sewyer” when it was first performed and is a Children’s Theatre regular, with five shows to his credit.(McMath是比奇伍德高中的三年级学生。他是《汤姆·休厄》首演时的演员，也是儿童剧院的常客，演出了五场)”可知，McMath也是儿童剧院的常客；综合以上信息可知，这两位演员在舞台上经验丰富，故选C项。
23.【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题。根据题干关键词“Children’s Theatre provide for teachers”定位到尾段中的“Note to teachers: Children’s Theatre has a study guide demonstrating how math and science can be taught through “Tom Sawyer.” For downloadable lessons, visit the official website of Children’s Theatre.(给老师们的提示：儿童剧院有一份学习指南，展示了如何通过《汤姆·索亚》教授数学和科学。如欲下载课程，请访问儿童剧院官方网站)”可知，儿童剧院为教师提供了一份学习指南，展示如何通过《汤姆·索亚》教授数学和科学，可通过儿童剧院的网站下载课程；由此可知，儿童剧院为教师提供了教育资源，故选D项。
考纲解读
考情分析
知识链接
高考链接
19
专题十七 阅读理解之应用文类
应用文是在日常工作和生活中使用的文体，通常以实用性为目的、以真实性为基础、以时效性为根本、以规范性为准则。该文体一般可分为两大类：一类是说明性应用文，包括广告、宣传海报、公告(包括行车时刻表)、产品的说明书、旅游信息/指南、征稿启事、招聘启事、失物招领等；另一类是叙述性应用文，如书信、日记、便条、报告、请帖等。目的都是向读者传输信息。高考试题主要为说明性应用文，偶尔也会有叙述性应用文类的文章出现。
考情分析：分析2021-2023年新高考阅读理解应用文类考向分布。
年份 试题来源 主题语境
2023 新高考I卷 人与社会：阿姆斯特丹自行车租赁和雇佣导游的操作
新高考II卷 人与自然：黄石国家公园提供的几项护林员项目
全国甲卷 人与社会：曼谷美食之旅的建议
北京卷 人与社会：成为国际奥委会青年领袖的项目以及要求
浙江省1月 人与社会：介绍探险家营地的相关信息
2022 新高考I卷 人与社会：文学概论课程评分办法
新高考II卷 人与社会：关于儿童博物馆团体游的相关信息
全国甲卷 人与社会：介绍Cardiff当地的一些剧院和娱乐场所
全国乙卷 人与社会：介绍为纪念苏格兰最受欢迎的画家亨利·雷伯恩爵士进行的展览的相关情况。
北京卷 人与社会：介绍了同伴辅助学习课程(PASS)
天津卷 人与社会：高中毕业生如何为大学生活做更好准备的四个技巧
2021 新高考I卷 人与社会：罗马的几个价格低廉，安全舒适的旅馆
新高考II卷 人与社会：夏天约克郡的四个活动
全国甲卷 人与社会：摄影比赛以及获奖的相关情况
全国乙卷 人与社会：介绍了世界上最大的几座体育馆的相关信息
北京卷 人与社会：联合国教科文组织的实习项目
【命题规律】
根据新高考三年的考情分析，应用文主要集中考查：细节理解题和推理判断题。应用文的内容简单，多是生活实际中的广告类文章，目的是让学生学习生活英语，做到学以致用。
【命题预测】
2024年高考还会考查应用文，总是在阅读的开篇考查，是试题难度较低的试题。这篇阅读理解要拿满分。
考点清单一 应用文体考查特点
1.文体特点
应用文主要是为了向读者传递信息，措辞简洁明了，一般来说，和所述问题无关的文字不会出现。例如很多文章没有标题，甚至通篇没有一个完整的句子，而是用词、数字、缩写、短语等来替代。
2.选材特点
信息量大，文句精练，形式灵活，用最小的篇幅表述最大量的信息。其中书信，招聘和商品销售等广告，交通运输时刻表，日记等的比例较大。其内容特点表现为：生活化，实用化，多样化。
3.形式特点
标题醒目，重点突出，条理清晰，常用粗体字或各类项目符号使文章结构更鲜明。
4.语言特点
文章充斥大量冗长而生僻的专有名词，如人名、地名、机构名、组织名、书籍名、作品名等等，而且没有汉语注释。缩略词、祈使句、省略句多。
