2024届高考高三英语复习——阅读七选五-段中设空题（含答案）

2024届高考高三英语复习——阅读七选五-段中设空题
1. 三年真题七选五-段中设空题考点细目表
试卷 年份 体裁 主题语境 文 章 结构 选项特征 设空位置 段首 段中 段位
乙卷 2023 说明文 人 与 自 然 - 室 内 植物、及其好处 总 — 分 残 缺 句 + 完整句 0 3 2
甲卷 2023 说明文 人与自我--变得 有耐心的方法 总 — 分 残 缺 句 + 完整句 1 3 1
新高考 Ⅰ卷 2023 说明文 人与自我--学会 自我原谅 总 — 分 — 总 完整句 0 4 1
新高考 Ⅱ卷 2023 说明文 人与自我--怎样 开启艺术之旅 总 — 分 — 总 完整句 1 3 1
全 国 卷 Ⅰ/全 国 乙卷 2022 应用文 人与社会——人际 关系 总—分 残缺句+ 完整句 3 1 1
2021 说明文 人与社会——人际 交往 总—分 —总 残缺句+ 完整句 2 2 1
2020 说明文 人与自我—— 自我 接纳 总—分 完整句 1 3 1
2019 说明文 人与自然——新鲜 空气有助于健康 总—分 完整句 2 3 0
全 国 卷 Ⅱ/全 国 甲卷 2022 说明文 人与社会——社会 与文化 总—分 —总 残缺句+ 完整句 1 3 1
2021 说明文 人与自然——环境 保护 总—分 残缺句+ 完整句 1 4 0
2020 说明文 人与社会——表情 符号与职场交流 并列式 残缺句+ 完整句 1 4 0
2019 议论文 人与自我——有动 力的方法 总—分 完整句 1 4 0
全国 卷Ⅲ 2020 说明文 人与社会——乔迁 聚会 总—分 完整句 2 2 1
2019 说明文 人与自我——建立 健康有益的互动交 流 总—分 完整句 1 3 1
2. 命题规律及备考策略
【命题规律】
从近三年命题的命题来看，此种题主要考查前后句子的逻辑性和内容的连贯性，和句子之间的衔接手法。
当设空在段中时，通常考查该空与前后句子之间的逻辑关系和上下文之间的街接关系。
1）选材特点： 一般为 300 词左右的短文，以记叙文和说明文常见。
2）设空特点： 一般有五种：标题类、主题句类、承上启下类、归纳总结类、语篇拓展类。
【备考策略】
1. 宏观把握文章的篇章结构，理清行文的逻辑线索和文章脉络。当设空处位于首段末尾或段首时，
考虑它是否为总起句或段落主题句，以此作为破题点，便可以快速选出正确答案。
2. 做题时可以圈定一些题干中和选项中的关键线索（比如代词、设空处后的逗号等），这些线索可 以帮助我们排除选项。比如，代词的作用就是指代前面提及的名词或句子，根据指代关系和代词的单复数
差异可以快速解题。
【命题预测】
从近三年命题的发展趋势来看， 预测 2024 年高考阅读理解七选五试题仍然以结构鲜明的指导类说明文
为主，段中句也是考查重点，至少设空 2-3 题。
题型总览
段中设空的题目即为主题句的展开句。此种题要注意分析前后的逻辑性和内容的连贯性，注意句子之间的 衔接手法。当设空在段中时，通常考查该空与前后句子之间的逻辑关系和上下文之间的街接关系。常见的
逻辑关系包括 7 类:总分关系、解释关系、转折关系, 因果关系、递进关系，并列关系和例证关系。
考点一 考查句子逻辑关系
逻辑连接是组织文章最主要的方式， 语义逻辑构成了语篇的框架。对常用的逻辑关系了然于心， 并在阅读时能有 效地找出其连接的对应点，是学生解答“七选五” 的关键。
“七选五” 中常见的逻辑连接可以归类为六种：
（1）并列选择，指选项与前句或后句在结构或内容上一致；
（2）顺承递进，指后句对前句进行补充说明或语义上的延伸；
（3）转折对比，指选项与前句或后句语义相反或相对，后句往往是对前句的修正，表达作者的真正意图； （4）因果目的，指选项与前后句构成因果关系；
（5）概括阐释，指前句对后句或后句对前句进行归纳概括，若前句归纳，后句即是对前句的具体阐释，使得概 念更加清晰易懂；若后句概括，即后句是对前句所阐释的内容进行意义整合；
（6）例证关系，指后句是前句的具体实例。
1.【2023 年 1 月 · 浙江卷】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项
为多余选项。
With gas prices rising and airport security lines snaking longer than ever, why not book your next domestic vacation on a train Compared to other alternatives, it’s comfortable and relaxing. Here is some advice on how to
make a trip by rail as pleasant as possible.
