2024届高考高三英语复习——阅读理解议论文（含答案）

2024届高考高三英语复习——阅读理解议论文
1. 三年真题议论文考点细目表
时间 卷次 主题语境 字数 题型分类
2023 年 新高考 I 卷 / / /
新高考 II 卷 / / /
全国甲卷 / / /
全国乙卷 人与社会：物品纳入历史叙事以 更好地理解无文字社会的重要性 343+131 2 个推理判断题 1 个主旨大意题 1 个词义猜测题
北京卷 / / /
浙江卷 / / /
天津卷 / / /
2022 年 新高考 I 卷 / / /
新高考 II 卷 / / /
全国甲卷 人与社会：悉尼发展中面临的问 题 342+152 1 个细节理解题 2 个推理判断题 1 个主旨大意题
全国乙卷 / / /
北京卷 人与社会：量子计算真的会像它 的宣传那样成功吗？ 400+109 1 个细节理解题 1 个推理判断题 1 个主旨大意题 1 个词义猜测题
浙江卷 / + /
天津卷 人与社会：美好生活的秘诀 403+194 3 个细节理解题 2 个推理判断题
2021 年 新高考 I 卷 / / /
新高考 II 卷 / / /
全国甲卷 人与社会：“天才 ”有很多种形 式 295+123 1 个细节理解题 2 个推理判断题 1 个主旨大意题
全国乙卷 人与社会：固定电话是非必需品 326+120 2 个推理判断题 1 个主旨大意题 1 个词义猜测题
北京卷 人与自然：人们应该和大自然和 谐相处，保护环境 480+189 1 个细节理解题 2 个推理判断题 1 个主旨大意题
浙江卷 1 月卷 / / /
浙江卷 6 月卷 / / /
天津卷（第一次） 1）人与自我：我们必须学会把过 去抛在脑后， 像蜥蜴一样， 用我们 柔嫩、充满希望的皮肤， 作为人生 的起点 2）人与社会：要当一个多面手， 而不是当某方面的专家 1）408+214 2）409+211 1)2 个细节理解题 2 个推理判断题 1 个词义猜测题 2)2 个细节理解题 2 个推理判断题 1 个主旨大意题
天津卷（第二次） / / /
2. 命题规律及备考策略
【命题规律】
议论文涉及的论题具有生活化的特征，与社会生活密切相关。从命题上看，议论文阅读理解以考查细 节理解、推理判断和主旨大意题为主，但不排除对观点态度的考查。考生在平时的阅读训练中要阅读一定
数量的议论文，以了解和掌握议论文的结构和行文特征。
【备考策略】
在阅读解题时，应该从结构和内容两方面同时入手，先通读全文，再区分事实和观点。通常来说，议 论文会采用三段论式结构。首段会通过一个故事或对某种现象的描述来引入话题，明确论点；接下来是文 章的主体部分，会用两个或两个以上的段落引用事实和理论论据进行论证，常用的论证方法有举例、引用 和对比，这一部分要注意作者选用的论据，它们往往与细节理解题的考查点相对应，同时还要留意论证的 方法；文章的最后一段是结论部分，要弄清作者最后得出了什么结论。在通读全文并了解文章的结构和内
容后再阅读试题，到文章中去找相对应的信息，比如事实、观点、作者真正的意图和结论等。
议论文结构特点
写法一：正方（甲方），反方（乙方），我认为
写法二：提出问题，分析问题，回答（解决）问题
写法三：论点，理由（证据），重申论点。
【命题预测】
从近三年命题的发展趋势来看， 预测 2024 年高考议论文阅读理解可能会出现且会继续考查考生快速而
准确地获取和理解文中具体细节信息的能力， 对文章信息的判断能力以及对文章的整体感知能力。
议论文的文体分析
议论文说理性强， 语言庄重， 逻辑缜密， 常用难词、长词和复杂句， 给我们的阅读理解带来一定难度。
议论文是运用逻辑推理和证明来阐述某一观点、看法和主张的文体。这类文章或从正面提出某种见解，
或驳斥别人的错误观点，以说服读者同意自己的观点为主要目的。
议论文一般有论点、论据和论证三个要素。论点是议论文的核心，即中心思想，是论据和论证的服务 对象。论据是作者所引用的用以支持和证明论点的材料，这些材料可以是名人名言、事实例证或统计数据
等。论证是作者组织、运用论据的手法。
议 论 文 文 章 类 型 演 绎 论 证 议 论 文 是从已知的一般原理， 规律出发， 推知个别事物本质的论证方法。该类文体一般 先提出一个总论点，然后分别进行论述，分析各个分论点，最后得出结论。
归 纳 论 证 议 论 文 是一种由个别到一般的论证方法。它通过许多个别的事例或分论点， 然后归纳出 它们所共有的特性，从而得出一个一般性的结论。
比 较 论 证 议 论 文 是一种由个别到个别的论证方法。通常分为类比法和对比法两类。类比法是将性 质或特点在某一方面相同或相近的不同事物加以比较而引出结论的方法。对比法 是通过性质或特点在某一方面相反或对立的不同事物的比较来证明论点的方法。
命题 要点 由于议论的目的是表明自己对事物的看法和态度， 因此， 命题时常考察其观点态度以及根据 文章内容归纳主旨大意等，有时也对文章的结构进行考察。
解 题 技 巧 1.演绎论证议论文：注意文章的开篇，因为文章的开篇是文章的主旨，抓住了主旨，也就抓 住了作者的观点，从而把握了文章的中心思想。 2.归纳论证议论文：注意文章的尾段，因为尾段是对前面所举事例和分论点的归纳和概括。 3.比较论证议论文：注意事物的相同点以及不同点，并由此来把握文章的主旨。
做题时可使用以下三个步骤：重首尾，明方式，细推测。
议论文长常考题型之一主旨大意题
[常见设问形式]
1 ．标题类常见的题干：①The best title/headline for this passage might be .②What is the best title
for the passage？③Which of the following would be suitable as a title for the passage
2．大意类常见的题干：①This passage chiefly deals with .②What's the topic of the article ③What
is the subject discussed in the text ④What is the main idea of the...paragraph/the passage
[正确选项特征]
1 ．涵盖性强，覆盖全文或全段。
2 ．确定的范围恰当，既不太大，也不太小。
3 ．精确性强，不会改变语言表达的程度及色彩。
[干扰选项特征]
1 ．过于笼统，不知所云
所给选项内容概括的范围过大，超出文章所述内容
2 ．以偏概全，主次不分
所给选项只阐述了文章的一部分内容，或以文章中的细节信息或个别词作为选项的设置内容，或以次
要的事实或细节充当全文的主要观点
3 ．移花接木，偷换概念
所给选项被命题者有意识地把本属于 A 的内容放在 B 上，若不留神，极易选错答案
4 ．无中生有，生搬硬套
所给选项的关键词虽然在文章中提到了，但经过仔细阅读分析之后，发现选项的内容与文章的内容毫
无联系
考点一 段落大意题
【2023 年全国乙卷 D 片段】If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one
part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while
most of the world, for most of the time, has not. Writing is one of humanity’s later achievements, and until fairly
recently even many literate (有文字的) societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things.
32. What is the first paragraph mainly about
A. How past events should be presented. B. What humanity is concerned about.
C. Whether facts speak louder than words. D. Why written language is reliable.
（2023·山东 · 山东省实验中学校考二模） Danone Portugal introduced a new yogurt named Juntos. For every pack of yogurt that a person bought, he would donate yogurt to a family in need. Danone had done its research. Increasingly, people say they want to buy from brands that give them a sense of purpose. Surely a yogurt that helped the needy would be appealing. But Juntos was a failure. Despite sinking millions into a marketing campaign, Danone pulled Juntos from the market only months after it was launched. Now the same product is simply
marketed as a tasty yogurt.
What happened To find the reason behind Juntos’ failure, Lawrence Williams and his colleagues did an experiment where they showed people some products and asked these people to pick one option. They reminded some to focus on the “purposeful and valuable” aspect while others were told to “enjoy themselves” and focus on “delight and pleasure.” They found that participants who prioritized meaning preferred the less expensive product
when compared with people who put pleasure in the first place.
So why were meaning-seekers cheaping out Lawrence Williams asked participants to explain their decision-making to find out. He learned that meaning-oriented people were not thinking about how the product they might buy could bring meaning to their lives. Instead, they were occupied with what else they could do with their
money.
I am all for people making wise and strategic financial choices. But cheap products can create many problems. Inexpensive options often do not last as long as the higher-end ones. As a result, we shop more often, which is ultimately worse for our wallets. Plus, that spending pattern can do a greater damage to the environment. Thanks in part to fast fashion, people buy 60 percent more clothing today than they did 15 years ago. The fashion industry
alone emits more greenhouse gases than international flights and maritime (海洋的) shipping combined.
So before you dive into your wallet for some deals, try not to fix only on what you are spending or saving.
Think carefully about what you are buying, too.
56 ．What is the main reason for the failure of Juntos
A ．It ignored marketing strategies. B ．It priced itself relatively high.
C ．It lacked a particularly good taste. D ．It focused on delight and pleasure.
57 ．What can be inferred about meaning seekers
A ．They frequent high-end stores. B ．They think products extend their lives.
C ．They hesitate to make decisions. D ．They make more purchases with money.
58 ．How is Paragraph 4 mainly developed
A ．By giving some examples. B ．By listing numbers and data.
C ．By explaining reasons. D ．By making some comparisons.
59 ．Which is the most suitable title for the text
A ．Innovation: a Product’s Life B ．To Buy or not to Buy
C ．Meaning seekers or Quality-pursuers D ．Fast Fashion: a Hit to Your Wallet
考点二 文章大意题
3 个做法 4 个窍门，快速确定文章大意
一、文章是由段落组成的。段落的主题就是段落的中心思想，具体段落的中心思想又是为文章整体中
心思想服务的。理解整篇文章的中心思想的方法是建立在理解具体段落中心思想的基础上的。具体做法是：
1 ．找出每小段的主题句， 各段的主题句常在该段的首句或尾句， 各段主题句的整体归纳便是文章的中
心思想。
2 ．文章无明显主题句，主题句隐含在段意之中，这就需要分步提炼，然后再进一步加工概括。
3 ．观察全文的结构安排，区别文章的“核心”和“支撑性细节”。核心是概括性的、理论性的；支撑性细
节是碎片化的、事例性的。事例是为理论性的“核心”服务的， “核心” 即是文章的主题。
二、用浏览法(skimming)，即快速阅读文首、文尾， 或每段的首句和尾句等， 搜索主题线索和主题信息
的方法可以快速找到主题句。以下是找主题句的四个小窍门：
1 ．段落中出现表示转折的词语(如 however ，but ，in fact ，actually 等)时，该句很可能是主题句。
2 ．首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的回答很可能就是文章主旨。
3 ．作者有意识重复的观点，通常是主旨；反复出现的词语， 一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。
4 ．表示总结或结论的句子常包含 therefore ，thus ，in short ，conclude ，conclusion 等。
（2023·广 东 · 校 联 考 模 拟 预 测 ）When we are born, we are perfect. As we grow, we develop many complexities due to many influences in our lives. Our brain collects and saves all kinds of information from the moment we are born. Apart from our brain having memory, cells in our body have their own memory, meaning that our body stores memories, both physiological and psychological. We are complex emotional beings in nature
compared with any other living things.
Apparently, physical and psychological memories strongly influence our emotions! Interestingly, we can create, store, and release emotions like energy. Moreover, if we do not process our negative emotions properly and suppress (压制) them for a long time, they can find a way out violently and unexpectedly. Unfortunately, we carry
our guilt throughout our lives putting the ever-increasing burden on our shoulders.
Both guilt and anger are useless for us. Therefore, one may ask: is there a way to put down the burden from our shoulders It is possible, indeed. Importantly, since our guilt and anger inside us are neither released nor given attention, they are stored. Actually, we should take action to address our negative emotions in order to remove them
from our system. We cannot just wish them away.
In fact, by acknowledging their presence and providing a channel for them, we can dissolve our emotions gradually. Is there a better way to unload our burden Luckily, we have a natural gift for processing our feelings
and emotions-forgiveness.
Indeed, forgiving ourselves is a great way to dissolve negative emotions. Of course, we should also learn to
readily forgive others, and when we learn to forgive ourselves, we also naturally forgive others.
In summary, it is no good carrying our years of emotional baggage. By forgiving, we can throw away the
emotional baggage we carry for years. Forgive your past mistakes. The moment you start forgiving, you will feel
relieved and years of heaviness will lift magically!
32 ．What’s the main idea of this passage
A ．Learning to forgive helps people unload their psychological burden
B ．Forgiving is the best way for people to dissolve negative emotions
C ．Forgiving ourselves is the first step of forgiving others
D ．Being energetic and optimistic leads to a happier life
（2023·重庆 · 重庆巴蜀中学校考模拟预测）“I know when to go out, and when to stay in.”,English rock star David Bowie once confidently sang in his hit single. When it comes to consuming food, the decisiveness claimed by the singer-songwriter is hard to achieve. I disagree with the statement and argue it’s better to eat out than to
order home delivery.
To begin with, when setting foot in a restaurant, we’re immediately greeted not only by a server ready to seat us, but by a flood of physical feelings—the eyes take in the internal decoration of the place, the nose breathes in the pleasant smell of expertly plated food and the ears pick up on competing sounds of customer chatter and attractive in-store music. To eat out is to experience an atmosphere unique to each restaurant. Something as special as that simply can’t be reproduced by ordering home delivery. Eating out is, without doubt, the more exciting and thus
better choice.
Eating out becomes even more appealing when staying home proves too painful. Whether it is because we need a temporary fight from our family or that we simply want to spend some quality time outside with loved ones,
going out for a meal can be a break from the hard labour of domestic living.
We could take it as an opportunity for self-care—to treat ourselves by dressing up, arriving in style at a fancy restaurant and ordering a slightly more luxurious meal to refresh our weary soul. Ordering home delivery would only contribute to feelings of being penned in while; eating out is an escape for the trapped individual. Food
delivery app users reason it’s a trouble and less convenient to dress up and eat out.
However, it’s worth noting we may not always get our food in the most satisfactory condition when opting for home delivery. There’s a risk of receiving food orders with missing items or even entirely wrong orders that can’t be sent back. What we sacrifice for convenience might just wind up being inconvenient. Consequently, it makes
more sense to eat out rather than risk disappointment by ordering home delivery.
52 ．What does the author mainly talk about
A ．Dining options. B ．Cuisine culture.
C ．Consumption level. D ．Food categories.
53 ．What advantage of eating out is highlighted in paragraph 2
A ．Quality service. B ．Comfort and convenience.
