华中师大一附中2023—2024学年度上学期高二期末检测
英 语 试 题
试卷满分：150分 考试时间：120分钟
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt
A. 19.15. B. 9.18. C. 9.15.
答案是C。
1. What are the speakers
A. Students. B. Teachers. C. Officials.
2. How does the woman feel
A. Pleased. B. Surprised. C. Grateful.
3. What happened to Larry last night
A. Falling into water. B. Not finding his hotel. C. Being caught in the rain.
4. What are the speakers probably talking about
A. A movie. B. A concert. C. An opera.
5. When does the second show start
A. At 7:00. B. At 9:00. C. At 9:10.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. How will the speakers go downtown
A. By bike. B. By bus. C. By taxi.
7. What is the woman going to do
A Withdraw some money. B. Charge her phone. C. Check the bus routes.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8. Where probably are the speakers
A. In a café. B. In a flower shop. C. In a clothing store.
9. What gift will Alice give to her mother on Mother’s Day
A. A card. B. A scarf. C. A bunch of flowers.
10. What does the man think of Alice’s last suggestion
A. Just so-so. B. Quite satisfactory. C. A bit disappointing.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11. What job does the woman apply for
A. Cooking meals. B. Doing housework. C. Looking after kids.
12. How many hours will the woman work a week
A. 10 hours. B. 25 hours. C. 40 hours.
13. What can we learn about the woman from the conversation
A. The man is satisfied with her.
B. She has several children to raise.
C. She will get other benefits besides pay.
听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。
14. What will Edward be responsible for
A. Organizing the musicians.
B. Sending out the invitations.
C. Doing online marketing tasks.
15. What is the woman going to do first
A. Draw the posters. B. Make the guest list. C. Design the invitations.
16. Who will be in charge of making the room reservations
A. Nancy. B. John. C. Tim.
17. Where is Nancy now
A. In a hotel. B. On a train. C. In the hospital.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18. What’s the main reason for students starting businesses
A. To realize their career potential.
B. To meet the need of making money.
C. To gain better development chances.
19. How many students learn business-starting from student organizations
A. 22.58%. B. 17.15%. C. 28.32%.
20. Why do 32.5% of the students choose to stick in big cities
A. To seize the opportunities.
B. To see the rapid growth there.
C. To enjoy the convenient traffic.
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文， 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Best U. S. National Parks for 2023
Today, 63 national parks in the U. S. draw millions of visitors a year to witness jaw-dropping natural wonders. To determine the best national parks, we considered the opinions of both travel experts and recent visitors. Do you have a favorite park Cast your vote below.
#1 Glacier National Park
Glacier National Park is called the “Crown of the Continent” for its breathtaking beauty. A favorite spot among hikers, it features a variety of trails for all levels, ranging from the easy Trail of the Cedars to the challenging Grinnell Glacier. Besides, the park boasts numerous lakes and two mountain ranges, sheltering a variety of wildlife.
#2 Grand Canyon National Park
Measuring approximately 277 river miles in length, up to 18 miles wide and a mile deep, this canyon is truly a natural wonder. As a UNESCO World Heritage Site, the Grand Canyon always leaves its visitors impressed. But if you’re seeking an escape to Mother Nature, be prepared: The Grand Canyon can be very crowded.
#3 Yellowstone National Park
With dramatic peaks and pure lakes, Yellowstone National Park is an outdoor enthusiast’s paradise. Multicolored pools, hot springs, stretching meadows, and steaming geysers (间歇泉). While you cross its 3,000-plus square miles of mountains, geysers and waterfalls, be prepared to share the trails with residents like buffalo (水牛).
#4 Yosemite National Park
Enjoying extraordinary landscapes, Yosemite National Park features towering waterfalls, millennia-old sequoia trees (红杉树), striking cliffs and unique rock formations. Most tourist activities take place within the Yosemite Valley. Here you’ll find the park’s most famous landmarks—Half Dome and El Capitan—as well as excellent hiking trails.
1. What can you do in Yellowstone National Park
A. Appreciate waterfalls. B. Join wildlife preservation.
C. Camp at mountain peaks. D. Swim in colorful pools.
2. Which park might appeal to wildlife enthusiasts
A. Yosemite National Park and Glacier National Park.
B. Glacier National Park and Yellowstone National Park.
C. Yosemite National Park and Yellowstone National Park.
D. Grand Canyon National Park and Glacier National Park.
3. Where can you probably find this passage
A. In a research paper. B. On a tourist website.
C. In an ecology journal. D. In an instruction book.
B
The lunch in the back room of a dull Moscow restaurant consisted of small bites of food and large shots of vodka. Musk had arrived that morning with Adeo Ressi and Jim Cantrell on their search to buy a used Russian rocket for their mission to Mars. After many toasts to friendship, the Russians gave the Americans gifts of vodka bottles with labels that had each person’s image. Musk, who was holding his head up with his hand, passed out, and his head slammed into the table.
That evening, slightly recovered, Musk and his companions met with another group in Moscow selling used missiles. That encounter turned out to be equally odd. The Russian in charge was missing a front tooth, so whenever he spoke loudly, which was often, spit would fly out in Musk’s direction. At one point, when Musk started his talk about the need to make humans multiplanetary (多行星), Cantrell recalls, the Russian spit at them. “Did he just spit on us ” Musk asked, eyes wide open. “Yeah, he did,” Cantrell answered. “I think it’s a sign of disrespect.”
Despite the clown show, Musk and Cantrell decided to return to Russia in early 2002. Ressi didn’t come, but Justine did. This time Musk focused on buying two Dnepr rockets, which were old missiles. The more he negotiated, the higher the price went. He finally thought he had a deal to pay $18 million for two Dneprs. But then they said no, it was $18 million for each. “That’s insane!” he says. The Russians then suggested maybe it would be $21 million each. “They taunted him,” Cantrell recalls. “They said, ‘Oh, little boy, you don’t have the money ’”
It was fortunate that the meetings went badly. It drove Musk to think bigger. Rather than merely using a secondhand rocket to put a demonstration greenhouse on Mars, he would attempt one of the most audacious (大胆的) projects of our times: privately building rockets that could launch satellites and then humans into orbit and eventually send them to Mars and beyond.
4. What happened during the lunch in the Moscow restaurant
A. Musk got seriously drunk. B. Musk bought a used rocket.
C. Musk was hit on the head. D. Musk made lots of friends.
5. How did Musk react when the Russian spat at him
A. Embarrassed. B. Shocked. C. Anxious. D. Ashamed.
6. What does the underlined word “taunt” mean
A. Try to annoy. B. Try to inspire. C. Try to amuse. D. Try to disappoint.
7 What lesson can you learn from this passage
A. Money can’t buy everything. B. Constant dripping wears away a stone.
C. Repetition plays a critical role in success. D. Frustration can sometimes be a stepping stone.
C
This past year an issue has been bothering me. It’s the way scientists talk.
This is not a new concern. Many years ago science writer Susan Hassol and atmospheric scientist Richard Somerville wrote a humorous but serious piece about how the terms that climate scientists use mean one thing to them but often something very different to others. In the climate system, for example, “positive feedback” refers to amplifying (放大) feedback loops (循环), such as the ice-albedo feedback. (“Albedo,” basically means “reflectivity.”)The loop develops when global warming causes Arctic ice to melt, exposing water that is darker and reflects less of the sun’s warming rays, which leads to more warming, which leads to more melting ... and so on. In the climate system, this positive feedback is a bad thing. But for most, it brings to mind comforting images, such as receiving praise from your boss.