Plan ahead. Most long-distance trains, especially the sleeping car accommodations, sell out very quickly.
36 But no matter when you travel, it’s a good idea to make your reservations at least 90 days in advance.
2. (2020 年 浙 江 高 考 )My mother also encouraged me to make what I wanted. I tried making toy cars with cardboard boxes and constructing buildings from leftover cardboard and bits of wood my father gave me. When my mother saw my creations, she told me how creative my designs were. 34 I learned a lot about how to extend the life of objects and transform them into something new and useful. It was a trait (特点) others found helpful, and
I soon had friends who wanted to make things with me.
F ．Thus, I began my lifelong interest in making things.
【2023 届湖北省荆门市龙泉中学、荆州中学、宜昌一中三校高三下学期 5 月第二次联考】
Learning how to care for a sad person will help you be there for your loved ones and friends when they are down. However, knowing how to care for a sad person is not something an individual is born with. 36
Here are a few tips that will eventually help you lift the spirit of a sad person.
Give a hug. Hugging someone shows your affection and care. 37 This can make them feel relaxed and open to you. This can also help them recognize that you are there to help them go through this moment. With
no kind and loving words, your actions have already said a lot.
38 Now, go on and say some kind words. Words like “I’m here”, “we are in this together”, “you’ll get over this”, “lean on me” and so on, can help a sad person feel better and know that you’re there to take him/her
through the sad moment.
Use the right tone of voice. 39 They go along with tone to convey a meaning to the listener. To
convey your words with faith that would create a positive effect on the sad person, you would need to say it with
the right tone of voice.
Listen patiently. People ask lots of questions but they end up paying little attention to getting the feedback (反
馈) that they wanted. Don’t be that person. After asking the questions, listen patiently to know what the sad person
would appreciate at that time. 40
A ．Say kind loving words.
B ．Make use of polite expressions.
C ．Then choose to appreciate others too.
D ．Remember that words do not stand alone.
E ．It will help you know how to offer the best fitting help.
F ．This knowledge is gained through research and practice.
G ．When you do this to someone, they can feel your warmth.
考点二考查高频词复现
1）复现， 是保证文章前后衔接而经常使用的一种写作手段， 即作者在文章上下文不同的位置对同一个概念 进行重复描述。
复现关系，主要是指原词复现、同义词复现、近义词复现、反义词复现等。
2）同范畴词出现
同范畴词是指跟此词汇相关或同一领域的词汇在文章中共同出现，达到语义衔接的目的。你可以在选项中 找到与此词汇最接近的词，从而达到快而准。一般来说，上下文中词汇联系越接近，上下文的衔接关系越 紧密。
【典例 1】[2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷]
It’s something of a cliché (陈词滥调) that most people learn not from their successes but their mistakes. The thing is, it’s true. 40. We’re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to
develop and grow.
A. A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way.
B. Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.
C. They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.
D. It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.
E. It doesn’t mean you have to ignore what’s happened or forget it.
F. Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down.
G. Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality.
【典例 2】 (2022·全国乙卷 ·节选)
·More isn't always merrier
Make sure you have communicated with your friend about how frequently each of you wants to be contacted and what method works best for you both. 37 ．There are alternatives to constant written communication, such
as leaving voice messages or having a group chat.
C ．It is also helpful for you to be a friendship keeper
D ．Try to find a time that works for both of you and stick to it
E ．Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of communication
F ．It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social media
G ．You may be the friend who left or the one who was left behind
【2023 届黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市高三下学期三模】
Living in the moment is not always easy. Sometimes our thoughts are overwhelmed by regrets about past
events or anxiety about the future, which can make it hard to enjoy the present. If you are having a hard time living
in the moment, there are some simple strategies that may help.
●Change a routine. 16 One way that you can become more aware is to change up your routine. You can
do something as simple as changing the way that you drive to work or changing the way you introduce yourself.
●Learn how to meditate (冥想). Meditation is a great way to train your brain to live in the moment. Learning to meditate takes time, practice, and guidance. 17 . If no classes are available, you can also buy CDs that will
help you learn how to meditate.
●Be grateful for breaks. Instead of becoming impatient when you have to wait for something, practise being
grateful for the extra time to notice your surroundings. 18 For example, if you have to wait in a long line to purchase your morning coffee, take that time to observe your surroundings. As you do so, think about what you are
grateful for in that moment.
● 19 Performing random acts of kindness can help you to live in the moment by refocusing your
attention on what’s happening in front of you. Look for small things that you can do to show kindness to others.