5.行文方式
应用文的每种文体都有固定的格式。叙述性应用文采用一般记叙文的写作方法，无特别之处；说明性应用文的行文呈排列式，即以小标题为单位逐一下行排列。
考点清单二 应用文的命题特点
广告类阅读是近几年高考英语阅读理解最常考的题材，在阅读理解的选材中占有很大的比重。命题者的目的是要考查考生提取信息和处理信息的能力，所以命题的题型多是以获取信息为主的细节理解题。现在是信息爆炸时代，报纸、电视、互连网等媒体上的广告铺天盖地，我们在日常生活中随处可以见到形形色色的广告。我们面临升学、就业、旅游、购房等问题时都会想到广告，希望能从各种广告中获取有用信息，实现我们的愿望，解决实际的生活、工作等问题。因此，高考命题人十分注重考查考生对广告等应用文体的阅读能力，这也是一种运用所学语言知识解决实际问题的能力。
广告类阅读题的四大特点：
1.材料特点：大家知道，刊登广告是要钱的，为了节省费用，人们在拟写广告时往往都希望用最少的篇幅表现最大量的信息，这就决定了广告类材料通常具有以下特点：信息量大，用词简练，形式灵活。
2.内容特点：综观近几年的高考英语阅读理解题，其中广告类阅读题内容主要涉及的是与人们生活息息相关的信息，如产品宣传、服务介绍、招生招聘等。
3.形式特点：做广告的主要目的就是要让受众了解并记住广告的内容，并为广告上所刊登的内容(产品或服务等)买单。为了达到这一目的，人们在设计广告时往往会做到：标题醒目，重点突出，条理清楚。
4.用词特点：广告类阅读材料的用词有三多特点：一是人名、地名、专有名词多；二是生词多；三是缩略词、省略句多。
高考英语应用文的设问一般是按照文章段落的顺序依次设置，主要考查考生提取信息和处理信息的能力，既考查对特定细节的选取、排除、类比、综合，又注重推理判断题的考查，题目设置相对容易。具体讲来主要有三大类：
(1)细节理解题，即要求考生对阅读材料中的某一具体事实和细节进行理解。这一题型常见的命题方式有事实认定题、图形辨认题、数字运算题等。还可能是某两则广告中内容进行对比，找出共同之处。
(2)细节推理题。这类题主要考查考生根据文章的字面意思，通过分析语篇的逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓意等。细节推理题属于主观性较强的高层次阅读理解题。
(3)主旨大意题。该类题主要考查考生对所读材料中心思想的概括，其考查形式有很多，如概括标题、主题、中心思想等。
考点清单三 高考英语阅读理解题中，应用文具有以下一些特点：
1. 题材多样、注重实用
广告题材涉及美食之旅、职业从业者、自行车租赁、旅游观光等方面，题材十分丰富，而且与实际生活联系紧密。
2. 语言地道、简洁明了
①简单句多，复杂句少。广告所用语言较简洁，多采用简单句，句型结构较为复杂的长、难句很少，因此读上去比较容易。例如：
Welcome to Amsterdam, welcome to MacBike. You see much more from the seat of a bike! (2023年新高考I卷)
Bangkok is a highly desirable destination for food lovers. (2023年全国甲卷)
In 1322 she was tried for practicing unlawfully. (2023年全国乙卷)
②多采用短语、省略句。广告多采用非完整句，短语、省略很常见，更加有效地传达信息。例如：
Grading Scale
90-100, A; 80-89, B; 70-79, C; 60-69, D; Below 60, E.
Essays (60%)
Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade for this course: Essay 1 = 10%; Essay 2 = 15%; Essay 3 = 15%; Essay 4 = 20%. (2022年新高考I卷)
3. 设题灵活、筛选信息。广告的设题方式主要有：
1)理解写作意图
这样的题目要求考生能理解作者的写作目的、主旨大意以及广告的体裁特点。例如：
What’s the purpose of the text
All these advertisements are aimed at those _________.
