Module 3 Life now and then
模块语法精讲
形容词和副词
一、形容词和副词的语法功能
1.形容词的语法功能
一般说来,形容词可以放在名词之前作定语,亦可以放在系动词之后作表语,还可以作宾语补足语和状语等。
形容词作定语一般都是放在名词之前,但是如果修饰的是不定代词something,anything,nothing,somebody,anybody,nobody等,就要放在后面。
以-ly结尾的词多为副词,但是如果是“名词+ly”则一般构成形容词,如weekly,friendly等,应注意区别。
2.副词的语法功能
副词一般用作状语,修饰动词、形容词、副词以及全句,表示程度、方式等。
副词enough要放在形容词的后面,形容词enough放在名词前后都可。
例如:
I don't know him well enough. 他我不熟悉。
There is enough food for everyone to eat.有足够的食物供每个人
二、形容词与副词的比较等级
(一)原级的用法
1.只能修饰原级的词,very,quite,so,too
例如,He is too tired to walk on.他太累了以至于不能再继续走了。
My brother runs so fast that I can‘t follow him.我弟弟跑得那么快以至于我跟不上他。
2.原级常用的句型结构
(1)“as+形容词/副词原级+as”表示“甲和乙程度相同” 例如:
Tom is as old as Kate.汤姆和凯特年龄一样大。
(2)“not+as/so+形容词/副词原级+as” 表示甲不如乙…例如:
This room is not as/so big as that one. 这个房间不如那个大。
(二)比较级的用法
1.可以修饰比较级的词,much,a lot,far,…的多a little,a bit,…一点儿,even甚至,still仍然。例如:
Lesson One is much easier than Lesson Two.第一课比第二课容易得多。
2.比较级常用的句型结构
(1)“甲+be+形容词/副词比较级+than+乙”表示“甲比乙…”。例如:
Tom is taller than Kate.汤姆比凯特高。
I got up earlier than my mother this morning.我今天早晨起床比我妈妈还早。
(2)“形容词/副词比较级+than+ any other+单数名词(+介词短语)”表示“甲比同一范围的任何一个人/物都……”,含义是“甲最……”。
例如:The Yangtze River is longer than any other river in China.
=The Yangtze River is longer than any of the other rivers in China.长江比中国的任何一条其他的河都长。
=The Yangtze River is longer than the other rivers in China.长江比中国的其他所有的河都长。
=The Yangtze River is the longest river in China.长江是中国最长的河流。
(3)“the+形容词比较级+of the two+……”表示“甲是两者中较……的”。
例如,Look at the two boys.My brother is the taller of the two.看那两个男孩,我弟弟是两个当中较高的那个。
(4)“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越……”。例如:
He is getting taller and taller.他变得越来越高了。
(5)“the+比较级,the+比较级”表示“越……,越……”。例如:
The more careful you are,the fewer mistakes you’ll make.你越认真,犯的错误越少。
(6)“特殊疑问词+be/实意动词+形容词/副词比较级,甲or乙?”。例如:
Which is bigger,the earth or the moon?哪一个大,地球还是月球?
3.最高级常用句型结构
(1)“主语+be+the+形容词最高级+单数名词+in/of短语”表示“……是……中最……的”。
例如:Tom is the tallest in his class./of all the students.汤姆是他们班上/所有学生当中最高的。
“主语+实意动词+(the)+副词最高级+单数名词+in/of短语”表示“……是……中最……的”。 例如:
I jump (the) farthest in my class.我是我们班跳得最远的。
(2)“主语+be+one of the+形容词最高级+复数名词+in/of短语”表示“……是……中最……之一”。 例如:
Beijing is one of the largest cities in China.北京是中国最大城市之一。
(3)“特殊疑问词+be+the+最高级+甲,乙,or丙?”用于三者以上的比较。例如:
Which country is the largest,China,Brazil or Canada?哪一个国家最大,中国,巴西还是加拿大?
“特殊疑问词+实意动词+(the)+副词最高级+甲,乙,or丙?”用于三者以上的比较
例如:Which season do you like (the) best,spring,summer or autumn?你最喜欢哪一个季节,春天,夏天还是秋天?