The kind acts that you perform will help you to slow down and notice your surroundings.
●Smile and laugh more often. Living in the moment can be a challenge if you are in a bad mood or just feeling
a little down, but smiling and laughing can make you feel better even you force yourself to smile and
laugh. 20
A ．Do kind things for others.
B ．You’d better find a meditation class in your area.
C ．Treat the extra time as a break and appreciate the time.
D ．To get started with meditation, find a quiet spot and get comfortable.
E ．Being grateful is an important principle of life and a great wisdom.
F ．You may not be living in the moment because you are too set in your life.
G ．Even if you put on an affected smile, you should start to feel better right away.
考点三 考查前后句子中的代词指代
英语表达中代词出现的频率极高，代词的作用无非是指代前面提及的名词或形容词概念，巧妙利用这样的 指代关系和根据代词的单复数差异可以准确而快速地解题。例如 it 可指代单数名词或整个句子；they 或 them 指代复数名词；one 指代单数可数名词；that 指代不可数名词或句子；this 指代单数名词或句子;these 或 those
指代前句的复数名词。
（2023 年新高考 I 卷）You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list. 39 That way, you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through. In fact, don’t wait until you’ve made a mistake to try this—it’s a great way to boost self-confidence at any
time.
A. A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way.
B. Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.
C. They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.
D. It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.
E. It doesn’t mean you have to ignore what’s happened or forget it.
F. Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down.
G. Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality.
【典例 2】(2022·全国甲卷 ·节选)
Chopstick Rules
The way you handle chopsticks is important to avoid annoying your companions.When you put them down
between bites, always put them down together so they are parallel with the edge of the table in front of you. 37 .
A ．The more friends you make in your lifetime
B ．The more time you spend in any given country
C ．Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with utensils
D ．Don't get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant
E ．It's a good sign for the chef if you make a mess around your plate
F ．Never stick them upright in your food or cross them as you use them
G ．It may seem like a simple request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal
[2023·湖北省华中师范大学第一附属中学第二次学业质量评价检测]
Like it or love it, social media is a major part of life. Teens spend more than half of their waking hours online.
They use some of that time to post pictures and create profiles on social media accounts. 1
...
Joining social media can give people a sense of being in the know. But posts may exaggerate (夸大) how well
our friends and others are feeling, making them appear much happier than we are. 5
A ．It can also lower the viewer’s self-control.
B ．A popular post doesn’t necessarily mean it is a quality post.
C ．It’s no surprise: Feedback from peers affects how teens behave.
D ．Their brains respond to those likes by turning on the reward center.
E ．And that can, inappropriately, make us feel less successful than them.
F ．But those “likes” can have power that goes beyond a simple connection.
G ．Most of what they do is read and respond to posts by friends and family.
考点四 考查前后句子相似结构
（2022 年全国甲卷）
...
Making Requests
39 It may seem like a simple request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal . In Portugal, this would be a
serious mistake, because it shows the chef that you don’t like their seasoning skills. Similarly, in Italy, never ask for
extra cheese to add to your food.
Some of these cultural dining etiquette rules may seem random and strange, but they are important in various
countries. 40 , the more comfortable you’ll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices.
A. The more friends you make in your lifetime
B. The more time you spend in any given country
C. Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with utensils
D. Don’t get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant
E. It’s a good sign for the chef if you make a mess around your plate
F. Never stick them upright in your food or cross them as you use them
G. It may seem like a simple request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal
（2023·山东师范大学附属中学高三 6 月试题）
The power of positive thinking
Is your glass of milk half-full or half-empty 1 Do they focus on the positives (a half-full glass) or the negatives (a half-empty one) Thinking positively, with a belief that most things will turn out well, is called optimism — and it’s known to boost your well-being. The good news is that everybody can learn to think more
positively.
2
Research shows that people who are optimistic and think positively tend to experience less stress and cope well when faced with life’s challenges. People who are more pessimistic (expect that the worst will happen) may
find it hard to believe that these challenges will pass.
Worrying is like a fire alarm.
Everybody can worry from time to time. Worrying can help to keep you safe — if you were never worried and
were overly positive about how things would turn out, you wouldn’t recognize risks. “ 3 It’s like a fire
alarm,” says child psychotherapist Rachel Melville-Thomas. “The trouble is that sometimes it goes off when there
isn’t a huge danger to face.” When this happens, you can feel anxious and hopeless about what lies ahead.
Learn to think positively.
Optimism is shaped by your genes which carry characteristics inherited from your parents and by what happens to you. 4 Research has shown that it can help to draw or write an outcome that’s positive-for
example, an image of you playing guitar, having passed your next grade. 5
A ．Your genes will in turn help obtain it.