Hassol and Somerville call this “speaking in code.” Codes, of course, are not intended for outsiders, but some scientific language is mysterious even to many insiders.
Studies show that strange terms, in fact, confuse people and make them feel excluded (排除在外). One study showed that even when participants were given definitions for the terms being used, materials full of technical terms made them less likely to identify with the scientific community and decreased their overall interest in the subject. In plain words: terms turn people off.
Of course, technical terms used in regulatory contexts may be hard to change for legal reasons. But if scientists could explain in a more accessible way, it would help us understand their claims and better appreciate their work.
8. What has bothered the author recently
A. The latest scientific research. B. The manner scientists behave.
C. The speeches delivered by scientists. D. The terms employed by scientists.
9 What leads to the development of the loop in “ice-albedo feedback”
A. Changeable temperature. B. Lower reflectivity of water.
C The expansion of Arctic ice. D. The decrease in the sun’s warming rays.
10. Why do Hassol and Somerville describe scientific language as “code”
A. Because it is intended for daily use. B. Because only experts can understand it.
C. Because it rarely gets across to outsiders. D. Because they want to make the language mysterious.
11. Which of the following is the best title for the text
A. Scientists: Please Speak Plainly B. Insiders: Be Friendly to the Public
C. Turn People off with Technical Terms D. Get More Engaged in the Scientific World
D
The attendance of accident and emergency department(A&E) is variable. We used to joke that Monday was the busiest day of the week. But some people argued that Sunday, and even Tuesday, were also very busy.
In the business sector, it is well known that Monday has an effect on trading volume: Monday has a lower volume than other weekdays. In the medical field, Watson mentioned that more people had heart attacks on Monday morning — the so-called “Black Monday Syndrome”. In fact, “Monday Syndrome” is variably defined in the literature to mean different things to different people: from occupational disease to increase in injury, etc. When these effects are grouped together and viewed from the macroscopic (宏观的) perspective, it could translate into an increase in demand of the healthcare service on Monday. If it can be shown that this pattern of service demand is reproducible in our local setting, then measures can be taken to redistribute resources to appeal to the uneven demand during the week.
The present study employed existing data obtained from the computer system of the A&E department of a regional hospital with a daily attendance of about 300 per day. The daily attendance from April to June 2010 was grouped in days of the week, in order to find out whether the attendance on Monday was different from the rest of the week. Main measuring variables were the mean (平均的) attendance data of different days of the week. Standard deviation (偏差) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of the means were calculated and compared. Lastly, mean attendance of Monday was compared to that of non-Mondays. Careful inspection of the data showed that Monday was the busiest day of the week (Figure 1) — it had significantly higher attendance than Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday and Sunday (p<0.05). Monday was also busier than Tuesday, although this is statistically unconvincing.
For Q2 2010, Monday has 12% more attendance than other weekdays. Administrative measures to limit the “predictable” service demand should be taken to avoid overcrowding and long waiting-time on Monday.
Figure 1. Mean attendance Monday through Sunday (Q2 2010), with 95% CI (Attendance of Monday is different from that of Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday and Sunday at the 0.05 level).
12. What most probably happens on Monday according to paragraph 2
A. Jane has classes energetically. B. Sean earns a substantial sum of money.
C. Dr. Mike bursts out infectious laughter. D. Our English Teacher gets a sore throat.
13. What can we learn from the third paragraph
A. The second quarter data of 2010 was used.
B. The daily attendance was generated nationwide.
C. It was computer scientists that provided the data.
D. Monday and Tuesday attendances differed significantly.
14. What is the writer’s purpose of using the graph
A. To clarify a concept. B. To compare statistics.
C. To stir up a debate. D. To introduce a research method.
15. How is the research conducted
A. By doing experiments. B. By making questionnaires.
C. By interviewing the subjects of the study. D. By employing statistical and mathematical models.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填人空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
When faced with change, most people go down one of two roads: They either respond or react. ____16____ Reacting, on the other hand, literally means to meet one action with another. It’s instant. Responding creates more space between an event and what you do about it. In that space, you give immediate emotions room to breathe and you gain a better understanding of what is happening. Consequently, you rarely regret responding. ____17____
There is plenty you can do internally to cultivate responsiveness. For instance, “affect labeling”, or naming your emotions, helps create space between you and a difficult situation. Meditation (冥想) is also beneficial. ____18____ You can do all the affect labeling and meditation in the world. Yet if you regularly inhabit reactive environments, it’s hard not to become more reactive.
____19____ When I spend too much time on social media, I’m more likely to roar at my children, feel restless, and my competence in thinking deeply worsens significantly. Yet I’m becoming increasingly concerned that it’s not just me, but our entire culture that is making us more reactive at a time when we need our humanity more than ever.
____20____ But distinctly naming the problem is an important first step. We can also reduce reactivity by intentionally creating more responsive environments. We can read print books instead of digital versions. We can go to the gym or take walks without phones. If we desire to navigate our challenging times, we must find ways to preserve the space between stimulus (刺激) and response, which is to say we must find ways to preserve our humanity.
A. But the external matters too.
B. But you often regret reacting.
C. I’ve experienced this firsthand.
D. There are no silver bullet solutions.
E. I have figured out how to deal with this.
F. On the one hand, reacting is crucial for our humanity.
G. Responding, related to responsibility, is considerate.
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Harland “Colonel” Sanders was born in 1890. He was left to be the only ____21____ of the house at a young age when his father died, leaving him with a mother and two younger sisters.
By the age of 7, he had started ____22____ and soon after, he was working several odd jobs.
At the age of 40, he had ____23____ the perfect fried chicken recipe and had even opened a restaurant to ____24____ the high demand for his food. As he was perfecting his chicken, he was ____25____ by a pressure cooker (压力锅) salesman who ____26____ Sanders to invest in his product to help speed along his cooking process. Sanders ____27____ buying 12 pressure cookers, and then he was ready to sell a lot of chicken.
At the age of 60, Colonel Sanders decided to ____28____, but because he was not content with ____29____ of his $105 social security checks, he decided to franchise (给予特许经销权) his chicken.
He started traveling to different restaurants, cooking his fried chicken at the spot for restaurant owners. If the owners liked the chicken, they would be sold the ____30____. However, Colonel Sanders got ____31____ 1,009 times before he made his first sale.
____32____, Colonel Sanders had 600 franchises selling his ____33____ trademark chicken. In 1976, the Colonel was ____34____ as the world’s second most ____35____ celebrity.
21.
A. man B. son C. orphan D. child
22.
A. selling B. learning C. cooking D. experimenting
23.
A. mastered B. adjusted C. adopted D. bought
24.
A. expand B. service C. require D. generate
25.
A. cheated B. perceived C. inquired D. approached
26.
A. educated B. commanded C. convinced D. promised
27.
A. appealed to B. ended up C. subscribed to D. committed to
28.
A. escape B. advance C. retire D. challenge
29.
A. living off B. leaving out C. settling down D. carrying on
30.
A. store B. label C. concept D. recipe
31.
A. detected B. defeated C. assessed D. rejected
32.
A. Potentially B. Ultimately C. Substantially D. Entirely
33.
A. fortune B. unique C. diverse D. identical
34.
A. linked B. praised C. ranked D. posed
35.
A. generous B. stubborn C. reserved D. recognizable
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Comfortably numb, Sichuan peppers can do the surprising thing to you.
From its English name, obviously the pepper is essential to the deliciously complex cuisine of Sichuan. The pepper, together with dried chillies, ____36____ (form) the flavour known as mala, a term ____37____ (comprise) of the characters for “numbing” and “spicy”.
