2024届高考高三英语复习——情态动词和虚拟语气
1. 三年真题情态动词和虚拟语气考点细目表
时间 卷次 语法填空/短文改错/单项选择
2023 年 新高考 I 卷 语法填空: /
新高考 II 卷 语法填空: /
全国甲卷 语法填空: / 短文改错: /
全国乙卷 语法填空: / 短文改错: /
北京卷 语法填空: /
浙江卷 (1 月)语法填空: / (6 月)语法填空: /
天津卷 单项选择: /
2022 年 新高考 I 卷 语法填空: /
新高考 II 卷 语法填空: /
全国甲卷 语法填空: / 短文改错: /
全国乙卷 语法填空: / 短文改错: /
北京卷 语法填空: /
浙江卷 (1 月)语法填空: / (6 月)语法填空: /
天津卷 单项选择: /
2021 年 新高考 I 卷 语法填空: /
新高考 II 卷 语法填空: /
全国甲卷 语法填空: / 短文改错: /
全国乙卷 语法填空: /
短文改错: /
北京卷 语法填空: /
浙江卷 (1 月)语法填空: / (6 月)语法填空: /
天津卷 (第一次) 单项选择: could (第二次)单项选择: may have made
2. 命题规律及备考策略
【命题规律】
近 3 年对于情态动词和虚拟语气主要考查:
1.高考对情态动词的考查集中在情态动词的基本意义及“情态动词+ have done”结构语法上。
2.对虚拟语气而言,主要考查其在条件状语从句和名词性从句中的运用。
【备考策略】
1. 掌握情态动词的基本用法和推测用法;
2. 掌握情态动词+have done 的用法;
3. 掌握 if 虚拟条件下的虚拟语气(包括省略 if 的虚拟条件句);
4. 掌握含蓄虚拟条件下的虚拟语气;
5. 掌握特殊句式中的虚拟语气。
【命题预测】
情态动词和虚拟语气在历年全国卷高考中并非重点, 但是在天津卷和上海卷中市重点, 仍然是 高中英语语法学习中的重难点。
(
情态动词基本概念
)
情态动词本身有词义,但是没有人称和数的变化。情态动词有时态的变化,但是不能独立作谓语。情态动 词可以表示:能力、义务、可能性和允许等等意义;情态动词还可以用来给人们:提出请求、建议、意见
以及提供帮助等等。
考点一 情态动词基本用法和意义
情态动词 基本用法和意义 例句
can/could 1、表示能力,可译为“ 能,会”。 2、表示允许、许可,常用在口语中。could 比 can 语气上要客气。 3、表示惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度, 主要用于否定句和疑问句中。 The cinema can seat 1,000 people. Could/ Can you tell me how to get to the zoo How can you be so careless
may/ might 在口语中可用 can, could 代替 may,但 在正式场合用 may。表示允许时, 也可 用 might 代替,might 不表示过去时, 而是表示口气比较婉转。 1、表示请求、许可,常译为“可以”。 2、用于祈使句表示祝愿。 May/Can /Could/ Might I have a talk with you
must/ have to 1 、must 表示有做某一动作的必要或义 务,强调主观看法,可译为“ 必须,应 该”。 2、have to 表示因客观需要促使主语不 得不做某事。 3 、mustn't 表示“禁止”;don't have to 意 思是“没有必要”= don't need to。 4 、must 可用来表示根据逻辑推理必然 要发生的事, 可译为“ 必然会, 总是 会”。 5、must 有时可用来表示“偏偏” 的意思。 Everyone must obey the rule. My eyesight is very poor. I have to wear glasses for reading. You must keep it a secret. You mustn't tell anyone. You don't have to tell me the secret. Truth must be out. When I was taking a nap, a student must knock at the door.
shall 1、表示征询意见或请求指示, 用于一、 三人称疑问句。 2、表示说话人的意愿, 有“命令、允诺、 警告、威胁、决心”等意思, 用于第二、 三人称陈述句中。 3、表示强制,用于法令、条约、规章 中,意为“必须,应该”。 Shall they wait outside He shall be sorry for it one day, I tell you. (警告) Nothing shall stop us from carrying out the plan. (决心) The interest shall be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides.
should 1、表示义务,意为“应该”(某件事宜 于做)。 2、常与 what, how, why 等词连用,表 One shouldn't be selfish. How should I know He should be taking a bath now.
示意外、惊讶等情绪。 3、表示对过去、现在或将来情况的某 种推测,可译为“可能、照说应该”。 4、表惊讶、忧虑、惋惜等,意为“竟 然” It's a pity that you should be so careless.
ought to 1、表示义务,意为“应该”(因责任、 义务而该做),口气比 should 稍重。 2、表示推测,暗含很大的可能,可译 为“应该是,会是”。 We ought to defend our country. Prices ought to come down soon.
will 1 、表意愿,用于各种人称陈述句。 2、表请求,用于疑问句。 3、表示某种倾向或习惯性动作。 I will do anything for you. Will you close the window It s a bit cold. The door won t open.
would 1 、表意愿。 2、表委婉地提出请求、建议或看法。 3、表过去反复发生的动作或过去的一 种倾向。 They would not let him in because he was poorly dressed. Would you like another glass of beer Every time she was in trouble, she would go to hi m for help.
used to 1、表示过去的习惯或过去某时期的状 况,但现在已不存在。 2、否定: usedn’t to/didn’t use to。 区别: used to 表示过去习惯动作或状态,强调 “现已无此习惯了”,而 would 只表示过 去的习惯动作, 与现在无关, 往往要带 有一个特定的时间状语。 He used to drink tea but now he drinks coffee. I usedn’t to go there./ I didn’t use to go there. Did you use to go to the same school as your brother Used you to go to the same school as your brother We used to play hide-and-seek in the fields. Whenever we were in the country, we would play hide-and-seek in the fields.
need 1、作情态动词: need 表示“ 需要”或“必须” ,仅用于否定 句或疑问句中 ,在肯定句中一般用 must ,have to ,ought to ,或 should 代 替。 needn't do 2、作实义动词: 后面接不定式(to do),有人称、数和 时态的变化。 You needn’t come so early. He needs to finish it this evening. He doesn’t need to finish it this evening.
need to do don’t need to do
dare 1、作情态动词: 主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件状语从 句中, 一般不用于肯定句。 2、作实义动词: 在肯定句中,dare 后面通常接带 to 的 不定式;而在否定和疑问句中, dare 后 面的不定式可以不带 to。 dare to do don’t dare (to) do He daren’t speak English before such a crowd, dare he ---Yes, he dare./No, he daren’t. How dare you say I’m unfair . If you dare come here, I will come to meet you.
【2021 年天津卷第一次】It used to be that you drive for miles here without seeing another person, but now
there are houses and people everywhere.
A .need B .should C .could D .must
1.(2023·天津河西 · 统考三模) —Ethan is asking whether he must attend the meeting tomorrow.
— Well, he if he has something else to do.
A .mustn’t B .needn’t C .shouldn’t D .can’t
2 .(2023·天津滨海新 · 统考三模) Waking up suddenly lead to rapid heart rate and high blood pressure.
A .must B .would C .can D .shall
3.(2023·上海静安 · 统考二模)
“We 10 not jump into the intervention stage too early,” says Manches.
考点二 情态动词表推测和虚拟语气
1)情态动词+ have done"”的用法
①、 must have done
表示对过去已发生动作的肯定推测,意为“想必/一定做了” ,用于肯定句中,语气强。
●The children must have got lost in the woods; otherwise, they would have been at the lakeside camp as scheduled.
孩子们一定在森林里迷路了,否则,他们会按照计划出现在湖边营地。
②、 can't have done
表示对过去情况把握较大的否定推测,意为“不可能做了”。
● I saw Mr.. Li just now. He can't have gone to Beijing. 我刚才看见李先生了。他不可能去了北京。
③、 could have done
表示对过去情况的推测,意为“可能已经做了”
●Don't worry-- they could have just forgotten to call. 别担心,他们可能只是忘了打电话。
表示对过去的虚拟,意为“本来能做” ,但实际上没做。
●You could have done better, but you were too careless. 你本来能做得更好些,但你当时太粗心了。
④、 may have done
表示对过去情况的推测,意为“也许/或许已经做了” ,用于肯定句中, 一般不用于疑问句中,语气较弱,
其否定形式为 may not have done.
● She may have bought the dictionary,but I' m not sure..她也许已经买了那本词典,但我不太确信。
⑤、 might have done
表示对过去情况的推测, 意为“也许/或许已经做了”,用于肯定句中, 一般不用于疑问句中, 语气较 may
have done 更弱,其否定形式为 might not have done。
●Smith might have gone to see the movie yesterday.史密斯也许昨天已经去看过这部电影了。
表示对过去的虚拟,意为“本来可以做”,但实际上没做。
● You might have given him more help, though you were busy. 你本可以给他更多帮助的,虽然你当时很忙。
⑥、 should/ought to have done
表示对过去的虚拟。用于肯定句, 意为“本该做”,而实际上未做;其否定式为 shouldn't / ought not to have
done,意为“本不该做” ,而实际上做了,表示责备或惋惜之情。
●He is sad. You shouldn't have told him the bad news.他感到难过。你本不应该告诉他这个坏消息。
⑦、 needn’t have done
表示对过去的虚拟,意为“本来不必做” ,而实际上做了。
● We needn't have bought so much food now that Suzie won't be with us for dinner.