B ．This question makes you lost in thought.
C ．Why is thinking positively good for you
D ．Imagining this can motivate you to work to achieve it.
E ．Worrying is our brain warning us of something threatening.
F ．However, whatever your starting point is, everyone can learn it.
G ．This saying is often used to test people’s outlook in a situation.
过关检测
（2023·重庆 · 重庆市育才中学校考三模） How to develop personal accountability
Personal accountability means taking responsibility for your life. It plays a significant role in the fulfillment you get from your personal and professional life. 1 These five strategies will help you start being accountable
today.
Be self-aware.
Whenever you want to make excuses for your behavior, step back and evaluate your emotions from a sensible place. Whether at work or in your personal life, be willing to step up and take responsibility, even if you are afraid
of what will happen if things go wrong.
Turn your “shoulds” into “musts”.
2 Start with turning your “shoulds” into “musts.” Our lives are filled with things we “should” do. To turn these goals into “musts,” connect them to your purpose in life. Understand that they are essential to your
happiness. Make a promise to yourself to live with no regrets.
Set goals.
Setting goals (even small ones) and achieving them allows you to demonstrate that you can hold yourself
accountable. 3
Watch your words.
Everyone has an inner monolog (独白) that affects the way we interact with the world. That little voice turns into the behaviors we engage in and the words we choose to speak. 4 Next time something goes wrong
notice how you react.
5
Ask a friend to hold you accountable for certain goals; this can be especially helpful if you share a common
goal. For example if you’re both training to run a race set up check-ins to see how the other is doing.
A ．Transform your mindset.
B ．Conduct emotional evaluation.
C ．Have an accountability partner.
D ．However, many people struggle with it.
E ．When you achieve your goals, take time to celebrate in your own way.
F ．Change your thoughts and think about how to improve yourself.
G ．The ability to stop any negative self-talk is vital to positively engaging with others.
（2023·贵州遵义 · 统考三模）As human beings, we’re all guilty of getting things wrong occasionally, whether
we are at work or in our personal lives. 6
●Step away from being perfect
When you’re not sure of your own self-worth, you wonder how other people are going to see you. If you don’t feel good about yourself, you might feel like there’s less room for error. The smallest mistake can feel like a
disastrous error. Nobody’s perfect. You may make mistakes, especially when you’re starting out. 7
●Turn to social support
Your mistake might feel like a huge event in your life, but chances are others won’t see it as such a big deal. Reaching out to friends or family can help you see the bigger picture and feel more confident. 8 . When you have that softness, and you have relationships that give you confidence, you might be able to take some of life’s
challenges with a lighter eye.
● 9
Accepting unavoidable mistakes might help to soften your blow. What you can do after making a mistake is
accept that you’ve messed up and promise to be better tomorrow. 10 . Instead of beating yourself up, take a moment to reflect on what you’ve learned from your mistake and how you could handle things for the better in
future.
Forgiving yourself after making a mistake isn’t always an easy thing, and beating yourself up doesn’t benefit
anyone—So it’s better for you to make changes and move on.
A ．Promise to do better.
B ．Forgive others’ mistakes.
C ．Some people are perfectionists.
D ．That’s the way to forgive yourself.
E ．Don’t expect perfection in everything you do.
F ．However, the value of social support is often overlooked.
G ．Here’s how we can forgive ourselves when facing our mistakes.
（2023·湖南郴州 · 校联考模拟预测） Four Reasons Why Quiet People Are Successful
They listen more than they talk, so they learn a lot
Quiet people don’t fill every conversation with their own thoughts and opinions, and they certainly don’t feel the need to pretend that they know everything. 11 . They then use that information to form an opinion at a
later time.
They can gain trust easily
Quiet people have an advantage when it comes to gaining trust because they don’t overreact to things or wear their feelings on their sleeves. 12 . They don’t come across as being pushy or aggressive like some other people who are always trying to get their way. And since quiet people don’t feel pressured to fill every gap in a
conversation with words, they’re less likely to make mistakes during presentations or meetings.
They are great planners
Quiet people are often successful because they have great planning skills. 13 . They think about what needs to be done and how to go about it in order to achieve their goals. They ensure everything is done according to
plan, so there is little room for doubt or mistakes.
14
Quiet people tend to be more selective about what they focus on, which means they are less likely to be
distracted (分心) by other people or things around them. They can focus on a task with single-minded determination
and finish it faster than those who talk too much or get distracted easily by their surroundings. 15 .
