2024届高考高三英语复习—— 特殊句式和情景交际学案（含答案）

2024届高考高三英语复习—— 特殊句式和情景交际
1. 三年真题特殊句式和情景交际考点细目表
时间 卷次 语法填空/短文改错/单项选择
2023 年 新高考 I 卷 语法填空: /
新高考 II 卷 语法填空: /
全国甲卷 语法填空: / 短文改错： /
全国乙卷 语法填空: / 短文改错： /
北京卷 语法填空: seen 状语从句的省略
浙江卷 (1 月)语法填空: / (6 月)语法填空: /
天津卷 单项选择： /
2022 年 新高考 I 卷 语法填空: /
新高考 II 卷 语法填空: how +to do 作宾语
全国甲卷 语法填空: / 短文改错：
全国乙卷 语法填空: / 短文改错： /
北京卷 语法填空: /
浙江卷 (1 月)语法填空: / (6 月)语法填空: /
天津卷 单项选择： I can hardly thank you enough.表感谢 Don’t jump to conclusions 表不赞同
2021 年 新高考 I 卷 语法填空: /
新高考 II 卷 语法填空: /
全国甲卷 语法填空: / 短文改错： /
全国乙卷 语法填空: / 短文改错： hopes 改为 hope 祈使句
北京卷 语法填空: /
浙江卷 (1 月)语法填空: / (6 月)语法填空: /
天津卷 3 月： 1. Not quite 表否定回答 2.So far so good 表肯定回答 （第一次） 单项选择: / （第二次）单项选择: /
2. 命题规律及备考策略
【命题规律】
特殊句式和情景交际在历年全国卷高考中并非重点，但是特殊句式在阅读理解和完形填空的材料中出现的
频率比较高。情景交际通常在天津卷和听力中。
【备考策略】
1.掌握倒装的必备条件及倒装的具体应用。
2.熟知强调句的基本结构及其一般疑问句句式、特殊疑问句句式,注意其与结构相似的主从复合句的区别。
3.掌握省略的一些基本原则,并能正确使用。
4.掌握祈使句、感叹句的基本形式及用法。
【命题预测】
预计 2024 年特殊句式仍旧是会出现在阅读理解和完形填空的材料中且会以长难句的形式展现。情景交际则 会以单项选择和听力的形式出现。另外，倒装句在书面表达中属于高级句型，是写作高分作文的必备句型
之一。
(
考点一
特殊句式（倒装句
+
强调句
+
省略句
+
反义疑问句
+
祈使句
+there be
句型
+
感叹句）
)
一、倒装句
1）部分倒装
只把助动词/系动词/情态动词提到主语前面，叫部分倒装。主要包括：
1. only+副词/介词短语/状语从句置于句首。
例如： Only then did I realize the importance of English.
注意：
①在 only+状语从句+主句结构中，主句用倒装结构但从句用正常语序。
Only when you have finished your homework can you go to the cinema.
②only 修饰主语，不倒装。 Only Tom knows how to deal with the tough situation.
2. 否定词(短语)开头的句子：
表示否定意义的副词 never ，nor ，neither；
表示半否定意义的副词 hardly ，few ，seldom ，little；
含有 no 和 not 的词组 by no means(绝不) ，in no time(很快) ，at no time(在任何时候都不) ，not until ，not
only … but also... ，no sooner...than
(1) Never shall I believe you again.
(2) Little did he know who the woman was.
(3) Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.
3. 以 so 开头，用“so+助动词/情态动词/系动词+主语”表明前面叙述的肯定情况也适合于另一个人或物， 译作“也， 同样， 也如此”。表示前面叙述的否定情况也适合于另一个人或物， 用“neither/nor+助动词/情态动
词/系动词+主语” 。译作“也不是，也没有” 。例如：
The boy left home, and so did his sister a week later.
-I don’t think I can walk any further.
—Neither can I. Let’s stop for a rest.
注意：当 so 表示对前句内容的肯定、附和或进一步强调前面所说的情况，译作“的确，正是”时，用正
常语序。例如：
— Tom works hard.
— So he does and so do you.
4. 如果虚拟条件句的谓语含有 were，should，had，可以把 if 省略， 而将这三个词放于条件句主语前构
成倒装。
例如：
If there should be a flood，what would we do？→
Should there be a flood，what would we do？
5. 频度副词及短语 often，always，now and then，many a time，every other day 等放在句首时，
有时也倒装。
例如： Many a time has he come to comfort me.
6. 某些表示祝愿的句子也用倒装语序。
例如： May you succeed！
7.由 as 引导让步状语从句要用部分倒装或前置。句式为：表语/状语/动词原形＋as＋主语＋其他。
Clever as he is，he doesn’t study well.
虽然他很聪明，但他学习不好。 口
Child as he is， he knows a lot.
虽然他是个孩子，但他懂得不少事情。 口
Much as I like it，I won’t buy it.
虽然我非常喜欢它，但我不买。 口
Try as she might， she failed.
虽然她试过了，但还是失败了。 口
注意：表语前的名词无形容词修饰时冠词要省略
2）全部倒装
把谓语全部提到主语前面，叫全部倒装。全部倒装包括：
1. There be 句型：可以用在这类句型中的动词除 be 外，还可用 live，exist，remain，stand 等作谓语。
(1) There are many students in the classroom.
(2) Long long ago，there lived a king who loved horses very much.
2. 用于“here（there ，now ，then）+不及物动词+主语” 的句型中，或以 out ，in ，up ，down ，away 等副词开
头的句子里，以表示强调。
Here comes the bus.
Out went the children.
3. 由 then 引起，谓语为 come ，follow 的句子。例如：
(1) Then came a new difficulty.
(2) Then followed eight years of the Anti-Japanese War.
4. 当句首状语为表示地点的介词短语时，也常常引起全部倒装。例如：
In the middle of our school stands a high building.
5. 表语放在句首时，倒装结构为“表语+连系动词+主语” 。表语常为形容词、过去分词和介词短语。
(1) Gone are the days when they would do what they liked.
(2) Present at the meeting were Professor White ，Professor Smith and many other guests.
6. 表语放在句首时，倒装结构为“表语+连系动词+主语” 。表语常为形容词、过去分词和介词短语。
(1) Gone are the days when they would do what they liked.
(2) Present at the meeting were Professor White ，Professor Smith and many other guests.
二、强调句
1）强调句型
强调句型 It is / was + 被强调的成份 + that + 其他成份；用来强调主语、宾语和状语等成份。that 只起连 接作用，不作成份，但不能省略。有时强调的部分比较特殊，如主语从句、状语从句、名词、不定式短语、
V-ing 的复合结构等。
1. 强调句型的基本结构
强调句型的基本结构为： It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他成分。
强调句型的一般疑问句： Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他成分？
强调句型的特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词＋is/was it＋that＋其他成分？
2. 强调句型强调的成分
强调句型强调的成分：主语、宾语、状语。被强调部分指人时，用 who 或 that 皆可；指物时，只能用
that；被强调部分是时间、地点，原因或方式状语时，不用 when ，where ，why 或 how 而用 that。
It was the boy that/who I met in the street yesterday.
我昨天在街道遇到的正是这个男孩。 (强调宾语)
It was in Beijing that we visited the Great Wall.
正是在北京我们参观了长城。 (强调地点状语)
It is my mother who/that reminds me to get up on time every day.
每天都是我妈妈提醒我按时起床。 (强调主语)
3. 在强调句型中，强调原句中的主语时，that/who 后的谓语单复数的确定。
在强调句型中， 若强调原句中的主语， that/who 后的谓语动词的单复数应与被强调的主语的单复数形式
保持一致。
It is the little boy who/that has broken a beautiful jar.
It is they who/that are going to attend your birthday party tomorrow.
4. 对 not...until 结构的强调
not...until 结构的强调句型为＂It is/was not until...that... ＂在这一固定句型中， 由于 not 已经前移， that 后
只能用肯定形式。
It was not until ten o’clock that he went to bed. 直到 10 点他才睡觉。
I didn’t realize it until I got off the bus. →It was not until I got off the bus that I realized it.
5、强调句与主语从句的区别
主语从句译成中文时不可加上“正是…… ”“就是…… ”之类字眼， 若删去“It is / was...that... ”，则原句 不成立。而强调句型若删去“It is / was...that / who... ”，原句结构与语意均完整， 译成中文时， 常可加上“正
是…… ”“就是……”之类字眼。
It is true that he once went to America.
It was at 8 o ’clock that he came back.
6、强调句与状语从句的区别
It was at 7:00 that I arrived.正是在 7:00 时，我到了。 (强调句型，强调时间状语 at 7:00)
It was 7:00 when I arrived. 当我到达时，时间是 7:00 。(时间状语从句，在 7:00 前无介词 at)
7、含有定语从句的强调句型
在被强调的名词后再设计一个以该名词为先行词的定语从句，这时不要把定语从句当作强调句。
It was this school where (in which) he once studied that gave him a chance of teaching.
使用强调句型的几个注意事项
(1)若被强调成分是主语， who/that 之后的谓语动词应该在人称和数上与被强调的主语保持一致。
It is he who/that often helps me with my English.是他经常帮我学英语。
It is trees that we plant on the hillside every year.我们每年都在山坡上种的是树。
(2)若被强调成分是作主语的代词，用主格；若是作宾语的代词，则用宾格。
It was he that helped me yesterday.昨天帮我的人是他。
It was me that he helped yesterday.他昨天帮的人是我。
(3)强调句中只用两种时态，即一般现在时和一般过去时。原句谓语动词是一般过去时、过去完成时和过
去进行时，用 It was...that/who...，其余的时态用 It is...that/who...。
It is you who/that are to blame.是你该受到指责。
2）强调谓语
谓语动词的 强调 It is/ was … that …结构不能强调谓语，如 果需要强调谓语时，要用助动词 do/does 或 did。 注意： ①do 用于对肯定的祈使句的强调以及对 实义动词一般现在时肯定句（除主语是 第三人称单数）的强调； ②does 用于对实义动词一般现在时肯定 句主语是第三人称单数的强调； ③did 用于对实义动词一般过去时肯定句 的强调。 ①Do be careful when you cross the street. 过马路时，务必（千万）要小心啊！ They do work hard at maths. 他们对数学的学习确实很努力。 ②He does send an email to me every day. 他确实每天都给我发电子邮件。 ③He did do his homework yesterday. 昨天他确实做了家庭作业。
二、省略句
省略句是我们在学习英语过程中能不断体验收获和趣味的一种惯用手法，无论是说话还是写作，都要 求生动活泼， 简明扼要。按照语法的分析, 有时句子应具备的成分出于修辞上的需要, 会缺少一个或几
个句子语法结构所必要的语言成分，但在一定语境中可独立存在，仍能表达其意义完整并发挥交流功
能的句子则被称为省略句。省略的结果不仅能使句子结构更加精练，而且可起到连接上下文并使相邻
词语达到强调的作用。
1：状语从句的省略（重点）
在 when, while, whenever, before ， after ，till, if, unless, as if, though, than, as 等引导时间状语从句， 条件状语从句和让步状语从句中，若谓语部分含有 be 动词，而从句主语又与主句主语相同或从句主语是 it
时，从句的主语和 be 动词常被省略。
（1）状语从句含有 it is 或者主从句主语一致且含有 be 动词时，省略主语和 be 动词。
（2）从属连词接现在分词强调与句子主语之间的主动关系，用过去分词强调二者之间被动关系。
例 1：If (it is) necessary, you’d better refer to the dictionary. 如果有必要，你最好查字典。
例 2：While (I was) walking along the street, I heard my name called. 走在大街上我听到有人叫我名字。
例 3：The activity is more interesting than (it was) expected. 这个活动比预计的有趣很多。
[注意] 特殊的省略结构：if 省略结构，常作为插入语来处理。
if so 如果这样的话； if not 若非如此 ； if ever 如果曾经有的话
if necessary 如果有必要的话； if possible 如果可能的话； if any 如果有的话
If possible ，let me know beforehand. 如有可能，事先通知我。
（4）Get up early tomorrow, if not (you don't get up early), you will miss the first train.