既然苏西不与我们一起吃晚饭,我们原本不必买那么多食物。
⑧、 would rather have done
意为“ 宁愿当时做了” ,其否定式为 would rather not have done。两者都含有后悔之意。
●I raised objections at the meeting, but now I would rather not have done that.
会上提出异议,但现在我宁愿自己没那么做。
⑨、 would like/love to have done
表示过去本打算做,但实际上未做成。
●I would love to have attended the meeting last Sunday, but I had to finish my report.
上周日我本来很想去参加会议的,但我得完成报告。
●Was there anything you would like to have done during high school
在高中时期,有没有什么事是你想做却没有做成的
2)情态动词表推测的反意疑问句
情态动词表推测的反意疑问句,以情态动词后的时态为淮,如句子里有明确的时间状语,则以其为准。
E.g. 1. You must be hungry now, aren’t you
2. He must be watching TV, isn’t he
3 Tom must have lived her for a long time, hasn’t he
4. She must have arrived yesterday, didn’t she
【2021 年天津卷第二次】 ---I honestly don't think I'm going to be admitted.
---Wel1, you never know! You a better impression than you think.
A. may have made
B. should have made
C. couldnt have made
D. needn't have made
1 .(2023·天津北辰 · 统考模拟预测) During our trip to the Great Wall last week, I couldn’t stop thinking that
building it have been a huge project in ancient times.
A .should B .must C .could D .need
2 .(2023·天津河北 · 统考二模) During our trip to the Great Wall last week, I couldn’t help but think
it have been a huge project to build it in ancient times.
A .should B .must C .would D .need
考点三 虚拟语气
一、虚拟语气用于非真实条件句
虚拟语气 条件状语从句谓语动词 主句谓语动词
与现在事实相反的假设 过去式(be 动词一般用 were) would/should/could/might+动词原形
与过去事实相反的假设 had+过去分词 would/should/could/might+have+过去分词
与将来事实相反的假设 过去式或 were to / should+ 动 词原形 would/should/ could/ might+动词原形
●If I were you, I would read it again. 如果我是你的话,我会再读一遍。 (与现在事实相反)
●We would have called a taxi yesterday if Harold hadn't offered us a ride home.
假如昨天哈罗德没有开车送我们回,我们就乘出租车回来了。 (与过去事实相反)
●If it rained tomorrow, the sports meet would be put off. 要是明天下雨,运动会就会推迟。 (与将来事实相反)
【特别注意】
(1)、在 if 引导的虚拟条件状语从句中, 谓语动词含有 had,were, should 时,可以把 if 省略,将 had, were, should
提到句首,变为倒装句。
●Had you (=If you had)come earlier, you would have caught the early bus. 如果你早点来,就能赶上早班车了。
●Were I you (= If I were you), I would not do it. 我要是你,就不会做这件事
●Should he come(= If he should come), tell him to ring me up. 他要是来了,让他给我打个电话。
(2)、当条件状语从句和主句表示的动作或行为所发生的时间不一致时,该条件句就被称为“错综时间条件
句”,动词的形要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。
●If you had followed the doctor's advice, you would be better now.
如果你当时遵循医生的建议的话,你现在就好多了。
●If you had spoken to him yesterday, you would know what to do now.
如果你昨天跟他谈过了,你现在就知道该做什么了。
(3)、有时假设的条件不通过条件状语从句表达出来,而是隐含在某些词或短语中,或隐含在上下文中,这
叫含蓄条件句。
常用的这类词或短语有:
without((要是)没有 in case 万一,以防 but for 要不是 for fear that 唯恐 otherwise 否则 or 否则
●I couldn't have gone through that bitter period without your generous help.
如果没有你慷慨相助的话,我不可能熬过那段艰苦的日子。
●We would have put John's name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury.
要不是约翰最近受伤了,我们昨天就把他的名字加到参赛名单上了。
●We lost our way in that small village, otherwise we would have visited more places of interest yesterday.
我们在那个小村庄迷路了,要不然昨天我们就能参观更多的名胜。
二、虚拟语气用于名词性从句
Point 1 虚拟语气在 wish 后的宾语从句中的用法
虚拟语气 从句谓语动词
与现在事实相反 过去式(be 动词一般用 were)
与过去事实相反 had+过去分词
对将来的愿望 would/ could+动词原形
●--Where are the children The dinner's going to be complete ruined.
--I wish they weren't always late.
--孩子们在哪里 晚餐就要被(他们给)彻底破坏了。
一我希望他们不要总是迟到。
●I wish I had told him the way to the supermarket. 我真希望我已经告诉了他到超市的路线。
●I wish you would go with us tomorrow. 我希望明天你和我们一起去。
Point 2 在表示建议、提议、命令、要求等的动词后的宾语从句中, 常用虚拟语气, 即从句谓语动词用“( should-+)
动词原形” 。常见的此类动词有
一坚持: insist
二命令: order, command
四建议: suggest, advise, propose, recommend
五要求: require, request, demand, desire ,urge
●The graduate insisted that he should go to work in the south.
这位大学毕业生坚持要到南方工作。
●The leaders ordered that a fact-finding group should be formed. 领导们命令成立一个事实调查小组。
●Her mother suggested that she (should)go and see the doctor. 她妈妈建议她去看医生。
●The panel demanded that the report (should) be made public.专家小组要求公开这份报告。
【特别注意】
当 suggest 意为“ 暗示,表明”, ,insist 意为“坚持认为,坚持说” 时,后接的宾语从句应当用陈述语气,
不用虚拟语气。
●His silence suggested that he agreed with my decision. 他的沉默表明他同意我的决定。
●He insisted that he hadn't stolen the money. 他坚持说他没有偷过钱。
Point 3 在“It is/was+形容词/过去分词+that"句型中,that 引导的主语从句使用虚拟语气,即从句
谓语动词用“( should-+)动词原形”或“ should have+过去分词 ”。常见的此类形容词和过去分词有
desirable 值得拥有的;值得做的 advisable 明智的 fitting 合适的 essential 极其重要的 important 重要的
natural 自然的;正常的 necessary 必要的 proper 合适的 strange 奇怪的 urgent 急迫的
suggested 建议 requested 要求 proposed 建议 desired 渴望 ordered 命令 recommended 建议
required 要求 resolved 决定
●It is necessary that we (should) put theories into practice. 我们有必要将理论付诸实践。
●It is strange that he should have gone away without telling us. 真奇怪,他竟然没有告知我们就走了。
Point 4 表示建议、提议、命令、要求等的名词后的表语从句或同位语从句中,谓语动词用“( should++)
动词形 ”。常见的这类名词有:
advice 建议 demand 要求 desire 渴望 idea 想法 motion 动议,提议 order 命令 plan 计划
proposal 提议 request 要求 suggestion 建议
●His demand is that the boy (should) go with them. 他的要求是这个男孩和他们一起去。 (表语从句)
●We agreed to the order that the task should be completed before5o' clock.
我们都同意这个命令:在五点前完成这项任务。 (同位语从句)
Point 5 在 would rather 后的宾语从句中,从句如果表示对现在或将来的虚拟,从句用一般过去时(be 动词
一般用 were);如果表示对过去的虚拟,从句用过去完成时。
●I would rather I left now. 我宁愿现在离开。
●I would rather you came next month. 我宁愿你下个月来。
●I would rather he had passed the exam 我宁愿他已经通过了考试。
三、虚拟语气在其他句型中的应用
Point 1 虚拟语气用于 as if/ as though 引导的表语从句和方式状语从句
虚拟语气 从句谓语动词
与现在事实相反 过去式(be 动词一般用 were)
与过去事实相反 had+过去分词
与将来事实相反 would/ could/ might+动词原形
●You treat them as if they were your parents. 你对待他们如同他们是你的父母。 (与现在事实相反)
●He acted as though nothing had happened. 他表现得若无其事。 (与过去事实相反)
● They talked and talked as if they would never meet again.
他们谈了又谈,好像永远不会再见面了。 (与将来事实相反)
【特别注意】
当句子所叙述的是真实的或极有可能发生或存在的事实时,从句要用陈述语气。
●It sounds as if it is raining. 听起来像是在下雨。
●.He talks as if he is drunk. 从他谈话的样子来看他像是醉了
Point 2 在 It's(high/ about)time(that)...句型中,that 引导的定语从句通常用虚拟语气,即从句谓语动词
用过去式(did)或“ should-+动词原形”( should 不能省略),意为“该是…的时候了 ”
●Jack is a great talker. It's high time that he did/should do something instead of just talking.