A ．They seldom show off
B ．They are more concentrated
C ．They often have a lot of fresh ideas
D ．Instead, they are more likely to take in what others say
E ．For this reason, people who talk less are often seen as more honest
F ．They know how to map out their goals and accomplish them efficiently
G ．Additionally, quiet individuals also have the ability to concentrate for a long time
（2023·重庆 · 重庆南开中学校考三模）For some people, holiday travel includes more than simply getting to their destination. 16 Whether is a way to save money, or spend more time with loved ones—it’s important to keep in mind that you’re a guest in someone’s home. Even if your host in vied you to say and said that it was no trouble at all”, know that accommodating you does take time, energy and possibly money, and the least you can do
is not make things harder for them. 17
Showing up un announced
This really should go without saying—and applies to any type of visit to someone’s home, any me of the year-but don’t show up at someone’s door unannounced, or assume you can stay with them without asking first. 18 But if that’s not motivation enough, consider the possibility that they may not be home, or have made other
pans, and may not be able to put you up.
Ignoring house rules
19 Or perhaps they requested that you say something in a low voice after 9 p.m. Unless you have an excuse—which you should discuss with your host—you need to follow their house rules. If they didn’t mention any
when you first arrived, start that conversation yourself.
Acting like you’re staying in a hotel
When you’re an overnight guest in a friend or relative’s home, you cannot expect the service of a hotel. 20 So don’t expect someone to make your bed or cleanup after you, meals prepared for you, or to have the run of the
place.
If you can follow some guest rules, you will be more popular when visiting and staying at the homes of
relatives and friends.
A ．Here are some things you can do for them.
B ．Have you ever been asked to follow some rules
C ．It also means overnight stays with family or friends.
D ．Did your host ask you to leave your outside shoes at the door
E ．Your host is doing you a favor by letting you stay in their home for free.
F ．Here are a few mistakes to avoid when you’re staying in someone’s home.
G ．There are many reasons not to do this out of respect for your potent l host.
（2023·重庆 · 重庆八中校考三模）Revenge bedtime procrastination ( 报复性睡眠拖延症) refers to the decision to delay sleep in response to stress or a lack of free time earlier in the day. The addition of the word “revenge”, by the Chinese, to the concept of bedtime procrastination became popular on social media. 21 Both language versions reflect frustration tied to long, stressful work hours that left little time for personal
enjoyment.
People who engage in bedtime procrastination know and generally want to receive enough sleep. 22
This is known as an intention-behavior gap.
Bedtime procrastination can cause sleep deprivation ( 缺 乏). 23 Not getting enough sleep affects thinking, memory, and decision-making. Sleep deprivation also raises the risk of daytime sleepiness, which can
harm productivity and academic achievement while increasing the risks of sleeping driving.
24 It causes difficulties in regulating emotions. It’s also been connected to mental health disorders, such as depression and anxiety. It is also discovered that sleep deprivation worsens physical health, making people
more easily to suffer from illnesses. Ongoing sleep loss consequences can build up over time. 25
The best solution for bedtime procrastination is creating good sleep patterns and a good sleeping environment.
But remember that it will take more than one night to truly get into good sleep habits.
A ．But they fail to actually do so.
B ．The Chinese are noted for working long hours.
C ．A lack of sleep is tied to mental and physical health.
D ．Therefore, it contributes to significant long-term health problems.
E ．We struggle to stay productive during the day to make up for the loss.
F ．Without enough hours of sleep, the mind and body can’t properly recharge.
G ．The English term “revenge bedtime procrastination” appeared from a translation of this expression.
（2023·湖南常德 · 常德市一中校考模拟预测） How Laughing at Yourself Makes You Attractive
Have you ever embarrassed yourself in public and got laughed at for it 26 And it’s okay — we
should even have a laugh about them.
●Laughing at yourself means accepting who you really are. You may feel bad about yourself because of past misfortune. However, it’s normal to be imperfect. What’s important is that you should be honest with yourself
about who you are. 27 You won’t be able to laugh at yourself without self-acceptance.
●Laughing at yourself helps increase your confidence. When you are able to stay optimistic and laugh at yourself, you are likely to be more successful in life. 28 More importantly, it helps you realize your own
weaknesses so you know which areas to do better in.
● 29 Laughing at someone else may hurt their feelings even if you didn’t intend to, while laughing at yourself does not — you might even bring a smile to their faces. People will like it, because it shows that you
have the courage to do so and you’re being real about your imperfections.
Just remember that humans all make mistakes. So instead of blaming yourself, try to think of your mistakes in
a positive way and accept yourself just as you are. 30
A ．Laughing at yourself makes you popular.
B ．Accept yourself despite your imperfections.
C ．You don’t need to take yourself seriously all the time.