2)获取文中信息
有关广告的阅读试题大部分为这类题目，要求考生读懂文中的关键信息。例如：
How much do you pay for renting a bike with hand brake and three gears for two days
Which restaurant offers a large set menu
3)理解深层含义
这类题目要求考生理解某一句话的深层含义，也就是透过字里行间，读懂它的言外之意。例如：
“Space is limited, so early registration is welcome.” means _________.
考点清单四 命题趋势
1.考点趋势：今后对语篇领悟能力的检测仍是高考的重点和基本点，同时还需关注对主旨大意题和文章结构题的考查。
2.理解层次趋势：表层意义理解题减少，深层含义理解题增多。考查难度有所增加，由简单寻找信息向多层次细节推理的趋势比较明显。
3.信息量和词汇量：阅读理解材料信息浓缩，词汇总量减少，但对词汇量的考查在加大，非考纲词汇有所增加(主要为词根加上前、后缀或有词义转化的词)。旨在引导学生掌握词汇的合成、派生和转化，让考生能通过上下文或构词法来理解词汇的含义。考试说明中根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义这一新要求预示对能力要求有所提高。
4.句子的难度：长句增多，句子难度加大。复合句、省略句、倒装句和插入语等语言现象普遍。
5.体裁和题材：继续体现体裁和题材多样化，并彰显英语国家语言与文化特点，强化文化意识的渗透。题材涉猎广泛，体现语言是文化的载体这一理念。
考点清单五 应用文的解题技巧
1.先看题干，再读文章
做阅读理解是先看问题，还是先看文章，这是很多同学经常问的问题。我觉得这两种方法各有利弊，应视具体情况而定。就广告文章而言，先看问题比较好，因为广告类的试题绝大部分是寻找信息的题目，可采用“寻读法”。大可不必从头读到尾，带着问题有针对性地去跳读、略读，先放下不认识的专有名词，跳过去，这样就可以节约不少时间。
2. 好好把握广告的标题
如果广告有标题，大标题下又有小标题，那么，快速寻找原文信息时，这些标题就是很重要的线索，可以帮助我们快速准确地找到答案。有些题目考查的就是对广告标题的理解。
3. 逐项比较，选出最佳答案
做阅读理解题，切不可凭自己的主观印象，或根据所谓的经验，想当然地确定答案。任何一道题目，均可以在原文中找到相关线索，这就如同破译密码一样。解题人的思维过程和出题人的思维过程恰好相反，出题人先找好线索，然后设计问题和选项，而解题人根据问题，再去文中找相关线索。因此，我们做题时要逐项比较，排除错误选项，选出最佳答案。
2023年新高考I卷(A篇)
Bike Rental & Guided Tours
Welcome to Amsterdam, welcome to MacBike. You see much more from the seat of a bike! Cycling is the most economical, sustainable and fun way to explore the city, with its beautiful canals, parks, squares and countless lights. You can also bike along lovely landscapes outside of Amsterdam.
Why MacBike
MacBike has been around for almost 30 years and is the biggest bicycle rental company in Amsterdam. With over 2,500 bikes stored in our five rental shops at strategic locations, we make sure there is always a bike available for you. We offer the newest bicycles in a wide variety, including basic bikes with foot brake(刹车), bikes with hand brake and gears(排挡), bikes with child seats, and children’s bikes.
Prices
Hand Brake, Three Gears Foot Brake, No Gears
1 hour ?7.50 ?5.00
3 hours ?11.00 ?7.50
1 day(24 hours) ?14.75 ?9.75
Each additional day ?8.00 ?6.00
Guided City Tours
The 2.5-hour tour covers the Gooyer Windmill, the Skinny Bridge, the Rijksmuseum, Heineken Brewery and much more. The tour departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour, starting at 1:00 pm every day. You can buy your ticket in a MacBike shop or book online.