杰克是一个夸夸其谈的是时候他应该去做点什么而不是仅仅空谈了。
●It is time that you went/should go to bed, Tom. 汤姆,你该去睡觉了。
Point 3 虚拟语气用于 if only 引导的条件句或感叹句
虚拟语气 从句谓语动词
与现在事实相反 过去式或(be 动词一般用 were)
与过去事实相反 had+过去分词
与将来事实相反 would/ could/ might-+动词原形
●If only I were younger now! 要是现在我年轻一些该多好啊!(与现在事实相反)
●If only you had worked with greater care! 要是你更细心地工作该多好啊!(与过去事实相反)
●If only I could go to the moon one day! 要是我有一天能到月球上该多好啊!(与将来事实相反)
only if:意为“ 只有 …(才)’引导条件状语句,不用虚拟语气。
●I told him he would succeed only if he tried hard. 我告诉他,只要他努力就会成功。
1 .(2022 秋 ·广东深圳 · 高三校考阶段练习) He recommended she some research about what a healthy
candy would contain.
A .do B .did C .would do D .to do
2 .(2022 秋 ·广东深圳 · 高三校考阶段练习) I to return early but they just wouldn’t let me go.
A .intended B .have intended C .was intending D .had intended
1 .(2022 春 ·全国 · 高三专题练习) The woman insisted that the lost child to store’s information desk so his
parents could be informed.
A .be taken B .was taken C .taking D .must be taken
2 .(2022 春 ·全国 · 高三专题练习) It seemed as if the world to an end.
A .is coming B .were coming C .was coming D .has come
3 .(2023·河南郑州 · 郑州外国语学校校考模拟预测) But for my casual attitude, I wouldn’t have been dismissed
and with my colleagues on the project now.
A .might have worked B .would be working C .were to work D .had worked
(
过关检测
)
1.Why didn't you tell me there was no meeting today I all the way here through the heavy snow.
A .needn't have driven B .couldn't have driven
C .should have driven D .must have driven
2 .I regret that I waited in the queue for a long time to buy the ticket this morning. I it online.
A .could buy B .must buy
C .could have bought D .must have bought
3 .(2023·天津 ·耀华中学校考一模)I asked in the bookshop about Will Dutton’s latest book, but all they tell me
was that it would come out before the end of the year.
A .might B .must C .could D .should
4 .(2023·天津红桥 · 统考二模) —I turn on the TV for you, Grandpa
—Yes, thanks a lot, my dear. You’re so considerate.
A .Shall B .Must C .Will D .Need
5 .(2023·天津和平 · 统考二模) Next time, read the small print in the document before you sign it. You
make the same mistake again.
A .mustn’t B .needn’t C .don’t have to D .wouldn’t
6 .(2023·天津河东 · 统考二模) “Those responsible for the accident be punished while those contributing to
solving the problems be rewarded.” promised the official then and there.
A .need B .shall C .must D .should
7 .(2023·天津 ·模拟预测) —Will you read me a story about Astronaut Yang Liwei, Mummy
—OK. You have one if you go to bed as soon as possible.
A .might B .must C .could D .shall
8 .(2023 春 · 天津南开 · 高三南开中学校考阶段练习) Johnny, you play with the knife, you
hurt yourself.
A .won’t; can’t B .shouldn’t; must C .mustn’t; may D .can’t, wouldn’t
9 .(2023·天津红桥 · 统考一模) You and I never be a Mozart, or a Newton, but there are lots of things
we do to bring beauty or joy to the world.
A .may; can B .can; may C .must; can D .might; could
10 .(2023 春 · 天津 · 高三天津一中校考阶段练习) Old age burn and rage at the close of day; rage, rage
against the dying of the light.
A .couldn’t B .should C .wouldn’t D .shall
11 .(2023·天津 ·模拟预测) It’s eleven o’clock already. you watch the movie at such a late hour
A .Can B .Must C .May D .Shall
12 .(2023·天津 · 校考模拟预测) With no gravity to push against, astronauts’ bones and muscles become
weak.
A .should B .must C .can D .need
13 .(2023·天津 · 校联考一模) Zhang Guimei, a famous moral model, a better life, but caring for
neither, she devoted herself to changing the fates of children in the mountains.
A .could have enjoyed B .may enjoy C .must have enjoyed D .can enjoy 14 .(2023·天津 · 高三专题练习) When Della returned from skiing, her parents complained that she her
legs when she fell over.
A .should have broken B .must have broken C .could have broken D .would have
broken
15 .(2023 秋 · 天津南开 · 高三天津市第九中学校考期末) My pain obvious the moment I walked into the
room, for the first man I met asked sympathetically, “Are you feeling all right ”
A .must be B .may be C .might have been D .must have been
16 .(2023 秋 · 天津河北 · 高三统考期末) — Excuse me, where is George
— George too far. His coffee is still warm.
A .must have gone B .might have gone
C .can’t have gone D .needn’t have gone
17 .(2023·天津和平 · 统考一模) You so slowly. I just needed a few seconds to get used to your voice.
A .shouldn’t speak B .couldn’t have spoken
C .don’t have to D .needn’t have spoken
18 .(2023 秋 · 天津河西 · 高三统考期末) —It’s really tiring for me to stand in the queue for three hours to get the
G-train ticket.
—You . You could have got one online.
A .mustn’t have B .shouldn’t have C .can’t have D .needn’t have
19 .(2023·天津红桥 · 统考一模) —It’s nearly a quarter to eight. Beth hasn’t turned up yet.
—She the time. Why don’t I call and see what happened
A .shouldn’t have forgotten B .might have forgotten
C .needn’t have forgotten D .must have forgotten
20 .(2023·天津 · 校联考一模) —Mary’s score on the test is the highest in her class.
—Really She have studied very hard.
A .may B .ought to C .must D .should
21 .(2023 秋 · 天津 · 高三天津市第四十七中学校考期末) We showed up early and had to wait two hours before
the ceremony began. We .
A.shouldn’t hurryB.needn’t have hurried C.mustn’t have hurried D.wouldn’t hurry 22.(2023·上海宝山 · 统考二模) However, everyone be careful of the catfish who hide in the shadows. If
someone seems too good to be true, they probably are!
23.(2023·上海松江 · 统考二模) If you’d rather perfect your technique in person, you also find free yoga
and tai chi lessons in your local community and take those lessons home.
24.(2023·上海闵行 · 统考二模)Looking to the future, the plant experiments have the potential to significantly impact the sustainability of space exploration. They , one day, provide a food source for long-term
habitation of Mars and other planets.
25.(2023·上海奉贤 · 统考二模) As is known to us, it indicate the end of a sentence, a question or —
in the exclamation mark’s case — a strong emotion.
26.(2023·上海金山 · 统考二模)OpenAI said it had spent six months on safety features for GPT-4, and on human
feedback. However, it warned that it still be subject to sharing disinformation.
27.(2023·上海崇明 · 统考二模) It is believed that this method later spread to other parts of East Asia, including
Japan, where similarities be seen in the way matcha (抹茶) is prepared today.
28.(2023·上海宝山 · 统考模拟预测)People not adjust their bedtimes overnight (一夜之间). So far those
night owls wishing to rise at dawn, start with a 15-minute change.
(
真题演练
)
(
2022-2021
年
)
1 .【2021 年天津卷第一次】It used to be that you drive for miles here without seeing another person, but now
there are houses and people everywhere.
A .need B .should C .could D .must
2.【2021 年天津卷第二次】 ---I honestly don't think I'm going to be admitted.
---Wel1, you never know! You a better impression than you think.
A. may have made
B. should have made
C. couldnt have made
D. needn't have made
(
2020
年
)
1.【2020 年新课标Ⅰ】 I like eating frying tomatoes with eggs, and I thought it must to be easy to cook.
2 .【2020·天津】Jim says we stay in his house as long as we leave it clean and tidy .
A .must B .can C .need D .should
3 .【2020·天津】You have scolded him for his poor performance. After all, he had done his best.
A .must B .should C .mustn’t D .shouldn't
4 【2020 年江苏卷】If I hadn’t been faced with so many barriers, I where I am.
A. won’t be B. wouldn’t have been C. wouldn’t be D. shouldn’t have been
(
2019
年
)
1.【2019 年江苏卷】What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we a good time together.
A. had B. will have C. would have had D. had had
2.【2019 年天津卷】I to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage ,but I couldn't manage
it.
A. had hoped B. am hoping
C. have hoped D. would hope
(
2018
年
)
1.【2018 年北京卷】 In today’s information age, the loss of data cause serious problems for a
company.
A. need B. should C. can D. must
2. 【2018 年北京卷】 They might have found a better hotel if they a few more kilometers.
A. drove B. would drive C. were to drive D. had driven
3.【2018 年江苏卷】 It’s strange that he have taken the books without the owner’s permission.
A. would B. should
C. could D. might
4. 【2018 年江苏卷】There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I a second chance to become
more involved.
A. had B. will have
C. would have had D. have had
5.【2018 年天津卷】 I can't find my purse. I it in the supermarket yesterday, but I'm not sure.