D ．Chances are that we all have these kinds of experiences.
E ．Learn to laugh at yourself and you will be more attractive.
F ．Laughing at yourself changes an ideal image of yourself.
G ．This is because laughing at yourself contributes to your mental health.
（2023·山西临汾 · 临汾第一中学校校联考三模） When you wake up every morning, what will you do first to start your day 31 . Here are some things productivity experts do to get weekday mornings off to a good
start.
I drink a glass of cold water.
Every morning, I start my day with a big glass of ice water. 32 , rehydrating(补充水分) with ice water
helps me think more clearly. To make this morning step a no-brainer, I fill up a cup with ice water and place it on my nightstand before bed. When I wake up, it’s right there and ready for me without having to make my way to the
kitchen.
I do a breathing exercise to get centered.
I enjoy staying up late at night, so the early morning club is not for me. These three simple habits have been helpful for me: daily affirmation (坚定信念) ，breathing exercise and gratitude journaling. Once awake, I silently say a positive affirmation. Usually, it is “I am calm. Breathe.” 33 . It takes 10 minutes, but if I do not have time, I would just do a one-minute breathing exercise. Finally, my gratitude journal helps me set the intention for
the day.
34 .
We live in a world where work never ends, so it’s up to us to set our own finish lines to start a day and celebrate when we cross it. Our brains find this much more rewarding, and less tend to be attracted by other
distractions (分心).
I think deeply, then review my schedule.
I think deeply and keep a journal every morning before I begin work. This helps me relax and prepare for the
day to come. I then review my schedule for the day and week, making note of work sessions. 35 .
A ．I set my own goal for the day
B ．I decide how I want my day to end
C ．Lastly, I create a short list of my daily to-dos
D ．Because you lack water after sleeping all night
E ．Although it’s appealing to head straight for the coffee
F ．Then a breathing exercise follows to deepen the positive affirmation
G ．Actually small steps can be done to make a big difference in your work
（2023·湖南长沙 · 湖南师大附中校考一模）Are you an elementary or high school student with all kinds of invention ideas You might not know what to do with all of these ideas or how to turn them into workable
inventions. 36
Identify a problem worth solving.
Look at the world around you and ask yourself: What could work better What task could be done better or
faster What annoys you and how could you fix it 37 Not every idea will be a great one, but don’t be
afraid to think outside the box.
Draft your idea.
Draw out a basic illustration of what your invention will look like. 38 List the types of materials you would use to build the finished project. Don’t hesitate to make multiple drafts of the same design until you are
satisfied with the result.
39
You don’t need to use the highest quality materials, but simply ones that will give you a functional working device. Try checking second-hand stores and yard sales for parts that you can use. This will be much more
cost-effective and you will also be eco-friendly.
Build your invention.
If you will be working with power tools or other dangerous materials, you will likely need adult supervision.
Ask your parents when they have enough free time to sit down with you and start building. 40
After everything is completed, it’s time to test out and market your invention. If it turns out well-received, you
may even have your invention patented and mass- produced down the road.
A ．Or turn to your older peers if they can help you out as well.
B ．If you enjoy creating things, you may consider becoming an inventor.
C ．With some planning and practice, you can make these ideas into a working device.
D ．Be creative with your ideas.
E ．Gather the necessary materials.
F ．Look around your home for recycled materials that you may be able to use.
G ．Make notes about how various pieces will go together.
（2023·浙江绍兴 · 统考模拟预测） Who would win in a fight, a lion or a tiger Well, if size has anything to do with the matter, the tiger would win. 41 They are also fast. They can sprint as fast as 40 miles per hour for short distances and leap as far as 30 feet horizontally. This makes for an extremely dangerous attack. You might
not think that such large, fast, and ferocious creatures need help to survive, but they do. 42
Tigers are hunted for many reasons. People have long valued the famous striped skins. Though trading tiger
skins is now illegal in most parts of the world, they are worth around $10,000 on the black-market. 43
Many Asian cultures believe that various tiger parts have healing properties.
44 However, perhaps more damage has been caused through the destruction of habitat. Tigers once
ranged widely across Asia, but over the past 100 years, tigers have lost 93% of their historic range.
A major obstacle to preserving tigers is the enormous amount of territory that each tiger requires. Each wild tiger demands between 200 and 300 square miles. Tigers are also both territorial and solitary ( 独居的) animals. 45 Since tigers need so much territory, it is difficult for conservationists to acquire land enough to support a large population of tigers. Even when these considerable spaces are provided, it is even more difficult to move around such large areas to prevent the illegal hunting. There is no easy way to preserve the wild tiger population
without making large sacrifices.
A ．The tiger is an endangered species.