Anyone who has had the eye-watering, nose-running pleasure of eating Feitengyu—sliced fish in a sea of ____38____ (boil) , peppery chilli oil—knows this sensation.
In the West, kungpao dishes, ____39____ Sichuan speciality, tend to be oversweetened; the real version sings, the thrilling pepper set off by the rich flavor of black vinegar.
Less ____40____ (tradition) , dry-fried and then crushed with salt, Sichuan pepper can be a nice topping for popcorn.
Toasted and mixed with cumin (孜然) and fennel (茴香) seeds, dried chillies, anise (八角) , sugar and salt, ____41____ makes a spice rub that enriches stir-fried potatoes.
A few peppercorns go a long way. Just as inexperienced barbecue ____42____ (cook) often light so much wood that they burn their meat black, pepper novices (新手) risk making diners’ heads tremble for hours.
Yet even when ____43____ (use) in moderation, they remain a divisive ingredient. Critics wonder ____44____ someone would want to numb their mouths while eating.
There is no answer, really no disputing tastes, _____45_____ the old saying goes.
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
46. 假如你叫辛灵美，是厚德中学学生会主席。最近校园内流感盛行，师生深受其扰。请你向知名健康专家Mr. Health写信，内容包括：
1.学校流感现状及影响；
2.向专家寻求建议。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
参考词汇：学生会主席 President of the Student Union
流行性感冒 influenza
Dear Mr. Health,
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Xin Lingmei
第二节（满分25分）
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
As I was packing up, I noticed my colleague had left his laptop bag in my office. Since he was already home, I decided to bring it to him. It was 4:30 p. m. The snow wasn’t supposed to start until later according to the previous warning, but just to be safe, I decided to use the country roads near his home instead of the highway, which could fast become a skating rink (滑冰场).
After I dropped off the laptop case and got right back on the road, the snow started. Within minutes I was in a whiteout. I rolled down my window, thinking I could follow the edge of the road and keep to a straight line. But really, I hadn’t a clue where I was or even which side of the road I was on. I had to stop because I was afraid of driving into a farmer’s field, or worse. I called 911, only to be told that nobody was coming to get me until morning at the earliest.
Those seconds after the call were the worst of my life. Getting out to walk in a whiteout and high winds when it was -10°C wasn’t an option. So I texted my colleague whose laptop bag I had just returned. I joked about my good deed ending in disaster. But he had an idea. “Pin your location on Google Maps and send it to me,” he said.
I did, and soon he texted me back a screenshot of the satellite view of where I was. We figured out that I was on a road in between two farms. I posted this new information to my Facebook community group, pleading (恳求) for anyone who knew someone living here to help me get rescued.
Soon enough, people started responding on my post. I got a message from someone who was going to put me in touch with the family living there. At 8 p. m., my mobile phone rang. It was the son of the farmer who owned the land beside the road I was stranded (使滞留) on. He told me that his dad was coming to get me!
Then, about 45 minutes later, I saw a tall figure walking toward me in the dark, carrying a flashlight.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
As his wife treated me to hot drinks, André went into the storm again and brought back another two families stranded on the road.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
1-5 ABACC 6-10 BCAAB 11-15 CBAAC 16-20 ABCBA华中师大一附中2023—2024学年度上学期高二期末检测
英 语 试 题
试卷满分：150分 考试时间：120分钟
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt
A. 19.15. B. 9.18. C. 9.15.
答案是C。
1. What are the speakers
A. Students. B. Teachers. C. Officials.
2. How does the woman feel
A. Pleased. B. Surprised. C. Grateful.
3. What happened to Larry last night
A. Falling into water. B. Not finding his hotel. C. Being caught in the rain.
4. What are the speakers probably talking about
A. A movie. B. A concert. C. An opera.
5. When does the second show start
A. At 7:00. B. At 9:00. C. At 9:10.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. How will the speakers go downtown
A. By bike. B. By bus. C. By taxi.
7. What is the woman going to do
A. Withdraw some money. B. Charge her phone. C. Check the bus routes.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8. Where probably are the speakers
A. In a café. B. In a flower shop. C. In a clothing store.
9. What gift will Alice give to her mother on Mother’s Day
A. A card. B. A scarf. C. A bunch of flowers.
10. What does the man think of Alice’s last suggestion
A. Just so-so. B. Quite satisfactory. C. A bit disappointing.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11. What job does the woman apply for
A. Cooking meals. B. Doing housework. C. Looking after kids.
12. How many hours will the woman work a week
A. 10 hours. B. 25 hours. C. 40 hours.
13. What can we learn about the woman from the conversation
A. The man is satisfied with her.
B. She has several children to raise.
C. She will get other benefits besides pay.
听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。
14. What will Edward be responsible for
A. Organizing the musicians.
B. Sending out the invitations.
C. Doing online marketing tasks.
15. What is the woman going to do first
A. Draw the posters. B. Make the guest list. C. Design the invitations.
16. Who will be in charge of making the room reservations
A. Nancy. B. John. C. Tim.
17. Where is Nancy now
A. In a hotel. B. On a train. C. In the hospital.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18. What’s the main reason for students starting businesses
A. To realize their career potential.
B. To meet the need of making money.
C. To gain better development chances.
19. How many students learn business-starting from student organizations
A. 22.58%. B. 17.15%. C. 28.32%.
20 Why do 32.5% of the students choose to stick in big cities
A. To seize the opportunities.
B. To see the rapid growth there.
C. To enjoy the convenient traffic.
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文， 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Best U. S. National Parks for 2023
Today, 63 national parks in the U. S. draw millions of visitors a year to witness jaw-dropping natural wonders. To determine the best national parks, we considered the opinions of both travel experts and recent visitors. Do you have a favorite park Cast your vote below.
#1 Glacier National Park
Glacier National Park is called the “Crown of the Continent” for its breathtaking beauty. A favorite spot among hikers, it features a variety of trails for all levels, ranging from the easy Trail of the Cedars to the challenging Grinnell Glacier. Besides, the park boasts numerous lakes and two mountain ranges, sheltering a variety of wildlife.
#2 Grand Canyon National Park
Measuring approximately 277 river miles in length, up to 18 miles wide and a mile deep, this canyon is truly a natural wonder. As a UNESCO World Heritage Site, the Grand Canyon always leaves its visitors impressed. But if you’re seeking an escape to Mother Nature, be prepared: The Grand Canyon can be very crowded.
#3 Yellowstone National Park
With dramatic peaks and pure lakes, Yellowstone National Park is an outdoor enthusiast’s paradise. Multicolored pools, hot springs, stretching meadows, and steaming geysers (间歇泉). While you cross its 3,000-plus square miles of mountains, geysers and waterfalls, be prepared to share the trails with residents like buffalo (水牛).
#4 Yosemite National Park
Enjoying extraordinary landscapes, Yosemite National Park features towering waterfalls, millennia-old sequoia trees (红杉树), striking cliffs and unique rock formations. Most tourist activities take place within the Yosemite Valley. Here you’ll find the park’s most famous landmarks—Half Dome and El Capitan—as well as excellent hiking trails.