C ．Sensory enjoyment. D ．A reasonable mix of nutrition.
54 ．What does the author think of ordering home delivery
A ．It’s quite pricey. B ．It may let consumers down.
C ．It may cause food waste. D ．It’s not environmental-friendly.
55 ．How is the text developed
A ．By providing examples. B ．By following space order.
C ．By making comparisons. D ．By analyzing mental processes.
考点三 标题归纳题
理解标题的三大特点，巧用三大方法确定文章标题。
一个好的标题应具备三大特点：
1 ．概括——准确而又简短；
2 ．针对性——标题外延正好与文章内容相符；
3 ．醒目—— 能引发读者的阅读欲望。
因此有必要掌握以下三大方法：
1 ．正面肯定法：在理解文章主旨的基础上，揣摩哪个选项能准确概括主旨；
2 ．反面否定法：撇开原文，拿各个备选项去设想用它们写出来的“文章”将是什么内容，然后和原文章
对照， 一一排除不符选项；
3 ．研读备选项本身：研读备选项里面的中心词、修饰词的变化、结构、概括性等。
【2022 年北京卷】Quantum ( 量子 ) computers have been on my mind a lot lately. A friend has been sending me articles on how quantum computers might help solve some of the biggest challenges we face as humans. I’ve also had exchanges with two quantum-computing experts. One is computer scientist Chris Johnson who I see as someone
who helps keep the field honest. The other is physicist Philip Taylor.
For decades, quantum computing has been little more than a laboratory curiosity. Now, big tech companies have invested in quantum computing, as have many smaller ones. According to Business Weekly, quantum machines could help us “cure cancer, and even take steps to turn climate change in the opposite direction.” This is the sort of hype ( 炒作 ) that annoys Johnson. He worries that researchers are making promises they can’t keep. “What’s new,”
Johnson wrote, “is that millions of dollars are now potentially available to quantum computing researchers.”
As quantum computing attracts more attention and funding, researchers may mislead investors, journalists, the
public and, worst of all, themselves about their work’s potential. If researchers can’t keep their promises, excitement
might give way to doubt, disappointment and anger, Johnson warns. Lots of other technologies have gone through stages of excitement. But something about quantum computing makes it especially prone to hype, Johnson suggests, perhaps because “‘quantum’ stands for something cool you shouldn’t be able to understand.” And that brings me back
to Taylor, who suggested that I read his book Q for Quantum.
After I read the book, Taylor patiently answered my questions about it. He also answered my questions about PyQuantum, the firm he co-founded in 2016. Taylor shares Johnson’s concerns about hype, but he says those
concerns do not apply to PyQuantum.
The company, he says, is closer than any other firm “by a very large margin ( 幅度 )” to building a “useful” quantum computer, one that “solves an impactful problem that we would not have been able to solve otherwise.” He adds, “People will naturally discount my opinions, but I have spent a lot of time quantitatively comparing what we are
doing with others.”
Could PyQuantum really be leading all the competition “by a wide margin”, as Taylor claims I don’t know. I’m certainly not going to advise my friend or anyone else to invest in quantum computers. But I trust Taylor, just as I
trust Johnson.
34. Which would be the best title for the passage
A. Is Johnson More Competent Than Taylor
B. Is Quantum Computing Redefining Technology
C. Will Quantum Computers Ever Come into Being
D. Will Quantum Computing Ever Live Up to Its Hype
（2023·福建泉州 · 泉州五中校考一模）Technology seems to discourage slow reading. Reading on screens tires eyes easily. So online writing is more skimmable than print. The neuroscientist Mary Walt argued this “new norm” of skim reading is producing “an invisible, dramatic transformation” in how readers process words. And brains now favor rapid absorption of information, rather than skills developed by deeper reading, like critical
analysis.
We shouldn’t overplay this danger. All readers skim. Skimming is the skill we acquire as we learn to read more skillfully. And fears about declining attention spans have proved to be false alarms. “Some critics worry
about attention span and see very short stories as signs of cultural decline, ” The American author Selvin wrote.
“But nobody ever said poems were evidence of short attention spans. ”
Yet the Internet has certainly changed the way we read. First, it means there’s more to read, because more people than ever are writing. And digital writing means rapid release and response. Once published, online articles start forming a comment string underneath. Such mode of writing and reading can be interactive and fun, but is
probably lacking in profound reflection.
Perhaps we should slow down. Reading is constantly promoted as a source of personal achievement. But this advocacy emphasizes “enthusiastic” or “eager” reading — neither suggest slow absorption. To a slow reader, a piece of writing can only be fully understood by immersing oneself in their slow comprehension of words. The slow reader is like a swimmer who stops counting the number of pool laps he’s done and just enjoys how his body
feels and moves in water.
The human need for this kind of deep reading is too determined for any new technology to destroy. We often assume technological change can’t be stopped, so older media are kicked out by newer, more virtual forms. In practice, older technologies can coexist with new ones. The Kindle hasn’t killed off printed books any more than cars killed off bicycles. We still want to enjoy slowly-formed ideas and carefully-chosen words. Even in a
fast-moving age, there is time for slow reading.
1 ．What is the author’s attitude towards Selvin’s opinion
A ．Favorable. B ．Critical. C ．Doubtful. D ．Objective.
2 ．Which statement would the author probably agree with
A ．Advocacy of passionate reading helps promote slow reading.
B ．Digital writing and reading tends to ignore careful reflection.
C ．We should be aware of the impact skimming has on the brain.
D ．The number of Internet readers declines due to technology.
3 ．Why is “swimmer” mentioned in paragraph 4
A ．To demonstrate how to immerse oneself in thought.
B ．To stress swimming differs from reading.
C ．To show slow reading is better than fast reading.
D ．To illustrate what slow reading is like.
4 ．Which would be the best title for the passage
A ．Slow Reading is Here to Stay
B ．Technology Prevents Slow Reading
C ．Reflections on Deep Reading
D ．The Wonder of Deep Reading
(
过关检测
)
（2023·湖南郴州 · 校联考模拟预测）It’s unlikely that you come home from a trip and stand on top of your bed still wearing your street shoes. For some travellers, putting their suitcase on their bed is just as disgusting (令人 反感的). The wheels of our luggage paced the same soiled path as our shoes, rolling through airport bathrooms,
sidewalks and public transportation.
While it might sound terrible to put a worldly bag on your bed, is it actually harmful to your health According to Phyllis Kozarsky, an expert travel health consultant, most public health professionals don’t consider
luggage a major transmitter (传播者) of disease.
“We have not identified outbreaks related to dirty luggage,” Kozarsky says. Travellers may benefit from cleaning their luggage if they suspect that their hotel rooms are overrun with bedbugs. “Then they certainly would
benefit by cleaning it after they returned home,” Kozarsky says.
Even if your luggage touching your bed won’t hurt you, you might still be disgusted. After all, travel is an experience full of bacteria. “You have people... carrying all types of different bacteria. Some of them are sick, and you now have them populating these public travel places,” says Colleen Costello, CEO of Vital Vio, a company that makes antibacterial LED lights. Your fellow travellers have to touch all the same things you have to touch,
from the TSA checkpoint to the airplane, the train ticketing machine to the handrail in your train car.
For peace of mind, Costello recommends giving your bag a quick disinfection or storing it on a luggage shelf. Of course, you could go beyond disinfecting your luggage wheels and clean thoroughly the rest of your travel
experience — the airplane tray table, hotel room door and remote control.
But Kozarsky doesn’t guarantee that lifestyle. “It’s hard to keep up with every doorhandle, every railing,”
Kozarsky says. “You can become a little neurotic (神经质的) that way.”
5 ．What’s the function of the first paragraph
A ．To predict the conclusion. B ．To present the argument.
C ．To introduce the topic. D ．To describe the phenomenon.
6 ．What does Kozarsky convey by explaining the luggage-cleaning case
A ．Luggage touching your bed won’t hurt you. B ．Luggage spreads disease through your bed.
C ．It’s a must to clean your luggage after travelling. D ．Travellers should be careful of on-way dangers.
7 ．How does Costello support his opinion
A ．By giving examples. B ．By stating facts.
C ．By making comparisons. D ．By listing figures.
8 ．What does Kozarsky think of Costello’s suggestion
A ．It has gone too far. B ．It’s absolutely worthless.
C ．It sounds somewhat reasonable. D ．It’s worth taking into consideration.
（2022·内蒙古包头 · 包头市第四中学校考模拟预测）Common phrases like “no pains, no gains” give the impression that we ought to be suffering while we study. It’s almost as though the only way to know if we’re
putting in enough work is the sense of hardship we bear.
When we haven’t taken the time to come up with another strategy, all we know how to do is shut ourselves in a room with a book. It’s no surprise that we find revision boring and difficult. Just as children learn from playing,
we can learn from doing, or at least from study techniques that engage us, rather than make us switch off.
Shutting yourself away can make you learn to hate studying. This leads to a situation where instead of being able to concentrate on your work, you obsess about (唠叨)how unfair it is that you must study. When you feel bitter about your work it’s very difficult to make yourself start, or approach it with enthusiasm. This can be part of a vicious cycle (恶性循环) that traps you into ineffective revision, your poor progress fuelling further bitterness. Just being around other people really helps fight against feelings of loneliness and, thankfully, it’s perfectly possible to
work in the company of other people. We just need to learn how to deal with distractions.
It’s not necessary to avoid all company, just idle (懒散的) company. Studying in the same room with someone who is ironing or working out is perfectly possible. People who are bored and looking to be distracted, however, are terrible to work around. They constantly try to keep others in conversation. It’s also a good idea to avoid the company of people engaged in activities that you would rather be doing than studying. Working while sitting next
to someone playing video games is much more likely to end with a new high score than a productive few hours of
revision. If being around others means working in a noisy environment, a pair of headphones and some background music can block out noises. They also act as a psychological barrier, so that people think twice before interrupting
you.
When you’re studying for a big exam, it seems like your whole life is taken up with study. Being in the same room with friends and family can lessen feelings of isolation ( 孤立). Also connecting with other people makes us
happy, so it’s important not to give that up and to make sure that we take the time to socialize.
9 ．What is the author’s attitude to the saying “no pains, no gains”
A ．Serious. B ．Positive C ．Negative D ．Uncaring.
10 ．What should you do if you are studying in a noisy environment
A ．Give indication of not wanting to be interrupted.
B ．Give up others’ company at once.
C ．Think twice before taking any action.
D ．Force yourself to be accustomed to the environment.
11 ．What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about
A ．Ways to deal with distractions.
B ．How to choose a perfect place to study.
C ．Learning problems students are faced with.
D ．How to focus mind on study.
12 ．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text
A ．To encourage students to work hard.
B ．To introduce effective learning strategies
C ．To remind students to balance study and play.
D ．To advise students study in the company of others.
（2023·山西 · 校联考模拟预测） What do you want from life Perhaps you want to spend more time with your family, or get a more secure job, or improve your health. But why do you want those things Chances are that your
answer will come down to one thing: Happiness.
Yet there is some evidence that too much pursuit of happiness is associated with a greater risk of depression. Modern conceptions of happiness are primarily practical, focusing on what we might call the techniques of
happiness. The concern is not what happiness is, but instead on how to get it.
But maximizing pleasure isn’t the only option. Every human life, even the most fortunate, is filled with pain. Painful loss, painful disappointments, the physical pain of injury or sickness, and the mental pain of long-suffering
boredom, loneliness, or sadness. Pain is an unavoidable consequence of being alive. All the good things in life
involve suffering. Writing a novel, running a marathon, or giving birth all cause suffering in pursuit of the final,
joyous result.
There are other factors as well. In the eyes of Aristotle, we get happiness by exercising our uniquely human capabilities to think and reason. But thinking and reasoning are as much social activities as they are individual. Happiness requires others; it is not an emotional state so much as it is the excellence of the relations we cultivate
with other people.
But even that cannot guarantee happiness. Aristotle recognised that our happiness is hostage（人质）to fortune. Events beyond any individual’s control—war, poverty, and global pandemics—will often make happiness impossible. Happiness is not a mental state that can be permanently won, but instead it’s a practice which we hone
（磨练） , imperfectly, in circumstances only partly of our making.
Recognizing this will not secure a good life, but it will avoid the illusory （虚幻 的 ）hope of permanent contentment. No life worth living should meet the only standard. Instead, aim with Aristotle to embrace those faults
and to flower in spite of them.
13 ．Where can you find negative effects of focusing too much on “happiness”
A ．In paragraph 2. B ．In paragraph 3.
C ．In paragraph 4. D ．In paragraph 5.
14 ．How does the author prove that pain is an unavoidable result of being alive
A ．By making comparisons. B ．By analyzing causes.
C ．By giving examples. D ．By telling stories.
15 ．What is Aristotle’s view on happiness
A ．Happiness is a stable emotional state.
B ．Good personal relationships lead to happiness.
C ．Taking part in social activities guarantees happiness.
D ．Happiness promotes independent thinking and reasoning.
16 ．What is the text mainly about
A ．Happiness is what humans pursue forever.
B ．Happiness lies in the process of pursuing it.
C ．Our pursuit of happiness may be imperfect.
D ．Depression and happiness are equally important.
（2023·四川 · 校联考模拟预测）Nearly 10,000 protesters came out in support of the Black Lives Matter rally in London. Londoners filled Victoria Park in support of the Black Lives Matter movement against the systemic
racism and police brutality (暴行) happening in the United States and Canada.
The Black Lives Matter movement has seen thousands of people across Canada, the United States and the world join together following the death of George Floyd, a black man died in police custody after a white police officer was filmed kneeling on his neck. Floyd’s death in Minneapolis was only the latest in a number of cases of
Black men dying while in police custody.
“Racism happens here, it happens to me, it happens to my son, it happens to my friends, and we have just been quiet and silent for far too long,” said Alexandra Kane, a spokesperson for Black Lives Matter London movement. She is hoping that from the Black Lives Matter movements they can see reform and changes within the government so that both Black and Indigenous people are “viewed and treated fairly”. “We want people within our own Black community to know we support each other. We don’t often congregate and come together, but now we can do so
safely without the fear of being put into a stereotypical category.”
“I can’t even begin to name all of the times in the 18 years of my life that someone or something has made me feel less than because of the color of my skin,” one of the organizers, Simone Schacht, said when speaking at the rally. Meanwhile, “It disgusts me because we are human beings just like anyone else and we should not be treated
differently,” cried 10-year-old Noah.