B ．Restoring the world’s tiger population is possible.
C ．Other parts of the tiger can also fetch a pretty penny.
D ．That’s because tigers are the largest of all cat species.
E ．Traditional Chinese medicine use tiger bones in some prescriptions.
F ．This means they generally do not share with other tigers the areas they claim.
G ．Humans have done considerable damage to the tiger population through hunting.
（2023·重庆巴南 · 校联考模拟预测） For some people, practicing gratitude is part of their spiritual practice or religion, while for others, it’s about cultivating a more positive outlook on life. 46 , there is no doubt
about the benefits to be gained.
Improved mood
When you practice gratitude, you shift your focus from negative thoughts and feelings to positive ones. Instead of thinking about everything that makes you unhappy, gratitude makes you think about all the things that are good
— no matter how big or small. Practicing gratitude will make you feel more optimistic. 47 .
Better relationship
When you think about all the things you are grateful for, you will think of the people in your life that you care for — your family and friends. 48 , chances are that you’ll want to show them how much they mean to
you and how much you appreciate them. And that can strengthen your connection with them.
Reduced stress
49 . So they often feel stressed. Maybe they’re having trouble at work, maybe they’re in financial difficulty, or maybe they feel like they’re just not good enough at something. But by practicing gratitude, they’re
able to view things properly.
50
Instead of focusing on all the things that you’re bad at or things you’ve failed at, practicing gratitude will shift your focus on all the amazing things you’ve accomplished. And once you realize that, you’ll boost your feelings of achievement. Just focus on what you are grateful for in yourself. It will help you to appreciate your own strengths
and talents.
A ．Increased focus
B ．Improved self-worth
C ．People are facing a certain problem
D ．You have plenty of reasons to be happy
E ．That helps you realize life isn’t as bad as you thought
F ．Whatever someone’s reason for practicing gratitude is
G ．Once you realize how grateful you are to have them in your life
（2023·江苏南京 · 南京市第一中学校考模拟预测）Sometimes dealing with your negative emotions can be challenging. When life is stressful, it’s very easy to give in to feelings of anger or depression. 51 Here
are some ways that car help you better deal with a wide range of negative emotions.
·Acknowledge your feelings.
Dealing with negative emotions can be difficult. But it’s important to allow yourself to experience those emotions, as suppressing (抑制) them can cause stress. 52 For example, if you are feeling nervous, ask
yourself, “What am I afraid of ” Acknowledging the issue can help you figure out how to handle it.
· 53
Small changes can have a big impact on your emotional health. Try changing your space to make it a more calming place. For example, if your negative emotions arise from feeling out of control, try organizing your space.
Clearing up the mess can make you feel on top of things.
·Shift your focus away from the bad thing.
When you know that something is causing a negative emotion, try to shift your focus away from that situation.
For example, if you are stuck in a traffic jam and running late, shift your focus from the traffic to listening to your
favorite CD ． 54
·Talk about your feelings
Talking about your negative emotions is very productive. Try talking to your friends or family members. It is a good idea to let your loved ones know your feelings. Try saying, “I’ve been really stressed out lately. Do you have time to talk things through with me ” 55 It’s fine to express anger or frustration, but do so without
shouting.
A ．Have a try to change your environment.
B ．Be calm and reasonable while you are talking.
C ．It’s common to be filled with negative emotions.
D ．You don’t have to spend too much effort on them.
E ．When you experience a negative emotion, acknowledge it.
F ．Focusing on something positive can help to calm you down.
G ．However, you will be more productive if you can handle them.
（2023·河北 · 校联考三模）Unlike other natural disasters such as hurricanes, earthquakes are very hard to see coming, even for scientists. 56 Thus, specific practices for earthquake preparedness are necessary. Here are
four steps you can take to prepare yourself in advance.
Drop, cover and hold
If you feel the ground start to shake, drop, take cover under as table piece of furniture, and hold on. You can hide under something like a desk or table, with one arm holding on to a leg of the table and your other arm protecting your neck and head. 57 In modern homes, it is no stronger than any other part of the house and
will not protect you from injury.
Make a family plan
58 Create a meeting point—somewhere easy for everyone to remember, or you could also meet at home. Whatever plan you decide on, don’t rely on your phone as your main form of communication. Technology fails all the time in disasters. A major earthquake in California, for example, damaged cell towers and knocked out
communication services for days.
Secure your furniture
Those hanging shelves above your bed could be a danger during an earthquake. People often get injured from “flying or falling objects” like furniture or glass during earthquakes. So examine your home and ask yourself,
“What could be a potential danger to my safety ” 59
Make digital copies of important documents
Important documents may get destroyed during earthquakes. Therefore, scan or take photos of your important documents, such as your license, financial records and insurance policy information. 60 This step can help
ensure your documents will be available even if your computer is lost in a quake.