明天早点起床，如果不的话，你将会错过头班车。
（5）Whenever (it is) possible, he will come to my help.
他会在任何可能的时候来帮助我。
[注意] 虚拟语气条件句中 if 的省略.
与 If 引导的条件从句中含有 were, had 时，可将 if 省略, 并用倒装结构。
Were I you , I wouldn’t go with him.
2：定语从句中的省略
（1）在定语从句中，当先行词在句中作宾语时，可省略关系代词 that/which/whom。
例 1：This is the dictionary (that/which) I’m looking for. 这是我在寻找的那本字典。
例 2：The boy (who/whom) you are talking with is my eider brother. 和你谈话的那个男孩是我的哥哥。
（2）定语从句先行词是 the way 并在从句充当方式状语时，定语从句用 in which 或 that 引导，其中 that
可以省略。
例 3：I appreciate the way (that) she spoke to me. 我喜欢她给我说话的方式。
3：宾语从句中的省略
（1）一个句子含有两个宾语从句时，第一个 that 可以省略，第二个不能省略。
例 1：I think (that) he needs some help and that we should help him. 我认为他需要帮助，我们应该帮助他。
（2）省略了一个宾语从句或从句的一部分，用 so 或 not 代替。
例 2：—Is he coming back tonight 今天晚上他要回来吗？
—I think so. 我认为是这样的。
例 3：—Is he feeling better today 今天他觉得好点了吗？
—I’m afraid not. 恐怕没有。
4：动词不定式的省略
（1）感官动词和使役动词接不定式作宾补时省略 to；下列句型常省略不定式符号 to：may as well do sth; had better do, do nothing but do sth; can’t help but do sth. Why not sth prefer to do…rather than do sth,
would rather do…than do…等。
例 1：We saw a pretty girl pass by just now. 刚才我们看见一个漂亮的女孩经过。
例 2：Why not join us in playing basketball 为什么不和我们一块打篮球呢？
（2）在特定上下文中，为了避免重复，不定式可以省略但通常保留不定式符号 to。
例： I didn’t want to go there, but I had to. 我不想去那里，但又不得不去。
(3)省略不定式符号 to 的情况。
a ．当主语部分含有动词 do 的某种形式时，作表语的不定式可省略 to 。
The only thing you have to do is open the door. 你唯一要做的事情打开门。
b ．不定式作介词 but(除了), except 的宾语，前面有实义动词 do 的某种形式时，不定式常省略 to 。
I can do nothing but wait here. 我除了在这里等无事可做。
c ．当两个或两个以上的不定式并列时，后面的不定式符号 to 可省略，但表示对比关系时则不能省略。
I'm really puzzled what to think of and express. 我真的不知道想什么和表达什么。
It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out. 制订计划比执行计划容易。
[名师点睛] 省略句中 to 的遗漏
【误】She was reading in bed, and her mother told her not.
【正】She was reading in bed, and her mother told her not to.
[分析] 动词不定式在 like, love, care, want, hope, wish, expect, prefer, refuse, decide, mean, intend, try,
promise 等动词后作宾语时，为了避免重复，常常省略不定式后的内容，但要保留不定式符号 to 。
d．在 see, watch, hear, feel, observe, notice, look at, listen to 等感官动词及使役动词 let, make, have 后作
宾语补足语的不定式不加 to，但当宾语补足语变为主语补足语时，不定式要加上 to 。
She saw him walk into the house. 她看到他走进了那座房子。
He was seen to walk into the house. 有人看到他走进了那座房子。
He had two boys wash his car. 他让两个男孩给他洗车。
e ．you'd better/why not 后跟不带 to 的不定式。
Why not try it again 为什么不再试试？
注意： do what we can to do... 全力以赴去做...
5：介词的省略
（1）both 后常跟 of 短语，其后可以接名词复数形式，也可以接代词宾格复数形式。
接复数名词时，介词 of 可以省略，但接代词宾格时， of 不能省略。
Both (of) the films were interesting. 这两部电影都很有趣。
She invited both of us to her birthday party. 她邀请我们俩去参加她的生日派对。
（2）在现在完成时表持续和重复的句型中，一段时间前的介词 for 可以省略。
（3）和一些动词搭配构成的短语中的介词
consider... (as)..., spend/waste…(in) doing 花费、浪费时间做某事；be busy/occupied (in) doing 忙于做某事； prevent/stop …(from) doing 阻止某人做某事；have a hard time (in) doing 做某事有困难；have trouble (in)
doing 做某事有困难；There is no points/sense (in) doing 做 …… 没有用；have fun (in) doing 做 …… 开心。
（4）his, that, next, last 后接时间名词时，前边省略介词。
Trees can prevent the earth (from) being washed away. 树能阻止泥土被冲走。
I have difficulty (in) finding his house.
例 1：She is occupied looking after her sick grandma. 她忙于照料她生病的奶奶。
例 2：The police have been trying to prevent them carrying weapons. 警方一直都设法阻止他们携带武器。
用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空或单句改错。
6：比较句中的省略
以 than/as 引起的从句中，常会省略主语。因为主语省略了，所以尤其要注意识别哪个词是省略了的主语，
进而选择谓语的数、时态和语态。
He is more of a writer than a historian. 他是历史学家，但更可以说是位作家。
He is more brilliant than ever before.他比以往更高明。
7: I'm afraid, I think, I believe, I hope, I guess 等作答句，后面跟 so 与 not 分别相当于肯定或否定，宾语从
句可省去。
（1）Do you think it will snow
—I hope not/that it will not snow.
——你认为会下雪吗？
——我希望不要下。
（2）—Do you believe Jim will come
—I think so.
——你相信 Jim 会来吗？
——我想会赢。
四、反意疑问句
反意疑问句是指当提问的人对前面所叙述的事实不敢肯定，而需要向对方加以证实时所提出的问句。
形式：句子+简短的疑问
1.反意疑问句的一般情况：
(1) 当陈述部分的主语是 everyone ，everybody ，someone ，no one ，nobody ，somebody 等时，其附加部分的
主语强调全部可用 they，强调个体也可用 he。例如：
Everyone knows what money means ，doesn’t he/don’t they？
(2) 当陈述部分的主语是指示代词 this ，that 或 these ，those 时，附加问句中的主语分别用 it 和 they。
例如： These are your friends Tom and Jack, aren’t they？
(3) 当陈述部分的主语是 everything ，anything ，nothing 等时，附加问句中的主语用 it。
例如： Everything seems all right now ，doesn’t it？
(4) 陈述部分带有否定词或半否定词，如： never ，hardly ，scarcely ，seldom ，no ，none ，no one ，rarely，
nowhere ，nothing ，nobody ，few ，little 等，附加问句一般用肯定式。
例如： She seldom goes to the cinema ，does she？
2.常见句型的反意疑问句：
(1) 当陈述部分是 there be 句型时，其后的附加问句也用 there。
There will be a special exhibition on tomorrow ，won’t there？
(2) 祈使句后面的反意疑问句问题：
①祈使句是否定形式，附加疑问部分只能用 will you。
Don’t forget the meeting ，will you？
②祈使句是肯定形式，附加疑问部分用肯定、否定均可。
Give me some cigarettes ，will you/ won’t you？
3.复合句的反意疑问句
当陈述部分是“I’m sure ，I’m afraid ，I don’t think(suppose ，expect ，imagine ，believe 等)+宾语从句” 结构时，
附加问句应与从句主语和谓语动词保持对应关系，但要注意陈述部分的否定转移现象。
4.关于情态动词的反意疑问句：
(1) 陈述部分中有 have/had to，附加疑问句部分通常用 do 的相应形式代替。例如：
You have to get up early tomorrow to catch the first bus ，don’t you？
(2) 陈述部分中是 mustn’t 表示“禁止” 时，附加疑问句部分用 must；陈述部分中的 must 表示“一定、想必”等
推测意义时，附加疑问句部分则是根据陈述部分的谓语动词或其助动词来定。
(3) 陈述部分是 I wish，表示询问或征求意见，附加疑问部分用 may I。
例如： I wish to see you again ，may I？
五、祈使句
一)、祈使句的句式特征
祈使句常常是表达说话人对对方的劝告、叮嘱、请求或命令等。因此，祈使句中一般没有主语，但根 据其句意， 实际上是省略了主语 you。祈使句句末用感叹号或句号， 朗读时， 常用降调。在表达请求或劝告 时， 在祈使句前或句末可加上 please，以使句子的语气更加缓和或客气。祈使句一般没有时态的变化， 也不
能与情态动词连用。
Keep off the grass! 勿踩踏草地！
Put the boxes in the small room. 把那些盒子放到那个小房间里。
二)、祈使句的肯定句式
祈使句的肯定句式一般分为以下三种类型：
1. 行为动词原形+其他成分。
Make sentences after the model. 根据例句造句。
2. Be 动词+其他成分（形容词、名词或介词短语等）。
Be careful when crossing the street. 过马路时要小心。
3. Let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其他成分。
Let him go back now. 让他现在回去吧。
六、Therebe句型
一、不同时态的 There be结构
1. There will be thousands of football fans in London next month.
(一般将来时)下个月伦敦将有成千上万的球迷。
2. There is going to be a film in our school this weekend.
(一般将来时)我们学校这个周末有一场电影。
3. There is to be a concert at the Albert Hall tonight. It is to be broadcast live.
(一般将来时)今晚在阿尔伯特会堂举行音乐会，将要进行实况转播。
4. There have been a lot of accidents round here.
(现在完成时)这里出过许多事故。
5. There has been some awful weather lately, hasn ’t there
(现在完成时)最近天气有时很糟糕，不是吗
6. He told me that there had been an argument between them.
(过去完成时)他告诉我他们之间有过一场辩论。
7. There will have been a definite result before Friday.
(将来完成时)星期五以前将肯定会有结果。
二、 含有情态动词的 There be结构
1. There would be fewer accidents if drivers took care.司机如果小心开车就会少出事故。 2. He felt that there must be something wrong with the car.他当时感觉车肯定出毛病了。