A. should leave B. must have left
C. might leave D. could have left
6. 【2018 年天津卷】If we the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach
A. had caught B. caught C. have caught D. would catch2024届高考高三英语复习——情态动词和虚拟语气
1. 三年真题情态动词和虚拟语气考点细目表
时间 卷次 语法填空/短文改错/单项选择
2023 年 新高考 I 卷 语法填空: /
新高考 II 卷 语法填空: /
全国甲卷 语法填空: / 短文改错: /
全国乙卷 语法填空: / 短文改错: /
北京卷 语法填空: /
浙江卷 (1 月)语法填空: / (6 月)语法填空: /
天津卷 单项选择: /
2022 年 新高考 I 卷 语法填空: /
新高考 II 卷 语法填空: /
全国甲卷 语法填空: / 短文改错: /
全国乙卷 语法填空: / 短文改错: /
北京卷 语法填空: /
浙江卷 (1 月)语法填空: / (6 月)语法填空: /
天津卷 单项选择: /
2021 年 新高考 I 卷 语法填空: /
新高考 II 卷 语法填空: /
全国甲卷 语法填空: / 短文改错: /
全国乙卷 语法填空: /
短文改错: /
北京卷 语法填空: /
浙江卷 (1 月)语法填空: / (6 月)语法填空: /
天津卷 (第一次) 单项选择: could (第二次)单项选择: may have made
2. 命题规律及备考策略
【命题规律】
近 3 年对于情态动词和虚拟语气主要考查:
1.高考对情态动词的考查集中在情态动词的基本意义及“情态动词+ have done”结构语法上。
2.对虚拟语气而言,主要考查其在条件状语从句和名词性从句中的运用。
【备考策略】
1. 掌握情态动词的基本用法和推测用法;
2. 掌握情态动词+have done 的用法;
3. 掌握 if 虚拟条件下的虚拟语气(包括省略 if 的虚拟条件句);
4. 掌握含蓄虚拟条件下的虚拟语气;
5. 掌握特殊句式中的虚拟语气。
【命题预测】
情态动词和虚拟语气在历年全国卷高考中并非重点, 但是在天津卷和上海卷中市重点, 仍然是 高中英语语法学习中的重难点。
(
情态动词基本概念
)
情态动词本身有词义,但是没有人称和数的变化。情态动词有时态的变化,但是不能独立作谓语。情态动 词可以表示:能力、义务、可能性和允许等等意义;情态动词还可以用来给人们:提出请求、建议、意见
以及提供帮助等等。
考点一 情态动词基本用法和意义
情态动词 基本用法和意义 例句
can/could 1、表示能力,可译为“ 能,会”。 2、表示允许、许可,常用在口语中。could 比 can 语气上要客气。 3、表示惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度, 主要用于否定句和疑问句中。 The cinema can seat 1,000 people. Could/ Can you tell me how to get to the zoo How can you be so careless
may/ might 在口语中可用 can, could 代替 may,但 在正式场合用 may。表示允许时, 也可 用 might 代替,might 不表示过去时, 而是表示口气比较婉转。 1、表示请求、许可,常译为“可以”。 2、用于祈使句表示祝愿。 May/Can /Could/ Might I have a talk with you
must/ have to 1 、must 表示有做某一动作的必要或义 务,强调主观看法,可译为“ 必须,应 该”。 2、have to 表示因客观需要促使主语不 得不做某事。 3 、mustn't 表示“禁止”;don't have to 意 思是“没有必要”= don't need to。 4 、must 可用来表示根据逻辑推理必然 要发生的事, 可译为“ 必然会, 总是 会”。 5、must 有时可用来表示“偏偏” 的意思。 Everyone must obey the rule. My eyesight is very poor. I have to wear glasses for reading. You must keep it a secret. You mustn't tell anyone. You don't have to tell me the secret. Truth must be out. When I was taking a nap, a student must knock at the door.
shall 1、表示征询意见或请求指示, 用于一、 三人称疑问句。 2、表示说话人的意愿, 有“命令、允诺、 警告、威胁、决心”等意思, 用于第二、 三人称陈述句中。 3、表示强制,用于法令、条约、规章 中,意为“必须,应该”。 Shall they wait outside He shall be sorry for it one day, I tell you. (警告) Nothing shall stop us from carrying out the plan. (决心) The interest shall be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides.
should 1、表示义务,意为“应该”(某件事宜 于做)。 2、常与 what, how, why 等词连用,表 One shouldn't be selfish. How should I know He should be taking a bath now.
示意外、惊讶等情绪。 3、表示对过去、现在或将来情况的某 种推测,可译为“可能、照说应该”。 4、表惊讶、忧虑、惋惜等,意为“竟 然” It's a pity that you should be so careless.
ought to 1、表示义务,意为“应该”(因责任、 义务而该做),口气比 should 稍重。 2、表示推测,暗含很大的可能,可译 为“应该是,会是”。 We ought to defend our country. Prices ought to come down soon.
will 1 、表意愿,用于各种人称陈述句。 2、表请求,用于疑问句。 3、表示某种倾向或习惯性动作。 I will do anything for you. Will you close the window It s a bit cold. The door won t open.
would 1 、表意愿。 2、表委婉地提出请求、建议或看法。 3、表过去反复发生的动作或过去的一 种倾向。 They would not let him in because he was poorly dressed. Would you like another glass of beer Every time she was in trouble, she would go to hi m for help.
used to 1、表示过去的习惯或过去某时期的状 况,但现在已不存在。 2、否定: usedn’t to/didn’t use to。 区别: used to 表示过去习惯动作或状态,强调 “现已无此习惯了”,而 would 只表示过 去的习惯动作, 与现在无关, 往往要带 有一个特定的时间状语。 He used to drink tea but now he drinks coffee. I usedn’t to go there./ I didn’t use to go there. Did you use to go to the same school as your brother Used you to go to the same school as your brother We used to play hide-and-seek in the fields. Whenever we were in the country, we would play hide-and-seek in the fields.
need 1、作情态动词: need 表示“ 需要”或“必须” ,仅用于否定 句或疑问句中 ,在肯定句中一般用 must ,have to ,ought to ,或 should 代 替。 needn't do 2、作实义动词: 后面接不定式(to do),有人称、数和 时态的变化。 You needn’t come so early. He needs to finish it this evening. He doesn’t need to finish it this evening.
need to do don’t need to do
dare 1、作情态动词: 主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件状语从 句中, 一般不用于肯定句。 2、作实义动词: 在肯定句中,dare 后面通常接带 to 的 不定式;而在否定和疑问句中, dare 后 面的不定式可以不带 to。 dare to do don’t dare (to) do He daren’t speak English before such a crowd, dare he ---Yes, he dare./No, he daren’t. How dare you say I’m unfair . If you dare come here, I will come to meet you.
【2021 年天津卷第一次】It used to be that you drive for miles here without seeing another person, but now
there are houses and people everywhere.
A .need B .should C .could D .must
【答案】C
【详解】考查情态动词。句意:以前你可能在这里开了几英里,都没见过别人,但现在到处都是房子和人。 A. need 需要; B. should 应该,理应如此; C. could 可能,表示对客观可能性的推测; D. must 一定,必
须。根据前半句意思可知,表示的是对客观可能性的推测。故选 C。
1.(2023·天津河西 · 统考三模) —Ethan is asking whether he must attend the meeting tomorrow.
— Well, he if he has something else to do.
A .mustn’t B .needn’t C .shouldn’t D .can’t
【答案】B
【详解】考查情态动词词义辨析。句意: ——伊桑在问他是否必须参加明天的会议。 —— 嗯,如果他有别 的事要做,就不用了。 A. mustn’t 禁止;B. needn’t 不需要;C. shouldn’t 不应该;D. can’t 不能。根据上下句
句意可知,此处为情态动词 needn’t“不需要” ,满足句意要求。故选 B 项。
2 .(2023·天津滨海新 · 统考三模) Waking up suddenly lead to rapid heart rate and high blood pressure.
A .must B .would C .can D .shall
【答案】C
【详解】考查情态动词辨析。句意:突然醒来会导致心率加快和高血压。 A. must 一定;B. would 将会;C. can
可能; D. shall 将要。此处表示推测,意为“ 能够,可以”应用 can ,故选 C。
3.(2023·上海静安 · 统考二模)
“We 10 not jump into the intervention stage too early,” says Manches.
【答案】 10 .should
10 .考查情态动词。句意:“我们不应该过早地进入干预阶段, ”曼切斯说。后跟动词原形,表示“应该”应用
情态动词 should。故填 should。
考点二 情态动词表推测和虚拟语气
1)情态动词+ have done"”的用法
①、 must have done
表示对过去已发生动作的肯定推测,意为“想必/一定做了” ,用于肯定句中,语气强。
●The children must have got lost in the woods; otherwise, they would have been at the lakeside camp as scheduled.
孩子们一定在森林里迷路了,否则,他们会按照计划出现在湖边营地。
②、 can't have done
表示对过去情况把握较大的否定推测,意为“不可能做了”。
● I saw Mr.. Li just now. He can't have gone to Beijing. 我刚才看见李先生了。他不可能去了北京。
③、 could have done
表示对过去情况的推测,意为“可能已经做了”
●Don't worry-- they could have just forgotten to call. 别担心,他们可能只是忘了打电话。
表示对过去的虚拟,意为“本来能做” ,但实际上没做。
●You could have done better, but you were too careless. 你本来能做得更好些,但你当时太粗心了。
④、 may have done
表示对过去情况的推测,意为“也许/或许已经做了” ,用于肯定句中,一般不用于疑问句中, 语气较弱,
其否定形式为 may not have done.