Nichelle Samuel was there with her husband and daughter in solidarity with her fellow Black Canadians calling for change. “Every time my husband leaves the house, it’s a constant worry something may happen,” she said. “Seeing what happens in the states only kind of effects here on a silent level. I want this rally to let people
know this stuff happens silently, and if you see it, you hear it, do something about it.”
17 ．What does the author indicate to us by the example of Floyd in Paragraph 2
A ．American police are very violent.
B ．Floyd’s tragic death was caused by a white cop.
C ．People all over the world sympathized with Floyd.
D ．Black people have long suffered from racial discrimination.
18 ．Who was involved in organization of Black Lives Matter rally in London
A ．Nichelle Samuel. B ．Alexandra Kane. C ．Simone Schacht. D ．Noah.
19 ．What does the underlined word “congregate” probably mean
A ．unite B ．defeat C ．transform D ．congratulate
20 ．Which statement will the author probably agree with
A ．The government should not be blamed for the failure of white police.
B ．The death of Floyd was a trigger for the Black Lives Matter.
C ．Discrimination based on skin color is bad but inevitable.
D ．Black Lives Matter rally may not work.
（2022·四川凉山 · 统考三模）What is the first thing that comes to your mind when you hear the word “hero” Is it someone who wears a cape and can fly in the air There are onscreen heroes like the superheroe in Avengers,
and there are also everyday heroes in our lives.
Whether they’re championship athletes, groundbreaking scientists, programmers changing the world with a keyboard, firefighters rushing into burning buildings, artists creating amazing images, or rescue dogs searching for
signs of life, they can be descried as “heroes” .
But what makes a person a hero
In general, a hero is someone selfless, courageous and brave. These qualities drive heroes to help others in
times of need, even if they are scared. You can count on them to be there for you if something bad happens.
“The people that we set up as heroes are people that generally go above and beyond the call of the duty. They
do things that are extraordinary,” said Nick Carden, a psychologist at the AAPPHC Renaissance Center in the US.
However, why are some people heroic Nick Carden said that heroes are made. “They probably are people
that have been influenced by and have been helped by or have been modeled or raised to have those as values.”
Ordinary people—just like you and me—are heroes in their own way, simply just by doing their part for their
families and communities. Cleaners, journalists, nurses, and bus drivers—the list goes on and on.
These ordinary people help keep order in our day-to-day lives. And, sometimes, when there are emergencies,
they show courage and bravery to help complete strangers in need.
Being a hero is a universal attribute(属性) of human nature. “The decision to act heroically is a choice that many of us will be called upon to make at some point in time. Heroism becomes something that seems in the range of possibilities for every person, perhaps inspiring more of us to answer the call,” heroism researchers Zeno Franco
and Philip Zimbardo wrote in Greater Good Magazine.
Most importantly, try to become your own hero. Be courageous, honest and a person with integrity. Once you
are your own hero, you can truly do anything you set your mind to.
21 ．Which of the following can be described as a hero
A ．A guide dog accompanying its blind owner.
B ．A painter creating artwork worth millions of dollars.
C ．A scientist developing a medicine having some side effects.
D ．A programmer developing something decreasing working efficiency.
22 ．What kind of person should a hero be
A ．Brave and reliable. B ．Selfish and honest.
C ．Courageous and stubborn. D ．Aggressive and handsome.
23 ．What is Nick Carden’s opinion about heroes
A ．They do brave things based on their responsibilities.
B ．They can do great things beyond people’s expectations.
C ．They are different from people because of extraordinary abilities.
D ．They do great things to help others even if no one requires them to do so.
24 ．What is the author most likely to talk about next
A ．Why integrity is important for our life.
B ．The most important qualities of heroes.
C ．Figures we can learn from to become heroes.
D ．Things we can do to become our own heroes.
（2023·福建福州 · 福建省福州第一中学校考三模）We’ve all been there. It has been a long day, there is nothing in the fridge, cooking seems arduous and the solution is obvious: takeaway. It’s easy for takeaways to become a regular habit. At some point, you have to wonder: even if you don’t look different in the mirror, is it
doing you any harm
There is some evidence that too many takeaways is linked to weight gain, but the relationship isn’t clear. A 2022 study found a connection between eating takeaway-style food in the 24 hours before taking the survey and increased BMI in participants, although the researchers were careful to point out that they didn’t know whether frequently eating takeaways made people overweight, or whether overweight people frequently eat takeaways. There is,however, evidence that simply living near(or walking past)a takeaway outlet or two can have an impact on
body weight, with exposure to outlets near the workplace, most likely to tempt people.
But why Well, takeaway food tends to be high in fat and salt - ingredients that are relatively cheap and taste
good, making you more likely to reorder. There is also some evidence that junk food can be addictive, as the
combination of salt, fat and sugar makes it hard to stop eating.
There is also the nutritional quality of the ingredients themselves. “Most takeaways contain highly processed ingredients and additives, nutrient-poor carbohydrates and plenty of deep-fried foods cooked in oil repeatedly
heated to high temperatures, says Pearson.
So, what is the message If you must place that order, consider the options:
The worst offenders on any menu are likely to be fried foods, or anything covered in high-sugar sauces. If you order Chinese food, go for steamed dumplings, grilled fish or soup. If you are going for Indian food, go heavy on
the side dishes, like bean and potato curries, which are often more flavourful and healthy.
Finally, try to cut your consumption: consider switching your daily routes, hide the menus, and delete the apps
on your phone.
25 ．What does the underlined word ‘arduous’ in Paragraph 1 probably mean
A ．Attractive B ．Troublesome
C ．Confusing D ．Dull
26 ．What are researchers still unclear about
A ．The cause and effect relationship of takeaways and being overweight
B ．Whether there is any connection between takeaways and being overweight
C ．Which ingredients in takeaway food are the most addictive
D ．Whether takeaways near the workplace are more likely to attract people
27 ．Which takeaway choice would the writer consider least harmful
A ．Hamburgers and fries B ．Indian main courses
C ．Fried noodles D ．Steamed dumplings
28 ．Which of the following is the best title for the passage
A ．Takeaways make you fat
B ．Are takeaways harmful
C ．How to choose the best takeaway
D ．How to avoid takeaways
（2023·辽宁锦州 · 渤海大学 附属高级 中学校考模拟预测 ）What’s more important in determining life
success-book smarts or street smarts This question gets at the heart of an important debate contrasting the relative
importance of cognitive(认知的)intelligence (CI) and emotional intelligence (EI).
Cognitive intelligence is still recognized as an important element of success, particularly when it comes to academic achievements. People with high cognitive intelligence typically do well in school, often earn more
money, and tend to be healthier in general.
But today experts recognize that cognitive intelligence is not the only determining factor of life success. Instead, it is part of a complex range of influences-one that includes emotional intelligence. Many companies now provide emotional intelligence training and use emotional intelligence tests as part of the hiring process. Research has found that individuals with strong leadership potential also tend to be more emotionally intelligent, suggesting that high emotional intelligence is an important equality for business leaders and managers. According to a survey of hiring managers, almost 75% of the responders suggested that they valued an employee’s emotional intelligence
more than his cognitive intelligence.
Now that emotional intelligence is so important, can it be taught or strengthened According to one meta-analysis that looked at the results of social and emotional learning programmes, the answer to that question is definitely yes. Strategies for teaching emotional intelligence include character education, modeling positive behaviours, encouraging people to think about how others are feeling, and finding ways to be more empathetic(感
同身受的)towards others.
All in all, life success is a result of many factors. Both cognitive intelligence and emotional intelligence play roles in overall success, as well as health, wellness, and happiness. Rather than focusing on which factors have a prior influence, the greatest benefit may lie in learning to improve skills in multiple areas. In addition to strengthening cognitive abilities, such as memory and mental focus, you can also acquire and improve social and
emotional skills.
33 ．What can we know about people with book smarts
A ．They can debate with other people.
B ．They can deal with various situations.
C ．They can be outstanding in academic research.
D ．They can be good at gaining real life experience.
34 ．Why does the author mention the data in Paragraph 3
A ．To indicate the strictness of the hiring process.
B ．To prove the importance of emotional intelligence.
C ．To explain the result of emotional intelligence tests.
D ．To show the influence of cognitive intelligence on success.
35 ．What can be learned concerning emotional intelligence
A ．Evaluating how others feel. B ．One’s extreme behaviours
C ．One’s academic performance. D ．Controlling others’ emotions.
36 ．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A ．Does book smarts matter B ．Is CI or El more important
C ．What counts most in life D ．Mental health or physical health
（2023·湖北 ·模拟预测）Online classes began to be popularized just a few decades ago. They are advertised as a way for adults to finish their education and students to learn the material at their own pace -- it is far more
suitable for people with busy schedules.
But after being enrolled in an online course last fall semester, I came to realize online classes were merely a
means to fulfil course requirements.
First of all, students lack the desire to learn and they simply complete their assignments to receive credit for a
passing grade rather than genuinely engage with the course material.
As online courses tend to have more than 100 students, most of the assignments are short and simple. They are not designed for students to interact with the material in depth but designed to be graded easily to accommodate
such a large number of students.
Perhaps the biggest disadvantage of taking an online class is the absence of face-to-face interaction between the teacher and their students. Live sessions are infrequent and are often scheduled during the middle of the day when students have to attend other classes or work. The office hours of the professor may also be during inconvenient times for many students as well. Most interaction with the professor has to be through email which is
often impersonal. It is nearly impossible for students to build a relationship with their professor.
There is also little interaction among students. It can be harder to create study groups and form relationships
with their peers.
Online classes also require either a computer or laptop and a reliable Internet connection. Not all students have access to these types of resources, whether it is for financial or other reasons, and some students can be put at a
disadvantage.
Offering online classes certainly helps students who would otherwise not be able to attend classroom sessions.
However, they fail to provide a genuine education with an emphasis on convenience rather than critical thinking. We need restructured online classes in which students can have a learning experience that will actually provide
quality education.
37 ．What does the author say about students enrolled in online classes
A ．They are unmotivated to learn. B ．They can access course materials easily.
C ．They can learn at their own pace. D ．They rarely fulfil the course requirements.
38 ．What does the author think of online course assignments
A ．They are based on easily accessible material.
B ．They are meant to facilitate interaction.
C ．They are made convenient to mark.
D ．They are given to accommodate students’ needs.
39 ．What does the author say is one disadvantage of online classes
A ．They are frequently scheduled at irregular times.
B ．They provide little chance for students to build relationships with each other.
C ．They tend to increase professors’ burden of responding to students’ emails.
D ．They make professors offices much less accessible.
40 ．What does the author think makes up a key part of genuine education
A ．Acquisition of useful knowledge.
B ．Training of real-life skills on campus.
C ．Development of students personalities.
D ．Cultivation of analytical thinking ability.
（2023·黑龙江哈尔滨 · 哈师大附中校考模拟预测）Even though people have been disabled playing sports like rugby and football, extreme sports take the whole ordeal (磨难) to the next level. Sports like downhill cycling are very dangerous because one would be going downhill, over rocky or dirt zones, through forests, even at
potentially deadly speeds. A slip-up could be your downfall.
Nobody who gets into extreme sports goes with the desire to do harm to themselves. With that, athletes train for years and years before they attempt anything extreme. To most people, extreme sports are extreme simply
because they take more skill than what an average person has. An athlete with skill and training makes an extreme
thing become a daily routine, which does not wipe out the danger, but greatly reduces it.
Even when there is a lot of skill involved, things might not go the athlete’s way, not at all. Luck and circumstances have a lot to do with how things develop, whether above 8, 000 meters or in a wood, going downhill.
In some places, crossing the street is an extreme sport, considering how wild traffic can get.
Some view parkour, the sports of running, jumping and climbing under, around and through buildings, as an extreme sport, while it is more of a life philosophy, where the athlete does not have to do anything remotely dangerous. Free soloing, which means climbing a rock or ice face without safety gear, is absolutely deadly, where one slip means almost certain death, depending on the height, of course. Skateboarding is relatively safe, but if you constantly find ridiculous places to practice on, like the fence of a bridge, then things can get very complicated. The
extreme part depends on the athlete.
To summarize, yes, extreme sports are dangerous, but the danger depends on the athlete, their choice of sport, direction in which they take it, as well as the circumstances. Some things are out of our control, while others we can
influence through exercise and healthier risk choices.
41 ．What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about regarding extreme sports
A ．Extreme sports differ from one another.
B ．Skill matters a lot in maintaining safety.
C ．Athletes’ luck is a key factor that influences safety.
D ．Extreme sports are more dangerous than regular sports.
42 ．Why are several extreme sports listed in Paragraph 4
A ．To explain danger depends on the athlete.
B ．To show free soloing is the most dangerous.
C ．To compare which one involves the most skill.
D ．To demonstrate how to choose an extreme sport.
43 ．What is the author’s attitude towards the danger of extreme sports
A ．Objective. B ．Doubtful.
C ．Intolerant. D ．Unconcerned.
44 ．Which of the following is the best title of the text
A ．Do Extreme Sports Test Your Courage
B ．Why Should Extreme Sports Be Banned
C ．Are Extreme Sports Really That Dangerous
D ．Why Do We Take to Extreme Sports So Much
（2023·北京 · 北京四中校考模拟预测）The term “labor shortage” was Googled more in May. Headline after
headline has cited wage rises and bonuses that seem to make it a job hunter’s market.
The concept sounds simple —American companies must be struggling to find the employees they need. Yet some labor economists would argue the picture isn’t complete. Employers are unable to find the workers they want
at the wages they’re willing to pay. Failing to appreciate this distinction could lead to policy errors down the road.
The laws of supply and demand should make spotting labor shortages relatively straightforward. When there
aren’t enough workers, employers pay more to get them and wages go up.
Yet quickening wage growth isn’t the only mark of a shortage. The sign is seeing this trend alongside stalling (停滞) job growth. Just look at what’s been happening in the leisure and hotel industry, among the most bruised by the COVID-19 shutdown. After jobs almost disappeared during the pandemic, we’re starting to see a rebound: In May, the industry created 292, 000 jobs, far outpacing other corners of the economy. Meanwhile, average weekly earnings have been rising faster. In other words, the market is working to resolve a shortage: When employers lift wages, they’re able to attract the employees they need. Yet, the industry wages are only just meeting pre-COVID
levels; they are not too high.
To assess a shortage accurately, though, you need to look beyond industries to specific locations and occupations. The taxicab queuing model was used to address the debate about a shortage of workers in engineering. Employers and job openings can be thought of as taxis, while workers are a line of waiting passengers. Depending on your location, there may be a long line of taxis (say, at the airport), or on the contrary a long line of passengers (at a hotel). Demand for chemistry engineers in Texas, for example, is different from chemistry engineers in
Massachusetts.