3. There may quite well be another demonstration tonight.今晚也许又有一场示威。
4. Why do there have to be poor people like those 为什么有像那样的一些穷人呢
5. There used to be a cinema here before the war.战前这儿有家电影院。
6. There must have been a rain last night, for the ground is wet. 昨晚肯定下雨了，因为地面湿着呢。
三、 There be结构经常和 appear,seem,need,chance,happen, prove等动词搭配
1. There appears to be little enthusiasm for your idea.
人们好像对你的想法不大热心。
2. There seems to be something wrong with this computer.
这台电脑好像出毛病了。
3. There doesn ’t seem to have been any difficulty over the money question. 好像没有钱的困难。
4. There appear to have been some nasty accidents.
似乎已发生了几起严重事故。
5. There needs to be a system set up to judge the quality of the English language training.
需要建立一套系统来评判英语培训的质量。
四、 There be结构也和 besure, besupposed, besaid, beknown等短语搭配
1. There is sure to be a place where we can find a restaurant.
肯定有我们能找到饭店的地方。
2. There are supposed to be wild animals in the hills.
这山里应该有野生动物。
3. There is said to be a secret tunnel beneath the building.
据说这幢大楼下面有一条秘密通道。
4. There are known to be thousands of snakes on the island.
据了解，那座岛上有成千上万条蛇。
五、 There be结构的非谓语动词形式
There be 句型也可以以不定式（there to be）、动名词（there being）和现在分词（there being）的形式出
现在句子中，在句中作主语、宾语或状语。
1. I expect there to be no argument about this.
(不定式短语作动词 expect 的宾语)我期望关于这件事不要争了。
2. I should prefer there to be no discussion of my private affairs.(不定式短语作动词 prefer 的宾语)我宁愿不
要讨论我的私事。
3. I don ’t want there to be any doubt about this. (不定式短语作动词 want 的宾语)我不希望对此有任何怀
疑。
4. Would you like there to be a meeting to discuss the problem
(不定式短语作动词 like 的宾语)你想要开会讨论这个问题吗
5. If you don ’t mind there being so much noise around, you are quite welcome to stay.
(动名词短语作动词 mind 的宾语)你如果不介意周围这么大噪音的话，欢迎你留下。
6. What ’s the chance of there being an election this year
(动名词短语作介词 of 的宾语)今年举行选举的可能性有多大
7. There being nothing else to do, we went home.
(现在分词短语作原因状语)因为没事其他事可做，我们就回家了。
8. They closed the door, there being no customers.
(现在分词短语作原因状语) 他们的店关门了，因为没有顾客。
六、 There be 结构中的 be 用其他动词来代替
为了表达生动，在正式文体或文学作品中，可用表示状态、发生、位置转移等意义的其他动词来代替 动词 be。常这样用的动词有：live ，lie ，stand ，remain ，exist ，occur ，arise ，rise ，follow ，come ，enter，
reach 等。
There exist many ancient temples of this kind on the shores of the Mediterranean. 在地中海沿岸地带，有许
多这样的古庙。
Not long after this, there rose a sudden revolution. 此后不久，突然爆发了一场革命。
Suddenly there entered a strange figure dressed all in black. 突然进来一个穿着一身黑的陌生人。
There goes the bus.公交车来了。
On the hill (there) stands a house. 山上有个房子。
七．There be 句型需要掌握的重点句型
1.There is no doubt/question that- 毫无疑问……
There is no question of doing sth. :①……是毫无疑问的②……是不可能的。
There is no question that it is true.
There is no doubt that they can get the machine working very soon.
2. There is no + doing：不可能……；无法……；没有办法……
There is no joking about it.这事开不得玩笑。
There is no telling what will happen.无法预料会发生什么。
There is no holding back the wheel of history.历史车轮不可阻挡。
3. There is no + 名词+ in doing : …是没有意义的/无用的
There is no point in doing sth. ……是没有意义的
There is no sense in doing sth. ……没有理由/没有好处；
There is no use/good in doing sth…没有好处
There is no harm in doing sth…没有害处
There is no point in arguing with him further.进一步和他争论是没有意义的。
here is no harm in doing sth.=it does no harm (for sb.) to do sth.
七、感叹句
感叹句表示说话时的惊讶、喜悦、赞赏和愤怒等情绪。
1）how 引导的感叹句
what 是感叹形容词，中心词必须是名词，名词前可以有冠词和形容词修饰，
注意感叹句用陈述语序。具体有三种类型：
What 引导的感叹句典型场合 典型示例
What +a (n)+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语! What a beautiful voice she has! 她的声音多美啊!
What+形容词+可数名词复数+主语+谓语! What kind doctors they are! 他们是多好的医生啊!
What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语! What fine weather it is today! 今天的天气真好呀！
2）how 引导的感叹句
1：1.how 是感叹副词，用作状语，修饰形容词、副词或动。
2.注意感叹句用陈述语序。具体有四种类型。
How 引导的感叹句典型场合 典型示例
How+形容词+主语+谓语！ How generous you are! 你真慷慨啊！
How+副词+主语+谓语！ How beautifully she dances! 她 的舞蹈跳得太棒 了！
How +形容词+a(an)+可数名词单数+主语+谓语！ How hardworking a student he is! 他是多么用功的 学生啊！
How+主语+谓语！ How time flies! 时间过得多快啊!
3）感叹句用于宾语从句
1.感叹句还可以用于宾语从句，
2.从句引导词不变，语序不变，谓语动词时态与整句保持呼应。
You can’t imagine how excited they were when they received Christmas gifts. 你难以想象他们收到圣诞礼物是
多么激动呀。
1.【2023 年北京卷】Mangroves, known as “red forest” in China, grow between land and sea, characterised by their
complex roots. When 14 (see) from afar, the mangrove forests appear more splendid.
2.【2021 全国乙卷 改错】That's our view on housework. And hopes this can inspire more thinking on the topic!
1.（2023 年全国高三专题练习）It is the test system, rather than the teachers, is to blame for the students’
heavy burden nowadays.
2. (2023 年全国高三专题练习)We expect there (be) a lot of discussions about the problem.
3. (2023 年全国高三专题练习)Though not (know) to use tools in the wild, the birds have proved skilful
at tool use while kept in the cage.
考点二 情景交际
1. 问候
Good morning/afternoon/evening.
Best wishes/regards to sb.=Give one’s regards to sb.
Please remember me to...
How do you do (初次见面)
How are you (比较熟悉的人之间用语)
Nice to meet you.(初次见面)
Nice meeting you.(初次见面分手)
2. 告别
Goodbye/See you/See you later!
So long! Farewell!
I’d like to say goodbye to everyone.
I’m afraid I must be leaving/off now.
I think it’s time for us to leave now.
Good night/Night!(仅限于晚上告别或上床睡觉时用)
Have a nice day!仅限于白天告别时用
3. 感谢答语
Not at all. 不用谢。
That's all right.不用谢。
You're welcome. 不用谢。
It's really nothing. 没什么。
Don't mention it. 不用谢。
4. 道歉
Sorry.
Excuse/Pardon me(for...)
Please forgive me for...
5. 道歉答语
That’s OK. /That’s all right./It's quite all right./Never mind.
It doesn’t matter (at all). Not at all. It’s nothing. That's nothing.(没关系)
Please don’t worry. It’s nothing to worry about. Not to wor- ry.Don't mention it.
That's okay. Don't let it bother you.没事,别想的太多了。
We really didn't mean that at all.我们真的没有那样的意思。
6. 提供帮助
Can/Could/Shall I help you
What can I do for you
Is there anything(else) I can do for you
Would you like some...
Would you like to...
Do you want me to...
7. 接受帮助
Thanks. That would be nice/fine.That ’s very kind of you. He
Thank you for your help. He
Yes,please. Here, take this/my...
8. 拒绝帮助
No, thanks/thank you. I can manage it myself. He
Thank you all the same. That's very kind of you,but...
9. 约会
1.提出约会:
Shall we meet at 4:30 at... Let's make it at 4:30.
When/Where shall we meet What time is convenient for you
I'd like to make an appointment with...
2. 肯定回答:
Yes, that's all right. Yes,I'll be free then. All right. See you then.
3. 否定回答:
No, I won't be free then. But I'll be free... I ’m afraid I have no time then.
10. 电话用语
Hello! May I speak to... Hello!Is Tom in
May/Could I speak to... Is that... (speaking) Hold on, please.
Hello, who is it/that
11. 就餐
(1)主问客:
What would you like (to have)... Would you like some thing (to eat/drink)
Would you like some more... How about some more... (2)主请客:
Help yourself to some... Let me give you... Make yourself at home.
(3)答语:
Id like... Cake/Two eggs..., please.
Yes, please. Just a little, please. Thank you. I've had enough. I'm full,thank you. No,thanks.
2.常用句型
(1)找餐桌
A table for four ，please
(1) 安排座位
Could you follow me, please You can sit where you like.
(2) 询问就餐者是否准备点菜了
Are you ready to order, sir Can/May I take your order now
(3) 询问就餐者想吃什么
Do you want anything to start with
And what to follow Anything else
And any vegetables Anything to drink
(4) 解餐馆今天有什么菜肴
Could we see the menu, please Let's have a look at the menu first.
12. 赞同
That’s right.(那是对的)
I can’t agree with you more.=I’m with you on that.=I wouldn’t say no./All right=OK./By all means./You guess
it.(你说对了！ )
13. 疑问句
So what 那又怎么样？
How come 怎么会这样？
What for 为什么啊？
Why bother 何必麻烦啊！
Why not 为什么不啊！
What if 如果…… 怎么办？
What’s up 怎么了？
Pardon 请再重复一遍。
Could I take your order 我能为您点餐吗？
Is it as bad as that 有那么糟糕吗？
14. 向路
1.基本用语
can you tell me the way to... how can I get to...
Excuse me, where is...
where is the nearest... which is the way to...
(2)指路:
Go straight ahead till you see... Go down this street till you get to...
Go through the gate and you will find the entrance to... It's about... yards/metres down this street.
15. 偏爱与爱好
I prefer tea to coffee. I'd prefer to go by train.
I like English better/the best. My favourite subject is physics. I'd rather drink coffee than tea.
Where would you rather go,London or Tokyo
16. 意愿与打算
I intend/mean/plan to...(我打算……) I'm ready to...(我随时可以……)
I would rather not tell you.(我真不想告诉你。 )
I would do it if I should have the chance(如果有机会，我一定会做。 )
If only I could see him.(如果我能看到他就好了。 )
17. 其他
Go ahead. 请继续、去吧
Hold on. 别挂断, 等一下
My treat. 我请客
At your service.我听您吩咐。
With pleasure. 愿意为您效劳。
Take it easy./Take your time.(尤指时间)放轻松，别着急。
Look out. 小心
All depends!/That depends. 看情况。
Got it! 明白了。
It’s up to you. 听你的。
Not really. 完全不知道。
Not exactly. 我略知一二，不是很了解。
Sounds great! 听起来真棒！
No kidding! 别开玩笑
No wonder. 难怪
It doesn’t hurt to ask. 问问也无妨。
It counts for nothing. 这不算什么。
Make sense. 有意义，说得通。
I hate to say this. 我不愿意说，但又不得不说。
It’s not my cup of tea.
A piece of cake.小菜一碟。
Tomorrow is another day. 明天是崭新的一天。
You’ve got me there.你可把我难住了。
You bet. 当然
Drop it! 别说了，别提了
Believe it or not.无论你相信与否
Be my guest. = Help yourself. 请自便
1. —【2022 年天津卷第二次】I worked on your car the whole night. How is it running
— It is running great! . You were such a big help!
A. It’s a pity B. I couldn’t agree more
C. Forget it D. I can hardly thank you enough
2.（2023 年新高考 I 卷听力 Text 5）
What are the speakers talking about
A. Writing a book.
B. Holding a celebration.
C. Buying a present.
1. （2023 年天津南开中学模拟预测）
— Why didn’t you come back last night I waited long.
— You were playing games the whole night.
A ．Don’t trust to chance. B ．Don’t dream away your time.
C ．Don’t give me that. D ．Don’t beat around the bush.
2. （2023 年广东高三统考学业考试）
—What do you think of the movie
- I like it. I think .