模块语法精练
1. Da Shan is ______ at Chinese. He can speak Chinese very _______.
A. good, good B. well, well
C. good, well D. well, good
2. It's_____ to throw away old things. Some of them can be reused.
A. normal B. dangerous
C. wasteful D. necessary
3.—Where would you like to go this Mid-Autumn Festival
—I’d like to go _______.
A. everywhere relaxing
B. somewhere relaxing
C. peaceful anywhere
D. peaceful somewhere
4. The bread smells ______ and it sells ______.
A. well; good B. good; good
C. good; well D. well; well
5. Do you think which subject is ______, maths or English
A. difficult B. the most difficult
C. more difficult D. most difficult
6. The Yangzi River is one of _______ in the world.
A. the longest rivers B. the longest river
C. longer rivers D. longer river
7. Without ______work, we can ______
succeed.
A. hardly; hard B. hard; hardly
C. hard; hard D. hardly; hardly
8.—Who sang the song better, Tom or John
—I think Tom sang just ______John.
A. as good as B. as well as
C. more careful than D. the most carefully
9. Water is the cheapest drink. And it is also ______.
A. healthier B. healthiest
C. the healthier D. the healthiest
10.-Of the three TV programs, which one do you think is ________
-I think A Bite of China is.
A. interesting B. more interesting
C. the most interesting
11. Write_______ and try not to make any mistakes.
A. as carefully as you can
B. as careful as possible C. more careful
12. Of the two shirts, I’d like to choose the_____ one to save some money for a cap.
A. cheapest B. cheaper
C. more expensive D. most expensive
13.—Is your headache getting _______
—No, it’s worse.
A. better B. bad C. less D. well
14. —Tom ,are you boy in your class
—No, but John is. I’m shorter than him.
A. the tallest B. the shortest
C. the youngest D. the oldest
15. Lin Fang comes home _______ than before this term. She doesn’t have so many classes in the afternoon.
A. early B. earlier
C. late D. later
第三模块语法精练答案
1.C【解析】句意:大山擅长汉语。他能把汉语说的非常好。be good at擅长;修饰动词speak要用副词well,故选C。
2.C【解析】句意:扔掉旧东西是_____。他们中的一些是可以重复使用的。Normal正常的;dangerous危险的;wasteful浪费的;necessary必要的。根据句意可知选C。
3.B【解析】 答句句意:我想去令人放松的地方。everywhere到处;anywhere用于否定句和疑问句。当不定代词修饰形容词时,形容词要后置,故选B。
4.C【解析】smell为系动词,系动词后接形容词。Sell为实义性动词,要用副词来修饰,故选C。
5.C【解析】根据句意可知,maths和English在进行两者比较,所以用比较级。故选C。
6.A 【解析】句意:长江是世界上最长的河流之一。one of +形容词最高级“最……之一”。故选A。
7.B【解析】hard形容词,“艰苦的”;hardly副词,“几乎不”句意:“如果没有艰苦的工作,我们就几乎不能成功”。故选B
8.B【解析】 “as+形容词/副词原级+as”表示“和…一样” 。句意:我认为汤姆和约翰唱得一样好。修饰动词sing要用副词。故选B。
9. D【解析】句意:水是最便宜的饮料,它也是最健康的。根据句意可知,前半句用了最高级形式,后半句根据and表并列关系,所以也用最高级形式,故选D。
10.C【解析】根据of the three TV programs可知,这里是三者作比较,所以用最高级形式。故选C。
11.A【解析】修饰动词write要用副词。
12. B【解析】根据句意“在两件衬衣中,为了节省些钱买顶帽子,我想选那件更便宜的”,结合动词不定式短语to save some money for a cap在句中做目的状语,可知选B。
13.A【解析】句意:—你的头痛好了吗?—没有。更厉害了。根据答语No可知,第一句应该是询问头痛是否好了。故选A。
14.A 【解析】句意:汤姆,你是你们班最高的吗?-不。约翰才是。我比他更矮。根据答句可知,询问的应该是班里面最高的人。故选A。
15.B 【解析】根据than用比较级,排除A和C,再由doesn’t have classes没上课,当然是回家早些了。