The bottom line is that, in the market, shortages are not universal. Simultaneous shortages and surpluses can come to the force across the economy at any given point, which is why broad-brush policies can be
counterproductive.
45 ．What does May’s rebound jobs in the leisure and hotel industry tell us
A ．The leisure and hotel industry is doing a very successful business.
B ．Rapid wage growth connects with stalling employment growth.
C ．The economy recovered quickly after the COVID-19.
D ．Employees are eager to work after the COVID-19.
46 ．Why does the author mention “The taxicab queuing model” in paragraph 5
A ．To explain an opinion. B ．To clarify a concept.
C ．To present a fact. D ．To make a prediction.
47 ．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A ．Job market is expected to be stronger
B ．Take wisdom to assess labor shortages
C ．Competitors are eager to keep talent
D ．Let the market fix labor shortages
（2023·湖南长沙 · 长郡中学校考模拟预测）Ralph Emerson once said that the purpose of life is not to be happy, but to be useful, to be loving, to make some difference in the world. While we appreciate such words of
wisdom, we rarely try to follow them in our lives.
Most people prefer to live a good life themselves, ignoring their responsibilities for the world. This narrow perception of a good life may provide short-term benefits, but is sure to lead to long-term harm and suffering. A good life based on comfort and luxury may eventually lead to more pain because we spoil our health and even our
character, principles, ideals, and relationships.
What then, is the secret of a good life A good life is a process, not a state of being: a direction, not a destination. We have to earn a good life by first serving others without any expectation in return because their happiness is the very source of our own happiness. More importantly, we must know ourselves inside out. Only when we examine ourselves deeply can we discover our abilities and recognize our limitations, and then work
accordingly to create a better world.
The first requirement for a good life is having a loving heart. When we do certain right things merely as a duty, we find our job so tiresome that we’ll soon burn out. However, when we do that same job out of love, we not
only enjoy what we do, but also do it with an effortless feeling.
However, love alone is insufficient to lead a good life. Love sometimes blinds us to the reality. Consequently, our good intentions may not lead to good results. To achieve desired outcome, those who want to do good to others also need to equip themselves with accurate world knowledge. False knowledge is more dangerous than ignorance. If love is the engine of a car, knowledge is the steering wheel( 方向盘). If the engine lacks power, the car can’t
move; if the driver loses control of the steering, a road accident probably occurs. Only with love in heart and the
right knowledge in mind can we lead a good life.
With love and knowledge, we go all out to create a better world by doing good to others. When we see the
impact of our good work on the world we give meaning to our life and earn lasting joy and happiness.
48 ．What effect does the narrow perception of a good life have on us
A ．Making us simple-minded. B ．Making us short-sighted.
C ．Leading us onto a busy road. D ．Keeping us from comfort and luxury.
49 ．According to the author, how can one gain true happiness
A ．Through maintaining good health.
B ．By going through pain and suffering.
C ．By recognizing one’s abilities and limitations.
D ．Through offering help much needed by others.
50 ．According to Paragraph 4, doing certain right things with a loving heart makes one .
A ．less selfish B ．less annoying
C ．more motivated D ．more responsible
51 ．According to Paragraph 5, life can be made truly good when .
A ．inspired by love and guided by knowledge
B ．directed by love and pushed by knowledge
C ．purified by love and enriched by knowledge
D ．promoted by love and defined by knowledge
（2023·广西 · 统考三模）Fashion rental has been on the increase for a few years, similar to trends such as up-cycling and charity shopping. It seems likely to be another pandemic related trend, pushing people to think about fashion consumption and sustainable living — a positive to come out of an isolating two years. Maybe more
sustainable way of looking and thinking about fashion is the industry’s future.
According to Fashion United, the fashion rental market is “expected to grow more than 10% year-on-year until 2027”. Rental is a positive in the rapidly changing world of fashion. It is not a trend; it is a solution to limiting the
unnecessary production and consumption of clothing.
Sue Ingle, owner of Heavenly Hat Hire, says her main customers are “those attending weddings and races” . Discussing the cost of living, she explains how “people are unwilling to pay 200 for a hat they may only wear
once”, so paying a percentage of this on a rental is more affordable and therefore more accessible to a wider
audience.
Fashion rental is widening its market. Luxury department stores such as Selfridges and Harrods join forces with rental companies to provide designer items on loan. So why go to a smaller business From purchasing experience, small businesses often have a more personal feel with extra touches, which are not needed but much appreciated. Heavenly Hat Hire invites customers to book an appointment to try on hats. Sue names the hats to give them a more personal feel and loves it when a customer comes in telling her “I don’t suit hats and never wear
them”, then an hour later leaves happily with a hat in hand.
If the pandemic revealed anything to the fashion industry, it is that no brand, no matter its scale, is completely secure. We should support the companies thinking about environmental impact and making improvements to
become more sustainable. Small businesses providing this as well as exceptional services should get all our support.
Fashion rental is around to fill the gap in your wardrobe when necessary. As Sue says, “We all need to buy
less and love what we already have a little bit more.”
60 ．What does the author intend to show in Paragraph 3
A ．The change of fashion. B ．The reason for the rise of fashion rental.
C ．The promising future of fashion rental. D ．Rental’s accessibility to a wide audience.
61 ．Why are Selfridges and Harrods mentioned in Paragraph 4
A ．To prove fashion rental’s huge profit. B ．To introduce some famous clothing brands.
C ．To show fashion rental gains popularity. D ．To appeal to more stores to join in the trade.
62 ．What type of smaller businesses should be chosen to cooperate with
A ．Fund-saving. B ．Flexible and movable.
C ．Fast developing. D ．Eco-friendly.
63 ．What is the author s attitude towards fashion rental
A ．Approving. B ．Critical. C ．Objective. D ．Unclear.
（2023·河北衡水 · 河北衡水中学校考模拟预测）Public health data signals a genuine crisis in adolescent mental health: rising rates of anxiety, depression, and hopelessness. But as we worry about tweens and teens who are struggling, we can’t ignore another mounting effect — the burdens that are shouldered by their friends and
peers in an “always on” world.
We have studied teens and tech for over a decade. Their networks are ever-expanding, in no small part because
there’s a sense that being nice means accepting fellow requests from acquaintances and friends-of-friends. And it’s
not just staying connected — it’s keeping up with what others post, too.
Social media platforms thus make it technically possible to maintain more relationships than we are historically actually wired to track and manage. The result is an overwhelming wave of social information. It’s especially intense for adolescents whose developmental sensitivities drive them to care deeply about what their
peers are doing and thinking.
Significant stress comes with trying to be a “good friend” in the age of social media. Friendship requires both public and behind-the-scenes support. Even before a social media post is made public, close friends can be pulled into photo selection, editing, and final examination. Besides, they need to respond in the right way and in the right amount of time, which differs from one relationship to another. Replying too quickly can be seen as over-eager, especially when the friendship is new or not close. But when it’s a close friend, too long a lag (延迟) can be hurtful. The qualities that are key to building or breaking friendships are actually the same as they’ve always been: mutual (相互的) sharing of joys and sorrows, a give and take of acceptance and support, and an ability to weather and resolve conflicts. But technologies have transformed how friendships play out. Social media increases the
burdens that come along with being a good friend. Too often, these dynamics hit teens hard in ways that are lost on
adults. And that is what should be changed with the help of parents, schools and other parts of society.
64 ．What makes teenagers’ networks continue to expand
A ．The pressure to be nice. B ．The requests of their parents.
C ．The need to meet more people. D ．The burden of living independently.
65 ．What does the author think of being a good friend in the age of social media
A ．Exciting. B ．Challenging. C ．Money-saving. D ．Risk-taking.
66 ．What should be changed according to the last paragraph
A ．The qualities of being a teen friend.
B ．The conflicts between schools and parents.
C ．The relations between parents and their teens.
D ．The influences of social media on teen friendship.
67 ．What is the text mainly about
A ．Why more teens are addicted to social media
B ．How teens nowadays gain long-standing friendships
C ．How social media has made teen friendships more stressful
D ．What makes teens become more sensitive to their peers’ needs
（2022·湖北· 校联考模拟预测）A measure in the House’s $ 2 trillion economic bill would require states to cut greenhouse gas emissions ( 排 放 ) promising rewards for transportation departments that post reductions and
“consequences” for those that don’t.
Peter A ．DeFazio, chairman of the Transportation Committee, said the proposal is designed to push states to act. “We’re going to give them very large motivation to actually make those meaningful targets and deliver on those targets,” he said. According to the proposal, states that cut emissions could get a $ 1 billion pot of money and potentially receive other bonus funding from the federal government. The bill doesn’t spell out potential consequences for not reducing emissions, leaving the decision to national transportation officials. Experts say they
could include barriers to accessing highly prized grant funds (拨款).
Much of the attention on cutting emissions from the transport industry-the nation’s largest emitter of greenhouse gases-has focused on the adoption of electric vehicles by putting money in charging factories and supporting battery-powered cars. The new measure sides with environmental advocates who argue the nation can’t battle a changing climate without changing how Americans move around. Environmentalists say the nation’s changing to electric vehicles probably won’t happen quickly enough to limit temperature rises unless Americans can be convinced to drive less, and that would mean building new networks focused on walking, cycling and transit
(运输).
Opposition to the emission measure is deep-seated. The heads of five western state transportation departments wrote a letter to Capitol’s committee last month saying the proposal would harm rural areas because options such as heavy-traffic pricing are not well-suited to places which are populated in few people, and it doesn’t make sense to target those state agencies when there are multiple reasons that influence emissions, including fuel economy
standards for cars and local decisions about where to build stores and homes.
Kevin DeGood, a transportation researcher, said basic construction shape how people can get around. “It is funny that the state transportation departments suggest in the letter that they do not deeply influence greenhouse gas
emissions from the transportation industry,” he said.
68 ．How does the government provide motivation
A ．By praising. B ．By punishing.
C ．By financing. D ．By restricting.
69 ．What is an intended result of the bill
A ．Greatly changed climate. B ．More convenient stores.
C ．Stable fuel economy standards. D ．Eco-friendly transport system.
70 ．Why did some states mention heavy-traffic pricing
A ．To oppose the emission measure. B ．To introduce solutions to emission.
C ．To call for attention to rural areas. D ．To list several reasons for emission.
71 ．What’s Kevin’s attitude towards the letter in paragraph 4
A ．Supportive. B ．Disapproving.
C ．Shocked. D ．Confident.
（2023·安徽合肥 · 合肥市2024届高考高三英语复习——阅读理解议论文
1. 三年真题议论文考点细目表
时间 卷次 主题语境 字数 题型分类
2023 年 新高考 I 卷 / / /
新高考 II 卷 / / /
全国甲卷 / / /
全国乙卷 人与社会：物品纳入历史叙事以 更好地理解无文字社会的重要性 343+131 2 个推理判断题 1 个主旨大意题 1 个词义猜测题
北京卷 / / /
浙江卷 / / /
天津卷 / / /
2022 年 新高考 I 卷 / / /
新高考 II 卷 / / /
全国甲卷 人与社会：悉尼发展中面临的问 题 342+152 1 个细节理解题 2 个推理判断题 1 个主旨大意题
全国乙卷 / / /
北京卷 人与社会：量子计算真的会像它 的宣传那样成功吗？ 400+109 1 个细节理解题 1 个推理判断题 1 个主旨大意题 1 个词义猜测题
浙江卷 / + /
天津卷 人与社会： 美好生活的秘诀 403+194 3 个细节理解题 2 个推理判断题
2021 年 新高考 I 卷 / / /
新高考 II 卷 / / /
全国甲卷 人与社会：“天才 ”有很多种形 式 295+123 1 个细节理解题 2 个推理判断题 1 个主旨大意题
全国乙卷 人与社会：固定电话是非必需品 326+120 2 个推理判断题 1 个主旨大意题 1 个词义猜测题
北京卷 人与自然：人们应该和大自然和 谐相处，保护环境 480+189 1 个细节理解题 2 个推理判断题 1 个主旨大意题
浙江卷 1 月卷 / / /
浙江卷 6 月卷 / / /
天津卷（第一次） 1）人与自我：我们必须学会把过 去抛在脑后， 像蜥蜴一样， 用我们 柔嫩、充满希望的皮肤， 作为人生 的起点 2）人与社会：要当一个多面手， 而不是当某方面的专家 1）408+214 2）409+211 1)2 个细节理解题 2 个推理判断题 1 个词义猜测题 2)2 个细节理解题 2 个推理判断题 1 个主旨大意题
天津卷（第二次） / / /
2. 命题规律及备考策略
【命题规律】
议论文涉及的论题具有生活化的特征，与社会生活密切相关。从命题上看，议论文阅读理解以考查细 节理解、推理判断和主旨大意题为主，但不排除对观点态度的考查。考生在平时的阅读训练中要阅读一定
数量的议论文，以了解和掌握议论文的结构和行文特征。
【备考策略】
在阅读解题时，应该从结构和内容两方面同时入手，先通读全文，再区分事实和观点。通常来说，议 论文会采用三段论式结构。首段会通过一个故事或对某种现象的描述来引入话题，明确论点；接下来是文 章的主体部分，会用两个或两个以上的段落引用事实和理论论据进行论证，常用的论证方法有举例、引用 和对比，这一部分要注意作者选用的论据，它们往往与细节理解题的考查点相对应，同时还要留意论证的 方法；文章的最后一段是结论部分，要弄清作者最后得出了什么结论。在通读全文并了解文章的结构和内
容后再阅读试题，到文章中去找相对应的信息，比如事实、观点、作者真正的意图和结论等。
议论文结构特点
写法一：正方（甲方），反方（乙方），我认为
写法二：提出问题，分析问题，回答（解决）问题
写法三：论点，理由（证据），重申论点。
【命题预测】
从近三年命题的发展趋势来看， 预测 2024 年高考议论文阅读理解可能会出现且会继续考查考生快速而
准确地获取和理解文中具体细节信息的能力， 对文章信息的判断能力以及对文章的整体感知能力。
议论文的文体分析
议论文说理性强， 语言庄重， 逻辑缜密， 常用难词、长词和复杂句， 给我们的阅读理解带来一定难度。
议论文是运用逻辑推理和证明来阐述某一观点、看法和主张的文体。这类文章或从正面提出某种见解，
或驳斥别人的错误观点，以说服读者同意自己的观点为主要目的。
议论文一般有论点、论据和论证三个要素。论点是议论文的核心，即中心思想，是论据和论证的服务 对象。论据是作者所引用的用以支持和证明论点的材料，这些材料可以是名人名言、事实例证或统计数据
等。论证是作者组织、运用论据的手法。
议 论 文 文 章 类 型 演 绎 论 证 议 论 文 是从已知的一般原理， 规律出发， 推知个别事物本质的论证方法。该类文体一般 先提出一个总论点，然后分别进行论述，分析各个分论点，最后得出结论。
归 纳 论 证 议 论 文 是一种由个别到一般的论证方法。它通过许多个别的事例或分论点， 然后归纳出 它们所共有的特性，从而得出一个一般性的结论。
比 较 论 证 议 论 文 是一种由个别到个别的论证方法。通常分为类比法和对比法两类。类比法是将性 质或特点在某一方面相同或相近的不同事物加以比较而引出结论的方法。对比法 是通过性质或特点在某一方面相反或对立的不同事物的比较来证明论点的方法。
命题 要点 由于议论的目的是表明自己对事物的看法和态度， 因此， 命题时常考察其观点态度以及根据 文章内容归纳主旨大意等，有时也对文章的结构进行考察。
解 题 技 巧 1.演绎论证议论文：注意文章的开篇，因为文章的开篇是文章的主旨，抓住了主旨，也就抓 住了作者的观点，从而把握了文章的中心思想。 2.归纳论证议论文：注意文章的尾段，因为尾段是对前面所举事例和分论点的归纳和概括。 3.比较论证议论文：注意事物的相同点以及不同点，并由此来把握文章的主旨。
做题时可使用以下三个步骤：重首尾，明方式，细推测。
议论文长常考题型之一主旨大意题
[常见设问形式]
1 ．标题类常见的题干：①The best title/headline for this passage might be .②What is the best title
for the passage？③Which of the following would be suitable as a title for the passage
2．大意类常见的题干：①This passage chiefly deals with .②What's the topic of the article ③What
is the subject discussed in the text ④What is the main idea of the...paragraph/the passage
[正确选项特征]
1 ．涵盖性强，覆盖全文或全段。
2 ．确定的范围恰当，既不太大，也不太小。
3 ．精确性强，不会改变语言表达的程度及色彩。
[干扰选项特征]
1 ．过于笼统，不知所云
所给选项内容概括的范围过大，超出文章所述内容
2 ．以偏概全，主次不分
所给选项只阐述了文章的一部分内容，或以文章中的细节信息或个别词作为选项的设置内容，或以次
要的事实或细节充当全文的主要观点
3 ．移花接木，偷换概念
所给选项被命题者有意识地把本属于 A 的内容放在 B 上，若不留神，极易选错答案
4 ．无中生有，生搬硬套
所给选项的关键词虽然在文章中提到了，但经过仔细阅读分析之后，发现选项的内容与文章的内容毫
无联系
考点一 段落大意题
【2023 年全国乙卷 D 片段】If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one
part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while
most of the world, for most of the time, has not. Writing is one of humanity’s later achievements, and until fairly
recently even many literate (有文字的) societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things.