A ．it’s great B ．it’s possible C ．it’s terrible D ．it’s ordinary
(
过关检测
)
1. (2023 年浙江宁波镇海中学模拟测试) When (write), many calligraphers will forget all worries and
even themselves, combining all thoughts in the beauty of their art.
2. (2023 年广东省揭阳市高三 5 月联考（三模）试题) The young artist encountered luck as well as unimaginable
difficulties while (pursue) her dream.
3.(2023 年安徽省高中毕业班高三第三次联考试题) It wasn’t until the Ming and Qing dynasties t
he seal’s usage moved from the imperial to the personal, due to the expansion of arts.
4.（2023 年浙江高三模拟测试） Not until I returned I realize that a quiet town life was the best for me. 5.（2023 年重庆市南开中学校高三第十次质量检测英语试题）It’s fun when several friends and families gather
around and chat while (put) meat on the barbecue skewers.
6. （2023 年上海市高三模拟试题）Although (face) with all kinds of difficulties, he never wanted to
give up.
7. （2023 年河南省南阳市第一中学英语试题） Much I like it, I won’t buy it.
8.（2023 年全国高三试题）We all wonder why it is so many students and their families are visiting
Boston-area schools, such as Harvard, in their summer holidays.
9.（2023 年哈尔滨师大附中模拟考试）Do not leave the building until (instruct) to do so.
10.（2023 年河南省郑州高三联考试题） was only after I heard she became sick that I learned she
couldn’t eat meat.
11.（2023 年全国高三试题）While (walk) along the paths, you can hear the sweet songs of bird.
12.（2023 届广东省深圳市高三年级模拟试题） You’ve probably heard that most Canadians want governments
to do more on climate. That’s what two-thirds of the public tell pollsters when (ask).
(
真题演练
)
(
2023
年
)
【2023 年北京卷】Mangroves, known as “red forest” in China, grow between land and sea, characterised by their
complex roots. When 14 (see) from afar, the mangrove forests appear more splendid.
(
2022
年
)
1.【2022 年新高考 2 卷】He saved my son's life," said Mrs. Brown. "I don't know 45 to thank him. ”
2. —【2022 年天津卷第二次】I worked on your car the whole night. How is it running
— It is running great! . You were such a big help!
A. It’s a pity B. I couldn’t agree more
C. Forget it D. I can hardly thank you enough
3. 【2022 年天津卷第二次】 —Angela just doesn’t like me. She won’t even say hello.
— . Actually, she’s very shy.
A. I have no idea B. Don’t jump to conclusions
C. Don’t mention it D. There is no doubt about it
(
2021
年
)
1.【2021 全国乙卷 改错】That's our view on housework. And hopes this can inspire more thinking on the topic!
2.【2021.3 天津卷】—Are you done with the book I gave you
— . I'm still reading the last chapter.
A. Hard to say B. Not quite C. Of course D. It all depends
3.【2021.3 天津卷】—How's the project going
— . All we have to do is finish the last bit of work.
A. Easy come easy go B. Far from it C. By all means D. So far so good
(
2020
年
)
1. 【2020 年天津卷第一次】 —You seem to be in a really good mood.
— I finished my last test today. ! Now I’m free.
A. What a pity B. What a relief C. I’ve got it D. I’ve missed the point
2. 【2020 年江苏卷】 —Do you know anything about Zhang Zhongjing
— He has been honored as a master doctor since the Eastern Han Dynasty.
A. How come B. So what C. By all means. D. With pleasure.
3 ．【2020 年天津卷第一次】 —Tim has difficulty in making decisions.
— . He's still hesitating about whether to take the job.
A ．That’s it B ．Give it a try C ．It's settled D ．You're kidding me
4. 【2020 年天津卷第二次】 —Next time you visit Bob, remember to give him a call in advance.
— . I will.
______
5. 【2020 年天津卷第二次】 —Shall I order a taxi for Sarah to go to the airport tonight
— . I’ll drive her there.
______
A. Have a try B. Don’t mention it C. Don’t bother D. Go ahead
(
2019
年
)
1.【2019 年全国卷Ⅱ短文改错】They were two reasons for the decision.
2.【2019 年江苏卷】 —Let's take a coffee break.
— We' ve been working for hours.
A. Why bother B. What for C. You got me there. D. You said it.
3.【2019 年天津卷】 ---I guess you want to go play tennis.
--- . That's exactly what I was thinking too.
A. I didn't get it B. It's up to you
C. You never know D. You read my mind
4.【2019 年天津卷】 ---My son got a full scholarship to his dream university!
----Wow, ! What's he going to study
A. good for him B. go for it
C. what a coincidence D. all the best
5.【2019 年天津卷】The professor warned tie students that on no account use mobile phones in his
class.
A. should they B. they should
C. dare they D. they dare2024届高考高三英语复习—— 特殊句式和情景交际
1. 三年真题特殊句式和情景交际考点细目表
时间 卷次 语法填空/短文改错/单项选择
2023 年 新高考 I 卷 语法填空: /
新高考 II 卷 语法填空: /
全国甲卷 语法填空: / 短文改错： /
全国乙卷 语法填空: / 短文改错： /
北京卷 语法填空: seen 状语从句的省略
浙江卷 (1 月)语法填空: / (6 月)语法填空: /
天津卷 单项选择： /
2022 年 新高考 I 卷 语法填空: /
新高考 II 卷 语法填空: how +to do 作宾语
全国甲卷 语法填空: / 短文改错：
全国乙卷 语法填空: / 短文改错： /
北京卷 语法填空: /
浙江卷 (1 月)语法填空: / (6 月)语法填空: /
天津卷 单项选择： I can hardly thank you enough.表感谢 Don’t jump to conclusions 表不赞同
2021 年 新高考 I 卷 语法填空: /
新高考 II 卷 语法填空: /
全国甲卷 语法填空: / 短文改错： /
全国乙卷 语法填空: / 短文改错： hopes 改为 hope 祈使句
北京卷 语法填空: /
浙江卷 (1 月)语法填空: / (6 月)语法填空: /
天津卷 3 月： 1. Not quite 表否定回答 2.So far so good 表肯定回答 （第一次） 单项选择: / （第二次）单项选择: /
2. 命题规律及备考策略
【命题规律】
特殊句式和情景交际在历年全国卷高考中并非重点，但是特殊句式在阅读理解和完形填空的材料中出现的
频率比较高。情景交际通常在天津卷和听力中。
【备考策略】
1.掌握倒装的必备条件及倒装的具体应用。
2.熟知强调句的基本结构及其一般疑问句句式、特殊疑问句句式,注意其与结构相似的主从复合句的区别。
3.掌握省略的一些基本原则,并能正确使用。
4.掌握祈使句、感叹句的基本形式及用法。
【命题预测】
预计 2024 年特殊句式仍旧是会出现在阅读理解和完形填空的材料中且会以长难句的形式展现。情景交际则 会以单项选择和听力的形式出现。另外，倒装句在书面表达中属于高级句型，是写作高分作文的必备句型
之一。
(
考点一
特殊句式（倒装句
+
强调句
+
省略句
+
反义疑问句
+
祈使句
+there be
句型
+
感叹句）
)
一、倒装句
1）部分倒装
只把助动词/系动词/情态动词提到主语前面，叫部分倒装。主要包括：
1. only+副词/介词短语/状语从句置于句首。
例如： Only then did I realize the importance of English.
注意：
①在 only+状语从句+主句结构中，主句用倒装结构但从句用正常语序。
Only when you have finished your homework can you go to the cinema.
②only 修饰主语，不倒装。 Only Tom knows how to deal with the tough situation.
2. 否定词(短语)开头的句子：
表示否定意义的副词 never ，nor ，neither；
表示半否定意义的副词 hardly ，few ，seldom ，little；
含有 no 和 not 的词组 by no means(绝不) ，in no time(很快) ，at no time(在任何时候都不) ，not until ，not
only … but also... ，no sooner...than
(1) Never shall I believe you again.
(2) Little did he know who the woman was.
(3) Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.
3. 以 so 开头，用“so+助动词/情态动词/系动词+主语”表明前面叙述的肯定情况也适合于另一个人或物， 译作“也， 同样， 也如此”。表示前面叙述的否定情况也适合于另一个人或物， 用“neither/nor+助动词/情态动
词/系动词+主语” 。译作“也不是，也没有” 。例如：
The boy left home, and so did his sister a week later.
-I don’t think I can walk any further.
—Neither can I. Let’s stop for a rest.
注意：当 so 表示对前句内容的肯定、附和或进一步强调前面所说的情况，译作“的确，正是”时，用正
常语序。例如：
— Tom works hard.
— So he does and so do you.
4. 如果虚拟条件句的谓语含有 were，should，had，可以把 if 省略， 而将这三个词放于条件句主语前构
成倒装。
例如：
If there should be a flood，what would we do？→
Should there be a flood，what would we do？
5. 频度副词及短语 often，always，now and then，many a time，every other day 等放在句首时，
有时也倒装。
例如： Many a time has he come to comfort me.
6. 某些表示祝愿的句子也用倒装语序。
例如： May you succeed！
7.由 as 引导让步状语从句要用部分倒装或前置。句式为：表语/状语/动词原形＋as＋主语＋其他。
Clever as he is，he doesn’t study well.
虽然他很聪明，但他学习不好。 口
Child as he is， he knows a lot.
虽然他是个孩子，但他懂得不少事情。 口
Much as I like it，I won’t buy it.
虽然我非常喜欢它，但我不买。 口
Try as she might， she failed.
虽然她试过了，但还是失败了。 口
注意：表语前的名词无形容词修饰时冠词要省略
2）全部倒装
把谓语全部提到主语前面，叫全部倒装。全部倒装包括：
1. There be 句型：可以用在这类句型中的动词除 be 外，还可用 live，exist，remain，stand 等作谓语。
(1) There are many students in the classroom.
(2) Long long ago，there lived a king who loved horses very much.
2. 用于“here（there ，now ，then）+不及物动词+主语” 的句型中，或以 out ，in ，up ，down ，away 等副词开
头的句子里，以表示强调。
Here comes the bus.
Out went the children.
3. 由 then 引起，谓语为 come ，follow 的句子。例如：
(1) Then came a new difficulty.
(2) Then followed eight years of the Anti-Japanese War.
4. 当句首状语为表示地点的介词短语时，也常常引起全部倒装。例如：
In the middle of our school stands a high building.
5. 表语放在句首时，倒装结构为“表语+连系动词+主语” 。表语常为形容词、过去分词和介词短语。
(1) Gone are the days when they would do what they liked.
(2) Present at the meeting were Professor White ，Professor Smith and many other guests.
6. 表语放在句首时，倒装结构为“表语+连系动词+主语” 。表语常为形容词、过去分词和介词短语。
(1) Gone are the days when they would do what they liked.
(2) Present at the meeting were Professor White ，Professor Smith and many other guests.
二、强调句
1）强调句型
强调句型 It is / was + 被强调的成份 + that + 其他成份；用来强调主语、宾语和状语等成份。that 只起连 接作用，不作成份，但不能省略。有时强调的部分比较特殊，如主语从句、状语从句、名词、不定式短语、
V-ing 的复合结构等。
1. 强调句型的基本结构
强调句型的基本结构为： It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他成分。
强调句型的一般疑问句： Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他成分？
强调句型的特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词＋is/was it＋that＋其他成分？
2. 强调句型强调的成分
强调句型强调的成分：主语、宾语、状语。被强调部分指人时，用 who 或 that 皆可；指物时，只能用
that；被强调部分是时间、地点，原因或方式状语时，不用 when ，where ，why 或 how 而用 that。
It was the boy that/who I met in the street yesterday.