21.What is an advantage of MacBike
A. It gives children a discount. B. It offers many types of bikes.
C. It organizes free cycle tours. D. It has over 2,500 rental shops.
22.How much do you pay for renting a bike with hand brake and three gears for two days
A. ?15.75. B. ?19.50. C. ?22.75. D. ?29.50.
23.Where does the guided city tour start
A. The Gooyer, Windmill. B. The Skinny Bridge.
C. Heineken Brewery. D. Dam Square.
【语篇导读】本篇应用文简要介绍了在阿姆斯特丹进行自行车租赁和雇佣导游的操作方式，价格等细节。
21.【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。根据题干关键词“an advantage of MacBike”定位到文章第二段“We offer the newest bicycles in a wide variety, including basic bikes with foot brake(刹车), bikes with hand brake and gears(排挡), bikes with child seats, and children’s bikes.(我们提供种类繁多的最新自行车，包括有脚刹的基本自行车、有手刹和带排挡的自行车、带儿童座椅的自行车和儿童自行车)”可知，MacBike的优势是它提供许多类型的自行车，故选B。
22.【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。根据题干所问的问题定位到定价表可知，租一辆带手刹和三档的自行车一天需要14.75欧元，额外增加天数每天8欧元。所以租一辆带手刹和三档的自行车两天需要14.75+8=22.75欧元，故选C。
23.【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题。根据题干关键词“the guided city tour”定位到文章最后一段“The tour departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour, starting at 1:00 pm every day.(旅游团每小时从大坝广场出发，每天下午1点开始)”可知，导游城市之旅从大坝广场开始，故选D。
2023年新高考II卷(A篇)
Yellowstone National Park offers a variety of ranger programs throughout the park, and throughout the year. The following are descriptions of the ranger programs this summer.
Experiencing Wildlife in Yellowstone(May 26 to September 2)
Whether you’re hiking a backcountry trail(小径), camping, or just enjoying the park’s amazing wildlife from the road, this quick workshop is for you and your family. Learn where to look for animals and how to safely enjoy your wildlife watching experience. Meet at the Canyon Village Store.
Junior Ranger Wildlife Olympics(June 5 to August 21)
Kids can test their skills and compare their abilities to the animals of Yellowstone. Stay for as little or as long as your plans allow. Meet in front of the Visitor Education Center.
Canyon Talks at Artist Point(June 9 to September 2)
From a classic viewpoint, enjoy Lower Falls, the Yellowstone River, and the breathtaking colors of the canyon(峡谷)while learning about the area’s natural and human history. Discover why artists and photographers continue to be drawn to this special place. Meet on the lower platform at Artist Point on the South Rim Drive for this short talk.
Photography Workshops(June 19 & July 10)
Enhance your photography skills—join Yellowstone’s park photographer for a hands-on program to inspire new and creative ways of enjoying the beauty and wonder of Yellowstone.
6/19—Waterfalls &Wide Angles: meet at Artist Point.
7/10—Wildflowers &White Balance: meet at Washburn Trailhead in Chittenden parking area.