32. What is the first paragraph mainly about
A. How past events should be presented. B. What humanity is concerned about.
C. Whether facts speak louder than words. D. Why written language is reliable.
[思维可视化]
Step 1 圈定题干关键词： first paragraph mainly about
Step 2 定位信息源：根据文章第一段“If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not. Writing is one of humanity’s later achievements, and
until fairly recently even many literate ( 有文字 的) societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in
things”可推知，第一段主要讲述的是历史应该如何呈现给我们。
Step 3 得出答案： A
[技巧点拨]
方法 1：概括段落大意
要准确概括某段的大意，务必要知道该段的逻辑结构。如该段是按总分顺序组织，首句做总的说明， 其他句子对其进行具体论述，这种结构的主题句就在段首；如果按分总顺序组织，主题句就在段尾；如果 按分总分的顺序组织，则主题句就在这段话的中间；如果对比各事物，那么它们的共同点或不同点就是该
段大意。
方法 2：揣摩段落大意
有时，作者可能不直接写出主题句，而是通过各种方法暗示给读者，这就需要充分发挥读者的想象力
与判断力，揣摩段落大意。
（2023·山东 · 山东省实验中学校考二模） Danone Portugal introduced a new yogurt named Juntos. For every pack of yogurt that a person bought, he would donate yogurt to a family in need. Danone had done its research.
Increasingly, people say they want to buy from brands that give them a sense of purpose. Surely a yogurt that
helped the needy would be appealing. But Juntos was a failure. Despite sinking millions into a marketing campaign, Danone pulled Juntos from the market only months after it was launched. Now the same product is simply
marketed as a tasty yogurt.
What happened To find the reason behind Juntos’ failure, Lawrence Williams and his colleagues did an experiment where they showed people some products and asked these people to pick one option. They reminded some to focus on the “purposeful and valuable” aspect while others were told to “enjoy themselves” and focus on “delight and pleasure.” They found that participants who prioritized meaning preferred the less expensive product
when compared with people who put pleasure in the first place.
So why were meaning-seekers cheaping out Lawrence Williams asked participants to explain their decision-making to find out. He learned that meaning-oriented people were not thinking about how the product they might buy could bring meaning to their lives. Instead, they were occupied with what else they could do with their
money.
I am all for people making wise and strategic financial choices. But cheap products can create many problems. Inexpensive options often do not last as long as the higher-end ones. As a result, we shop more often, which is ultimately worse for our wallets. Plus, that spending pattern can do a greater damage to the environment. Thanks in part to fast fashion, people buy 60 percent more clothing today than they did 15 years ago. The fashion industry
alone emits more greenhouse gases than international flights and maritime (海洋的) shipping combined.
So before you dive into your wallet for some deals, try not to fix only on what you are spending or saving.
Think carefully about what you are buying, too.
56 ．What is the main reason for the failure of Juntos
A ．It ignored marketing strategies. B ．It priced itself relatively high.
C ．It lacked a particularly good taste. D ．It focused on delight and pleasure.
57 ．What can be inferred about meaning seekers
A ．They frequent high-end stores. B ．They think products extend their lives.
C ．They hesitate to make decisions. D ．They make more purchases with money.
58 ．How is Paragraph 4 mainly developed
A ．By giving some examples. B ．By listing numbers and data.
C ．By explaining reasons. D ．By making some comparisons.
59 ．Which is the most suitable title for the text
A ．Innovation: a Product’s Life B ．To Buy or not to Buy
C ．Meaning seekers or Quality-pursuers D ．Fast Fashion: a Hit to Your Wallet
【答案】56 ．B 57 ．D 58 ．C 59 ．C
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章就通过消费来做有意义的事情，到底应该买贵的还是廉价的产品进行讨
论。
56 ．细节理解题。根据第一段“Increasingly, people say they want to buy from brands that give them a sense of
purpose. Surely a yogurt that helped the needy would be appealing. But Juntos was a failure. (越来越多的人表示，
他们想从那些给他们目标感的品牌那里购买。当然，帮助穷人的酸奶会很有吸引力。但 Juntos 是个失败
者。 )”和第二段“What happened To find the reason behind Juntos’ failure, Lawrence Williams and his colleagues
did an experiment where they showed people some products and asked these people to pick one option. They
reminded some to focus on the “purposeful and valuable” aspect while others were told to “enjoy themselves” and
focus on “delight and pleasure.” They found that participants who prioritized meaning preferred the less expensive
product when compared with people who put pleasure in the first place. (发生了什么事 为了找出Juntos 失败的原
因， Lawrence Williams 和他的同事们做了一个实验，他们向人们展示了一些产品，并让这些人选择一种。
他们提醒一些人专注于“有目的和有价值” 的方面，而另一些人则被告知“享受自己” ，专注于“快乐和乐趣”。 他们发现， 与把快乐放在首位的人相比， 把意义放在首位的人更喜欢便宜的产品。)”可知， 越来越多的人想
从那些给他们目标感的品牌那里购买（即购买便宜的产品），Juntos 失败的主要原因是它的定价相对较高，
所以买的人少，最后失败了。故选 B。
57．推理判断题。根据第三段“So why were meaning-seekers cheaping out Lawrence Williams asked participants
to explain their decision-making to find out. He learned that meaning-oriented people were not thinking about how
the product they might buy could bring meaning to their lives. Instead, they were occupied with what else they
could do with their money. (那么，为什么寻求意义的人要买便宜的东西呢 为了找出答案，劳伦斯 ·威廉姆斯 要求参与者解释他们的决策。他了解到，以意义为导向的人不会考虑他们可能购买的产品如何给他们的生 活带来意义。相反， 他们专注于思考自己的钱能带来什么其他东西。)”可推测意义追求者专注于用钱买更多
的东西，故选 D。
58．推理判断题。根据第四段“I am all for people making wise and strategic financial choices. But cheap products
can create many problems. Inexpensive options often do not last as long as the higher-end ones. As a result, we
shop more often, which is ultimately worse for our wallets. Plus, that spending pattern can do a greater damage to
the environment. (我完全支持人们做出明智和战略性的财务选择。但是廉价的产品会产生很多问题。便宜的
选择通常不会像高端的选择持续那么久。结果，我们更频繁地购物，这最终对我们的钱包更不利。此外，
这种消费模式会对环境造成更大的破坏。)”可推断作者通过解释买廉价的产品会产生很多问题的原因来发展
第四段，故选 C。
59．主旨大意题。通读全文， 根据第四段“I am all for people making wise and strategic financial choices. But cheap
products can create many problems. Inexpensive options often do not last as long as the higher-end ones. As a
result, we shop more often, which is ultimately worse for our wallets. Plus, that spending pattern can do a greater
damage to the environment. (我完全支持人们做出明智和战略性的财务选择。但是廉价的产品会产生很多问题。
便宜的选择通常不会像高端的选择持续那么久。结果，我们更频繁地购物，这最终对我们的钱包更不利。
此外，这种消费模式会对环境造成更大的破坏。 )”和最后一段“So before you dive into your wallet for some
deals, try not to fix only on what you are spending or saving. Think carefully about what you are buying, too. (所以， 在你为一些交易掏腰包之前， 尽量不要只关注你花了多少钱或存了多少钱。也要仔细考虑你要买的东西。)” 可知文章主要是对通过消费来做有意义的事情，到底应该买贵的还是廉价的产品进行讨论， C 选项“意义追
求者还是品质追求者”符合文章主旨，故选 C。
考点二 文章大意题
3 个做法 4 个窍门，快速确定文章大意
一、文章是由段落组成的。段落的主题就是段落的中心思想，具体段落的中心思想又是为文章整体中
心思想服务的。理解整篇文章的中心思想的方法是建立在理解具体段落中心思想的基础上的。具体做法是：
1 ．找出每小段的主题句， 各段的主题句常在该段的首句或尾句， 各段主题句的整体归纳便是文章的中
心思想。
2 ．文章无明显主题句，主题句隐含在段意之中，这就需要分步提炼，然后再进一步加工概括。
3 ．观察全文的结构安排，区别文章的“核心”和“支撑性细节”。核心是概括性的、理论性的；支撑性细
节是碎片化的、事例性的。事例是为理论性的“核心”服务的， “核心” 即是文章的主题。
二、用浏览法(skimming)，即快速阅读文首、文尾， 或每段的首句和尾句等， 搜索主题线索和主题信息
的方法可以快速找到主题句。以下是找主题句的四个小窍门：
1 ．段落中出现表示转折的词语(如 however ，but ，in fact ，actually 等)时，该句很可能是主题句。
2 ．首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的回答很可能就是文章主旨。
3 ．作者有意识重复的观点，通常是主旨；反复出现的词语， 一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。
4 ．表示总结或结论的句子常包含 therefore ，thus ，in short ，conclude ，conclusion 等。
（2023·广 东 · 校 联 考 模 拟 预 测 ）When we are born, we are perfect. As we grow, we develop many complexities due to many influences in our lives. Our brain collects and saves all kinds of information from the moment we are born. Apart from our brain having memory, cells in our body have their own memory, meaning that our body stores memories, both physiological and psychological. We are complex emotional beings in nature
compared with any other living things.
Apparently, physical and psychological memories strongly influence our emotions! Interestingly, we can create, store, and release emotions like energy. Moreover, if we do not process our negative emotions properly and suppress (压制) them for a long time, they can find a way out violently and unexpectedly. Unfortunately, we carry
our guilt throughout our lives putting the ever-increasing burden on our shoulders.
Both guilt and anger are useless for us. Therefore, one may ask: is there a way to put down the burden from our shoulders It is possible, indeed. Importantly, since our guilt and anger inside us are neither released nor given attention, they are stored. Actually, we should take action to address our negative emotions in order to remove them
from our system. We cannot just wish them away.
In fact, by acknowledging their presence and providing a channel for them, we can dissolve our emotions gradually. Is there a better way to unload our burden Luckily, we have a natural gift for processing our feelings
and emotions-forgiveness.
Indeed, forgiving ourselves is a great way to dissolve negative emotions. Of course, we should also learn to
readily forgive others, and when we learn to forgive ourselves, we also naturally forgive others.
In summary, it is no good carrying our years of emotional baggage. By forgiving, we can throw away the
emotional baggage we carry for years. Forgive your past mistakes. The moment you start forgiving, you will feel
relieved and years of heaviness will lift magically!
32 ．What’s the main idea of this passage
A ．Learning to forgive helps people unload their psychological burden
B ．Forgiving is the best way for people to dissolve negative emotions
C ．Forgiving ourselves is the first step of forgiving others
D ．Being energetic and optimistic leads to a happier life
【答案】A
32．主旨大意题。根据最后一段中“In summary, it is no good carrying our years of emotional baggage. By forgiving, we can throw away the emotional baggage we carry for years. (总之，带着我们多年的情感包袱是没有用的。通 过宽恕， 我们可以扔掉多年来背负的情感包袱。)”可知， 本文主要讲述了要学会原谅会帮助我们释放情绪所 带来的负担。故 A 选项“Learning to forgive helps people unload their psychological burden(学会原谅可以帮助人
们卸下心理负担)”概括文章大意。故选 A。
（2023·重庆 · 重庆巴蜀中学校考模拟预测）“I know when to go out, and when to stay in.”,English rock star David Bowie once confidently sang in his hit single. When it comes to consuming food, the decisiveness claimed by the singer-songwriter is hard to achieve. I disagree with the statement and argue it’s better to eat out than to
order home delivery.
To begin with, when setting foot in a restaurant, we’re immediately greeted not only by a server ready to seat us, but by a flood of physical feelings—the eyes take in the internal decoration of the place, the nose breathes in the pleasant smell of expertly plated food and the ears pick up on competing sounds of customer chatter and attractive in-store music. To eat out is to experience an atmosphere unique to each restaurant. Something as special as that simply can’t be reproduced by ordering home delivery. Eating out is, without doubt, the more exciting and thus
better choice.