我昨天在街道遇到的正是这个男孩。 (强调宾语)
It was in Beijing that we visited the Great Wall.
正是在北京我们参观了长城。 (强调地点状语)
It is my mother who/that reminds me to get up on time every day.
每天都是我妈妈提醒我按时起床。 (强调主语)
3. 在强调句型中，强调原句中的主语时，that/who 后的谓语单复数的确定。
在强调句型中， 若强调原句中的主语， that/who 后的谓语动词的单复数应与被强调的主语的单复数形式
保持一致。
It is the little boy who/that has broken a beautiful jar.
It is they who/that are going to attend your birthday party tomorrow.
4. 对 not...until 结构的强调
not...until 结构的强调句型为＂It is/was not until...that... ＂在这一固定句型中， 由于 not 已经前移， that 后
只能用肯定形式。
It was not until ten o’clock that he went to bed. 直到 10 点他才睡觉。
I didn’t realize it until I got off the bus. →It was not until I got off the bus that I realized it.
5、强调句与主语从句的区别
主语从句译成中文时不可加上“正是…… ”“就是…… ”之类字眼， 若删去“It is / was...that... ”，则原句 不成立。而强调句型若删去“It is / was...that / who... ”，原句结构与语意均完整， 译成中文时， 常可加上“正
是…… ”“就是……”之类字眼。
It is true that he once went to America.
It was at 8 o ’clock that he came back.
6、强调句与状语从句的区别
It was at 7:00 that I arrived.正是在 7:00 时，我到了。 (强调句型，强调时间状语 at 7:00)
It was 7:00 when I arrived. 当我到达时，时间是 7:00 。(时间状语从句，在 7:00 前无介词 at)
7、含有定语从句的强调句型
在被强调的名词后再设计一个以该名词为先行词的定语从句，这时不要把定语从句当作强调句。
It was this school where (in which) he once studied that gave him a chance of teaching.
使用强调句型的几个注意事项
(1)若被强调成分是主语， who/that 之后的谓语动词应该在人称和数上与被强调的主语保持一致。
It is he who/that often helps me with my English.是他经常帮我学英语。
It is trees that we plant on the hillside every year.我们每年都在山坡上种的是树。
(2)若被强调成分是作主语的代词，用主格；若是作宾语的代词，则用宾格。
It was he that helped me yesterday.昨天帮我的人是他。
It was me that he helped yesterday.他昨天帮的人是我。
(3)强调句中只用两种时态，即一般现在时和一般过去时。原句谓语动词是一般过去时、过去完成时和过
去进行时，用 It was...that/who...，其余的时态用 It is...that/who...。
It is you who/that are to blame.是你该受到指责。
2）强调谓语
谓语动词的 强调 It is/ was … that …结构不能强调谓语，如 果需要强调谓语时，要用助动词 do/does 或 did。 注意： ①do 用于对肯定的祈使句的强调以及对 实义动词一般现在时肯定句（除主语是 第三人称单数）的强调； ②does 用于对实义动词一般现在时肯定 句主语是第三人称单数的强调； ③did 用于对实义动词一般过去时肯定句 的强调。 ①Do be careful when you cross the street. 过马路时，务必（千万）要小心啊！ They do work hard at maths. 他们对数学的学习确实很努力。 ②He does send an email to me every day. 他确实每天都给我发电子邮件。 ③He did do his homework yesterday. 昨天他确实做了家庭作业。
二、省略句
省略句是我们在学习英语过程中能不断体验收获和趣味的一种惯用手法，无论是说话还是写作，都要 求生动活泼， 简明扼要。按照语法的分析, 有时句子应具备的成分出于修辞上的需要, 会缺少一个或几
个句子语法结构所必要的语言成分，但在一定语境中可独立存在，仍能表达其意义完整并发挥交流功
能的句子则被称为省略句。省略的结果不仅能使句子结构更加精练，而且可起到连接上下文并使相邻
词语达到强调的作用。
1：状语从句的省略（重点）
在 when, while, whenever, before ， after ，till, if, unless, as if, though, than, as 等引导时间状语从句， 条件状语从句和让步状语从句中，若谓语部分含有 be 动词，而从句主语又与主句主语相同或从句主语是 it
时，从句的主语和 be 动词常被省略。
（1）状语从句含有 it is 或者主从句主语一致且含有 be 动词时，省略主语和 be 动词。
（2）从属连词接现在分词强调与句子主语之间的主动关系，用过去分词强调二者之间被动关系。
例 1：If (it is) necessary, you’d better refer to the dictionary. 如果有必要，你最好查字典。
例 2：While (I was) walking along the street, I heard my name called. 走在大街上我听到有人叫我名字。
例 3：The activity is more interesting than (it was) expected. 这个活动比预计的有趣很多。
[注意] 特殊的省略结构：if 省略结构，常作为插入语来处理。
if so 如果这样的话； if not 若非如此 ； if ever 如果曾经有的话
if necessary 如果有必要的话； if possible 如果可能的话； if any 如果有的话
If possible ，let me know beforehand. 如有可能，事先通知我。
（4）Get up early tomorrow, if not (you don't get up early), you will miss the first train.
明天早点起床，如果不的话，你将会错过头班车。
（5）Whenever (it is) possible, he will come to my help.
他会在任何可能的时候来帮助我。
[注意] 虚拟语气条件句中 if 的省略.
与 If 引导的条件从句中含有 were, had 时，可将 if 省略, 并用倒装结构。
Were I you , I wouldn’t go with him.
2：定语从句中的省略
（1）在定语从句中，当先行词在句中作宾语时，可省略关系代词 that/which/whom。
例 1：This is the dictionary (that/which) I’m looking for. 这是我在寻找的那本字典。
例 2：The boy (who/whom) you are talking with is my eider brother. 和你谈话的那个男孩是我的哥哥。
（2）定语从句先行词是 the way 并在从句充当方式状语时，定语从句用 in which 或 that 引导，其中 that
可以省略。
例 3：I appreciate the way (that) she spoke to me. 我喜欢她给我说话的方式。
3：宾语从句中的省略
（1）一个句子含有两个宾语从句时，第一个 that 可以省略，第二个不能省略。
例 1：I think (that) he needs some help and that we should help him. 我认为他需要帮助，我们应该帮助他。
（2）省略了一个宾语从句或从句的一部分，用 so 或 not 代替。
例 2：—Is he coming back tonight 今天晚上他要回来吗？
—I think so. 我认为是这样的。
例 3：—Is he feeling better today 今天他觉得好点了吗？
—I’m afraid not. 恐怕没有。
4：动词不定式的省略
（1）感官动词和使役动词接不定式作宾补时省略 to；下列句型常省略不定式符号 to：may as well do sth; had better do, do nothing but do sth; can’t help but do sth. Why not sth prefer to do…rather than do sth,
would rather do…than do…等。
例 1：We saw a pretty girl pass by just now. 刚才我们看见一个漂亮的女孩经过。
例 2：Why not join us in playing basketball 为什么不和我们一块打篮球呢？
（2）在特定上下文中，为了避免重复，不定式可以省略但通常保留不定式符号 to。
例： I didn’t want to go there, but I had to. 我不想去那里，但又不得不去。
(3)省略不定式符号 to 的情况。
a ．当主语部分含有动词 do 的某种形式时，作表语的不定式可省略 to 。
The only thing you have to do is open the door. 你唯一要做的事情打开门。
b ．不定式作介词 but(除了), except 的宾语，前面有实义动词 do 的某种形式时，不定式常省略 to 。
I can do nothing but wait here. 我除了在这里等无事可做。
c ．当两个或两个以上的不定式并列时，后面的不定式符号 to 可省略，但表示对比关系时则不能省略。
I'm really puzzled what to think of and express. 我真的不知道想什么和表达什么。
It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out. 制订计划比执行计划容易。
[名师点睛] 省略句中 to 的遗漏
【误】She was reading in bed, and her mother told her not.
【正】She was reading in bed, and her mother told her not to.
[分析] 动词不定式在 like, love, care, want, hope, wish, expect, prefer, refuse, decide, mean, intend, try,
promise 等动词后作宾语时，为了避免重复，常常省略不定式后的内容，但要保留不定式符号 to 。
d．在 see, watch, hear, feel, observe, notice, look at, listen to 等感官动词及使役动词 let, make, have 后作
宾语补足语的不定式不加 to，但当宾语补足语变为主语补足语时，不定式要加上 to 。
She saw him walk into the house. 她看到他走进了那座房子。
He was seen to walk into the house. 有人看到他走进了那座房子。
He had two boys wash his car. 他让两个男孩给他洗车。
e ．you'd better/why not 后跟不带 to 的不定式。
Why not try it again 为什么不再试试？
注意： do what we can to do... 全力以赴去做...
5：介词的省略
（1）both 后常跟 of 短语，其后可以接名词复数形式，也可以接代词宾格复数形式。
接复数名词时，介词 of 可以省略，但接代词宾格时， of 不能省略。
Both (of) the films were interesting. 这两部电影都很有趣。
She invited both of us to her birthday party. 她邀请我们俩去参加她的生日派对。
（2）在现在完成时表持续和重复的句型中，一段时间前的介词 for 可以省略。
（3）和一些动词搭配构成的短语中的介词
consider... (as)..., spend/waste…(in) doing 花费、浪费时间做某事；be busy/occupied (in) doing 忙于做某事； prevent/stop …(from) doing 阻止某人做某事；have a hard time (in) doing 做某事有困难；have trouble (in)
doing 做某事有困难；There is no points/sense (in) doing 做 …… 没有用；have fun (in) doing 做 …… 开心。
（4）his, that, next, last 后接时间名词时，前边省略介词。
Trees can prevent the earth (from) being washed away. 树能阻止泥土被冲走。
I have difficulty (in) finding his house.
例 1：She is occupied looking after her sick grandma. 她忙于照料她生病的奶奶。
例 2：The police have been trying to prevent them carrying weapons. 警方一直都设法阻止他们携带武器。
用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空或单句改错。
6：比较句中的省略
以 than/as 引起的从句中，常会省略主语。因为主语省略了，所以尤其要注意识别哪个词是省略了的主语，
进而选择谓语的数、时态和语态。
He is more of a writer than a historian. 他是历史学家，但更可以说是位作家。
He is more brilliant than ever before.他比以往更高明。
7: I'm afraid, I think, I believe, I hope, I guess 等作答句，后面跟 so 与 not 分别相当于肯定或否定，宾语从
句可省去。
（1）Do you think it will snow
—I hope not/that it will not snow.
——你认为会下雪吗？
——我希望不要下。
（2）—Do you believe Jim will come
—I think so.