1. What can you do in Yellowstone National Park
A. Appreciate waterfalls. B. Join wildlife preservation.
C. Camp at mountain peaks. D. Swim in colorful pools.
2. Which park might appeal to wildlife enthusiasts
A. Yosemite National Park and Glacier National Park.
B. Glacier National Park and Yellowstone National Park.
C. Yosemite National Park and Yellowstone National Park.
D. Grand Canyon National Park and Glacier National Park.
3. Where can you probably find this passage
A. In a research paper. B. On a tourist website.
C. In an ecology journal. D. In an instruction book.
【答案】1. A 2. B 3. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个国家公园的情况。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“While you cross its 3,000-plus square miles of mountains, geysers and waterfalls, be prepared to share the trails with residents like buffalo (水牛). (当你穿越3000多平方英里的山脉、间歇泉和瀑布时，准备好与水牛等居民分享这些小径。)”可知，在黄石国家公园你可以欣赏瀑布。故选A。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Besides, the park boasts numerous lakes and two mountain ranges, sheltering a variety of wildlife. (此外，公园还拥有众多湖泊和两座山脉，为各种野生动物提供了庇护。)”以及倒数第二段“While you cross its 3,000-plus square miles of mountains, geysers and waterfalls, be prepared to share the trails with residents like buffalo (水牛). (当你穿越3000多平方英里的山脉、间歇泉和瀑布时，准备好与水牛等居民分享这些小径。)”可知，冰川国家公园和黄石国家公园会吸引野生动物爱好者。故选B。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Today, 63 national parks in the U. S. draw millions of visitors a year to witness jaw-dropping natural wonders. To determine the best national parks, we considered the opinions of both travel experts and recent visitors. Do you have a favorite park Cast your vote below. (今天，美国63个国家公园每年吸引数百万游客来见证令人瞠目结舌的自然奇观。为了确定最好的国家公园，我们考虑了旅游专家和最近游客的意见。你有最喜欢的公园吗？请在下面投票。)”结合文章主要介绍了四个国家公园的情况。可推知，文章选自旅游网站。故选B。
B
The lunch in the back room of a dull Moscow restaurant consisted of small bites of food and large shots of vodka. Musk had arrived that morning with Adeo Ressi and Jim Cantrell on their search to buy a used Russian rocket for their mission to Mars. After many toasts to friendship, the Russians gave the Americans gifts of vodka bottles with labels that had each person’s image. Musk, who was holding his head up with his hand, passed out, and his head slammed into the table.
That evening, slightly recovered, Musk and his companions met with another group in Moscow selling used missiles. That encounter turned out to be equally odd. The Russian in charge was missing a front tooth, so whenever he spoke loudly, which was often, spit would fly out in Musk’s direction. At one point, when Musk started his talk about the need to make humans multiplanetary (多行星), Cantrell recalls, the Russian spit at them. “Did he just spit on us ” Musk asked, eyes wide open. “Yeah, he did,” Cantrell answered. “I think it’s a sign of disrespect.”
Despite the clown show, Musk and Cantrell decided to return to Russia in early 2002. Ressi didn’t come, but Justine did. This time Musk focused on buying two Dnepr rockets, which were old missiles. The more he negotiated, the higher the price went. He finally thought he had a deal to pay $18 million for two Dneprs. But then they said no, it was $18 million for each. “That’s insane!” he says. The Russians then suggested maybe it would be $21 million each. “They taunted him,” Cantrell recalls. “They said, ‘Oh, little boy, you don’t have the money ’”
It was fortunate that the meetings went badly. It drove Musk to think bigger. Rather than merely using a secondhand rocket to put a demonstration greenhouse on Mars, he would attempt one of the most audacious (大胆的) projects of our times: privately building rockets that could launch satellites and then humans into orbit and eventually send them to Mars and beyond.
4. What happened during the lunch in the Moscow restaurant
A. Musk got seriously drunk. B. Musk bought a used rocket.
C. Musk was hit on the head. D. Musk made lots of friends.
5. How did Musk react when the Russian spat at him
A. Embarrassed. B. Shocked. C. Anxious. D. Ashamed.
6. What does the underlined word “taunt” mean
A. Try to annoy. B. Try to inspire. C. Try to amuse. D. Try to disappoint.
7. What lesson can you learn from this passage
A. Money can’t buy everything. B. Constant dripping wears away a stone.
C. Repetition plays a critical role in success. D. Frustration can sometimes be a stepping stone.
【答案】4. A 5. B 6. A 7. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了马斯克带着阿迪奥·雷西和吉姆·坎特雷尔来到莫斯科，为他们的火星任务寻找一枚二手俄罗斯火箭。结果会面都很糟糕，却促使马斯克理想远大，想要尝试私人建造火箭项目。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“After many toasts to friendship, the Russians gave the Americans gifts of vodka bottles with labels that had each person’s image. Musk, who was holding his head up with his hand, passed out, and his head slammed into the table.(在多次为友谊干杯之后，俄罗斯人送给美国人的礼物是伏特加酒瓶，酒瓶上印有每个人的头像。用手抬着头的马斯克昏了过去，头撞到了桌子上)”可知，在莫斯科餐厅吃午饭时，马斯克喝得很醉。故选A。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“At one point, when Musk started his talk about the need to make humans multiplanetary(多行星), Cantrell recalls, the Russian spit at them. “Did he just spit on us ” Musk asked, eyes wide open. “Yeah, he did,” Cantrell answered. “I think it’s a sign of disrespect.”(坎特雷尔回忆说，有一次，当马斯克开始谈论让人类进入多星球的必要性时，俄罗斯人对他们吐了口唾沫。“他刚才是不是朝我们吐口水了？”马斯克睁大眼睛问道。“是的，他吐了，”坎特雷尔回答。“我认为这是不尊重的表现。”)”可知，当俄罗斯人向马斯克吐口水时，马斯克感到震惊。故选B。
【6题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“They said, ‘Oh, little boy, you don’t have the money ’(他们说，‘哦，小男孩，你没钱吗？’)”可知，这群人说“小男孩，你没钱吗？”是为了试图惹恼马斯克。故划线词意思是“试图惹恼”。故选A。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文，并根据最后一段“It was fortunate that the meetings went badly. It drove Musk to think bigger. Rather than merely using a secondhand rocket to put a demonstration greenhouse on Mars, he would attempt one of the most audacious(大胆的) projects of our times: privately building rockets that could launch satellites and then humans into orbit and eventually send them to Mars and beyond.(幸运的是，会面很糟糕。这促使马斯克想得更大。他并不是仅仅用一枚二手火箭在火星上建造一个示范温室，而是要尝试我们这个时代最大胆的项目之一：私人建造火箭，将卫星和人类送入轨道，最终将他们送到火星和更远的地方)”可知，文章主要讲述了马斯克带着阿迪奥·雷西和吉姆·坎特雷尔来到莫斯科，为他们的火星任务寻找一枚二手俄罗斯火箭。结果会面都很糟糕，却促使马斯克理想远大，想要尝试私人建造火箭项目。由此推知，文章告诉我们挫折有时是垫脚石。故选D。
C
This past year an issue has been bothering me. It’s the way scientists talk.
This is not a new concern. Many years ago science writer Susan Hassol and atmospheric scientist Richard Somerville wrote a humorous but serious piece about how the terms that climate scientists use mean one thing to them but often something very different to others. In the climate system, for example, “positive feedback” refers to amplifying (放大) feedback loops (循环), such as the ice-albedo feedback. (“Albedo,” basically means “reflectivity.”)The loop develops when global warming causes Arctic ice to melt, exposing water that is darker and reflects less of the sun’s warming rays, which leads to more warming, which leads to more melting ... and so on. In the climate system, this positive feedback is a bad thing. But for most, it brings to mind comforting images, such as receiving praise from your boss.
Hassol and Somerville call this “speaking in code.” Codes, of course, are not intended for outsiders, but some scientific language is mysterious even to many insiders.