Eating out becomes even more appealing when staying home proves too painful. Whether it is because we need a temporary fight from our family or that we simply want to spend some quality time outside with loved ones,
going out for a meal can be a break from the hard labour of domestic living.
We could take it as an opportunity for self-care—to treat ourselves by dressing up, arriving in style at a fancy restaurant and ordering a slightly more luxurious meal to refresh our weary soul. Ordering home delivery would only contribute to feelings of being penned in while; eating out is an escape for the trapped individual. Food
delivery app users reason it’s a trouble and less convenient to dress up and eat out.
However, it’s worth noting we may not always get our food in the most satisfactory condition when opting for home delivery. There’s a risk of receiving food orders with missing items or even entirely wrong orders that can’t be sent back. What we sacrifice for convenience might just wind up being inconvenient. Consequently, it makes
more sense to eat out rather than risk disappointment by ordering home delivery.
52 ．What does the author mainly talk about
A ．Dining options. B ．Cuisine culture.
C ．Consumption level. D ．Food categories.
53 ．What advantage of eating out is highlighted in paragraph 2
A ．Quality service. B ．Comfort and convenience.
C ．Sensory enjoyment. D ．A reasonable mix of nutrition.
54 ．What does the author think of ordering home delivery
A ．It’s quite pricey. B ．It may let consumers down.
C ．It may cause food waste. D ．It’s not environmental-friendly.
55 ．How is the text developed
A ．By providing examples. B ．By following space order.
C ．By making comparisons. D ．By analyzing mental processes.
【答案】52 ．A 53 ．C 54 ．B 55 ．C
【导语】这是一篇议论文。作者将“在外面吃饭”和“ 点外卖送到家”两种就餐方式进行了比较，告诉读者“在
外面吃饭”是更好的选择。
52 ．推理判断题。根据第一段关键句“I disagree with the statement and argue it’s better to eat out than to order
home delivery.” （我不同意这种说法，并认为在外面吃饭比点外卖送到家要好。）和最后一段关键句
“Consequently, it makes more sense to eat out rather than risk disappointment by ordering home delivery.”（因此， 在外就餐更有意义， 而不是冒着失望的风险点外卖送到家。）可知， 作者在文章中把“在外面吃饭”和“点外卖 送到家”两种就餐方式进行了比较， 认为在外就餐更有意义。由此可知， 作者主要谈论了用餐选择问题。故
选 A 项。
53．推理判断题。根据第二段关键句“To begin with, when setting foot in a restaurant, we’re immediately greeted not only by a server ready to seat us, but by a flood of physical feelings—the eyes take in the internal decoration of the place, the nose breathes in the pleasant smell of expertly plated food and the ears pick up on competing sounds of customer chatter and attractive in-store music.” （首先，当我们走进一家餐厅时，迎接我们的不仅是一位准 备让我们就座的服务员，还有一种洪流般的身体感觉—— 眼睛注视着餐厅的内部装饰，鼻子呼吸着精心烹 制的食物的怡人气味， 耳朵听到顾客相互竞争的聊天声和吸引人的店内音乐。）可知， 第二段强调了外出就 餐可以让眼睛、鼻子和耳朵等感官都获得享受。由此可知，第二段强调了外出就餐的好处是可以获得感官
上的享受。故选 C 项。
54．推理判断题。根据最后一段关键句“There’s a risk of receiving food orders with missing items or even entirely
wrong orders that can’t be sent back. What we sacrifice for convenience might just wind up being inconvenient.
Consequently, it makes more sense to eat out rather than risk disappointment by ordering home delivery.” （收到的 食品订单有丢失的风险，甚至是无法退回的完全错误的订单。我们为了方便而牺牲的东西最终可能会变得 不方便。因此， 在外就餐更有意义， 而不是冒着失望的风险点外卖送到家。）可知， 作者认为点外卖面临着 订单丢失或订单错误的风险，这会让我们感到失望。由此可知，作者认为点外卖送到家可能会让消费者失
望。故选 B 项。
55 ．推理判断题。根据第二段关键句“To eat out is to experience an atmosphere unique to each restaurant.
Something as special as that simply can’t be reproduced by ordering home delivery.” （外出就餐是为了体验每一
家餐厅特有的氛围。像这样特别的东西根本无法通过点外卖送到家来复制。）和第三段关键句“Eating out
becomes even more appealing when staying home proves too painful.” （当待在家里太痛苦时，外出就餐变得更 有吸引力。）可知， 作者将“在外面吃饭”和“点外卖送到家”两种就餐方式进行了比较， 告诉读者“在外面吃饭”
的好处。由此可知，文章是通过比较发展起来的。故选 C 项。
考点三 标题归纳题
理解标题的三大特点，巧用三大方法确定文章标题。
一个好的标题应具备三大特点：
1 ．概括——准确而又简短；
2 ．针对性——标题外延正好与文章内容相符；
3 ．醒目—— 能引发读者的阅读欲望。
因此有必要掌握以下三大方法：
1 ．正面肯定法：在理解文章主旨的基础上，揣摩哪个选项能准确概括主旨；
2 ．反面否定法：撇开原文，拿各个备选项去设想用它们写出来的“文章”将是什么内容，然后和原文章
对照， 一一排除不符选项；
3 ．研读备选项本身：研读备选项里面的中心词、修饰词的变化、结构、概括性等。
【2022 年北京卷】Quantum ( 量子 ) computers have been on my mind a lot lately. A friend has been sending me articles on how quantum computers might help solve some of the biggest challenges we face as humans. I’ve also had exchanges with two quantum-computing experts. One is computer scientist Chris Johnson who I see as someone
who helps keep the field honest. The other is physicist Philip Taylor.
For decades, quantum computing has been little more than a laboratory curiosity. Now, big tech companies have
invested in quantum computing, as have many smaller ones. According to Business Weekly, quantum machines could help us “cure cancer, and even take steps to turn climate change in the opposite direction.” This is the sort of hype ( 炒作 ) that annoys Johnson. He worries that researchers are making promises they can’t keep. “What’s new,”
Johnson wrote, “is that millions of dollars are now potentially available to quantum computing researchers.”
As quantum computing attracts more attention and funding, researchers may mislead investors, journalists, the public and, worst of all, themselves about their work’s potential. If researchers can’t keep their promises, excitement might give way to doubt, disappointment and anger, Johnson warns. Lots of other technologies have gone through stages of excitement. But something about quantum computing makes it especially prone to hype, Johnson suggests, perhaps because “‘quantum’ stands for something cool you shouldn’t be able to understand.” And that brings me back
to Taylor, who suggested that I read his book Q for Quantum.
After I read the book, Taylor patiently answered my questions about it. He also answered my questions about PyQuantum, the firm he co-founded in 2016. Taylor shares Johnson’s concerns about hype, but he says those
concerns do not apply to PyQuantum.
The company, he says, is closer than any other firm “by a very large margin ( 幅度 )” to building a “useful” quantum computer, one that “solves an impactful problem that we would not have been able to solve otherwise.” He adds, “People will naturally discount my opinions, but I have spent a lot of time quantitatively comparing what we are
doing with others.”
Could PyQuantum really be leading all the competition “by a wide margin”, as Taylor claims I don’t know. I’m certainly not going to advise my friend or anyone else to invest in quantum computers. But I trust Taylor, just as I
trust Johnson.
34. Which would be the best title for the passage
A. Is Johnson More Competent Than Taylor
B. Is Quantum Computing Redefining Technology
C. Will Quantum Computers Ever Come into Being
D. Will Quantum Computing Ever Live Up to Its Hype
【答案】 34. D
34.【解析】 主旨大意题。根据第二自然段“Now, big tech companies have invested in quantum computing, as have many smaller ones. According to Business Weekly, quantum machines could help us “cure cancer, and even
take steps to turn climate change in the opposite direction. This is the sort of hype ( 炒作 ) that annoys Johnson.” (
现在，大型科技公司和许多小型公司都在量子计算领域进行了投资。据《商业周刊》报道，量子机器可以 帮助我们“治愈癌症， 甚至采取措施将气候变化转向相反的方向。这种炒作让约翰逊感到恼火。 ”）”以及 最后一段“Could PyQuantum really be leading all the competition “by a wide margin”, as Taylor claims I don’t know. I’m certainly not going to advise my friend or anyone else to invest in quantum computers.（PyQuantum 真的 能像泰勒所说的那样“ 以巨大的优势 ”领先所有竞争对手吗？我不知道。我当然不会建议我的朋友或其他 人投资量子计算机。但我信任泰勒， 就像我信任约翰逊一样。） ”可知， 本文主要论述了“量子计算真的会 像它的宣传那样成功吗？ ”，计算机科学家克里斯·约翰逊和物理学家菲利普·泰勒分别阐明了自己的观点。
所以短文的最佳标题为“量子计算真的会像它的宣传那样成功吗？ ”。故选 D。
（2023·福建泉州 · 泉州五中校考一模）Technology seems to discourage slow reading. Reading on screens tires eyes easily. So online writing is more skimmable than print. The neuroscientist Mary Walt argued this “new norm” of skim reading is producing “an invisible, dramatic transformation” in how readers process words. And brains now favor rapid absorption of information, rather than skills developed by deeper reading, like critical
analysis.
We shouldn’t overplay this danger. All readers skim. Skimming is the skill we acquire as we learn to read more skillfully. And fears about declining attention spans have proved to be false alarms. “Some critics worry about attention span and see very short stories as signs of cultural decline, ” The American author Selvin wrote.
“But nobody ever said poems were evidence of short attention spans. ”
Yet the Internet has certainly changed the way we read. First, it means there’s more to read, because more people than ever are writing. And digital writing means rapid release and response. Once published, online articles start forming a comment string underneath. Such mode of writing and reading can be interactive and fun, but is
probably lacking in profound reflection.
Perhaps we should slow down. Reading is constantly promoted as a source of personal achievement. But this advocacy emphasizes “enthusiastic” or “eager” reading — neither suggest slow absorption. To a slow reader, a piece of writing can only be fully understood by immersing oneself in their slow comprehension of words. The slow reader is like a swimmer who stops counting the number of pool laps he’s done and just enjoys how his body
feels and moves in water.
The human need for this kind of deep reading is too determined for any new technology to destroy. We often
assume technological change can’t be stopped, so older media are kicked out by newer, more virtual forms. In practice, older technologies can coexist with new ones. The Kindle hasn’t killed off printed books any more than cars killed off bicycles. We still want to enjoy slowly-formed ideas and carefully-chosen words. Even in a
fast-moving age, there is time for slow reading.
1 ．What is the author’s attitude towards Selvin’s opinion
A ．Favorable. B ．Critical. C ．Doubtful. D ．Objective.
2 ．Which statement would the author probably agree with
A ．Advocacy of passionate reading helps promote slow reading.
B ．Digital writing and reading tends to ignore careful reflection.
C ．We should be aware of the impact skimming has on the brain.
D ．The number of Internet readers declines due to technology.
3 ．Why is “swimmer” mentioned in paragraph 4
A ．To demonstrate how to immerse oneself in thought.
B ．To stress swimming differs from reading.
C ．To show slow reading is better than fast reading.
D ．To illustrate what slow reading is like.
4 ．Which would be the best title for the passage
A ．Slow Reading is Here to Stay
B ．Technology Prevents Slow Reading
C ．Reflections on Deep Reading
D ．The Wonder of Deep Reading
【答案】 1 ．A 2 ．B 3 ．D 4 ．A
【导语】这是一篇议论文。作者从各角度就科技对阅读的影响阐述了自己的观点并推崇慢速阅读。
1 ．推理判断题。由文章第二段“We shouldn’t overplay this danger. All readers skim. Skimming is the skill we
acquire as we learn to read more skillfully. And fears about declining attention spans have proved to be false
alarms. ‘Some critics worry about attention span and see very short stories as signs of cultural decline,’ The
American author Selvin wrote. ‘But nobody ever said poems were evidence of short attention spans. ’(我们不应该 夸大这种危险。所有读者都会略读。略读是我们在学习更熟练地阅读时获得的技能。事实证明，对注意力
持续时间下降的担忧是虚惊一场。美国作家 Selvin 写道， ‘一些评论家担心注意力持续时间，认为短篇小说
是文化衰落的标志，但从来没有人说诗歌是注意力持续时间短的证据’。)”可知，作者是赞成 Selvin 的观点， 诗歌就是注意力持续时间短但文化丰富的深度阅读，所以对阅读注意力持续时间下降的担忧是没有必要的。
故选 A 项。
2 ．推理判断题。由文章第三段“Once published, online articles start forming a comment string underneath. Such mode of writing and reading can be interactive and fun, but is probably lacking in profound reflection.(一旦发表， 在线文章就开始在下面形成一个评论字符串。这种写作和阅读模式可以是互动和有趣的，但可能缺乏深刻
的反思。 )”可知，作者认为在线写作和阅读往往忽视仔细思考。故选 B 项。
3 ．推理判断题。由文章第四段“To a slow reader, a piece of writing can only be fully understood by immersing oneself in their slow comprehension of words. The slow reader is like a swimmer who stops counting the number of pool laps he's done and just enjoys how his body feels and moves in water.(对于一个慢读者来说，只有沉浸在他 们对单词的缓慢理解中，才能完全理解一篇文章。阅读速度慢的人就像一个游泳运动员，他不再计算自己 在游泳池里跑了多少圈， 只是享受自己的身体在水中的感觉和运动。)”可知， 一个游泳运动员不再计算自己 在游泳池里跑了多少圈，只是享受自己的身体在水中的感觉和运动，作者提到游泳运动员是为了说明慢速
阅读是什么样的。故选 D 项。
4．主旨大意题。由文章最后一In practice, older technologies can coexist with new ones. The Kindle hasn't killed
off printed books any more than cars killed off bicycles. We still want to enjoy slowly-formed ideas and
carefully-chosen words. Even in a fast-moving age, there is time for slow reading.(在实践中，旧技术可以与新技 术共存。 Kindle 并没有像汽车杀死自行车一样杀死印刷书籍。我们仍然想享受慢慢形成的想法和精心挑选 的词语。即使在一个快速发展的时代， 也有时间慢慢阅读。)”以及上文可知， 作者就科技对阅读的影响阐述
自己的观点并认为在快速发展的时代中，我们仍然可以享受慢速阅读。所以 A 项 Slow Reading is Here to
Stay(慢读还是存在的)符文文意。故选 A 项。
(
过关检测
)
（2023·湖南郴州 · 校联考模拟预测）It’s unlikely that you come home from a trip and stand on top of your bed still wearing your street shoes. For some travellers, putting their suitcase on their bed is just as disgusting (令人 反感的). The wheels of our luggage paced the same soiled path as our shoes, rolling through airport bathrooms,
sidewalks and public transportation.