21.Which of the four programs begins the earliest
A. Photography Workshops. B. Junior Ranger Wildlife Olympics.
C. Canyon Talks at Artist Point. D. Experiencing Wildlife in Yellowstone.
22.What is the short talk at Artist Point about
A. Works of famous artists. B. Protection of wild animals.
C. Basic photography skills. D. History of the canyon area.
23.Where will the participants meet for the July 10 photography workshop
A. Artist Point. B. Washburn Trailhead.
C. Canyon Village Store. D. Visitor Education Center.
【语篇导读】本篇应用文简要介绍了黄石国家公园提供的几项护林员项目。
21.【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题。根据题干关键词“the four programs”定位到每个项目后的时间。“Experiencing Wildlife in Yellowstone(May 26 to September 2)(在黄石体验野生动物<5月26日至9月2日>)”和“Junior Ranger Wildlife Olympics(June 5 to August 21)(少年游骑兵野生动物奥林匹克运动会<6月5日至8月21日>)”与“Canyon Talks at Artist Point(June 9 to September 2)(在Artist Point的峡谷会谈<6月9日至9月2日>)”以及“Photography Workshops(June 19 & July 10)(摄影研讨会<6月19日和7月10日>)”可知，四个项目中在黄石体验野生动物开始的时间最早，故选D。
22.【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题。根据题干关键词“the short talk at Artist Point”定位到“Canyon Talks at Artist Point(June 9 to September 2)(在Artist Point的峡谷会谈<6月9日至9月2日>)部分中的“From a classic viewpoint, enjoy Lower Falls, the Yellowstone River, and the breathtaking colors of the canyon(峡谷)while learning about the area’s natural and human history.(从一个经典的视角，欣赏下瀑布、黄石河和峡谷的壮丽色彩，同时了解该地区的自然和人类历史)”可知，在Artist Point的简短演讲主题是关于峡谷地区的历史的，故选D。
23.【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。根据题干关键词“the July 10 photography workshop”定位到文章“Photography Workshops(June 19 & July 10)(摄影研讨会(6月19日和7月10日))”部分中的“7/10—Wildflowers &White Balance: meet at Washburn Trailhead in Chittenden parking area.(7/10——Wildflowers &White Balance：在奇滕登停车场的Washburn Trailhead举行)”可知，7月10日的摄影研讨会将在Washburn Trailhead举行，故选B。
2023年全国甲卷(A篇)
Where to Eat in Bangkok
Bangkok is a highly desirable destination for food lovers. It has a seemingly bottomless well of dining options. Here are some suggestions on where to start your Bangkok eating adventure.
Nahm
Offering Thai fine dining. Nahm provides the best of Bangkok culinary(烹饪的)experiences. It’s the only Thai restaurant that ranks among the top 10 of the world’s 50 best restaurants list. Head Chef David Thompson, who received a Michelin star for his London-based Thai restaurant of the same name, opened this branch in the Metropolitan Hotel in 2010.
Issaya Siamese Club
Issaya Siamese Club is internationally known Thai chef Ian Kittichai’s first flagship Bangkok restaurant. The menu in this beautiful colonial house includes traditional Thai cuisine combined with modern cooking methods.
Bo.lan
Bo.lan has been making waves in Bangkok’s culinary scene since it opened in 2009. Serving hard-to-find Thai dishes in an elegant atmosphere, the restaurant is true to Thai cuisine’s roots, yet still manages to add a special twist. This place is good for a candle-lit dinner or a work meeting with colleagues who appreciate fine food. For those extremely hungry, there’s a large set menu.
Gaggan
Earning first place on the latest “Asia’s 50 best restaurants” list, progressive Indian restaurant Gaggan is one of the most exciting venues(场所)to arrive in Bangkok in recent years. The best table in this two-story colonial Thai home offers a window right into the kitchen, where you can see chef Gaggan and his staff in action. Culinary theater at its best.