Studies show that strange terms, in fact, confuse people and make them feel excluded (排除在外的). One study showed that even when participants were given definitions for the terms being used, materials full of technical terms made them less likely to identify with the scientific community and decreased their overall interest in the subject. In plain words: terms turn people off.
Of course, technical terms used in regulatory contexts may be hard to change for legal reasons. But if scientists could explain in a more accessible way, it would help us understand their claims and better appreciate their work.
8. What has bothered the author recently
A. The latest scientific research. B. The manner scientists behave.
C. The speeches delivered by scientists. D. The terms employed by scientists.
9. What leads to the development of the loop in “ice-albedo feedback”
A. Changeable temperature. B. Lower reflectivity of water.
C. The expansion of Arctic ice. D. The decrease in the sun’s warming rays.
10. Why do Hassol and Somerville describe scientific language as “code”
A. Because it is intended for daily use. B. Because only experts can understand it.
C. Because it rarely gets across to outsiders. D. Because they want to make the language mysterious.
11. Which of the following is the best title for the text
A. Scientists: Please Speak Plainly B. Insiders: Be Friendly to the Public
C. Turn People off with Technical Terms D. Get More Engaged in the Scientific World
【答案】8. D 9. B 10. C 11. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了作者因为科学家使用术语而感到困扰，而这并不是一个新问题。研究表明，奇怪的术语实际上会让人们感到困惑，让他们感到被排斥。作者建议科学家使用更简单理解的语言，好让人们能够更欣赏他们的工作。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“This past year an issue has been bothering me. It’s the way scientists talk.(在过去的一年里，一个问题一直困扰着我。这是科学家说话的方式)”以及第二段“This is not a new concern. Many years ago science writer Susan Hassol and atmospheric scientist Richard Somerville wrote a humorous but serious piece about how the terms that climate scientists use mean one thing to them but often something very different to others.(这并不是一个新问题。许多年前，科学作家苏珊·哈索尔和大气科学家理查德·萨默维尔写了一篇幽默而严肃的文章，讲述了气候科学家使用的术语对他们来说是一回事，但对其他人来说往往是截然不同的)”可知，最近困扰作者的是科学家使用的术语。故选D。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“In the climate system, for example, “positive feedback” refers to amplifying (放大) feedback loops (循环), such as the ice-albedo feedback. (“Albedo,” basically means “reflectivity.”)The loop develops when global warming causes Arctic ice to melt, exposing water that is darker and reflects less of the sun’s warming rays, which leads to more warming, which leads to more melting ... and so on.(例如，在气候系统中，“正反馈”指的是放大反馈回路，如冰反照率反馈。（“反照率”基本上就是“反射率”的意思）当全球变暖导致北极冰层融化时，这种循环就会形成，暴露出更暗的水，反射更少的太阳暖化射线，这导致更暖化，导致更多的融化……等等)”可知，水的反射率较低导致了“冰反照率反馈”环路的发展。故选B。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“Hassol and Somerville call this “speaking in code.” Codes, of course, are not intended for outsiders, but some scientific language is mysterious even to many insiders.(Hassol和Somerville称之为“用密码说话”。当然，代码不是为外人设计的，但有些科学语言甚至对许多业内人士来说都是神秘的)”可知，Hassol和Somerville将科学语言描述为“代码”因为外人很难理解。故选C。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据最后一段“But if scientists could explain in a more accessible way, it would help us understand their claims and better appreciate their work. (但如果科学家能以一种更容易理解方式解释，将有助于我们理解他们的主张，更好地欣赏他们的工作)”结合文章主要说明了作者因为科学家使用术语而感到困扰，而这并不是一个新问题。研究表明，奇怪的术语实际上会让人们感到困惑，让他们感到被排斥。作者建议科学家使用更简单理解的语言，好让人们能够更欣赏他们的工作。由此可知，A选项“科学家：请直言不讳”最符合文章标题。故选A。
D
The attendance of accident and emergency department(A&E) is variable. We used to joke that Monday was the busiest day of the week. But some people argued that Sunday, and even Tuesday, were also very busy.
In the business sector, it is well known that Monday has an effect on trading volume: Monday has a lower volume than other weekdays. In the medical field, Watson mentioned that more people had heart attacks on Monday morning — the so-called “Black Monday Syndrome”. In fact, “Monday Syndrome” is variably defined in the literature to mean different things to different people: from occupational disease to increase in injury, etc. When these effects are grouped together and viewed from the macroscopic (宏观的) perspective, it could translate into an increase in demand of the healthcare service on Monday. If it can be shown that this pattern of service demand is reproducible in our local setting, then measures can be taken to redistribute resources to appeal to the uneven demand during the week.
The present study employed existing data obtained from the computer system of the A&E department of a regional hospital with a daily attendance of about 300 per day. The daily attendance from April to June 2010 was grouped in days of the week, in order to find out whether the attendance on Monday was different from the rest of the week. Main measuring variables were the mean (平均的) attendance data of different days of the week. Standard deviation (偏差) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of the means were calculated and compared. Lastly, mean attendance of Monday was compared to that of non-Mondays. Careful inspection of the data showed that Monday was the busiest day of the week (Figure 1) — it had significantly higher attendance than Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday and Sunday (p<0.05). Monday was also busier than Tuesday, although this is statistically unconvincing.
For Q2 2010, Monday has 12% more attendance than other weekdays. Administrative measures to limit the “predictable” service demand should be taken to avoid overcrowding and long waiting-time on Monday.
Figure 1. Mean attendance Monday through Sunday (Q2 2010), with 95% CI (Attendance of Monday is different from that of Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday and Sunday at the 0.05 level).