——你相信 Jim 会来吗？
——我想会赢。
四、反意疑问句
反意疑问句是指当提问的人对前面所叙述的事实不敢肯定，而需要向对方加以证实时所提出的问句。
形式：句子+简短的疑问
1.反意疑问句的一般情况：
(1) 当陈述部分的主语是 everyone ，everybody ，someone ，no one ，nobody ，somebody 等时，其附加部分的
主语强调全部可用 they，强调个体也可用 he。例如：
Everyone knows what money means ，doesn’t he/don’t they？
(2) 当陈述部分的主语是指示代词 this ，that 或 these ，those 时，附加问句中的主语分别用 it 和 they。
例如： These are your friends Tom and Jack, aren’t they？
(3) 当陈述部分的主语是 everything ，anything ，nothing 等时，附加问句中的主语用 it。
例如： Everything seems all right now ，doesn’t it？
(4) 陈述部分带有否定词或半否定词，如： never ，hardly ，scarcely ，seldom ，no ，none ，no one ，rarely，
nowhere ，nothing ，nobody ，few ，little 等，附加问句一般用肯定式。
例如： She seldom goes to the cinema ，does she？
2.常见句型的反意疑问句：
(1) 当陈述部分是 there be 句型时，其后的附加问句也用 there。
There will be a special exhibition on tomorrow ，won’t there？
(2) 祈使句后面的反意疑问句问题：
①祈使句是否定形式，附加疑问部分只能用 will you。
Don’t forget the meeting ，will you？
②祈使句是肯定形式，附加疑问部分用肯定、否定均可。
Give me some cigarettes ，will you/ won’t you？
3.复合句的反意疑问句
当陈述部分是“I’m sure ，I’m afraid ，I don’t think(suppose ，expect ，imagine ，believe 等)+宾语从句” 结构时，
附加问句应与从句主语和谓语动词保持对应关系，但要注意陈述部分的否定转移现象。
4.关于情态动词的反意疑问句：
(1) 陈述部分中有 have/had to，附加疑问句部分通常用 do 的相应形式代替。例如：
You have to get up early tomorrow to catch the first bus ，don’t you？
(2) 陈述部分中是 mustn’t 表示“禁止” 时，附加疑问句部分用 must；陈述部分中的 must 表示“一定、想必”等
推测意义时，附加疑问句部分则是根据陈述部分的谓语动词或其助动词来定。
(3) 陈述部分是 I wish，表示询问或征求意见，附加疑问部分用 may I。
例如： I wish to see you again ，may I？
五、祈使句
一)、祈使句的句式特征
祈使句常常是表达说话人对对方的劝告、叮嘱、请求或命令等。因此，祈使句中一般没有主语，但根 据其句意， 实际上是省略了主语 you。祈使句句末用感叹号或句号， 朗读时， 常用降调。在表达请求或劝告 时， 在祈使句前或句末可加上 please，以使句子的语气更加缓和或客气。祈使句一般没有时态的变化， 也不
能与情态动词连用。
Keep off the grass! 勿踩踏草地！
Put the boxes in the small room. 把那些盒子放到那个小房间里。
二)、祈使句的肯定句式
祈使句的肯定句式一般分为以下三种类型：
1. 行为动词原形+其他成分。
Make sentences after the model. 根据例句造句。
2. Be 动词+其他成分（形容词、名词或介词短语等）。
Be careful when crossing the street. 过马路时要小心。
3. Let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其他成分。
Let him go back now. 让他现在回去吧。
六、Therebe句型
一、不同时态的 There be结构
1. There will be thousands of football fans in London next month.
(一般将来时)下个月伦敦将有成千上万的球迷。
2. There is going to be a film in our school this weekend.
(一般将来时)我们学校这个周末有一场电影。
3. There is to be a concert at the Albert Hall tonight. It is to be broadcast live.
(一般将来时)今晚在阿尔伯特会堂举行音乐会，将要进行实况转播。
4. There have been a lot of accidents round here.
(现在完成时)这里出过许多事故。
5. There has been some awful weather lately, hasn ’t there
(现在完成时)最近天气有时很糟糕，不是吗
6. He told me that there had been an argument between them.
(过去完成时)他告诉我他们之间有过一场辩论。
7. There will have been a definite result before Friday.
(将来完成时)星期五以前将肯定会有结果。
二、 含有情态动词的 There be结构
1. There would be fewer accidents if drivers took care.司机如果小心开车就会少出事故。 2. He felt that there must be something wrong with the car.他当时感觉车肯定出毛病了。
3. There may quite well be another demonstration tonight.今晚也许又有一场示威。
4. Why do there have to be poor people like those 为什么有像那样的一些穷人呢
5. There used to be a cinema here before the war.战前这儿有家电影院。
6. There must have been a rain last night, for the ground is wet. 昨晚肯定下雨了，因为地面湿着呢。
三、 There be结构经常和 appear,seem,need,chance,happen, prove等动词搭配
1. There appears to be little enthusiasm for your idea.
人们好像对你的想法不大热心。
2. There seems to be something wrong with this computer.
这台电脑好像出毛病了。
3. There doesn ’t seem to have been any difficulty over the money question. 好像没有钱的困难。
4. There appear to have been some nasty accidents.
似乎已发生了几起严重事故。
5. There needs to be a system set up to judge the quality of the English language training.
需要建立一套系统来评判英语培训的质量。
四、 There be结构也和 besure, besupposed, besaid, beknown等短语搭配
1. There is sure to be a place where we can find a restaurant.
肯定有我们能找到饭店的地方。
2. There are supposed to be wild animals in the hills.
这山里应该有野生动物。
3. There is said to be a secret tunnel beneath the building.
据说这幢大楼下面有一条秘密通道。
4. There are known to be thousands of snakes on the island.
据了解，那座岛上有成千上万条蛇。
五、 There be结构的非谓语动词形式
There be 句型也可以以不定式（there to be）、动名词（there being）和现在分词（there being）的形式出
现在句子中，在句中作主语、宾语或状语。
1. I expect there to be no argument about this.
(不定式短语作动词 expect 的宾语)我期望关于这件事不要争了。
2. I should prefer there to be no discussion of my private affairs.(不定式短语作动词 prefer 的宾语)我宁愿不
要讨论我的私事。
3. I don ’t want there to be any doubt about this. (不定式短语作动词 want 的宾语)我不希望对此有任何怀
疑。
4. Would you like there to be a meeting to discuss the problem
(不定式短语作动词 like 的宾语)你想要开会讨论这个问题吗
5. If you don ’t mind there being so much noise around, you are quite welcome to stay.
(动名词短语作动词 mind 的宾语)你如果不介意周围这么大噪音的话，欢迎你留下。
6. What ’s the chance of there being an election this year
(动名词短语作介词 of 的宾语)今年举行选举的可能性有多大
7. There being nothing else to do, we went home.
(现在分词短语作原因状语)因为没事其他事可做，我们就回家了。
8. They closed the door, there being no customers.
(现在分词短语作原因状语) 他们的店关门了，因为没有顾客。
六、 There be 结构中的 be 用其他动词来代替
为了表达生动，在正式文体或文学作品中，可用表示状态、发生、位置转移等意义的其他动词来代替 动词 be。常这样用的动词有：live ，lie ，stand ，remain ，exist ，occur ，arise ，rise ，follow ，come ，enter，
reach 等。
There exist many ancient temples of this kind on the shores of the Mediterranean. 在地中海沿岸地带，有许
多这样的古庙。
Not long after this, there rose a sudden revolution. 此后不久，突然爆发了一场革命。
Suddenly there entered a strange figure dressed all in black. 突然进来一个穿着一身黑的陌生人。
There goes the bus.公交车来了。
On the hill (there) stands a house. 山上有个房子。
七．There be 句型需要掌握的重点句型
1.There is no doubt/question that- 毫无疑问……
There is no question of doing sth. :①……是毫无疑问的②……是不可能的。
There is no question that it is true.
There is no doubt that they can get the machine working very soon.
2. There is no + doing：不可能……；无法……；没有办法……
There is no joking about it.这事开不得玩笑。
There is no telling what will happen.无法预料会发生什么。
There is no holding back the wheel of history.历史车轮不可阻挡。
3. There is no + 名词+ in doing : …是没有意义的/无用的
There is no point in doing sth. ……是没有意义的
There is no sense in doing sth. ……没有理由/没有好处；
There is no use/good in doing sth…没有好处
There is no harm in doing sth…没有害处
There is no point in arguing with him further.进一步和他争论是没有意义的。
here is no harm in doing sth.=it does no harm (for sb.) to do sth.
七、感叹句
感叹句表示说话时的惊讶、喜悦、赞赏和愤怒等情绪。
1）how 引导的感叹句
what 是感叹形容词，中心词必须是名词，名词前可以有冠词和形容词修饰，
注意感叹句用陈述语序。具体有三种类型：
What 引导的感叹句典型场合 典型示例
What +a (n)+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语! What a beautiful voice she has! 她的声音多美啊!
What+形容词+可数名词复数+主语+谓语! What kind doctors they are! 他们是多好的医生啊!
What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语! What fine weather it is today! 今天的天气真好呀！
2）how 引导的感叹句
1：1.how 是感叹副词，用作状语，修饰形容词、副词或动。
2.注意感叹句用陈述语序。具体有四种类型。
How 引导的感叹句典型场合 典型示例
How+形容词+主语+谓语！ How generous you are! 你真慷慨啊！
How+副词+主语+谓语！ How beautifully she dances! 她 的舞蹈跳得太棒 了！
How +形容词+a(an)+可数名词单数+主语+谓语！ How hardworking a student he is! 他是多么用功的 学生啊！
How+主语+谓语！ How time flies! 时间过得多快啊!
3）感叹句用于宾语从句
1.感叹句还可以用于宾语从句，
2.从句引导词不变，语序不变，谓语动词时态与整句保持呼应。
You can’t imagine how excited they were when they received Christmas gifts. 你难以想象他们收到圣诞礼物是
多么激动呀。
1.【2023 年北京卷】Mangroves, known as “red forest” in China, grow between land and sea, characterised by their
complex roots. When 14 (see) from afar, the mangrove forests appear more splendid.
【14 题详解】
考查状语从句的省略。句意：从远处看，红树林显得更加壮观。逗号前面是 when 引导的状语从句的省略， 当状语从句和主句主语是同一主语时， 且从句含有 be 动词， 从句可以省略主语和 be 动词。在从句中， 主语 为 the mangrove forests，和动词 see 是被动关系， 从句应用一般现在时的被动语态， 完整形式为 when they are
seen from afar，省略主语和 be 动词，故填 seen。
2.【2021 全国乙卷 改错】That's our view on housework. And hopes this can inspire more thinking on the topic!
【答案】把 hopes 改为 hope
【解析】考查省略句。分析题目可知，此处表示(I) hope this can inspire…，故 hope 应用动词原形形式。故
把 hopes 改为 hope。
1.（2023 年全国高三专题练习）It is the test system, rather than the teachers, is to blame for the students’
heavy burden nowadays.
【答案】that
【解析】考查强调句。句意：如今学生们的负担沉重，该为此受到责备的是应试体制，而非老师。 “it is/was +被强调部分+ that/who...”是强调句型，强调部分为人时，可使用 who，其余情况均用 that 。“rather...than...”
意为“是……而不是 ……”，此处强调的是 test system 而不是 teachers，应使用 that。故填 that。
2. (2023 年全国高三专题练习)We expect there (be) a lot of discussions about the problem.
【答案】 to be
【解析】考查 there be 的特殊句式。句意：我们期望能对这个问题展开更多的讨论。此处考查动词短语 expect to do，意为“期待去做” ，设空处应用 there be 的不定式结构， 作 expect 的宾语， 构成固定结构 expect there to
be，意为“期望有” 。故填 to be。
3. (2023 年全国高三专题练习)Though not (know) to use tools in the wild, the birds have proved skilful
at tool use while kept in the cage.
