Unit 1 How can we become good learners? 知识点讲义

Unit1 How can we become good learners
1.What about reading aloud to practice pronunciation
What about =How about Why don’t you... Why not...
Would you like... Let’s...
辨析: aloud,loud与loudly
aloud:(adv)大声地 (与call,shout,cry等连用)
(adv)出声地 (与read等连用)
Eg: Please read the text aloud.
loud: (adj)大声的 (可作定语或表语)
Eg: The music is too loud.Please turn it down.
(adv)响亮地;高声地 (与speak,talk,sing,laugh等连用)
Eg:Speak loud,please,or no one will hear you.
loudly: (adv)高声地 (含有喧闹的意味) (与knock,ring等连用)
Eg: Suddenly the bell on the wall rang loudly.
注意: ①前缀a(n)表示加强意义
eg: aright正确地 awake唤醒 announce宣布;通告
②a与名词或动词结合构成形容词/副词
Eg: a+sleep (n.睡眠)=asleep (adj睡着的)
a+side(n.边)=aside(adv在旁边)
a+head(n.头)=ahead(adv在前面)
a+live(v居住)=alive(adj活的)
Why did Wei Fen find it difficult to learn English
此句的结构的: find it+adj+to do sth. 发现做某事...
(其中it为形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式.句中adj为宾补)
类似的结构还有:
①make it+adj+to do sth. 使做某事...
②think it+adj+to do sth. 认为做某事...
其他几种 “find+宾语+宾补” 结构
①find+宾语+adj 发现某人或某物
Eg: She found the work very dull.
②find+宾语+adv (其中副词通常是: in,out,up,down,upstairs等)
Eg: I went to her house,but I found her out.
③find+宾语+介词短语
Eg: When he woke up,he found himself in hospital.
④find+宾语+doing sth.
Eg:Did you find a woman standing under the tree
⑤find+宾语+(to)do sth.
Eg: I found Mary (to) clean the classroom.
I was afraid to ask questions because of my poor pronunciation.
辨析: be afraid to do sth.与be afraid of doing sth.
be afraid to do sth. 害怕做某事. 根据经验或常识不敢去做某事,或没有勇气去做某事.
Eg: He was afraid to go out at night.
be afraid of doing sth. 表示担心会发生某事或某情况(但实际上未必会发生),或不敢做某事(指缺乏勇气或因害怕其后果而不敢)
Eg: She was afraid of waking up her husband,for he was ill.
Although I could not understand everything the characters said,...
although (conj) 即使;纵然;虽然 相当于though,两者可通用(用来引导让步状语从句,既可以位于主句之前,也可以位于主句之后)
辨析: although与though
①用作连词,表示 “虽然” 二者可互换,但although与though 更加正式.在同一个句子中,although与though不能与but连用,但可以与yet连用.
Eg: Although he was tired,he went on working.
②Although一般不用作adv,而though可作adv,且一般位于句末,译为:可是;不过.
Eg: It’s hard work;I enjoy it,though.
③as though(好像;仿佛),even though(即使;纵然)等固定短语中。
Eg: He talks as though he knew everything.
④though引导让步状语从句可用部分倒装形式,但although一般不这样用.
Eg: Poor though I am, I can afford it.
I discovered that listening to something interesting is the secret to language learning.
辨析: discover,find,invent,find out,look for
discover:发现(指发现某种客观存在) 以前未被发现的事物或未被人知的东西
Eg: Columbus discovered America in 1942.
find:找到 侧重于找到过去丢失的人或物,但有时也表示凭经验或偶然发现了一种东西.
Eg: She found him a very good pupil.
invent:发明;创造 指通过劳动运用聪明才智创造出以前从未存在过的新事物.
Eg: The Wright brothers invented the first plane in the world.
find out: 查明;找出 强调经过一番努力最终找到,具有目的性
Eg: We shall find out the truth sooner or later.
look for: 寻找 强调寻找过程,但不一定能找到
Eg: Are you still looking for a job
本句是一个复合句,that引导宾语从句. 在宾语从句中,listening to something interesting 是动名词短语,作主语.单个动名词(短语)作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式.
Eg: Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes.
I looked them up in a dictionary.
与look相关的短语
look up 查阅 look after照顾(take care of )
look over仔细检查 look like 看起来像
look around 环顾四周 look down on瞧不起;蔑视
look forward to 期望 look into调查
look on 旁观 look out 向外看;小心
look through 浏览 look up to尊敬
I want to learn new words and more grammar so that I can have a better understanding of English movie.
so that引导目的状语从句 “以便;为了” 从句谓语动词常用情态动词may/might,can/could,should,would等
Eg: Tony hides behind the door so that no one can find him.
辨析: in order to,in order that与so that
三者都可以表示目的, 意为:为了;以便
①in order to 后接动原,可放在句首或句中
②in order that和so that 后接目的状语从句, 从句中常有can/could,may等情态动词,放在句中,且从句前不用逗号.
Eg：I get up early in order to clean the classroom.
I get up early in order that I can clean the classroom.
I get up early so that I can clean the classroom.
③so that 还可以表示 “因此;所以” 引导结果状语从句,此时so that前可用逗号与主句隔开.
Eg：I get up early this morning,so that I caught the first bus.
I don’t know how to increase my reading speed.
“how to increase my reading speed” 疑问词+动词不定式
英语中, 疑问代词what,who,which和疑问副词where,when,why,how等后面可接不定式，这种结构在句中可作主语、宾语、表语等
“疑问词+动词不定式” 结构作宾语时,其作用相当于宾语从句.当宾语从句的主语与主句主语相同时,可以与此结构互换.
Eg:I don’t know how I should increase my reading speed.
I can’t decide where to go.
I can’t decide where I should go.
He can’t get the pronunciation right.
“get the pronunciation right” 为: get+宾语+adj
该结构构成的短语意为: 使...处于某种状态 (adj作宾补)
宾补可以是:adj,adv,过去分词,现在分词或介词短语.
Eg:Don’t get yourself too old.
I want to get my computer repaired.
It’s cold. We should get the fire burning all the time.
...pay attention to it for a long time.
常见的to用作介词、后接动名词的短语
pay attention to 耐心
look forward to 盼望
thanks to 多亏;由于
put one’s mind to 全神贯注
Even if you learn something,you will forget it unless you use it.
辨析: even if与even though
even if 即使;纵然 引导的从句表示一种假设
even though 尽管;虽然 引导的从句表示一种
Eg:Even if I have to walk all the way,I’ll get there.
He went out even though it was raining.
Try to study and remember information bit by bit instead of ....
常用重叠式短语:
day by day 一天天地 one by one 一个接一个
bit by bit 逐渐地 side by side 肩并肩
step by step逐步 word by word 逐字逐句地
year by year年复一年 again by again反复地
all day and all night整日整夜 over and over 反复
up and down上上下下 here and there 到处
less and less 越来越少 neck and neck齐头并进
arm in arm臂挽着臂 day after day日复一日