12. What most probably happens on Monday according to paragraph 2
A. Jane has classes energetically. B. Sean earns a substantial sum of money.
C. Dr. Mike bursts out infectious laughter. D. Our English Teacher gets a sore throat.
13. What can we learn from the third paragraph
A. The second quarter data of 2010 was used.
B. The daily attendance was generated nationwide.
C. It was computer scientists that provided the data.
D. Monday and Tuesday attendances differed significantly.
14. What is the writer’s purpose of using the graph
A. To clarify a concept. B. To compare statistics.
C. To stir up a debate. D. To introduce a research method.
15. How is the research conducted
A. By doing experiments. B. By making questionnaires.
C. By interviewing the subjects of the study. D. By employing statistical and mathematical models.
【答案】12. D 13. A 14. B 15. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要论述了急诊科（A&E）的出勤率是可变的，并且通过数据统计和图表对比来说明存在“黑色星期一综合症”。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“In fact, “Monday Syndrome” is variably defined in the literature to mean different things to different people: from occupational disease to increase in injury, etc.(事实上，“周一综合症”在文献中有不同的定义，对不同的人意味着不同的东西：从职业病到伤害增加等等)”可知，周一最有可能发生英语老师喉咙痛。故选D。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“The daily attendance from April to June 2010 was grouped in days of the week, in order to find out whether the attendance on Monday was different from the rest of the week.(将2010年4月至6月的每日出勤率按一周的天数分组，以确定周一的出勤率是否与一周其他时间的出勤率不同)”可知，使用的是2010年第二季度的数据。故选A。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“Careful inspection of the data showed that Monday was the busiest day of the week (Figure 1) — it had significantly higher attendance than Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday and Sunday (p<0.05). Monday was also busier than Tuesday, although this is statistically unconvincing.(仔细检查数据发现，周一是一周中最繁忙的一天（图1），它的出勤率明显高于周三，周四，周五，周六和周日（p<0.05）。周一也比周二更忙，尽管这在统计上没有说服力)”可推知，作者使用图表的目的是比较统计数据。故选B。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“Main measuring variables were the mean (平均的) attendance data of different days of the week. Standard deviation (偏差) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of the means were calculated and compared. Lastly, mean attendance of Monday was compared to that of non-Mondays. Careful inspection of the data showed that Monday was the busiest day of the week (Figure 1)—it had significantly higher attendance than Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday and Sunday (p<0.05). Monday was also busier than Tuesday, although this is statistically unconvincing.(主要测量变量为每周不同天数的平均出勤率数据。计算并比较平均值的标准差和95%置信区间。最后，将周一的平均出勤率与非周一的平均出勤率进行比较。仔细检查数据发现，周一是一周中最繁忙的一天（图1），它的出勤率明显高于周三，周四，周五，周六和周日（p<0.05）。周一也比周二更忙，尽管这在统计上没有说服力)”以及最后一段“Figure 1. Mean attendance Monday through Sunday(Q2 2010), with 95% CI(Attendance of Monday is different from that of Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday and Sunday at the 0.05 level).(图1所示。周一至周日的平均出勤率（2010年第二季度），95% CI（周一的出勤率与周三、周四、周五、周六和周日的出勤率在0.05水平上不同）)”可推知，研究是通过采用统计和数学模型进行的。故选D。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填人空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
When faced with change, most people go down one of two roads: They either respond or react. ____16____ Reacting, on the other hand, literally means to meet one action with another. It’s instant. Responding creates more space between an event and what you do about it. In that space, you give immediate emotions room to breathe and you gain a better understanding of what is happening. Consequently, you rarely regret responding. ____17____
There is plenty you can do internally to cultivate responsiveness. For instance, “affect labeling”, or naming your emotions, helps create space between you and a difficult situation. Meditation (冥想) is also beneficial. ____18____ You can do all the affect labeling and meditation in the world. Yet if you regularly inhabit reactive environments, it’s hard not to become more reactive.
____19____ When I spend too much time on social media, I’m more likely to roar at my children, feel restless, and my competence in thinking deeply worsens significantly. Yet I’m becoming increasingly concerned that it’s not just me, but our entire culture that is making us more reactive at a time when we need our humanity more than ever.
____20____ But distinctly naming the problem is an important first step. We can also reduce reactivity by intentionally creating more responsive environments. We can read print books instead of digital versions. We can go to the gym or take walks without phones. If we desire to navigate our challenging times, we must find ways to preserve the space between stimulus (刺激) and response, which is to say we must find ways to preserve our humanity.
A. But the external matters too.
B. But you often regret reacting.
C. I’ve experienced this firsthand.
D. There are no silver bullet solutions.
E. I have figured out how to deal with this.
F. On the one hand, reacting is crucial for our humanity.
G. Responding, related to responsibility, is considerate.
【答案】16. G 17. B 18. A 19. C 20. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要解释了面对改变，反应和回应两种选择的定义以及各自的影响。
【16题详解】
根据上文“When faced with change, most people go down one of two roads: They either respond or react.(面对变化，大多数人会选择两条路中的一条：要么回应，要么反应)”以及后文“Reacting, on the other hand, literally means to meet one action with another.(另一方面，反应的字面意思是用一个动作来应对另一个动作)”可知，后文提到了反应的定义，那么本句是在说明面对变化，选择回应。故G选项“回应，与责任有关，是体贴的”符合语境，故选G。
【17题详解】
根据上文“Reacting, on the other hand, literally means to meet one action with another. It’s instant. Responding creates more space between an event and what you do about it. In that space, you give immediate emotions room to breathe and you gain a better understanding of what is happening. Consequently, you rarely regret responding.(另一方面，反应的字面意思是用一个动作来应对另一个动作。这是即时的。回应在事件和你所做的事情之间创造了更多的空间。在这个空间里，你给了即时情绪呼吸的空间，你对正在发生的事情有了更好的理解。因此，你很少后悔回应)”可知，上文提到了回应和反应，且提到很少后悔回应，推测本句是在说明会后悔反应。故B选项“但是你经常后悔反应”符合语境，故选B。
【18题详解】
根据后文“You can do all the affect labeling and meditation in the world. Yet if you regularly inhabit reactive environments, it’s hard not to become more reactive.(你可以做世界上所有的影响标签和冥想。然而，如果你经常生活在反应性的环境中，就很难不变得更加反应性)”可知，后文提到经常生活在反应性的环境中，就很难不变得更加反应性，说明了外部因素的重要性。故A选项“但外部因素也很重要”符合语境，故选A。
【19题详解】
根据本段内容“When I spend too much time on social media, I’m more likely to roar at my children, feel restless, and my competence in thinking deeply worsens significantly. Yet I’m becoming increasingly concerned that it’s not just me, but our entire culture that is making us more reactive at a time when we need our humanity more than ever.(当我花太多时间在社交媒体上时，我更有可能对我的孩子大吼大叫，感到不安，我的思考能力也会显著下降。然而，我越来越担心，在我们比以往任何时候都更需要人性的时候，不仅仅是我，而是我们的整个文化，让我们变得更加被动)”可知，本段主要叙述了作者关于反应的亲身经历。故C选项“我有过亲身经历”符合语境，故选C。
【20题详解】
根据后文“But distinctly naming the problem is an important first step. We can also reduce reactivity by intentionally creating more responsive environments. We can read print books instead of digital versions. We can go to the gym or take walks without phones. If we desire to navigate our challenging times, we must find ways to preserve the space between stimulus (刺激) and response, which is to say we must find ways to preserve our humanity.(但明确指出问题所在是重要的第一步。我们也可以通过有意识地创造更敏感的环境来减少反应性。我们可以读纸质书而不是电子版。我们可以不带手机去健身房或散步。如果我们想在这个充满挑战的时代中生存下去，我们就必须设法保持刺激和反应之间的空间，也就是说，我们必须设法保持我们的人性)”可知，后文主要说明了应对反应的方法，且强调了步骤，故本句总起全段，指出没有可以应对这个问题的灵丹妙药。故D选项“没有灵丹妙药”符合语境，故选D。
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Harland “Colonel” Sanders was born in 1890. He was left to be the only ____21____ of the house at a young age when his father died leaving him with a mother and two younger sisters.
By the age of 7, he had started ____22____ and soon after, he was working several odd jobs.
At the age of 40, he had ____23____ the perfect fried chicken recipe and had even opened a restaurant to ____24____ the high demand for his food. As he was perfecting his chicken, he was ____25____ by a pressure cooker (压力锅) salesman who ____26____ Sanders to invest in his product to help speed along his cooking process. Sanders ____27____ buying 12 pressure cookers, and then he was ready to sell a lot of chicken.
At the age of 60, Colonel Sanders decided to ____28____, but because he was not content with ____29____ of his $105 social security checks, he decided to franchise (给予特许经销权) his chicken.
He started traveling to different restaurants, cooking his fried chicken at the spot for restaurant owners. If the owners liked the chicken, they would be sold the ____30____. However, Colonel Sanders got ____31____ 1,009 times before he made his first sale.
____32____, Colonel Sanders had 600 franchises selling his ____33____ trademark chicken. In 1976, the Colonel was ____34____ as the world’s second most ____35____ celebrity.
21.
A. man B. son C. orphan D. child
22.
A. selling B. learning C. cooking D. experimenting
23.
A. mastered B. adjusted C. adopted D. bought
24.
A. expand B. service C. require D. generate
25.
A. cheated B. perceived C. inquired D. approached
26.
A. educated B. commanded C. convinced D. promised
27.
A. appealed to B. ended up C. subscribed to D. committed to
28.
