人教版英语七升八寒假词法专题:数词讲义

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名称 人教版英语七升八寒假词法专题:数词讲义
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更新时间 2024-02-07 14:57:36

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课 题 数词
教学目标 掌握基数词、序数词、小数、分数和百分数的读法以及基本用法
重、难点 基数词变为序数词 单位词hundred,thousand,million,billion加s与不加s的区分 3、分数和百分数作主语时谓语动词单复数的选择
[①紧扣考点 专题讲解]
知识点解析
数词的含义
表示数目多少或顺序先后的词叫数词。
二、数词的分类
基数词
序数词
小数
分数
百分数
三、基数词:用来表示数目多少的数词
记忆方式 示例
1-12单独记 one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve
13-19词尾为后缀-teen thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen
20-90逢十词尾为后缀-ty twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety
21-99(除逢十词外)在十位数和个位数之间加连字符构成 twenty-nine, thirty-eight, forty-seven, fifty-six, sixty-five, seventy-four, eighty-three, ninety-two
单位词 100hundred 1,000thousand 1,000,000million 1,000,000,000billion
说明:(1)101-999先说几百,再加and,再加末尾两位数(或末尾一位数)
168 one hundred and sixty-eight, 908 nine hundred and eight
(2)1,000以上的数词,先从后向前数,每三位用一个千分撇隔开。第一个千分撇表示thousand(千),第二个千分撇表示million(百万),第三个千分撇表示billion(十亿),然后一节一节地用几百几十几的方法表示
1,234 one thousand, two hundred and thirty-four
12,345 twelve thousand, three hundred and forty-five
123,456 one hundred and twenty-three thousand, four hundred and fifty-six
1,234,567 one million, two hundred and thirty-four thousand, five hundred and sixty-seven
★基数词的用法
表示数量 eg. 一 How many books would you like?-I would like two.
表示号码 eg. My phone number is 6887789.
表示时间 eg. I watch CCTV News at seven o’clock every evening.
表示“不确切岁数或年代”用几十的复数形式。
如: He is in his early thirties.他有三十来岁(31—34岁)
This took place in the 1930s.这事发生在二十世纪三十年代
基数词在表示具体数字时,数字+hundred/thousand/million
当表示不确切的数字时,hundreds/thousands/millions+ of
hundreds of(数百,成百上千的),thousands of(数干,成千上万的),millions of(数百万)
如:There are six hundred students in our grade.
Hundreds of old people died of cold last winter.
(6)基数词常和一些计量类名词“单数”用“--”连在一起,构成复合形容词,修饰名词。
  如:a twelve-year-old boy一个十二岁的男孩
a five-mile race一次五英里的赛跑
another +基数词+名词=基数词+more+名词
如:two more apples=another two apples.
真题再现
( )1. Which number is wrong _______.
A. Ninety B. Ninteen C. Ninth D. Nineteenth
四、序数词:用来表示顺序的数词。
1-10 11-19 20-90中整几十的序数词 ≧100
1first 1st 11eleventh 11th 100 a hundredth 100th
2second 2nd 12twelfth 12th 20twentieth 20th 1,000 a thousand 1,000th
3third 3rd 13thirteenth 13th 30thirtieth 30th 1,000,000 a million 1,000,000th
4fourth 4th 14fourteenth 14th 40fortieth 40th 1,000,000,000 a billion 1,000,000,000th
5fifth 5th 15fifteenth 15th 50fiftieth 50th
6sixth 6th 16sixteenth 16th 60sixtieth 60th
7seventh 7th 17seventeenth 17th 70seventieth 70th
8eighth 8th 18eighteenth 18th 80eightieth 80th
9ninth 9th 19nineteenth 19th 90ninetieth 90th
10tenth 10th
★★序数词巧记口诀:
基变序,有规律,末尾字母th加上去。
123 ,特殊记,8去t,9去e,f来把ve替
遇 整十变y 为ie,再加th,几十几也好记,只变个位就可以
【温馨提示】
序数词要加定冠词the?但若序数词前有形容词性物主代词或名词所有格时省略the。例如 Tom made the mistake for the third time. = It was Tom’s third time to make the mistake. 这是汤姆第三次出错。
(2)序数词前加a/an表示“又一?再一”。例如?
Even though the Greens have 3 children, they still want a fourth one.
尽管格林夫妇已有3个孩子?可他们还想再要一个。
序数词可以用阿拉伯数字和序数词拼写的最后两个字母简写。例如?1st第一?2nd第二?3rd第三?4th第四。
★序数词的用法
1.序数词前通常要用定冠词the,表示“第几”。但是如果序数词前出现不定冠词a或者an时,则表示“又一,再一”eg.