● She may have bought the dictionary,but I' m not sure..她也许已经买了那本词典,但我不太确信。
⑤、 might have done
表示对过去情况的推测, 意为“也许/或许已经做了”,用于肯定句中, 一般不用于疑问句中, 语气较 may
have done 更弱,其否定形式为 might not have done。
●Smith might have gone to see the movie yesterday.史密斯也许昨天已经去看过这部电影了。
表示对过去的虚拟,意为“本来可以做”,但实际上没做。
● You might have given him more help, though you were busy. 你本可以给他更多帮助的,虽然你当时很忙。
⑥、 should/ought to have done
表示对过去的虚拟。用于肯定句, 意为“本该做”,而实际上未做;其否定式为 shouldn't / ought not to have
done,意为“本不该做” ,而实际上做了,表示责备或惋惜之情。
●He is sad. You shouldn't have told him the bad news.他感到难过。你本不应该告诉他这个坏消息。
⑦、 needn’t have done
表示对过去的虚拟,意为“本来不必做” ,而实际上做了。
● We needn't have bought so much food now that Suzie won't be with us for dinner.
既然苏西不与我们一起吃晚饭,我们原本不必买那么多食物。
⑧、 would rather have done
意为“ 宁愿当时做了” ,其否定式为 would rather not have done。两者都含有后悔之意。
●I raised objections at the meeting, but now I would rather not have done that.
会上提出异议,但现在我宁愿自己没那么做。
⑨、 would like/love to have done
表示过去本打算做,但实际上未做成。
●I would love to have attended the meeting last Sunday, but I had to finish my report.
上周日我本来很想去参加会议的,但我得完成报告。
●Was there anything you would like to have done during high school
在高中时期,有没有什么事是你想做却没有做成的
2)情态动词表推测的反意疑问句
情态动词表推测的反意疑问句,以情态动词后的时态为淮,如句子里有明确的时间状语,则以其为准。
E.g. 1. You must be hungry now, aren’t you
2. He must be watching TV, isn’t he
3 Tom must have lived her for a long time, hasn’t he
4. She must have arrived yesterday, didn’t she
【2021 年天津卷第二次】 ---I honestly don't think I'm going to be admitted.
---Wel1, you never know! You a better impression than you think.
A. may have made
B. should have made
C. couldnt have made
D. needn't have made
【答案】A
【解析】考查情态动词用法。句意:—老实说,我觉得我不会被录取。— 唉,谁知道呢!你给人的印象可能比你 想象的要好。 A.may have made 可能;B.should have made 本应该做;C.couldnt have made 不可能做;D.needn't have made 本不必做。根据句意可知,此处表示的是有可能,故选 A。
1 .(2023·天津北辰 · 统考模拟预测) During our trip to the Great Wall last week, I couldn’t stop thinking that
building it have been a huge project in ancient times.
A .should B .must C .could D .need
【答案】B
【详解】考查情态动词。句意:上周我们去长城的时候,我一直在想,在古代修建长城一定是一项浩大的 工程。 A. should 应该;B. must 必须;C. could 可能;D. need 需要。根据句意可知,表示对过去情况肯定猜
猜测用 must have done,意为“一定是 ……” 。故选 B。
2 .(2023·天津河北 · 统考二模) During our trip to the Great Wall last week, I couldn’t help but think
it have been a huge project to build it in ancient times.
A .should B .must C .would D .need
【答案】B
【详解】考查情态动词词义辨析。句意:上周我们去长城的时候,我不禁想,在古代修建长城一定是一项 浩大的工程。 A. should 应该; B. must 必须; C. would 将; D. need 需要。 must have done“一定做过某事”表 示对过去的事情的肯定性推测。根据“to build it in ancient times.”可知,古代建长城一定是一项浩大的工程。
故选 B。
考点三 虚拟语气
一、虚拟语气用于非真实条件句
虚拟语气 条件状语从句谓语动词 主句谓语动词
与现在事实相反的假设 过去式(be 动词一般用 were) would/should/could/might+动词原形
与过去事实相反的假设 had+过去分词 would/should/could/might+have+过去分词
与将来事实相反的假设 过去式或 were to / should+ 动 词原形 would/should/ could/ might+动词原形
●If I were you, I would read it again. 如果我是你的话,我会再读一遍。 (与现在事实相反)
●We would have called a taxi yesterday if Harold hadn't offered us a ride home.
假如昨天哈罗德没有开车送我们回,我们就乘出租车回来了。 (与过去事实相反)
●If it rained tomorrow, the sports meet would be put off. 要是明天下雨,运动会就会推迟。 (与将来事实相反)
【特别注意】
(1)、在 if 引导的虚拟条件状语从句中, 谓语动词含有 had,were, should 时,可以把 if 省略,将 had, were, should
提到句首,变为倒装句。
●Had you (=If you had)come earlier, you would have caught the early bus. 如果你早点来,就能赶上早班车了。
●Were I you (= If I were you), I would not do it. 我要是你,就不会做这件事
●Should he come(= If he should come), tell him to ring me up. 他要是来了,让他给我打个电话。
(2)、当条件状语从句和主句表示的动作或行为所发生的时间不一致时,该条件句就被称为“错综时间条件句”,
动词的形要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。
●If you had followed the doctor's advice, you would be better now.
如果你当时遵循医生的建议的话,你现在就好多了。
●If you had spoken to him yesterday, you would know what to do now.
如果你昨天跟他谈过了,你现在就知道该做什么了。
(3)、有时假设的条件不通过条件状语从句表达出来,而是隐含在某些词或短语中,或隐含在上下文中,这
叫含蓄条件句。
常用的这类词或短语有:
without((要是)没有 in case 万一,以防 but for 要不是 for fear that 唯恐 otherwise 否则 or 否则
●I couldn't have gone through that bitter period without your generous help.
如果没有你慷慨相助的话,我不可能熬过那段艰苦的日子。
●We would have put John's name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury.
要不是约翰最近受伤了,我们昨天就把他的名字加到参赛名单上了。
●We lost our way in that small village, otherwise we would have visited more places of interest yesterday.
我们在那个小村庄迷路了,要不然昨天我们就能参观更多的名胜。
二、虚拟语气用于名词性从句
Point 1 虚拟语气在 wish 后的宾语从句中的用法
虚拟语气 从句谓语动词
与现在事实相反 过去式(be 动词一般用 were)
与过去事实相反 had+过去分词
对将来的愿望 would/ could+动词原形
●--Where are the children The dinner's going to be complete ruined.
--I wish they weren't always late.
--孩子们在哪里 晚餐就要被(他们给)彻底破坏了。
一我希望他们不要总是迟到。
●I wish I had told him the way to the supermarket. 我真希望我已经告诉了他到超市的路线。
●I wish you would go with us tomorrow. 我希望明天你和我们一起去。
Point 2 在表示建议、提议、命令、要求等的动词后的宾语从句中, 常用虚拟语气, 即从句谓语动词用“( should-+)
动词原形” 。常见的此类动词有
一坚持: insist
二命令: order, command
四建议: suggest, advise, propose, recommend
五要求: require, request, demand, desire ,urge
●The graduate insisted that he should go to work in the south.
这位大学毕业生坚持要到南方工作。
●The leaders ordered that a fact-finding group should be formed. 领导们命令成立一个事实调查小组。
●Her mother suggested that she (should)go and see the doctor. 她妈妈建议她去看医生。
●The panel demanded that the report (should) be made public.专家小组要求公开这份报告。
【特别注意】
当 suggest 意为“ 暗示,表明”, ,insist 意为“坚持认为,坚持说” 时,后接的宾语从句应当用陈述语气,
不用虚拟语气。
●His silence suggested that he agreed with my decision. 他的沉默表明他同意我的决定。
●He insisted that he hadn't stolen the money. 他坚持说他没有偷过钱。
Point 3 在“It is/was+形容词/过去分词+that"句型中,that 引导的主语从句使用虚拟语气,即从句
谓语动词用“( should-+)动词原形”或“ should have+过去分词 ”。常见的此类形容词和过去分词有
desirable 值得拥有的;值得做的 advisable 明智的 fitting 合适的 essential 极其重要的 important 重要的
natural 自然的;正常的 necessary 必要的 proper 合适的 strange 奇怪的 urgent 急迫的
suggested 建议 requested 要求 proposed 建议 desired 渴望 ordered 命令 recommended 建议
required 要求 resolved 决定
●It is necessary that we (should) put theories into practice. 我们有必要将理论付诸实践。
●It is strange that he should have gone away without telling us. 真奇怪,他竟然没有告知我们就走了。
Point 4 表示建议、提议、命令、要求等的名词后的表语从句或同位语从句中,谓语动词用“( should++)
动词形 ”。常见的这类名词有:
advice 建议 demand 要求 desire 渴望 idea 想法 motion 动议,提议 order 命令 plan 计划
proposal 提议 request 要求 suggestion 建议
●His demand is that the boy (should) go with them. 他的要求是这个男孩和他们一起去。 (表语从句)
●We agreed to the order that the task should be completed before5o' clock.