A. escape B. advance C. retire D. challenge
29.
A. living off B. leaving out C. settling down D. carrying on
30.
A. store B. label C. concept D. recipe
31.
A. detected B. defeated C. assessed D. rejected
32.
A. Potentially B. Ultimately C. Substantially D. Entirely
33.
A. fortune B. unique C. diverse D. identical
34.
A. linked B. praised C. ranked D. posed
35.
A. generous B. stubborn C. reserved D. recognizable
【答案】21. A 22. C 23. A 24. B 25. D 26. C 27. B 28. C 29. A 30. D 31. D 32. B 33. B 34. C 35. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Colonel Sanders依靠出售自己的炸鸡配方，而成为世界知名度第二高的名人的故事。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他很小的时候父亲就去世了，留下他一个母亲和两个妹妹，剩下他一个男人在家里。A. man男人；B. son儿子；C. orphan孤儿；D. child孩子。根据后文“when his father died, leaving him with a mother and two younger sisters”可知，他是家里唯一的男人，故选A。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：7岁时，他开始做饭，不久之后，他打了几份零工。A. selling出售；B. learning学习；C. cooking烹饪；D. experimenting实验。根据后文“the perfect fried chicken recipe”可知，他七岁时开始做饭，故选C。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在40岁的时候，他已经掌握了完美的炸鸡配方，甚至开了一家餐馆来满足对他的食物的高需求。A. mastered掌握；B. adjusted调整；C. adopted采用；D. bought购买。根据后文“the perfect fried chicken recipe”指他掌握了完美的炸鸡配方，故选A。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在40岁的时候，他已经掌握了完美的炸鸡配方，甚至开了一家餐馆来满足对他的食物的高需求。A. expand扩大；B. service提供服务，维修；C. require需要；D. generate产生。根据后文“the high demand for his food”可知，开店的目的是为了满足大量需求，此处service表示提供服务，满足。故选B。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当他正在完善他的鸡肉时，一个压力锅推销员找到他，说服桑德斯投资他的产品，以帮助他加快烹饪过程。A. cheated欺骗；B. perceived感知；C. inquired询问；D. approached接洽，靠近。根据后文“by a pressure cooker salesman”指推销员和他接洽压力锅的事情，故选D。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当他正在完善他的鸡肉时，一个压力锅推销员找到他，说服桑德斯投资他的产品，以帮助他加快烹饪过程。A. educated教育；B. commanded命令；C. convinced说服；D. promised承诺。根据后文“Sanders to invest in his product to help speed along his cooking process”可知，推销员说服桑德斯投资他的产品，以帮助他加快烹饪过程。故选C。
【27题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：桑德斯最终买了12个高压锅，然后他准备卖很多鸡肉。A. appealed to吸引；B. ended up结束；C. subscribed to订阅；D. committed to致力于。根据后文“buying 12 pressure cookers”可知，桑德斯最后买了12个高压锅，短语end up doing sth.。故选B。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：60岁时，桑德斯决定退休，但因为他不满足于靠105美元的社会保障支票生活，他决定特许经营他的鸡。A. escape逃走；B. advance前进；C. retire退休；D. challenge挑战。根据后文“He started traveling to different restaurants, cooking his fried chicken at the spot for restaurant owners.(他开始去不同的餐馆，在那里为餐馆老板做炸鸡)”指桑德斯决定退休，开始去不同的餐馆做炸鸡。故选C。
【29题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：60岁时，桑德斯上校决定退休，但因为他不满足于靠105美元的社会保障支票生活，他决定特许经营他的鸡。A. living off依赖；B. leaving out遗漏；C. settling down安定；D. carrying on继续。根据后文“of his $105 social security checks”指依靠105美元的社会保障支票生活，应用live off。故选A。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果店主喜欢这种炸鸡，就会把配方卖给他们。A. store商店；B. label标签；C. concept概念；D. recipe食谱。根据上文“he decided to franchise (给予特许经销权) his chicken.”以及后文“he made his first sale”可知，他想要出售自己的炸鸡配方。故选D。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，Colonel Sanders在完成第一笔交易之前被拒绝了1009次。A. detected检测；B. defeated打败；C. assessed评估；D. rejected拒绝。根据后文“1,009 times before he made his first sale”指桑德斯在完成第一笔交易之前被拒绝了1009次。故选D。
【32题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：最终，Colonel Sanders拥有了600家特许经营权，出售他独特的招牌鸡肉。A. Potentially可能地；B. Ultimately最后，最终；C. Substantially大量地；D. Entirely完全地。根据后文“Colonel Sanders had 600 franchises”可知，最终，桑德斯上校拥有了600家特许经营权，故选B。
【33题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：最终，Colonel Sanders拥有了600家特许经营权，出售他独特的招牌鸡肉。A. fortune幸运的；B. unique独特的；C. diverse多样的；D. identical相同的。根据上文“the perfect fried chicken recipe”可知，这种配方是他开发的，所以是独特的招牌鸡肉。故选B。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：1976年，Colonel被评为世界知名度第二高的名人。A. linked连接；B. praised赞美；C. ranked排名；D. posed形成。根据后文“as the world’s second”指排名第二，故选C。
【35题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：1976年，Colonel被评为世界知名度第二高的名人。A. generous慷慨的；B. stubborn固执的；C. reserved预订的；D. recognizable可辨认的。根据上文“as the world’s second most”可知，Colonel被评为世界知名度第二高的名人。故选D。
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Comfortably numb, Sichuan peppers can do the surprising thing to you.
From its English name, obviously the pepper is essential to the deliciously complex cuisine of Sichuan. The pepper, together with dried chillies, ____36____ (form) the flavour known as mala, a term ____37____ (comprise) of the characters for “numbing” and “spicy”.
Anyone who has had the eye-watering, nose-running pleasure of eating Feitengyu—sliced fish in a sea of ____38____ (boil) , peppery chilli oil—knows this sensation.
In the West, kungpao dishes, ____39____ Sichuan speciality, tend to be oversweetened; the real version sings, the thrilling pepper set off by the rich flavor of black vinegar.
Less ____40____ (tradition) , dry-fried and then crushed with salt, Sichuan pepper can be a nice topping for popcorn.
Toasted and mixed with cumin (孜然) and fennel (茴香) seeds, dried chillies, anise (八角) , sugar and salt, ____41____ makes a spice rub that enriches stir-fried potatoes.
A few peppercorns go a long way. Just as inexperienced barbecue ____42____ (cook) often light so much wood that they burn their meat black, pepper novices (新手) risk making diners’ heads tremble for hours.
Yet even when ____43____ (use) in moderation, they remain a divisive ingredient. Critics wonder ____44____ someone would want to numb their mouths while eating.
There is no answer, really no disputing tastes, _____45_____ the old saying goes.