While it might sound terrible to put a worldly bag on your bed, is it actually harmful to your health According to Phyllis Kozarsky, an expert travel health consultant, most public health professionals don’t consider
luggage a major transmitter (传播者) of disease.
“We have not identified outbreaks related to dirty luggage,” Kozarsky says. Travellers may benefit from cleaning their luggage if they suspect that their hotel rooms are overrun with bedbugs. “Then they certainly would
benefit by cleaning it after they returned home,” Kozarsky says.
Even if your luggage touching your bed won’t hurt you, you might still be disgusted. After all, travel is an experience full of bacteria. “You have people... carrying all types of different bacteria. Some of them are sick, and you now have them populating these public travel places,” says Colleen Costello, CEO of Vital Vio, a company that makes antibacterial LED lights. Your fellow travellers have to touch all the same things you have to touch,
from the TSA checkpoint to the airplane, the train ticketing machine to the handrail in your train car.
For peace of mind, Costello recommends giving your bag a quick disinfection or storing it on a luggage shelf. Of course, you could go beyond disinfecting your luggage wheels and clean thoroughly the rest of your travel
experience — the airplane tray table, hotel room door and remote control.
But Kozarsky doesn’t guarantee that lifestyle. “It’s hard to keep up with every doorhandle, every railing,”
Kozarsky says. “You can become a little neurotic (神经质的) that way.”
5 ．What’s the function of the first paragraph
A ．To predict the conclusion. B ．To present the argument.
C ．To introduce the topic. D ．To describe the phenomenon.
6 ．What does Kozarsky convey by explaining the luggage-cleaning case
A ．Luggage touching your bed won’t hurt you. B ．Luggage spreads disease through your bed.
C ．It’s a must to clean your luggage after travelling. D ．Travellers should be careful of on-way dangers.
7 ．How does Costello support his opinion
A ．By giving examples. B ．By stating facts.
C ．By making comparisons. D ．By listing figures.
8 ．What does Kozarsky think of Costello’s suggestion
A ．It has gone too far. B ．It’s absolutely worthless.
C ．It sounds somewhat reasonable. D ．It’s worth taking into consideration.
【答案】5 ．C 6 ．A 7 ．B 8 ．A
【导语】这是一篇议论文。跟随主人闯荡多年的行李箱放在床上是否对人体有害？专家对此观点不一。
5．推理判断题。根据第一段“It’s unlikely that you come home from a trip and stand on top of your bed still wearing
your street shoes. For some travellers, putting their suitcase on their bed is just as disgusting (令人反感的). The
wheels of our luggage paced the same soiled path as our shoes, rolling through airport bathrooms, sidewalks and
public transportation.(你不太可能从旅行回到家， 还穿着你的街头鞋站在床上。对一些旅行者来说， 把行李箱 放在床上同样令人恶心。我们的行李轮子和我们的鞋子一样，在机场的浴室、人行道和公共交通工具上滚
动着)”以及第二段“While it might sound terrible to put a worldly bag on your bed, is it actually harmful to your
health (虽然把一个世俗的袋子放在床上听起来很可怕，但它真的对你的健康有害吗？ )”可推知，第一段的
作用是引入文章话题。故选 C。
6 ．细节理解题。根据第三段“We have not identified outbreaks related to dirty luggage(我们还没有发现与脏行
李有关的疫情)”以及第四段“Even if your luggage touching your bed won’t hurt you, you might still be
disgusted.(即使你的行李碰在床上不会伤害到你，你也可能会感到恶心)”可知，科扎斯基通过解释行李清洁
案例传达行李碰你的床不会伤害你。故选 A。
7．推理判断题。根据第四段““You have people... carrying all types of different bacteria. Some of them are sick, and
you now have them populating these public travel places,” says Colleen Costello, CEO of Vital Vio, a company
that makes antibacterial LED lights.(“有人……携带各种不同的细菌。他们中的一些人生病了，现在他们在这 些公共旅行场所聚集， ”生产抗菌 LED 灯的 Vital Vio 公司的首席执行官科琳 ·科斯特洛说)”可推知，科斯特
洛通过陈述事实支持他的观点。故选 B。
8 ．推理判断题。根据最后一段“But Kozarsky doesn’t guarantee that lifestyle. “It’s hard to keep up with every
doorhandle, every railing,” Kozarsky says. “You can become a little neurotic (神经质的) that way.”(但科扎斯基并
不能保证这种生活方式。科扎尔斯基说： “很难跟上每一个门把手、每一条栏杆。那样你会变得有点神经
质。 ”)”可推知，科扎斯基认为科斯特洛的建议有点太过分了。故选 A。
（2022·内蒙古包头 · 包头市第四中学校考模拟预测）Common phrases like “no pains, no gains” give the impression that we ought to be suffering while we study. It’s almost as though the only way to know if we’re
putting in enough work is the sense of hardship we bear.
When we haven’t taken the time to come up with another strategy, all we know how to do is shut ourselves in a room with a book. It’s no surprise that we find revision boring and difficult. Just as children learn from playing,
we can learn from doing, or at least from study techniques that engage us, rather than make us switch off.
Shutting yourself away can make you learn to hate studying. This leads to a situation where instead of being
able to concentrate on your work, you obsess about (唠叨)how unfair it is that you must study. When you feel bitter about your work it’s very difficult to make yourself start, or approach it with enthusiasm. This can be part of a vicious cycle (恶性循环) that traps you into ineffective revision, your poor progress fuelling further bitterness. Just being around other people really helps fight against feelings of loneliness and, thankfully, it’s perfectly possible to
work in the company of other people. We just need to learn how to deal with distractions.
It’s not necessary to avoid all company, just idle (懒散的) company. Studying in the same room with someone who is ironing or working out is perfectly possible. People who are bored and looking to be distracted, however, are terrible to work around. They constantly try to keep others in conversation. It’s also a good idea to avoid the company of people engaged in activities that you would rather be doing than studying. Working while sitting next
to someone playing video games is much more likely to end with a new high score than a productive few hours of
revision. If being around others means working in a noisy environment, a pair of headphones and some background music can block out noises. They also act as a psychological barrier, so that people think twice before interrupting
you.
When you’re studying for a big exam, it seems like your whole life is taken up with study. Being in the same room with friends and family can lessen feelings of isolation (孤立). Also connecting with other people makes us
happy, so it’s important not to give that up and to make sure that we take the time to socialize.
9 ．What is the author’s attitude to the saying “no pains, no gains”
A ．Serious. B ．Positive C ．Negative D ．Uncaring.
10 ．What should you do if you are studying in a noisy environment
A ．Give indication of not wanting to be interrupted.
B ．Give up others’ company at once.
C ．Think twice before taking any action.
D ．Force yourself to be accustomed to the environment.
11 ．What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about
A ．Ways to deal with distractions.
B ．How to choose a perfect place to study.
C ．Learning problems students are faced with.
D ．How to focus mind on study.
12 ．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text
A ．To encourage students to work hard.
B ．To introduce effective learning strategies
C ．To remind students to balance study and play.
D ．To advise students study in the company of others.
【答案】9 ．C 10 ．A 11 ．A 12 ．B
【导语】本文为一篇议论文。作者不认同“一分耕耘， 一分收获”这样的格言警句， 因为它们会让人觉得学习 的过程就是一个受苦的过程，我们不必把自己关在房间里看书，而学习的环境中有其他人的时候，为了避
免学习中无法集中精力而导致恶行循环，作者提供了几个有效的学习策略。
9 ．推理判断题。根据第一段“Common phrases like ‘no pains, no gains’ give the impression that we ought to be
suffering while we study. It’s almost as though the only way to know if we’re putting in enough work is the sense
of hardship we bear. (像‘一分耕耘， 一分收获’这样的常用语给人的印象是，我们学习时应该受苦。似乎唯一 能知道我们是否付出了足够努力的方法就是我们所承受的艰辛感。 )”可推知，作者可能认为“一分耕耘， 一 分收获”这类警句格言给人感觉：学习是件苦差事，这种格言对学习来说不是一个好的励志短语，故作者对
这句谚语持否定态度。故选 C 项。
10．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段最后两句“If being around others means working in a noisy environment, a pair
of headphones and some background music can block out noises. They also act as a psychological barrier, so that
people think twice before interrupting you. (如果和其他人在一起意味着在嘈杂的环境中工作， 一副耳机和一些 背景音乐可以屏蔽噪音。它们还会起到心理障碍的作用， 让人们在打断你之前三思而后行。)”可知， 如果你
在一个嘈杂的环境中学习， 可以戴上耳机或播放背景音乐， 给人以暗示， 表示自己不想被打扰。故选 A 项。
11 ．主旨大意题。根据第三段最后两句“Just being around other people really helps fight against feelings of
loneliness and, thankfully, it’s perfectly possible to work in the company of other people. We just need to learn how to deal with distractions. (和其他人在一起真的有助于对抗孤独感，谢天谢地，在别人的陪伴下工作是完全可 能的。我们只需要学会如何处理分心。)”可知， 下一段要讲述如何处理分心， 第四段“It’s not necessary to avoid all company, just idle (懒散的) company. Studying in the same room with someone who is ironing or working out is perfectly possible. People who are bored and looking to be distracted, however, are terrible to work around. They
constantly try to keep others in conversation. It’s also a good idea to avoid the company of people engaged in
activities that you would rather be doing than studying. Working while sitting next to someone playing video games
is much more likely to end with a new high score than a productive few hours of revision. If being around others
means working in a noisy environment, a pair of headphones and some background music can block out noises.
They also act as a psychological barrier, so that people think twice before interrupting you. (没有必要避开所有的 人，只需要避开闲人。和正在熨衣服或健身的人在同一个房间学习是完全可能的。然而，那些无聊的、想 要分心的人是很难相处的。他们总是试图让别人保持谈话。避免和那些从事你更喜欢做的事情而不是学习 的人在一起也是一个好主意。与几个小时的复习相比，坐在玩电子游戏的人旁边工作更有可能获得一个新 的高分。如果和其他人在一起意味着在嘈杂的环境中工作， 一副耳机和一些背景音乐可以屏蔽噪音。它们 还会起到心理障碍的作用，让人们在打断你之前三思而后行。)”可知，第四段介绍了几个避免分心的方法，
故选 A 项。
12．推理判断题。通读全文， 尤其是第二段“When we haven’t taken the time to come up with another strategy, all
we know how to do is shut ourselves in a room with a book. It’s no surprise that we find revision boring and
difficult. Just as children learn from playing, we can learn from doing, or at least from study techniques that engage us, rather than make us switch off. (当我们没有时间想出另一个策略时，我们所知道的就是把自己关在房间里 看书。我们发现复习既无聊又困难，这并不奇怪。就像孩子们从玩耍中学习一样，我们也可以从实践中学 习，或者至少从让我们投入其中的学习技巧中学习， 而不是让我们远离学习。)”，“This can be part of a vicious
cycle (恶性循环) that traps you into ineffective revision, your poor progress fuelling further bitterness. Just being
around other people really helps fight against feelings of loneliness and, thankfully, it’s perfectly possible to work
in the company of other people. We just need to learn how to deal with distractions. (这可能是一个恶性循环的一 部分，它会让你陷入无效的复习中，你的不进步会让你更加痛苦。和其他人在一起真的有助于对抗孤独感， 谢天谢地， 在别人的陪伴下工作是完全可能的。我们只需要学会如何处理分心)”可知， 作者认为没有必要把 自己一个人关在屋里看书，并介绍了在与其他人共处一个空间时，还依旧能专心读书的几个学习策略。故
选 B 项。
（2023·山西 · 校联考模拟预测） What do you want from life Perhaps you want to spend more time with your family, or get a more secure job, or improve your health. But why do you want those things Chances are that your
answer will come down to one thing: Happiness.
Yet there is some evidence that too much pursuit of happiness is associated with a greater risk of depression. Modern conceptions of happiness are primarily practical, focusing on what we might call the techniques of
happiness. The concern is not what happiness is, but instead on how to get it.
But maximizing pleasure isn’t the only option. Every human life, even the most fortunate, is filled with pain. Painful loss, painful disappointments, the physical pain of injury or sickness, and the mental pain of long-suffering
boredom, loneliness, or sadness. Pain is an unavoidable consequence of being alive. All the good things in life
involve suffering. Writing a novel, running a marathon, or giving birth all cause suffering in pursuit of the final,
joyous result.
There are other factors as well. In the eyes of Aristotle, we get happiness by exercising our uniquely human capabilities to think and reason. But thinking and reasoning are as much social activities as they are individual. Happiness requires others; it is not an emotional state so much as it is the excellence of the relations we cultivate
with other people.
But even that cannot guarantee happiness. Aristotle recognised that our happiness is hostage（人质）to fortune. Events beyond any individual’s control—war, poverty, and global pandemics—will often make happiness impossible. Happiness is not a mental state that can be permanently won, but instead it’s a practice which we hone
（磨练） , imperfectly, in circumstances only partly of our making.
Recognizing this will not secure a good life, but it will avoid the illusory （虚幻 的 ）hope of permanent contentment. No life worth living should meet the only standard. Instead, aim with Aristotle to embrace those faults
and to flower in spite of them.
13 ．Where can you find negative effects of focusing too much on “happiness”
A ．In paragraph 2. B ．In paragraph 3.
C ．In paragraph 4. D ．In paragraph 5.
14 ．How does the author prove that pain is an unavoidable result of being alive
A ．By making comparisons. B ．By analyzing causes.
C ．By giving examples. D ．By telling stories.
15 ．What is Aristotle’s view on happiness
A ．Happiness is a stable emotional state.
B ．Good personal relationships lead to happiness.
C ．Taking part in social activities guarantees happiness.
D ．Happiness promotes independent thinking and reasoning.
16 ．What is the text mainly about
A ．Happiness is what humans pursue forever.
B ．Happiness lies in the process of pursuing it.
C ．Our pursuit of happiness may be imperfect.
D ．Depression and happiness are equally important.