我们都同意这个命令:在五点前完成这项任务。 (同位语从句)
Point 5 在 would rather 后的宾语从句中,从句如果表示对现在或将来的虚拟,从句用一般过去时(be 动词
一般用 were);如果表示对过去的虚拟,从句用过去完成时。
●I would rather I left now. 我宁愿现在离开。
●I would rather you came next month. 我宁愿你下个月来。
●I would rather he had passed the exam 我宁愿他已经通过了考试。
三、虚拟语气在其他句型中的应用
Point 1 虚拟语气用于 as if/ as though 引导的表语从句和方式状语从句
虚拟语气 从句谓语动词
与现在事实相反 过去式(be 动词一般用 were)
与过去事实相反 had+过去分词
与将来事实相反 would/ could/ might+动词原形
●You treat them as if they were your parents. 你对待他们如同他们是你的父母。 (与现在事实相反)
●He acted as though nothing had happened. 他表现得若无其事。 (与过去事实相反)
● They talked and talked as if they would never meet again.
他们谈了又谈,好像永远不会再见面了。 (与将来事实相反)
【特别注意】
当句子所叙述的是真实的或极有可能发生或存在的事实时,从句要用陈述语气。
●It sounds as if it is raining. 听起来像是在下雨。
●.He talks as if he is drunk. 从他谈话的样子来看他像是醉了
Point 2 在 It's(high/ about)time(that)...句型中,that 引导的定语从句通常用虚拟语气,即从句谓语动词
用过去式(did)或“ should-+动词原形”( should 不能省略),意为“该是…的时候了 ”
●Jack is a great talker. It's high time that he did/should do something instead of just talking.
杰克是一个夸夸其谈的是时候他应该去做点什么而不是仅仅空谈了。
●It is time that you went/should go to bed, Tom. 汤姆,你该去睡觉了。
Point 3 虚拟语气用于 if only 引导的条件句或感叹句
虚拟语气 从句谓语动词
与现在事实相反 过去式或(be 动词一般用 were)
与过去事实相反 had+过去分词
与将来事实相反 would/ could/ might-+动词原形
●If only I were younger now! 要是现在我年轻一些该多好啊!(与现在事实相反)
●If only you had worked with greater care! 要是你更细心地工作该多好啊!(与过去事实相反)
●If only I could go to the moon one day! 要是我有一天能到月球上该多好啊!(与将来事实相反)
only if:意为“ 只有 …(才)’引导条件状语句,不用虚拟语气。
●I told him he would succeed only if he tried hard. 我告诉他,只要他努力就会成功。
1 .(2022 秋 ·广东深圳 · 高三校考阶段练习) He recommended she some research about what a healthy
candy would contain.
A .do B .did C .would do D .to do
【答案】A
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意:他建议她做一些关于健康糖果含有什么的研究。分析句子可知,
“recommended”后为宾语从句,空处为从句谓语;在英语中, recommend 后接宾语从句时,从句要用虚拟语
气,即谓语动词用 should+动词原形, should 可省略。故选 A。
2 .(2022 秋 ·广东深圳 · 高三校考阶段练习) I to return early but they just wouldn’t let me go.
A .intended B .have intended C .was intending D .had intended
【答案】D
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意:我本打算早点回来,但他们就说不让我走。结合句意表达“本打算做某事
(而未做) ”用 had intended to do,是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。故选 D。
1 .(2022 春 ·全国 · 高三专题练习) The woman insisted that the lost child to store’s information desk so his
parents could be informed.
A .be taken B .was taken C .taking D .must be taken
【答案】A
【详解】考查虚拟语气和语态。句意:这位女士坚持要把走失的孩子带到商店的咨询台,以便通知他的父 母。insist 作“坚持”讲时其后宾语从句要用虚拟语气, 谓语部分为“should+动词原形”,should 可省;主语 child
和 take 之间是被动关系,应用被动语态;此处用 be done 构成含情态动词的被动语态。综上,故选 A。
2 .(2022 春 ·全国 · 高三专题练习) It seemed as if the world to an end.
A .is coming B .were coming C .was coming D .has come
【答案】B
【详解】考查动词时态和虚拟语气。句意:仿佛世界末日即将来临。因指的是过去的事情,主句用一般过 去时, 从句用过去进行时表示过去将来, as if 表示“仿佛”,后接从句要用虚拟语气, be 动词用 were;come to
an end 表示“结束” 。故选 B。
3 .(2023·河南郑州 · 郑州外国语学校校考模拟预测) But for my casual attitude, I wouldn’t have been dismissed
and with my colleagues on the project now.
A .might have worked B .would be working C .were to work D .had worked
【答案】B
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意:要不是我的随意态度,我不会被解雇,并且现在会和我的同事一起工作。
结合语意可知, 由于随意的态度, 我已经被解雇, 现在没有和同事一起工作, 所以“现在会和我的同事一起 工作”是非真实情况, 应用虚拟语气;且本句为错综时间条件句, 根据句中 now 可知, 空处是对现在的虚拟,
谓语动词应用 would be working。故选 B 项。
(
过关检测
)
1.Why didn't you tell me there was no meeting today I all the way here through the heavy snow.
A .needn't have driven B .couldn't have driven
C .should have driven D .must have driven
【答案】A
【解析】考查情态动词+have done。句意:你为什么不告诉我今天没有开会?我本不必在大雪中一路开车来 这里。A. needn't have driven 不必开车(已完成);B. couldn't have driven 不可能开车(已完成);C. should have
driven 本该开车(却没有);D. must have driven 一定开车(已完成)。根据前文“Why didn't you tell me there was
no meeting today ”句意可知, needn't 符合句意。故选 A 项。
2 .I regret that I waited in the queue for a long time to buy the ticket this morning. I it online.
A .could buy B .must buy
C .could have bought D .must have bought
【答案】C
【详解】考查情态动词。句意:今天早上我排队等了很长时间才买下这张票,我感到很后悔。我本来可以 在网上买的。 could have done 表示过去本来可以有机会选择做某事,但实际上没有那样做,通常译为“本来
可以” 。故选 C。
3 .(2023·天津 ·耀华中学校考一模)I asked in the bookshop about Will Dutton’s latest book, but all they tell me
was that it would come out before the end of the year.
A .might B .must C .could D .should
【答案】C
【详解】考查情态动词词义辨析。句意:我在书店询问威尔 ·达顿的新书,但他们只能告诉我,这本书将在 今年年底前出版。 A. might 也许;B. must 必须;C. could 能够;D. should 应该。根据“I asked in the bookshop
about Will Dutton’s latest book,”可知,书店店员只能告诉这本书将在今年年底前出版。故选 C。
4 .(2023·天津红桥 · 统考二模) —I turn on the TV for you, Grandpa
—Yes, thanks a lot, my dear. You’re so considerate.
A .Shall B .Must C .Will D .Need
【答案】A
【详解】考查情态动词辨析。句意: ——爷爷,我来帮你打开电视好吗? ——是的,非常感谢,亲爱的。
你真体贴。A. Shall 应该, 将会(在疑问句中和 I 连用, 表示提出或者征求意见);B. Must 必须, 一定;C. Will
将; D. Need 需要。根据“I”可知,此处表示征求意见。故选 A。
5 .(2023·天津和平 · 统考二模) Next time, read the small print in the document before you sign it. You
make the same mistake again.
A .mustn’t B .needn’t C .don’t have to D .wouldn’t
【答案】A
【详解】考查情态动词。句意:下次,在你签署文件之前,先看看上面的小字。你不允许再犯同样的错误
了。 A. mustn't 禁止; B.needn't 没必要; C.don't have to 不必; D.wouldn't 不愿意。根据句意可知,此处表示
禁止在犯同样的错误,故选 A。
6 .(2023·天津河东 · 统考二模) “Those responsible for the accident be punished while those contributing to
solving the problems be rewarded.” promised the official then and there.
A .need B .shall C .must D .should
【答案】B
【详解】考查情态动词辨析。句意: “对事故负有责任的人要受到处罚,对解决问题有贡献的人要受到奖
励。 ”那个官员当场答应道。A. need 需要;B. shall(表示说话者的意图、允诺、告诫、警告、命令、决心等) 一定会,必须,应该,可以; C. must 必须, 一定; D. should 应该。 shall 用于第二、三人称表示“ 允诺,警
告,命令”等语气。这里是表示“命令” 的语气。故选 B。
7 .(2023·天津 ·模拟预测) —Will you read me a story about Astronaut Yang Liwei, Mummy
—OK. You have one if you go to bed as soon as possible.
A .might B .must C .could D .shall
【答案】D
【详解】考查情态动词词义辨析。句意: ——妈妈,给我讲个航天员杨利伟的故事好吗? ——好,如果你 尽快上床睡觉,我就给你讲一个。 A. might 或许; B. must 必须; C. could 可能; D. shall 将会,应该。 shall
用于第二、三人称,表示允诺、命令,威胁等,此句是表示允诺。故选 D。
8 .(2023 春 · 天津南开 · 高三南开中学校考阶段练习) Johnny, you play with the knife, you
hurt yourself.
A .won’t; can’t B .shouldn’t; must C .mustn’t; may D .can’t, wouldn’t
【答案】C
【详解】考查情态动词。句意: Johnny,你不要玩刀,你也许会伤到自己。 A. won’t 不将; can’t 不能; B. shouldn’t 不应该; must 一定,表示推测的可能性大; C. mustn’t 禁止,不应该; may 也许; D. can’t 不可能; shouldn’t 不应该。根据“play with the knife”可知,第一空表示的是禁止做某事,禁止玩刀;玩刀也许会伤到
自己,不能说一定会伤到自己。故选 C。
9 .(2023·天津红桥 · 统考一模) You and I never be a Mozart, or a Newton, but there are lots of things
we do to bring beauty or joy to the world.