【答案】36. forms
prised
38. boiling
39. a 40. traditionally
41. it 42. cooks
43. used 44. why
45. as
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了川菜中的麻辣风味是如何形成的。
【36题详解】
考查时态。句意：句意：这种辣椒和干辣椒一起形成了一种被称为麻辣的味道，这个词由“麻”和“辣”两个字组成。陈述事实用一般现在时，主语为pepper，谓语用三单形式。故填forms。
【37题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：这种辣椒和干辣椒一起形成了一种被称为麻辣的味道，这个词由“麻”和“辣”两个字组成。分析句子结构可知comprise与逻辑主语term构成被动关系，故用过去分词。故填comprised。
【38题详解】
考查形容词。句意：任何吃过水煮鱼（一道以沸腾辣椒油煮鱼为特色的菜肴）的人都知道这种感觉，辣得流泪、流鼻涕，却令人愉悦。修饰名词oil应用形容词boiling，故填boiling。
【39题详解】
考查冠词。句意：西方的宫保菜有四川特色，但要么过于甜腻要么淡而无味；而正宗的宫保菜鲜美独特，花椒的辛辣与黑醋的醇厚相得益彰。此处speciality为泛指，且Sichuan是发音以辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。
【40题详解】
考查副词。句意：与传统做法不同，花椒干炒然后加盐碾碎，花椒可作为爆米花的一种刺激调味料。修饰后文句子应用副词traditionally，故填traditionally。
【41题详解】
考查代词。句意：将烤过的花椒与孜然、茴香籽、干辣椒、八角、糖和盐混合，制成的混合调料可以提高炒土豆的口感。空处作主语，此处指上文的行为，应用代词it，故填it。
【42题详解】
考查名词的数。句意：就像没有经验的烧烤师傅烧多了柴火，导致肉糊掉一样，如果控制不好用量，花椒新手有可能会让食客头麻目晕数小时。此处表示厨师cook为可数名词，表示数量大于一应用复数形式。故填cooks。
【43题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，即使适度使用，它们仍然是一种具有争议性的食材。此处为状语从句的省略，分析句子结构可知use与逻辑主语they构成被动关系，故用过去分词，故填used。
【44题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：花椒厌恶者想不明白为什么有人吃饭时要麻醉自己的嘴巴。引导宾语从句，从句缺少原因状语，应用why。故填why。
【45题详解】
考查固定句型。句意：实际上，没有答案——正如谚语所说，萝卜白菜，各有所爱。表示“正如谚语所说”句型为as the old saying goes。故填as。
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
46. 假如你叫辛灵美，是厚德中学学生会主席。最近校园内流感盛行，师生深受其扰。请你向知名健康专家Mr. Health写信，内容包括：
1.学校流感现状及影响；
2.向专家寻求建议。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
参考词汇：学生会主席 President of the Student Union
流行性感冒 influenza
Dear Mr. Health,
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Xin Lingmei
【答案】Dear Mr. Health,
I am Li Hua, President of the Student Union in Grade Two in Houde High School. Regarding the current influenza in our school, I am writing to ask for your professional guidance and help.
Recently, a large number of students and teachers have been affected by the flu virus, exhibiting symptoms ranging from mild coughing, fever, vomiting to severe pneumonia. The teaching progress has been affected as some students and teachers have asked for leave. Besides, what concerns us most is the substantial decline of the overall quality of the students and teachers. In light of these circumstances, we would greatly appreciate it if you offer us guidance on enhancing the campus environment to minimize viral transmission risks.
We believe that with your expertise and support, we can better respond to the flu and protect the health of teachers and students. Looking forward to your reply.
Yours
Xin Linmei
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生假如叫辛灵美，是厚德中学学生会主席。最近校园内流感盛行，师生深受其扰。请你向知名健康专家Mr. Health写信。
【详解】1.词汇积累
影响：affect→influence
加强：enhance→strengthen
担心：concern→worry
此外：besides→in addition
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Regarding the current influenza in our school, I am writing to ask for your professional guidance and help.
拓展句：I am writing to ask for your professional guidance and help because there is the current influenza in our school.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Recently, a large number of students and teachers have been affected by the flu virus, exhibiting symptoms ranging from mild coughing, fever, vomiting to severe pneumonia. (运用了现在分词作状语)
[高分句型2] We believe that with your expertise and support, we can better respond to the flu and protect the health of teachers and students. (运用了that引导宾语从句)
第二节（满分25分）
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
As I was packing up, I noticed my colleague had left his laptop bag in my office. Since he was already home, I decided to bring it to him. It was 4:30 p. m. The snow wasn’t supposed to start until later according to the previous warning, but just to be safe, I decided to use the country roads near his home instead of the highway, which could fast become a skating rink (滑冰场).
After I dropped off the laptop case and got right back on the road, the snow started. Within minutes I was in a whiteout. I rolled down my window, thinking I could follow the edge of the road and keep to a straight line. But really, I hadn’t a clue where I was or even which side of the road I was on. I had to stop because I was afraid of driving into a farmer’s field, or worse. I called 911, only to be told that nobody was coming to get me until morning at the earliest.
Those seconds after the call were the worst of my life. Getting out to walk in a whiteout and high winds when it was -10°C wasn’t an option. So I texted my colleague whose laptop bag I had just returned. I joked about my good deed ending in disaster. But he had an idea. “Pin your location on Google Maps and send it to me,” he said.
I did, and soon he texted me back a screenshot of the satellite view of where I was. We figured out that I was on a road in between two farms. I posted this new information to my Facebook community group, pleading (恳求) for anyone who knew someone living here to help me get rescued.
Soon enough, people started responding on my post. I got a message from someone who was going to put me in touch with the family living there. At 8 p. m., my mobile phone rang. It was the son of the farmer who owned the land beside the road I was stranded (使滞留) on. He told me that his dad was coming to get me!
Then, about 45 minutes later, I saw a tall figure walking toward me in the dark, carrying a flashlight.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
As his wife treated me to hot drinks, André went into the storm again and brought back another two families stranded on the road.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】范文
Then, about 45 minutes later, I saw a tall figure in a yellow raincoat striding toward me in the dark, carrying a flashlight. How relieved I was to see him! It was André, who’d walked through the storm to find me, fighting the wind and snow each step of the way. He asked me to follow him in the car and told me with a steady voice that I would be OK. He turned around and started to trudge through the snow, sure of the direction. I drove slowly behind him, feeling my heart begin to beat more slowly. When we reached the house a few minutes later, I got out of the car and burst into tears, all my fears turning into relief and gratitude.
As his wife treated me to hot drinks and apple sauce, André went back out into the storm and brought back another two families stranded on the road. We all spent a warm night in a stranger’s house. The next morning, André cleared the snow from his driveway enough that we could all get out and drive home. The experience gave me a new perspective, letting me approach challenges and surprises with a sense of calm. It reminded me to always reach out and help others—both friends and strangers. But best of all, it brought André into my life. We’re still in touch, and I know we’ll be friends forever.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者在回家的路上遭遇了暴风雪，迷失了方向，只能停在路边。感到无助的作者在谷歌地图上分享了自己的位置，并在Facebook上发布了所在位置的截图，向熟悉该地区的人寻求帮助。很快，人们开始做出回应。最后André夫妇赶来救助了作者，作者十分感激。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“然后，大约45分钟后，我看到一个穿着黄色雨衣的高个子在黑暗中向我走来，手里拿着手电筒。”可知，第一段可描写作者被救助的过程以及感受。
②由第二段首句内容“当他的妻子请我喝热饮和苹果酱时，安德列尔又回到了暴风雨中，带回了另外两个被困在路上的家庭。”可知，第二段可描写作者到了对方家里以及最后脱困。
2.续写线索：找到作者——带作者回家——作者感谢——度过温暖的夜晚——作者感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
①保持联系：be in touch /stay in touch
②到达：reach/arrive
③面对：approach/face
情绪类
①感激：gratitude/appreciation
②惊喜：surprise/amazement
【点睛】[高分句型1] When we reached the house a few minutes later, I got out of the car and burst into tears, all my fears turning into relief and gratitude. (运用了when引导时间状语从句)
[高分句型2] The experience gave me a new perspective, letting me approach challenges and surprises with a sense of calm. (运用了现在分词作状语)
1-5 ABACC 6-10 BCAAB 11-15 CBAAC 16-20 ABCBA