John lives on the fifteenth floor
We'll have to do it a second time.
2.序数词常用作名词的定语,但当名词前已有物主代词等限定词时,则不再用the.
her fourth birthday.
表示编号时,既可以用基数词也可以用序数词,用基数词表示时,常把基数词放在名词后面表顺序,相当于“the +序数词+名词”
如书刊的页的数目,住所、房间、教室、电话号码等等。
Page Eight, Room 304,Class Seven
Lesson Five=the fifth lesson
真题再现
( )1. I've been a student there for nearly two and _______ half years.
A.a B.an C.the D./
( )2. --- How soon will you finish your work --- In about _______.
A. one and a half month B. one month and a half
C. one and half a month D. a month and half
( )3. It took me ________ to find out the key to the drawer.
A. one and half hours B. one and a half hours
C. one and a half hour D. one and half hour
五、分数
用法 示例
分子用基数词,分母用序数词 分子大于1时,分母用复数 分母若是2和4,则分别用half和quarter 基数词和序数词之间可加“-”也可不加 1/2: one half, a half 1/3: one third, a third 2/3: two thirds, two-thirds 1/4: one quarter, one fourth 3/4: three quarters, three fourths 5 3/5: five and three fifths
分子与分母之间加in,分子在前,分母在后,分子分母都用基数词 one in ten十分之一, five in eight八分之五
分子与分母之间加out of, 分子在前,分母在后,分子分母都用基数词 one out of ten十分之一, five out of eight八分之五
六、小数
小数的表示法:小数点读作point;零读作zero或o;小数点前的数按基数词读,小数点后的数字按单个数字依次读出
9.65读作nine point six five
53.16读作fifty-three point one six
0.6读作zero point six
0.05读作zero point zero five
七、百分数
表示百分数时直接将基数词放在单词percent前面即可
twenty percent百分之二十
fifty-two percent百分之五十二
七、数词应用
名称 表 达 法 例 词
年份 特别提示?年份的读法前两位数, 再读后两位数, 读日时要加the 可先读1997年3月21日 March the twenty-first, nineteen ninety-seven
日期 月日年 日用序数?年用基数 日月年 the+序数词+of+月?年 2007年3月21日 the twenty-first of March, two thousand and seven
年代 in+the+数词的复数形式 在18世纪20年代—in the 1720’s/1720s 读作?in the seventeen twenties
时刻 时在前?分在后?按基数词读 10: 15 ten fifteen
分在前?时在后 “几点过几分”用past分钟数须小于半小时?包括半小时在内 7: 05 five past seven 7:15 fifteen past seven 7: 30 half past seven
“几点差几分”?用介词to,但分钟数须在半小时以内?不包括半小时在内 7: 57 three to eight 11: 46 fourteen to twelve 2: 40 twenty to three
几刻钟 一刻钟?a quarter 三刻钟?three quarters 九点一刻?a quarter past nine
编号 给东西编号时:序号在前用序数词 序号在后用基数词 lesson twelve=the twelfth lesson
分数 分子用基数词?分母用序数词 记忆口诀?分子基?分母序? 分子大于1?分母加s 特别提示:通常二分之一用 a/one half表示。四分之一用 a/one quarter表示,三分之一one third two thirds four fifths seven tenths
分数+名词做主语 分数后面加名词做主语时,如果后面的名词是单数名词或不可数名词,谓语动词用单数形式;如果后面的名词是可数名词复数,谓语动词则用复数形式。 但是当分数修饰population时,则谓语动词一律用复数形式。 Two thirds of the desk is painted red. One fifth of the water comes from the underground. Two thirds of the students in my class are boys. Seven tenths of the population in China are farmers.
带分数 当分数前面带有整数时,要用连词and连接 two and two thirds
倍数 英语用twice表示两倍?两倍以上用基数词加times表示 twice两倍three times三倍 forty times四十倍
真题再现
( )1. Their house is about ___ as big as ours.
A. times three B. three time C. time three D. three times
( )2.______of the coats______made of cotton. They feel comfortable.
A.Two-thirds; is B. Two-thirds; are
C. Two-third; is D. Two –third; are
经典例题。
一、写出下列数字的英语表达
11______ 12______ 13______ 20______
30______ 78______ 第一______ 第五______
第十六______ 第七十______
二、读出下列小数、分数以及百分数
63.45读作__________________________
0.089读作__________________________
6/7读作_____________________________
1/2读作_____________________________
百分之三十一读作____________________
百分之七十读作______________________
三、把下列基数词改为序数词,序数词改为基数词
one__________ fourteen___________
nine__________ thirty-five__________
second__________ twentieth___________
twelfth_________ third______________
四、单项选择
1.There are five ______________ books in the room.