21.What do Nahm and Issaya Siamese Club have in common
A. They adopt modern cooking methods. B. They have branches in London.
C. They have top-class chefs. D. They are based in hotels.
22.Which restaurant offers a large set menu
A. Gaggan. B. Bo. lan. C. Issaya Siamese Club. D. Nahm.
23.What is special about Gaggan
A. It hires staff from India. B. It puts on a play every day.
C. It serves hard-to-find local dishes. D. It shows the cooking process to guests.
【语篇导读】本篇应用文简要介绍了一些关于从哪里开始你的曼谷美食之旅的建议。
21.【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。根据题干关键词“Nahm and Issaya Siamese Club”定位到小标题Nahm下的段落中“Head Chef David Thompson, who received a Michelin star for his Loodon-based Thai restaurant of the same name, opened this branch in the Metropolitan Hotel in 2010.(主厨大卫·汤普森(David Thompson)在伦敦的同名泰国餐厅获得了米其林一星，他于2010年在大都会酒店开设了这家分店)”以及小标题Issays Stamese Club下的段落中“Issaya Siamese Club is intematoionally know Thai chef lan Kittichai’s first flagship Bangkok restaurant.(Issaya Siamese Club是国际知名的泰国厨师lan Kittichai的第一家曼谷旗舰餐厅)”可知，Nahm和Issaya Siamese Club的共同之处是他们都有一流的厨师，故选C项。
22.【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。根据题干关键词“a large set menu”定位到小标题Bo. tan下的段落中“For those extremely hungry there’s a large set menu.(对于那些极度饥饿的人来说，这里有一份很大的套餐)”可知，Bo. tan提供大型套餐，故选B项。
23..【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题。根据题干关键词“Gaggan”定位到小标题Gaggan下的段落中“The best table in this two-story colonial Thai home offers a window right into the kitchen, where you can see chef Gaggan and his staff in action.(在这座两层殖民时期的泰国住宅中，最好的桌子有一扇通往厨房的窗户，在那里你可以看到Gaggan厨师和他的员工在工作)”可知，Gaggan的特别之处是它向客人展示了烹饪过程，故选D项。
2023年全国乙卷(A篇)
PRACTITIONERS
Jacqueline Felice de Almania(c.1322)highlights the suspicion that women practicing medicine faced. Born to a Jewish family in Florence, she moved to Paris where she worked as a physician and performed surgery. In 1322 she was tried for practicing unlawfully. In spite of the court hearing testimonials(证明)of her ability as a doctor, she was banned from medicine. James Barry(c.1789 — 1865)was born Margaret Bulkley in Ireland but, dressed as a man, she was accepted by Edinburgh University to study medicine. She qualified as a surgeon in 1813, then joined the British Army, serving overseas. Barry retired in 1859, having practiced her entire medical profession living and working as a man.
Tan Yunxian(1461 — 1554)was a Chinese physician who learned her skills from her grandparents. Chinese women at the time could not serve apprenticeships(学徒期)with doctors. However, Tan passed the official exam. Tan treated women from all walks of life. In 1511, Tan wrote a book, Sayings of a Female Doctor, describing her life as a physician. Rebecca Lee Crumpler(1831 — 1895)worked as a nurse for eight years before studying in medical college in Boston in 1860. Four years later, she was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree. She moved to Virginia in 1865, where she provided medical care to freed slaves.
21.What did Jacqueline and James have in common
A. Doing teaching jobs. B. Being hired as physicians.
C. Performing surgery. D. Being banned from medicine.
22.How was Tan Yunxian different from the other practitioners
A. She wrote a book. B. She went through trials.
C. She worked as a dentist. D. She had formal education.
23.Who was the first African American with a medical degree
A. Jacqueline Felice de Almania. B. Tan Yunxian.
C. James Barry. D. Rebecca Lee Crumpler.
【语篇导读】本篇应用文介绍了中外历史上四位杰出的女性医生的生平与事迹。
21.【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。根据题干关键词“Jacqueline and James”定“章”到文章的第一部分以及第二部分。“Born to a Jewish family in Florence, she moved to Paris where she worked as a physician and performed surgery.(她出生于佛罗伦萨的一个犹太家庭，搬到巴黎当医生并做外科手术)”以及第二部分中的“She qualified as a surgeon in 1813(她获得了做外科医生的资格)”和“Barry retired in 1859, having practiced her entire medical profession living and working as a man.(Barry于1859年退休，她以男人的身份生活和工作，从事了整个医学职业)”可知，Jacqueline和James的共同点是都有资格进行外科手术，故选C。
22.【答案】A
【解析】推理判断题。通读全文，再根据文章第三部分中的“Tan wrote a book, Sayings of a Female Doctor, describing her life as a physician.(Tan写了一本书《女医生的故事》，描述了她作为一名医生的生活)”可推知，Tan与其他从业人员的不同之处在于她写了一本书，故选A。
23.【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题。根据题干关键词“the first African American with a medical degree”定位到文章第一部分中的“Four years later, she was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree.(四年后，她成为第一位获得医学学位的非裔美国女性)”可知，Rebecca Lee Crumpler是第一位获得医学学位的非裔美国人，故选D。
2024年浙江1月卷(A篇)
Tom Sawyer Play Is an Adventure
A 35-minute hand-clapping, foot-stomping musical version of a Mark Twain favorite returns with this Tall Stacks festival.