A .may; can B .can; may C .must; can D .might; could
【答案】A
【详解】考查情态动词。句意:你和我可能永远不会成为莫扎特或牛顿,但我们可以做很多事情来给世界 带来美丽和欢乐。分析句意可知,第一空表示对现在或将来情况的一种推测,表示“可能”应为 may 可以用
于否定句中;第二空是表示“ 能力”应用 can 意为“ 能做…… ,会做 ……”符合语境。故选 A 项。
10 .(2023 春 · 天津 · 高三天津一中校考阶段练习) Old age burn and rage at the close of day; rage, rage
against the dying of the light.
A .couldn’t B .should C .wouldn’t D .shall
【答案】B
【详解】考查情态动词。句意:老年应当在日暮时燃烧咆哮;怒斥,怒斥光明的消逝。 A. couldn’t 不能;
B. should 应该; C. wouldn’t 不会; D. shall 将要。根据“rage, rage against the dying of the light.”可知,老年应
该在日暮之时燃烧和咆哮。故选 B。
11 .(2023·天津 ·模拟预测) It’s eleven o’clock already. you watch the movie at such a late hour
A .Can B .Must C .May D .Shall
【答案】B
【详解】考查情态动词词义辨析。句意:已经 11 点了。这么晚了,你一定要看电影吗?A. Can 能,可以; B. Must 必须, 一定,偏要; C. May 可以,可能; D. Shall(表示说话人的允诺、命令、决心等,用于陈述句 的第二、三人称)必须, 应, 可。情态动词 must 可以表示坚持或固执, 表达“偏要, 偏偏”符合语境。故选 B
项。
12 .(2023·天津 · 校考模拟预测) With no gravity to push against, astronauts’ bones and muscles become
weak.
A .should B .must C .can D .need
【答案】C
【详解】考查情态动词词义辨析。句意:由于没有重力的推动, 宇航员的骨骼和肌肉可能会变得脆弱。A. should 应该; B. must 必须, 一定; C. can 能,可能(表可能性);D. need 需要。由“With no gravity to push against, astronauts’ bones and muscles”和“become weak”可知,句子表示“ 由于没有重力的推动,宇航员的骨骼和肌肉
可能会变得脆弱” ,空格处表示“可能会” ,应用 can 表推测,故选 C。
13 .(2023·天津 · 校联考一模) Zhang Guimei, a famous moral model, a better life, but caring for
neither, she devoted herself to changing the fates of children in the mountains.
A .could have enjoyed B .may enjoy C .must have enjoyed D .can enjoy
【答案】A
【详解】考查情态动词。句意:张桂梅, 一位著名的道德模范,本可以享受更好的生活,但两者她都不关 心,她致力于改变山区儿童的命运。根据情态动词的用法, 表示“原本 ……”含义的情态动词结构为:could have
+ 过去分词, A 项“could have enjoyed(本能够享受)”与句子表达的含义一致,故选 A 项。
14 .(2023·天津 · 高三专题练习) When Della returned from skiing, her parents complained that she her
legs when she fell over.
A .should have broken B .must have broken C .could have broken D .would have
broken
【答案】C
【详解】考查情态动词。句意:黛拉滑雪回来时, 她的父母抱怨她摔倒时可能会摔断腿。根据上文“her parents complained(她的父母抱怨)”可知,黛拉滑雪摔倒时可能会摔断腿只是一个对过去可能会发生的事情的推测, 而且仅仅为理论上的可能性,应使用情态动词 can 或 could,再根据情态动词的用法,表示对过去事实的推
测要使用“情态动词 + have + 过去分词”结构,故选 C 项。
15 .(2023 秋 · 天津南开 · 高三天津市第九中学校考期末) My pain obvious the moment I walked into the
room, for the first man I met asked sympathetically, “Are you feeling all right ”
A .must be B .may be C .might have been D .must have been
【答案】D
【详解】考查情态动词用法。句意:在我走进房间的那一刻,我的痛苦一定很明显,因为我遇到的第一个 男人同情地问我:“你感觉还好吗 ”根据句意可知,此处表示对过去动作的肯定推测,应用 must have done。
故选 D。
16 .(2023 秋 · 天津河北 · 高三统考期末) — Excuse me, where is George
— George too far. His coffee is still warm.
A .must have gone B .might have gone
C .can’t have gone D .needn’t have gone
【答案】C
【详解】考查情态动词+have done。句意: ——劳驾,请问 George 在哪儿? ——George 肯定没有走远。他 的咖啡还是热的。 A. must have gone 肯定离开;B. might have gone 可能离开;C. can’t have gone 不可能离开; D. needn’t have gone 本没有必要离开。结合 His coffee is still warm 可知,此处表示对过去情况的否定推测,
应用 can’t have done。故选 C。
17 .(2023·天津和平 · 统考一模) You so slowly. I just needed a few seconds to get used to your voice.
A .shouldn’t speak B .couldn’t have spoken
C .don’t have to D .needn’t have spoken
【答案】D
【详解】考查情态动词词义辨析。句意:你没有必要说得那么慢。我只需要几秒钟就能习惯你的声音。 A. shouldn’t speak 不应该说;B. couldn’t have spoken 不能说;C. don’t have to 不必;D. needn’t have spoken 没有
必要说。结合语意,我只需要很短的时间就能习惯你的声音,所以你没有必要说得那么慢。故选 D 项。
18 .(2023 秋 · 天津河西 · 高三统考期末) —It’s really tiring for me to stand in the queue for three hours to get the
G-train ticket.
—You . You could have got one online.
A .mustn’t have B .shouldn’t have C .can’t have D .needn’t have
【答案】D
【详解】考查情态动词+have done 的用法。句意: ——排队三个小时才能买到 G 型列车车票,对我来说真 的很累。 ——你不需要这样。你可以在网上买一张。A. mustn’t have (done)肯定没有做;B. shouldn’t have (done) 本应该做; C. can’t have (done)不能够做; D. needn’t have (done)本不必做。根据下文“You could have got one online.”可知, 此处表示对过去事实的相反假设, 应用“情态动词+have done”结构, 答语是简略回答, have 是 助动词,标志着完成时态,不可省略。结合语意,你能来可以在网上买票,所以你本不必排队三小时去买
车票的,应用 needn’t have (done)。故选 D 项。
19 .(2023·天津红桥 · 统考一模) —It’s nearly a quarter to eight. Beth hasn’t turned up yet.
—She the time. Why don’t I call and see what happened
A .shouldn’t have forgotten B .might have forgotten
C .needn’t have forgotten D .must have forgotten
【答案】B
【详解】考查情态动词+have done 用法。句意:——现在快八点一刻了。贝丝还没出现。 ——她也许忘记了 时间。我为什么不打电话看看发生了什么?根据句意可知,贝丝没有按时出现,我想打电话看看发生了什 么, 由此可知, 贝丝也许忘记了时间, “might have done”表示“也许已经做了某事”,符合语境, “shouldn’t have done”表示“本不该做某事, 而实际上做了” ,“needn’t have done”表示“本不必做某事, 而实际上做了” ,“must
have done”表示“必定做了某事(表示对过去的推测) ,均不符合语境。故选 B 项。
20 .(2023·天津 · 校联考一模) —Mary’s score on the test is the highest in her class.
—Really She have studied very hard.
A .may B .ought to C .must D .should
【答案】C
【详解】考查情态动词。句意: ——玛丽的考试成绩在班上是最高的。 ——真的?她一定学习很努力。根
据上下句句意可知,此处为 must have done 表对过去事实的推测,她一定很努力学习。故选 C 项。
21 .(2023 秋 · 天津 · 高三天津市第四十七中学校考期末) We showed up early and had to wait two hours before
the ceremony began. We .
A.shouldn’t hurryB.needn’t have hurried C.mustn’t have hurried D.wouldn’t hurry
【答案】B
【详解】考查动词。句意:我们到得很早,在仪式开始前等了两个小时。我们本不必这么匆忙。
A. shouldn’t hurry 不该匆忙; B. needn’t have hurried 本不该这么匆忙; C. mustn’t have hurried 肯定不这么匆 忙;D. wouldn’t hurry 将不这么匆忙。由语意可知,我们来得早,还等了两个小时,因此可知,我们不需要 来这么早, 不必这么匆忙的, 此处考查 needn’t have done 结构, 表示“过去本不必要做但已经做了”。故选 B
项。
22.(2023·上海宝山 · 统考二模) However, everyone be careful of the catfish who hide in the shadows. If
someone seems too good to be true, they probably are!
【答案】 4should
【详解】考查情态动词。句意:然而,每个人都应该小心隐藏在阴影中的鲶鱼。分析句子结构可知,空后 是动词原形,所以空处应是助动词或者情态动词,根军句意,此处表达“ 应该”之意,所以填情态动词
should。故填 should。
23.(2023·上海松江 · 统考二模) If you’d rather perfect your technique in person, you also find free yoga
and tai chi lessons in your local community and take those lessons home.