【答案】known
【解析】考查状语从句中的省略。句意：虽然在野外还不知道它们会使用工具，但在笼子里的时候，这些 鸟已经证明了它们熟练地使用工具。分析可知，此处为状语从句中的省略，在状语从句中从句的主语和主 句的主语相同且有 be 动词时， 需要省略主语和 be 动词， 即完整形式为 Though not the birds are known to use
tools in the wild。故填 known。
考点二 情景交际
1. 问候
Good morning/afternoon/evening.
Best wishes/regards to sb.=Give one’s regards to sb.
Please remember me to...
How do you do (初次见面)
How are you (比较熟悉的人之间用语)
Nice to meet you.(初次见面)
Nice meeting you.(初次见面分手)
2. 告别
Goodbye/See you/See you later!
So long! Farewell!
I’d like to say goodbye to everyone.
I’m afraid I must be leaving/off now.
I think it’s time for us to leave now.
Good night/Night!(仅限于晚上告别或上床睡觉时用)
Have a nice day!仅限于白天告别时用
3. 感谢答语
Not at all. 不用谢。
That's all right.不用谢。
You're welcome. 不用谢。
It's really nothing. 没什么。
Don't mention it. 不用谢。
4. 道歉
Sorry.
Excuse/Pardon me(for...)
Please forgive me for...
5. 道歉答语
That’s OK. /That’s all right./It's quite all right./Never mind.
It doesn’t matter (at all). Not at all. It’s nothing. That's nothing.(没关系)
Please don’t worry. It’s nothing to worry about. Not to wor- ry.Don't mention it.
That's okay. Don't let it bother you.没事,别想的太多了。
We really didn't mean that at all.我们真的没有那样的意思。
6. 提供帮助
Can/Could/Shall I help you
What can I do for you
Is there anything(else) I can do for you
Would you like some...
Would you like to...
Do you want me to...
7. 接受帮助
Thanks. That would be nice/fine.That ’s very kind of you. He
Thank you for your help. He
Yes,please. Here, take this/my...
8. 拒绝帮助
No, thanks/thank you. I can manage it myself. He
Thank you all the same. That's very kind of you,but...
9. 约会
1.提出约会:
Shall we meet at 4:30 at... Let's make it at 4:30.
When/Where shall we meet What time is convenient for you
I'd like to make an appointment with...
2. 肯定回答:
Yes, that's all right. Yes,I'll be free then. All right. See you then.
3. 否定回答:
No, I won't be free then. But I'll be free... I ’m afraid I have no time then.
10. 电话用语
Hello! May I speak to... Hello!Is Tom in
May/Could I speak to... Is that... (speaking) Hold on, please.
Hello, who is it/that
11. 就餐
(1)主问客:
What would you like (to have)... Would you like some thing (to eat/drink)
Would you like some more... How about some more... (2)主请客:
Help yourself to some... Let me give you... Make yourself at home.
(3)答语:
Id like... Cake/Two eggs..., please.
Yes, please. Just a little, please. Thank you. I've had enough. I'm full,thank you. No,thanks.
2.常用句型
(1)找餐桌
A table for four ，please
(1) 安排座位
Could you follow me, please You can sit where you like.
(2) 询问就餐者是否准备点菜了
Are you ready to order, sir Can/May I take your order now
(3) 询问就餐者想吃什么
Do you want anything to start with
And what to follow Anything else
And any vegetables Anything to drink
(4) 解餐馆今天有什么菜肴
Could we see the menu, please Let's have a look at the menu first.
12. 赞同
That’s right.(那是对的)
I can’t agree with you more.=I’m with you on that.=I wouldn’t say no./All right=OK./By all means./You guess
it.(你说对了！ )
13. 疑问句
So what 那又怎么样？
How come 怎么会这样？
What for 为什么啊？
Why bother 何必麻烦啊！
Why not 为什么不啊！
What if 如果…… 怎么办？
What’s up 怎么了？
Pardon 请再重复一遍。
Could I take your order 我能为您点餐吗？
Is it as bad as that 有那么糟糕吗？
14. 向路
1.基本用语
can you tell me the way to... how can I get to...
Excuse me, where is...
where is the nearest... which is the way to...
(2)指路:
Go straight ahead till you see... Go down this street till you get to...
Go through the gate and you will find the entrance to... It's about... yards/metres down this street.
15. 偏爱与爱好
I prefer tea to coffee. I'd prefer to go by train.
I like English better/the best. My favourite subject is physics. I'd rather drink coffee than tea.
Where would you rather go,London or Tokyo
16. 意愿与打算
I intend/mean/plan to...(我打算……) I'm ready to...(我随时可以……)
I would rather not tell you.(我真不想告诉你。 )
I would do it if I should have the chance(如果有机会，我一定会做。 )
If only I could see him.(如果我能看到他就好了。 )
17. 其他
Go ahead. 请继续、去吧
Hold on. 别挂断, 等一下
My treat. 我请客
At your service.我听您吩咐。
With pleasure. 愿意为您效劳。
Take it easy./Take your time.(尤指时间)放轻松，别着急。
Look out. 小心
All depends!/That depends. 看情况。
Got it! 明白了。
It’s up to you. 听你的。
Not really. 完全不知道。
Not exactly. 我略知一二，不是很了解。
Sounds great! 听起来真棒！
No kidding! 别开玩笑
No wonder. 难怪
It doesn’t hurt to ask. 问问也无妨。
It counts for nothing. 这不算什么。
Make sense. 有意义，说得通。
I hate to say this. 我不愿意说，但又不得不说。
It’s not my cup of tea.
A piece of cake.小菜一碟。
Tomorrow is another day. 明天是崭新的一天。
You’ve got me there.你可把我难住了。
You bet. 当然
Drop it! 别说了，别提了
Believe it or not.无论你相信与否
Be my guest. = Help yourself. 请自便
1. —【2022 年天津卷第二次】I worked on your car the whole night. How is it running
— It is running great! . You were such a big help!
A. It’s a pity B. I couldn’t agree more
C. Forget it D. I can hardly thank you enough
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查情景交际。句意： ——我整晚都在你的车上工作。它是如何运行的？
——运行良好！太感谢您了。你真是帮了个大忙！A. It’s a pity 太可惜啦；B. I couldn’t agree more 我非常同 意；C. Forget it 算了吧，休想；D. I can hardly thank you enough 太感谢您了。根据 It is running great!可知，
此处向对方表示感谢， I can hardly thank you enough.意为“太感谢您了” ，符合语境。故选 D 项。
2.（2023 年新高考 I 卷听力 Text 5）
What are the speakers talking about
A. Writing a book.
B. Holding a celebration.
C. Buying a present.
【答案】C
【解析】W: Do you think we should get Steve a book for the new year
M: Books are good. But Steve wouldn ’t take just any book. He has had this particular one on geography.
1. （2023 年天津南开中学模拟预测）
— Why didn’t you come back last night I waited long.
— You were playing games the whole night.
A ．Don’t trust to chance. B ．Don’t dream away your time.
C ．Don’t give me that. D ．Don’t beat around the bush.
【答案】C
【详解】考查情景交际。句意： —你昨晚为什么没回来？我等了很久。 —别跟我来这套。你整晚都在玩游
戏。 A. Don’t trust to chance.不要碰运气； B. Don’t dream away your time.不要虚度光阴； C. Don’t give me
that.别跟我来这一套； D. Don’t beat around the bush.不要拐弯抹角。根据“You were playing games the whole
night.”可知，回答的人不相信询问者的话，此处表示“别跟我来这一套” 。故选 C。
2. （2023 年广东高三统考学业考试）
—What do you think of the movie
- I like it. I think .
A ．it’s great B ．it’s possible C ．it’s terrible D ．it’s ordinary
【答案】A
【详解】考查情景交际。句意： ——你觉得这部电影怎么样？ ——我喜欢。我觉得很棒。 A. it’s great 极好 的；B. it’s possible 可能的；C. it’s terrible 可怕的；D. it’s ordinary 普通的。根据上文“I like it.”可知是积极的
评价。故选 A。
(
过关检测
)
1. (2023 年浙江宁波镇海中学模拟测试) When (write), many calligraphers will forget all worries and
even themselves, combining all thoughts in the beauty of their art.
【答案】writing
【解析】考查状语从句的省略。 句意：许多书法家在书写的时候，会忘记所有的烦恼，甚至忘记自己，把 所有的思想融合在他们的艺术之美中。 分析可知， 当主句的主语和从句的主语一致时， 从句可以省略主语
和 be 动词，设空处和主语是主动关系，所以设空处应用现在分词，故填 writing。
2. (2023 年广东省揭阳市高三 5 月联考（三模）试题) The young artist encountered luck as well as unimaginable
difficulties while (pursue) her dream.
【答案】pursuing
【解析】考查状语从句的省略。句意：这位年轻的艺术家在追求梦想的过程中遇到了运气，也遇到了难以 想象的困难。当时间状语从句的主语和主句主语一致， 且有 be 动词时， 可以省略从句的主语及 be 动词， 本 句的完整句子为 The young artist encountered luck as well as unimaginable difficulties while she was pursuing her
dream.此处省略 she was，保留现在分词。故填 pursuing。
3.(2023 年安徽省高中毕业班高三第三次联考试题) It wasn’t until the Ming and Qing dynasties t
he seal’s usage moved from the imperial to the personal, due to the expansion of arts.
【答案】that
【解析】考查强调句。句意：直到明清两朝，由于艺术的发展，印章的使用才从宫廷转移到个人。
not...until...是固定句型， 意为“直到……才 ……”，其强调句型为：It + is/was not until...+ that + 句子其它部分。 分析句子可知，句中使用了该强调句型，强调的是原句时间状语“not until the Ming and Qing dynasties”，句
子其它部分只能由 that 引出。故填 that。
4.（2023 年浙江高三模拟测试） Not until I returned I realize that a quiet town life was the best for me.
【答案】did
【解析】考查部分倒装。句意：直到回来，我才发现安静的小镇生活对我才是最好的。not until 放在句首，
主句要部分倒装。结合前文的 returned 可知，可知为一般过去时，故在主句主语 I 前加 did。故填 did。
5.（2023 年重庆市南开中学校高三第十次质量检测英语试题）It’s fun when several friends and families gather
around and chat while (put) meat on the barbecue skewers.
【答案】putting
【解析】考查省略句。句意：当几个朋友和家人聚在一起聊天时， 把肉放在烤肉串上是很有趣的。这里为 while
引导的时间状语从句的省略结构，此处省略了 they are。且主语 they 与 put 之间为主动关系。故填 putting。
6. （2023 年上海市高三模拟试题）Although (face) with all kinds of difficulties, he never wanted to
give up.
【答案】faced
【解析】考查状语从句的省略。句意：尽管面临种种困难，他从未想过放弃。当时间、条件、让步状语从 句的主语与主句主语一致，且有 be 动词时，可以省略从句的主语及 be 动词；本句还原后为 Although he was
faced with all kinds of difficulties，省略了 he was 。故填 faced。
7. （2023 年河南省南阳市第一中学英语试题） Much I like it, I won’t buy it.
【答案】as/though
【解析】考查连词和倒装。句意：尽管我非常喜欢它，但我不会买。空处引导让步状语从句，且从句中副
词 much 置于句首，故应用连词 as/though；as/though 引导让步状语从句时，要部分倒装，结构为
adj./adv./v/n+as/though+主语+谓语+其他。故填 as/though。
8.（2023 年全国高三试题）We all wonder why it is so many students and their families are visiting
Boston-area schools, such as Harvard, in their summer holidays.