“Tom Sawyer: A River Adventure” has all the good stuff, including the fence painting, the graveyard, the island and the cave. It is adapted by Joe McDonough, with music by David Kisor. That’s the local stage writing team that creates many of the Children’s Theatre of Cincinnati’s original musicals, along with the holiday family musicals at Ensemble Theatre.
This year Nathan Turner of Burlington is Tom Sawyer, and Robbie McMath of Fort Mitchell is Huck Finn.
Tumer, a 10th-grader at School for Creative and Performing Arts, is a familiar presence on Cincinnati’s stages. He is a star act or of Children’s Theatre, having played leading roles in “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow” and “The Wizard of Oz,” and is fresh from Jersey Production “Ragtime”.
McMath is a junior at Beechwood High School. He was in the cast of “Tom Sawyer” when it was first performed and is a Children’s Theatre regular, with five shows to his credit. This summer he attended Kentucky’s Governor’s School for the Arts in Musical Theatre.
Note to teachers: Children’s Theatre has a study guide demonstrating how math and science can be taught through “Tom Sawyer.” For downloadable lessons, visit the official website of Children’s Theatre.
21.Who wrote the music for “Tom Sawyer: A River Adventure”
A. David Kisor. B. Joe McDonough. C. Nathan Turner. D. Robbie McMath.
22.What can we learn about the two actors
A. They study in the same school. B. They worked together in ”Ragtime“.
C. They are experienced on stage. D. They became friends ten years ago.
23.What does Children’s Theatre provide for teachers
A. Research funding. B. Training opportunities.
C. Technical support. D. Educational resources.
【语篇导读】本篇应用文简要介绍了由马克·吐温的作品所改编的音乐剧《汤姆·索亚：河上历险记》。
21.【答案】A
【解析】细节理解题。根据题干关键词“Tom Sawyer: A River Adventure”定位到第二段中的“It is adapted by Joe McDonough, with music by David Kisor.(本剧由乔·麦克多诺改编，大卫·基索作曲)”可知，本剧是由大卫·基索作曲的，故选A项。
22.【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。根据题干关键词“the two actors”定“章”到文章的第四段和第五段。根据第四段中的“Tumer, a 10th-grader at School for Creative and Performing Arts, is a familiar presence on Cincinnati’s stages. He is a star act or of Children’s Theatre, having played leading roles in “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow” and “The Wizard of Oz,” and is fresh from Jersey Production “Ragtime”.(Tumer是一名创意与表演艺术学校的10年级学生，是辛辛那提舞台上的常客。他是儿童剧院的明星演员，曾在《断头谷的传说》和《绿野仙踪》中担任主角，也是新泽西制作公司‘Ragtime’的新成员)”可知，Tumer是辛辛那提舞台上的常客，儿童剧院的明星演员，曾在《断头谷的传说》和《绿野仙踪》中担任主角；根据第五段中的“McMath is a junior at Beechwood High School. He was in the cast of “Tom Sewyer” when it was first performed and is a Children’s Theatre regular, with five shows to his credit.(McMath是比奇伍德高中的三年级学生。他是《汤姆·休厄》首演时的演员，也是儿童剧院的常客，演出了五场)”可知，McMath也是儿童剧院的常客；综合以上信息可知，这两位演员在舞台上经验丰富，故选C项。
23.【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题。根据题干关键词“Children’s Theatre provide for teachers”定位到尾段中的“Note to teachers: Children’s Theatre has a study guide demonstrating how math and science can be taught through “Tom Sawyer.” For downloadable lessons, visit the official website of Children’s Theatre.(给老师们的提示：儿童剧院有一份学习指南，展示了如何通过《汤姆·索亚》教授数学和科学。如欲下载课程，请访问儿童剧院官方网站)”可知，儿童剧院为教师提供了一份学习指南，展示如何通过《汤姆·索亚》教授数学和科学，可通过儿童剧院的网站下载课程；由此可知，儿童剧院为教师提供了教育资源，故选D项。
考纲解读
考情分析
知识链接
高考链接
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