A.hundred B.hundreds of C.hundreds D.hundred of
2.There are ________ floors in this building and Mr. Wang’s office is on ________floor.
A.twenty; twelfth B.twentieth; twelve
C.twentieth; twelfth D.twenty; the twelfth
3.Many things are on sale today, so there are_______ people in the shop.
A.hundred B.two hundred of C.hundred of D.hundreds of
4.There are about teachers in our school. All of them are friendly.
A.two hundred B.two hundreds C.hundred of D.two hundred of
5.There are ______ days in May and Mother's Day is on ______ Sunday.
A.thirty-one; the second B.thirty-one; second
C.the thirty-first; the second D.the thirty-one; second
6.A week has ________ days, but we only go to school from Monday to Friday.
A.seven B.seventh C.five D.fifth
7.There are _____ floors in my building and I live on the_________floor.
A.seven: six B.seventh: six C.seven: sixth D.seventh; sixth
8.-Excuse me, what's the time now
--It's__________.
A.at a quarter to twelve. B.two three
C.half to nine D.thirty-five past seven
9.He is a super book-lover. On the bookshelf, there are books.
A.three hundred and twenty three B.three hundreds and twenty-three
C.three hundreds and twenty three D.three hundred and twenty-three
10.His son is now. Today it’s his birthday.
A.nine; nine B.ninth; nine C.ninth; ninth D.nine; ninth
[②考试连线 家庭作业]
选择题
1.We have a ________ holiday every National Day.
A.3 days B.3-days C. 3- day D. 3 days’
2. --How _______ is it from Xi’an to Dunhuang
--It’s less than 3______flight.
A.long,hour’s B. far,hour’s C.long,hours’ D.far, hours
3. --Hurry up! It’s______,We are asked to finish it by 5 o’clock.
--You mean we ‘ve only got 20 minutes left!
A.5:20 B. 4:20 C.4:40 D. 5:40
4. I’m ________ ,and I have a ________ sister.
A. 15 year old ;16-year- old B.15 years old ;16-years- old
C.15-year-old ;16 years old D.15 years old ;16-year- old
5.July 1st of this year is the _____ birthday of the CPC(中国共产党).
A.ninety-five B. ninetiety -fifth C. ninetieth-five D. ninety-fifth
6.It’s about _______ from our school to my house.
A.20 minutes’ walk B.20 minute’s walk
C. walk of 20 minutes D.20 minutes’ walks
7. _______ of the farmland here ______ with rice.
A.Two thirds; is covering B.Two third; is covered.
C. Second third; are covering D.Two thirds; is covered
8.The accident happened in ________.He was in ________at that time.
A.the 1990s,his twenties B.the 1990s,the twenties
C.1990s,his twenties D.1990s,twenties
9. Mary is 8 and she is _______ Laura.How old is Laura ——Four
A.four years older than B.two years old than
C.twice as older as D.as old as
10.In our class,_____ of the students are girls.
A. three fifths B.three fifth C. three fives D. three five
【③当堂过手训练】
一、中英互译
(1)5.49____________________
(2)一百万________________
(3)123,567________________________
(4)167,890,034______________________________
(5)three quarters__________
(6)five hundred and sixty-nine________________________
(7)two hundred and seventy-three thousand, one hundred and eight______________________
(8)one billion__________________
二、单项选择
1.Ding Limei’s book sale is in Students’ Hall. Over __ people come and buy books there.
A.two hundred B.two hundreds C.hundred of D.two hundreds of
2.__________ of students are in the room and nine ________ of them are girls.
A.Hundreds, hundreds B.Hundred, hundred
C.Hundreds, hundred D.Hundred, hundreds
3.She has _____ books in her room.
A.seven hundreds and twenty-three
B.seven hundred and twenty-three
C.seven hundreds and twenty three
D.seven hundred and twenty three
4.—What class is he in
—He is in _____, _____.
A.Grade three; Class seven
B.class Three; grade Seven
C.Class Three; Grade Seven
D.grade seven; class three
5.—Bruce,how many students are there in your school
—Mmm, about .
A.two thousands B.two thousands of
C.two thousand of D.two thousand
6.This Friday is Bill’s birthday.
A.twelve B.twelfth C.the twelve D.the twelfth
7.__________comes before October and it’s the __________ month of the year.
A.September, ninth B.September, nineth
C.November, eleventh D.November, eleven
8.Father’s Day is on the __________Sunday __________June every year.
A.three, on B.third, in C.sixth, in D.second, on
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