【答案】 13 ．A 14 ．C 15 ．B 16 ．C
【导语】本篇是议论文。本文对于幸福的追求究竟是什么进行了阐述。得出的结论是：人们对于幸福的追
求并不是完美的。
13 ．细节理解题。根据第二段“Yet there is some evidence that too much pursuit of happiness is associated with a greater risk of depression.(然而， 有证据表明， 过度追求幸福与更大的抑郁风险有关)”可知， 在第 2 段可以找
到过于关注“幸福” 的负面影响。故选 A 项。
14 ．推理判断题。根据第三段“But maximizing pleasure isn’t the only option. Every human life, even the most fortunate, is filled with pain. Painful loss, painful disappointments, the physical pain of injury or sickness, and the
mental pain of long-suffering boredom, loneliness, or sadness. Pain is an unavoidable consequence of being
alive. All the good things in life involve suffering. Writing a novel, running a marathon, or giving birth all cause
suffering in pursuit of the final, joyous result.(但是最大化快乐并不是唯一的选择。每个人的生活， 即使是最幸 运的人，也充满了痛苦。痛苦的损失，痛苦的失望，身体上受伤或生病的痛苦，以及长期忍受无聊、孤独 或悲伤的精神痛苦。痛苦是活着不可避免的结果。生活中所有美好的事物都伴随着苦难。写小说、跑马拉 松或生孩子， 都是为了追求最终的快乐结果而痛苦的)”可知， 作者通过举例来证明痛苦是活着不可避免的结
果。故选 C 项。
15 ．细节理解题。根据第四段中“In the eyes of Aristotle, we get happiness by exercising our uniquely human
capabilities to think and reason. But thinking and reasoning are as much social activities as they are
individual. Happiness requires others; it is not an emotional state so much as it is the excellence of the relations
we cultivate with other people.(在亚里士多德看来， 我们通过行使人类独特的思考和推理能力来获得幸福。但 思考和推理既是个体活动，也是社会活动。幸福需要别人;与其说它是一种情感状态，不如说是我们与他人
培养的良好关系)”可知，在亚理士多德看来“幸福并不是个体的情感状态，需要我们与他人培养良好的关
系” 。故选 B 项。
16 ．主旨大意题。纵观全文可知，文章第一段通过设问的方式引出话题；第二段指出，现如今人们过分追 求幸福而产生的负面影响；第三至六段表明，过分追求幸福、将幸福最大化并不会带来真正的快乐。因此，
人们对于幸福的追求并不是完美的。故选 C。
（2023·四川 · 校联考模拟预测）Nearly 10,000 protesters came out in support of the Black Lives Matter rally in London. Londoners filled Victoria Park in support of the Black Lives Matter movement against the systemic
racism and police brutality (暴行) happening in the United States and Canada.
The Black Lives Matter movement has seen thousands of people across Canada, the United States and the
world join together following the death of George Floyd, a black man died in police custody after a white police officer was filmed kneeling on his neck. Floyd’s death in Minneapolis was only the latest in a number of cases of
Black men dying while in police custody.
“Racism happens here, it happens to me, it happens to my son, it happens to my friends, and we have just been quiet and silent for far too long,” said Alexandra Kane, a spokesperson for Black Lives Matter London movement. She is hoping that from the Black Lives Matter movements they can see reform and changes within the government so that both Black and Indigenous people are “viewed and treated fairly”. “We want people within our own Black community to know we support each other. We don’t often congregate and come together, but now we can do so
safely without the fear of being put into a stereotypical category.”
“I can’t even begin to name all of the times in the 18 years of my life that someone or something has made me feel less than because of the color of my skin,” one of the organizers, Simone Schacht, said when speaking at the rally. Meanwhile, “It disgusts me because we are human beings just like anyone else and we should not be treated
differently,” cried 10-year-old Noah.
Nichelle Samuel was there with her husband and daughter in solidarity with her fellow Black Canadians calling for change. “Every time my husband leaves the house, it’s a constant worry something may happen,” she said. “Seeing what happens in the states only kind of effects here on a silent level. I want this rally to let people
know this stuff happens silently, and if you see it, you hear it, do something about it.”
17 ．What does the author indicate to us by the example of Floyd in Paragraph 2
A ．American police are very violent.
B ．Floyd’s tragic death was caused by a white cop.
C ．People all over the world sympathized with Floyd.
D ．Black people have long suffered from racial discrimination.
18 ．Who was involved in organization of Black Lives Matter rally in London
A ．Nichelle Samuel. B ．Alexandra Kane. C ．Simone Schacht. D ．Noah.
19 ．What does the underlined word “congregate” probably mean
A ．unite B ．defeat C ．transform D ．congratulate
20 ．Which statement will the author probably agree with
A ．The government should not be blamed for the failure of white police.
B ．The death of Floyd was a trigger for the Black Lives Matter.
C ．Discrimination based on skin color is bad but inevitable.
D ．Black Lives Matter rally may not work.
【答案】 17 ．D 18 ．C 19 ．A 20 ．B
【导语】本文为一篇议论文。主要介绍了“黑人的命也是命”抗议活动在伦敦的示威情况， 以及各位黑人民众
的态度。
17．推理判断题。根据第二段“The Black Lives Matter movement has seen thousands of people across Canada, the United States and the world join together following the death of George Floyd, a black man died in police custody
after a white police officer was filmed kneeling on his neck. Floyd’s death in Minneapolis was only the latest in a
number of cases of Black men dying while in police custody.(在乔治 · 弗洛伊德死后， “黑人的命也是命”运动在 加拿大、美国和世界各地吸引了数千人加入。乔治 · 弗洛伊德是一名黑人，在被拍到一名白人警察跪在他的 脖子上后在警察拘留期间死亡。弗洛伊德在明尼阿波利斯的死亡只是众多黑人在警察拘留期间死亡案例中
的最新一例)”可推知，作者在第二段中以弗洛伊德为例向我们表明了黑人长期遭受种族歧视。故选 D。
18 ．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段““I can’t even begin to name all of the times in the 18 years of my life that
someone or something has made me feel less than because of the color of my skin,” one of the organizers, Simone Schacht, said when speaking at the rally.(“在我生命的 18 年里， 我甚至无法说出所有那些因为我的肤色而让我 感到自卑的人或事， ”组织者之一 Simone Schacht 在集会上发言时说)”可知， Simone Schacht 参与了伦敦“黑
人的命也是命”集会的组织。故选 C。
19 ．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“We want people within our own Black community to know we support each other.(我们希望我们黑人社区的人知道我们互相支持)”以及后文“and come together”可知， and 表示并列，可
推断是倡议黑人团结在一起。故划线词意思是“ 团结” 。故选 A。
20．推理判断题。根据第二段“The Black Lives Matter movement has seen thousands of people across Canada, the United States and the world join together following the death of George Floyd, a black man died in police custody after a white police officer was filmed kneeling on his neck.(在乔治 · 弗洛伊德死后， “黑人的命也是命”运动在加 拿大、美国和世界各地吸引了数千人加入。乔治 · 弗洛伊德是一名黑人，在被拍到一名白人警察跪在他的脖
子上后在警察拘留期间死亡)”可推知，作者认为弗洛伊德的死引发了“黑人的命也是命”运动。故选 B。
（2022·四川凉山 · 统考三模）What is the first thing that comes to your mind when you hear the word “hero” Is it someone who wears a cape and can fly in the air There are onscreen heroes like the superheroe in Avengers,
and there are also everyday heroes in our lives.
Whether they’re championship athletes, groundbreaking scientists, programmers changing the world with a
keyboard, firefighters rushing into burning buildings, artists creating amazing images, or rescue dogs searching for
signs of life, they can be descried as “heroes” .
But what makes a person a hero
In general, a hero is someone selfless, courageous and brave. These qualities drive heroes to help others in
times of need, even if they are scared. You can count on them to be there for you if something bad happens.
“The people that we set up as heroes are people that generally go above and beyond the call of the duty. They
do things that are extraordinary,” said Nick Carden, a psychologist at the AAPPHC Renaissance Center in the US.
However, why are some people heroic Nick Carden said that heroes are made. “They probably are people
that have been influenced by and have been helped by or have been modeled or raised to have those as values.”
Ordinary people—just like you and me—are heroes in their own way, simply just by doing their part for their
families and communities. Cleaners, journalists, nurses, and bus drivers—the list goes on and on.
These ordinary people help keep order in our day-to-day lives. And, sometimes, when there are emergencies,
they show courage and bravery to help complete strangers in need.
Being a hero is a universal attribute(属性) of human nature. “The decision to act heroically is a choice that many of us will be called upon to make at some point in time. Heroism becomes something that seems in the range of possibilities for every person, perhaps inspiring more of us to answer the call,” heroism researchers Zeno Franco
and Philip Zimbardo wrote in Greater Good Magazine.
Most importantly, try to become your own hero. Be courageous, honest and a person with integrity. Once you
are your own hero, you can truly do anything you set your mind to.
21 ．Which of the following can be described as a hero
A ．A guide dog accompanying its blind owner.
B ．A painter creating artwork worth millions of dollars.
C ．A scientist developing a medicine having some side effects.
D ．A programmer developing something decreasing working efficiency.
22 ．What kind of person should a hero be
A ．Brave and reliable. B ．Selfish and honest.
C ．Courageous and stubborn. D ．Aggressive and handsome.
23 ．What is Nick Carden’s opinion about heroes
A ．They do brave things based on their responsibilities.
B ．They can do great things beyond people’s expectations.
C ．They are different from people because of extraordinary abilities.
D ．They do great things to help others even if no one requires them to do so.
24 ．What is the author most likely to talk about next
A ．Why integrity is important for our life.
B ．The most important qualities of heroes.
C ．Figures we can learn from to become heroes.
D ．Things we can do to become our own heroes.
【答案】21 ．B 22 ．A 23 ．D 24 ．D
【导语】本文是议论文。文章主要讲述使一个人成为英雄需要的品质， 并呼吁大家要努力成为自己的英雄。 21 ．细节理解题。根据第二段“Whether they’re championship athletes, groundbreaking scientists, programmers changing the world with a keyboard, firefighters rushing into burning buildings, artists creating amazing images, or rescue dogs searching for signs of life, they can be descried as “heroes”. (无论他们是冠军运动员、突破性的科学 家、用键盘改变世界的程序员、冲进燃烧的建筑物的消防员、创造惊人图像的艺术家，还是寻找生命迹象 的救援犬， 他们都可以被描述为“英雄”。)”可知， 创造价值数百万的画的艺术家是属于英雄行列的人。故选
B。
22 ．细节理解题。根据第四段“In general, a hero is someone selfless, courageous and brave. These qualities drive
heroes to help others in times of need, even if they are scared. You can count on them to be there for you if
something bad happens. (一般来说，英雄是无私、勇敢和勇敢的人。这些品质驱使英雄在需要的时候帮助他 人，即使他们害怕。如果发生不好的事情，你可以指望他们会在你身边。)”可知，英雄是无私、勇敢的人，
是可以让人信赖的人。故选 A。
23．推理判断题。根据第五段““The people that we set up as heroes are people that generally go above and beyond
the call of the duty. They do things that are extraordinary,” said Nick Carden, a psychologist at the AAPPHC
Renaissance Center in the US. (美国 AAPPHC 文艺复兴中心的心理学家尼克 · 卡登说： “我们塑造的英雄们通 常都是超越职责的人。他们做的事情非同寻常。 ”)”可知， 尼克 · 卡登认为， 即使没有人要求， 英雄也会作伟
大的事情。故选 D。
24 ．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Most importantly, try to become your own hero. Be courageous, honest and a
person with integrity. Once you are your own hero, you can truly do anything you set your mind to. (最重要的是，
努力成为自己的英雄。勇敢、诚实、正直。 一旦你成为自己的英雄， 你就可以真正做任何你想做的事情。)”
可知，作者接下来要谈论如何成为自己的英雄。故选 D。
（2023·福建福州 · 福建省福州第一中学校考三模）We’ve all been there. It has been a long day, there is nothing in the fridge, cooking seems arduous and the solution is obvious: takeaway. It’s easy for takeaways to become a regular habit. At some point, you have to wonder: even if you don’t look different in the mirror, is it
doing you any harm
There is some evidence that too many takeaways is linked to weight gain, but the relationship isn’t clear. A 2022 study found a connection between eating takeaway-style food in the 24 hours before taking the survey and increased BMI in participants, although the researchers were careful to point out that they didn’t know whether frequently eating takeaways made people overweight, or whether overweight people frequently eat takeaways. There is,however, evidence that simply living near(or walking past)a takeaway outlet or two can have an impact on
body weight, with exposure to outlets near the workplace, most likely to tempt people.
But why Well, takeaway food tends to be high in fat and salt - ingredients that are relatively cheap and taste good, making you more likely to reorder. There is also some evidence that junk food can be addictive, as the
combination of salt, fat and sugar makes it hard to stop eating.
There is also the nutritional quality of the ingredients themselves. “Most takeaways contain highly processed ingredients and additives, nutrient-poor carbohydrates and plenty of deep-fried foods cooked in oil repeatedly
heated to high temperatures, says Pearson.
So, what is the message If you must place that order, consider the options:
The worst offenders on any menu are likely to be fried foods, or anything covered in high-sugar sauces. If you order Chinese food, go for steamed dumplings, grilled fish or soup. If you are going for Indian food, go heavy on
the side dishes, like bean and potato curries, which are often more flavourful and healthy.
Finally, try to cut your consumption: consider switching your daily routes, hide the menus, and delete the apps
on your phone.
25 ．What does the underlined word ‘arduous’ in Paragraph 1 probably mean
A ．Attractive B ．Troublesome
C ．Confusing D ．Dull
26 ．What are researchers still unclear about
A ．The cause and effect relationship of takeaways and being overweight
B ．Whether there is any connection between takeaways and being overweight
C ．Which ingredients in takeaway food are the most addictive
D ．Whether takeaways near the workplace are more likely to attract people
27 ．Which takeaway choice would the writer consider least harmful
A ．Hamburgers and fries B ．Indian main courses
C ．Fried noodles D ．Steamed dumplings
28 ．Which of the following is the best title for the passage
A ．Takeaways make you fat
B ．Are takeaways harmful
C ．How to choose the best takeaway
D ．How to avoid takeaways
【答案】25 ．B 26 ．A 27 ．D 28 ．B
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要就外卖是否对人身体有害进行了讨论。
25 ．词句猜测题。根据划线单词上文“It has been a long day, there is nothing in the fridge(这是漫长的一天，冰 箱里什么都没有)”可知， 冰箱里什么都没有， 所以没法烹饪， 即烹饪很困难， 由此可推知划线单词“arduous”
意为“ 困难的” ，与 B 项“Troublesome(困难的)”意思一样，故选 B。
26．细节理解题。根据第二段中“There is some evidence that too many takeaways is linked to weight gain, but the relationship isn’t clear. (有一些证据表明， 吃太多的外卖与体重增加有关， 但这种关系尚不清楚)”可知， 吃太 多的外卖与体重增加有关之间的关系尚不清楚，即研究人员对外卖与体重增加的因果关系尚不清楚，故选
A。
27 ．推理判断题。根据倒数