【答案】that
【解析】考查强调句。句意：我们都想知道，为什么有那么多学生和他们的家人在暑假期间参观波士顿地
区的学校，比如哈佛。分析句子可知，这里考查强调句，本句对 why 进行强调。故填 that。
9.（2023 年哈尔滨师大附中模拟考试）Do not leave the building until (instruct) to do so.
【答案】instructed
【解析】考查状语从句的省略。句意：除非接到指示，否则不要离开大楼。根据句意可知，连词 until 引导
的是一个时间状语从句， 其完整的句子应该是 until you are instructed to do so.该状语从句符合省略的条件（主
句和从句的主语一致；从句主要动词是 be 的某种形式） ，这时可以把从句的主语和 be 动词省略，该句中省
略掉 you are。故填 instructed。
10.（2023 年河南省郑州高三联考试题） was only after I heard she became sick that I learned she
couldn’t eat meat.
【答案】It
【解析】考查强调句。句意：直到我听说她生病了，我才知道她不能吃肉。该句是强调句型： It is/was +强 调部分+that/who+其他，强调内容为人时，用 that/who，强调内容为物时，用 that。此处强调的是时间状语
从句。单词位于句首，首字母大写。故填 It。
11.（2023 年全国高三试题）While (walk) along the paths, you can hear the sweet songs of bird.
【答案】walking
【解析】考查状语从句的省略。句意：沿着小路走，你可以听到鸟儿甜美的歌声。分析可知，逗号前为状 语从句的省略，完整的句子为： while you are walking along the paths，从句的主语和主句的主语一致，同时
用到了 be 动词，所以可以省略从句的主语和 be 动词，故填 walking。
12.（2023 届广东省深圳市高三年级模拟试题） You’ve probably heard that most Canadians want governments
to do more on climate. That’s what two-thirds of the public tell pollsters when (ask).
【答案】asked
【解析】考查省略句。句意：你可能听说过，大多数加拿大人希望政府在气候问题上做得更多。三分之二 的公众在被问及这一问题时是这么回答的。此处 when 引导时间状语， 是一个省略句， 当状语从句中， 主语 和主句主语相同，且有 be 动词时，主语和 be 动词可省略， ask 与主语two-thirds of the public 之间为被动关
系，故应用过去分词，还原后为： when they are asked。故填 asked。
(
真题演练
)
(
2023
年
)
【2023 年北京卷】Mangroves, known as “red forest” in China, grow between land and sea, characterised by their
complex roots. When 14 (see) from afar, the mangrove forests appear more splendid.
【14 题详解】
考查状语从句的省略。句意：从远处看，红树林显得更加壮观。逗号前面是 when 引导的状语从句的省略， 当状语从句和主句主语是同一主语时， 且从句含有 be 动词， 从句可以省略主语和 be 动词。在从句中， 主语
为 the mangrove forests，和动词 see 是被动关系， 从句应用一般现在时的被动语态， 完整形式为 when they are
seen from afar，省略主语和 be 动词，故填 seen。
(
2022
年
)
1.【2022 年新高考 2 卷】He saved my son's life," said Mrs. Brown. "I don't know 45 to thank him. ”
【答案】 how
【解析】考查特殊疑问词。句意：我不知道如何去感谢他。根据句子结构， 设空处填写的是特殊疑问词+to do
不定式结构作宾语。根据句意， how 意为“如何” ，符合句意。故填 how。
2. —【2022 年天津卷第二次】I worked on your car the whole night. How is it running
— It is running great! . You were such a big help!
A. It’s a pity B. I couldn’t agree more
C. Forget it D. I can hardly thank you enough
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查情景交际。句意： ——我整晚都在你的车上工作。它是如何运行的？
——运行良好！太感谢您了。你真是帮了个大忙！A. It’s a pity 太可惜啦；B. I couldn’t agree more 我非常同 意；C. Forget it 算了吧，休想；D. I can hardly thank you enough 太感谢您了。根据 It is running great!可知，
此处向对方表示感谢， I can hardly thank you enough.意为“太感谢您了” ，符合语境。故选 D 项。
3. 【2022 年天津卷第二次】 —Angela just doesn’t like me. She won’t even say hello.
— . Actually, she’s very shy.
A. I have no idea B. Don’t jump to conclusions
C. Don’t mention it D. There is no doubt about it
【答案】B
【解析】考查情景交际。句意：—Angela 不喜欢我罢了。她甚至不愿意跟我打招呼。——不要太早下结论。 事实上，她只是害羞而已。A. I have no idea 我不知道；B. Don’t jump to conclusions 不要太早下结论；C. Don’t mention it 不用谢；D. There is no doubt about it 这一点毫无疑问。根据下文“Actually, she’s very shy.”可
推断，不要太早下结论说 Angela 不喜欢说话人，她实际上只是害羞。故选 B。
(
2021
年
)
1.【2021 全国乙卷 改错】That's our view on housework. And hopes this can inspire more thinking on the topic!
【答案】把 hopes 改为 hope
【解析】考查省略句。分析题目可知，此处表示(I) hope this can inspire…，故 hope 应用动词原形形式。故
把 hopes 改为 hope。
2.【2021.3 天津卷】—Are you done with the book I gave you
— . I'm still reading the last chapter.
A. Hard to say B. Not quite C. Of course D. It all depends
【答案】B
【解析】考查情景交际。句意：—我给你的书你看完了吗？ —不完全是。我还在读最后一章。 A.Hard to say
很难说；B.Not quite 不完全是；C.Of course 当然；D.It all depends 这要看情况了。根据语境可知，本空应填
"Not quite" 。故选： B。
3.【2021.3 天津卷】—How's the project going
— . All we have to do is finish the last bit of work.
A. Easy come easy go B. Far from it C. By all means D. So far so good
【答案】D
【解析】考查情景交际。句意：—这个项目进展的如何？—到目前为止，一直都还不错。我们要做的就是 完成最后一项工作。A.Easy come easy go 来得容易去得也快；B.Far from it 远非如此；C.By all means 绝不；
D.So far so good 到目前为止， 一直都还不错。根据下半句可知，目前进展还不错。故选 D。
(
2020
年
)
1. 【2020 年天津卷第一次】 —You seem to be in a really good mood.
— I finished my last test today. ! Now I’m free.
A. What a pity B. What a relief C. I’ve got it D. I’ve missed the point
【答案】B
【解析】考查交际用语。句意： ——你看起来心情很好。 ——我今天完成了最后一次考试。我总算松了一 口气!现在我自由了。 A. What a pity 真遗憾； B. What a relief 总算松了一口气； C. I’ve got it 我明白了； D. I’ve missed the point 我错过了重点。根据“I finished my last test today.”可知，完成最后一场考试后终于松
了一口气。故选 B。
2. 【2020 年江苏卷】 —Do you know anything about Zhang Zhongjing
— He has been honored as a master doctor since the Eastern Han Dynasty.
A. How come B. So what C. By all means. D. With pleasure.
【答案】C
【解析】考查日常交际用语。句意:-你知道关于张仲景的事情吗？ - 当然。 自东汉以来， 他被尊为医学大师。 A. How come 怎么会？ B. So what 那又怎样？ C. By all means.当然；D. With pleasure.很愿效劳。根据空后 He has been honored as a master doctor since the Eastern Han Dynasty.可知， 后者对张仲景非常了解。所以他“当然”
知道关于张仲景的事情。 C 选项符合语境。故选 C。
3 ．【2020 年天津卷第一次】 —Tim has difficulty in making decisions.
— . He's still hesitating about whether to take the job.
A ．That’s it B ．Give it a try C ．It's settled D ．You're kidding me
【答案】A
【解析】考查情景交际。句意：—Tim 做决定有困难。 —就是。他还在犹豫是否接受那份工作。 A.That's it 就是；B. Give it a try 试一试:C. It's settled 那就决定了;D.You're kidding me 你在跟我开玩笑吧。此处是对上句
情况的肯定，故选 A。
4. 【2020 年天津卷第二次】 —Next time you visit Bob, remember to give him a call in advance.
— . I will.
______
A. My pleasure B. No wonder C. Good point D. Never mind
【答案】C
【解析】考查情景交际。句意:--下次你去拜访 Bob 的时候，记得提前给他打个电话。 --好主意。我会的。
A. My pleasure 我很荣幸，别客气；B. No wonder 难怪；C. Good point 好主意；D. Never mind 没有关系。根
据”I will”可知，第二个人对第一个人的提议非常赞同。故 C 选项符合语境。故选 C。
5. 【2020 年天津卷第二次】 —Shall I order a taxi for Sarah to go to the airport tonight
— . I’ll drive her there.
______
A. Have a try B. Don’t mention it C. Don’t bother D. Go ahead
【答案】C
【解析】考查情景交际。句意:--今晚我为莎拉叫一辆出租车去机场好吗？ --不用麻烦了。我开车送她去。 A.
Have a try 试一试吧； B. Don’t mention it 别客气，不用谢； C. Don’t bother 不用麻烦了； D. Go ahead 走吧，
干吧。根据“I will drive her there”可知，第二个人会送莎拉去机场，因此他让第一个人“不用麻烦叫出租车”。
故选 C。
(
2019
年
)
1.【2019 年全国卷Ⅱ】They were two reasons for the decision.
第七处： 【解析】考查 there be 句型。句意：有两个原因可以解释这个决定。句中的 they 在前边句中找不到
指代关系，且后边句子中的 one 与 the other 是对这两个原因的解释。故将 they 改为 there。
2.【2019 年江苏卷】 —Let's take a coffee break.
— We' ve been working for hours.
A. Why bother B. What for C. You got me there. D. You said it.
35.D【解析】考查情景对话。——句意：我们休息一下喝杯咖啡吧。——你算说对了。我们已经工作好几 个小时了。下文说“我们已经工作好几个小时了”，上文应该是赞同这个建议。 why bother 没有必要；what for
为什么； You got me there 你把我搞糊涂了； You said it 你算说对了，故选 D。
3.【2019 年天津卷】 ---I guess you want to go play tennis.
--- . That's exactly what I was thinking too.
A. I didn't get it B. It's up to you
C. You never know D. You read my mind
【答案】D
【解析】考查情景交际。句意：---我猜你想去打网球。---你猜透了我的心思。那就是我正在想着的事情。 从回答的后半句可知，听话人同意说话人的意思。而 A（不明白，不认同某人的说法）、B（决于你）和 C
（很难说，不可预知）都不符合语境。 “you read my mind”意为你知我心，符合语境，故选 D。
4.【2019 年天津卷】 ---My son got a full scholarship to his dream university!
----Wow, ! What's he going to study
A. good for him B. go for it
C. what a coincidence D. all the best
【答案】A
【解析】本题考查情景对话。句意：--我的儿子得了他梦想大学的全额奖学金。 --噢，对他有好处!他打算学 习什么呢 good for him“对他有好处” ；go for it“努力争取” ； what a coincidence“多么巧合” ； all the best“祝
一切顺利（祝酒告别时说） ” 。故选 A。
5.【2019 年天津卷】The professor warned tie students that on no account use mobile phones in his
class.
A. should they B. they should
C. dare they D. they dare
【答案】A
【解析】考查部分倒装。句意：这位教授警告学生们，在他的课堂上，决不应该使用手机。 on no account 决 不，否定词放在句首，句子使用部分倒装，应该做 should do,敢于做 dare do，根据句意表示”应该“ ，故选
A。