【答案】 can/could/may/might
【详解】考查情态动词。句意:如果你想亲自练习,你也可以在当地社区找到免费的瑜伽和太极课程,并
把它们带回家。分析句子结构可知,动词原形前应为情态动词,结合句意可知,此处表示的是“可以”应为
can/could/may/might。
24.(2023·上海闵行 · 统考二模)Looking to the future, the plant experiments have the potential to significantly impact the sustainability of space exploration. They , one day, provide a food source for long-term
habitation of Mars and other planets.
【答案】 can/may/could/might
【详解】考查情态动词。句意:有一天,它们可以/可能为火星和其他行星的长期居住提供食物来源。后跟
动词原形,结合句意表示“可能” 、“可以”应用情态动词 can/may/could /might。故填 can/may/could /might。
25.(2023·上海奉贤 · 统考二模) As is known to us, it indicate the end of a sentence, a question or —
in the exclamation mark’s case — a strong emotion.
【答案】 can
【详解】考查情态动词。句意:众所周知,感叹号可以表示一个句子的结尾,一个问题,或者——在感叹 号的情况下——表示一种强烈的情感。根据句意可知, 此处为情态动词 can 表示“能够, 可以” ,满足句意要
求。故填 can。
26.(2023·上海金山 · 统考二模)OpenAI said it had spent six months on safety features for GPT-4, and on human
feedback. However, it warned that it still be subject to sharing disinformation.
【答案】may/might
【详解】考查情态动词。句意:然而,该公司警告称,它仍可能受到分享虚假信息的影响。设空处应用情
态动词 may 或 might,表示可能性。故填 may/might。
27.(2023·上海崇明 · 统考二模) It is believed that this method later spread to other parts of East Asia, including
Japan, where similarities be seen in the way matcha (抹茶) is prepared today.
【答案】 can
【详解】考查情态动词。句意:有人认为,这种方法后来传播到包括日本在内的东亚其他地区,与今天抹 茶的制作方式十分相似。根据句意和空格后的 be 分析句子可知,空格处应该填入一个助动词或情态动词,
且意义为“ 能够” ,所以应该用情态动词 can 。故填 can。
28.(2023·上海宝山 · 统考模拟预测)People not adjust their bedtimes overnight (一夜之间). So far those
night owls wishing to rise at dawn, start with a 15-minute change.
【答案】 can
【详解】考查情态动词。句意:人们不能一夜之间调整睡觉时间。分析句子可知,本句谓语不完整,结合
句意表示“不能够”用 can not 。故填 can。
(
真题演练
)
(
2022-2021
年
)
1 .【2021 年天津卷第一次】It used to be that you drive for miles here without seeing another person, but now
there are houses and people everywhere.
A .need B .should C .could D .must
【答案】C
【详解】考查情态动词。句意:以前你可能在这里开了几英里,都没见过别人,但现在到处都是房子和人。 A. need 需要; B. should 应该,理应如此; C. could 可能,表示对客观可能性的推测; D. must 一定,必
须。根据前半句意思可知,表示的是对客观可能性的推测。故选 C。
2.【2021 年天津卷第二次】 ---I honestly don't think I'm going to be admitted.
---Wel1, you never know! You a better impression than you think.
A. may have made
B. should have made
C. couldnt have made
D. needn't have made
【答案】A
【解析】考查情态动词用法。句意:—老实说,我觉得我不会被录取。— 唉,谁知道呢!你给人的印象可能 比你想象的要好。A.may have made 可能;B.should have made 本应该做;C.couldnt have made 不可能做;
D.needn't have made 本不必做。根据句意可知,此处表示的是有可能,故选 A。
(
2020
年
)
1.【2020 年新课标Ⅰ】 I like eating frying tomatoes with eggs, and I thought it must to be easy to cook.
2.考查非谓语动词。句意:我喜欢吃西红柿炒鸡蛋。动词 fry 与 tomatoes 之间是动宾关系,所以此处应用过
去分词作定语,故将 frying 改为 fried。
3.考查情态动词用法。句意:并且我认为它一定很简单。 must 是情态动词, 后接动词原形, to 多余, 故将 to
去掉。
2 .【2020·天津】Jim says we stay in his house as long as we leave it clean and tidy .
A .must B .can C .need D .should
【答案】B
【详解】考查情态动词。句意:吉姆说我们可以住在他的房子里,只要我们保持它干净整洁。A. must 必须; B. can 能,可以; C. need 需要; D. should 应该。根据后面的“as long as we leave it clean and tidy”可知, Jim
许可我们待在他的房子里,即:我们” 能,可以”待在他的房子里。故选 B。
3 .【2020·天津】You have scolded him for his poor performance. After all, he had done his best.
A .must B .should C .mustn’t D .shouldn't
【答案】D
【详解】考查情态动词+ have done。句意:你本不应该因为他表现不好而责骂他。毕竟,他已经尽力了。根 据前后句关系可知此处表示“本不该”是 shouldn't have done 指做了本不该做的事, must have done 表示对过 去发生的事情的肯定性推测;should have done 表示应当做某事而实际上未做;mustn’t 不和 have done 连用。
故选 D。
4 【2020 年江苏卷】If I hadn’t been faced with so many barriers, I where I am.
A. won’t be B. wouldn’t have been C. wouldn’t be D. shouldn’t have been
【答案】C
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意:如果我没有面对那么多的障碍,我现在就不会在这里。分析句子成分可知, 此处是错综时间虚拟语气,根据空后 where I am 可知,此处是与现在事实相反的假设,主句谓语动词应使
用 would/could/might/should+do。故选 C。
(
2019
年
)
1.【2019 年江苏卷】What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we a good time together.
A. had B. will have C. would have had D. had had
31.C【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意:真遗憾!你错过了这次观光,否则,我们本应该在一起度过一段愉快时 光的。根据上文,可知是对过去事情的虚拟,与过去事实相反的假设。其句子结构为:从句:If+主语+过去
完成时+其他,主句:主语+should(would, could, might)+现在完成时+其他,故选 C。
2.【2019 年天津卷】I to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage ,but I couldn't manage
it.
A. had hoped B. am hoping
C. have hoped D. would hope
【答案】A
【解析】考查过去完成时。句意:我本来计划在 Peter 结婚时送他一个礼物的,可是我没有做到。第二个分
句中“couldn’t”用的是一般过去时,它之前的动作用过去完成时。故选 A。
(
2018
年
)
1.【2018 年北京卷】 In today’s information age, the loss of data cause serious problems for a
company.
A. need B. should C. can D. must
【答案】C
【解析】考查情态动词。句意:在今天的信息时代,数据的丢失有时会对一个公司造成严重的问题。数据 丢失造成严重问题是客观上会发生的情况, 即“客观可能性” ,故该空应用情态动词 can 。C 选项正确。其余
情态动词均没有该用法。 need 需要; should 应该,竟然; must 必须,肯定。
点睛:can 的基本用法:1. (表示能力、功能)能,会;2. (表示推测)可能,可能会;3. (表示允许,请求)
可以; 4. (表示客观可能性)有时会。
2. 【2018 年北京卷】 They might have found a better hotel if they a few more kilometers.
A. drove B. would drive C. were to drive D. had driven
【答案】D
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意:如果他们多开几公里的话,他们也许会找到一个更好的旅馆。由“they might have found a better hotel”可知, 该句是表示对过去的虚拟。if a few more kilometers 是条件句部分, 表示
对过去的虚拟,条件句部分要用过去完成时态,故 D 选项正确。
3.【2018 年江苏卷】 It’s strange that he have taken the books without the owner’s permission.
A. would B. should
C. could D. might
【答案】B
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意:真奇怪,他竟然没有主人的允许就拿走了这些书。在句型”It is
important/necessary/strange/impossible/natural that...” 中,其中由 that 引导的主语从句通常用“should+动词原形”
这样的虚拟语气,其中的 should 可以省略。故选 B。
4. 【2018 年江苏卷】There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I a second chance to become
more involved.
A. had B. will have
C. would have had D. have had
【答案】A
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意:在这个村里有很好的社交生活,并且我希望我再有机会去更多的参与。本
题考查 wish 引导的宾语从句,表示与现在事实相反的愿望,所以从句用一般过去时。故选 A。
5.【2018 年天津卷】 I can't find my purse. I it in the supermarket yesterday, but I'm not sure.
A. should leave B. must have left
C. might leave D. could have left
【答案】D
【解析】考查情态动词表推测和虚拟语气。句意:我不能找到我的钱包了,昨天我有可能把它落到超市了, 但我不确定。根据句中时间状语 yesterday 可知,是对过去事情的推测,故用情态动词+ have done,再根据
后句 but I’m not sure.可知,此推测为不能肯定的推测,故用情态动词 could,表示“可能” 。故选 D。
6. 【2018 年天津卷】If we the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach
A. had caught B. caught
C. have caught D. would catch
【答案】A
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意:如果我们昨天赶上飞机的话,现在我们正在海滩享受我们的假日了。根据
时间状语 yesterday 可知,从句表示与过去事实相反,故用 had + v-ed。故选 A。