A ．Then send them to your e-mail.
B ．These are all important personal documents.
C ．Make sure your household has a plan of action.
D ．Whatever you do, do not stand in a doorframe.
E ．If you find the answer, you need to runaway immediately.
F ．Nowadays early detection systems can only give seconds of warming ahead.
G ．If possible, remove those heavy and big objects above your bed immediately.
（2024·浙江 · 统考模拟预测）When students get home, they usually sit down at the table and pull out their homework. Piles of papers rise all the way to the ceiling. American students should get less homework on a daily
basis. 61
Loads of homework can cause stress in a student and lead to health issues in the body and mind. Stress causes lack of sleep, slipping grades, tiredness, unhealthy eating habits, depression, and so on. Nervous breakdowns can
make completing homework much more of a struggle and also effect the health and life of a student.
62 The recommended amount is 10 minutes times the grade level. So first grade gets 10 minutes; second grade gets 20 minutes; third grade gets 30 minutes, and so on, but kids are doing much more than that. Twenty three percent of 13-year-olds do more than 2 hours a night. 63 There is no academic benefit for high school students after 2 hours and there are no academic benefits for middle school students after 1 and a half
hours.
Doing homework all night can take away a student’s free time and sleep. Always doing homework can lead to less time for sports and after-school activities. 64 Worse still, hanging out with friends is decreased, so
that means there is less socializing. Staying up late and doing homework takes away a student’s time to sleep. Not
enough sleep can leave students tired, and at school they might focus less or fall asleep during class.
Shouldn’t students get less homework so that they can be happy and have more time with family and friends 65 If teachers and parents tried to reduce the amount of homework, there would be a decrease in stress and
anxiety and an increase in happiness!
A ．Lack of sleep can cause great stress.
B ．The more the students do, the less they get out of doing it.
C ．Administrators, teachers, and parents need to address this issue.
D ．Family time is also decreased, which can add more family conflict.
E ．Homework-related anxiety and stress can affect school work negatively.
F ．Kids are doing more than the recommended amount with no academic benefits.
G ．Anyway, too much homework can cause quite a few physical and mental problems.
（2023·浙江 · 校联考模拟预测） Some people measure success by the wealth they’ve accumulated, or the
status they’ve achieved. Yet, even though they’ve reached success beyond their wildest dreams, they still feel
something is missing from their life. Their soul may be searching for something more. 66
Although everyone is different, there are common threads that bind a life with purpose.
Live by your beliefs and values.
People who live a life of purpose have core beliefs and values that influence their decisions, shape their daily actions, and determine their priorities. They place significant value on being a person of virtue. 67 And
they spend more time listening to their inner voice than being influenced by others.
Follow your passion.
People who live a life of purpose wake up each morning eager to face the new day. They pursue their dreams with enthusiasm, put their heart into everything they do, and feel that they’re personally making a difference. As
James Dean once said, “ 68 ”
Feel content.
People who live a life of purpose have an inner peace. They’re satisfied with what they have and who they are. 69 As the saying goes, “The real measure of your wealth is how much you’d be worth if you lost all your
money.”
70
People who live a life of purpose have a positive impact on someone else’s life. They are willing to help people in need and make their life better and happier. They gain as much satisfaction witnessing the success of
others as witnessing their own.
Without purpose, it’s easy to wander aimlessly through life instead of following your North Star. Without
purpose, it’s easy to achieve remarkable success and still feel that life is passing you by.
A ．Make a difference.
B ．It’s the purpose of life.
C ．Put others before yourself.
D ．So they live with certain moral principles.
E ．The secret of success is constancy to purpose.
F ．Dream as if you’ll live forever and live as if you’ll die today.
G ．To them, the grass is greener on their own side of the fence.
（2023·四川成都 · 统考模拟预测）How do you express gratitude in your everyday life For me, it sometimes feels worrying: hand-writing hundreds of thank you cards after an anniversary, or making sure to eat every last bite
on my plate so my grandma wouldn’t think I was ungrateful for the meal.
71 Here are some tips about how to be better at showing gratitude.
Start a gratitude journal or write a letter. Make it a habit to put down the things that you’re thankful for. 72 There’s also some evidence that it could lower your risk of heart disease and symptoms of depression for some people. Think of someone in your life who you have not had the chance to thank. Think of a specific instance
when they helped you. Then, it’s a good idea to send them a letter. 73
74 Look around in your immediate space, and take notice of everything that makes up your environment: the sky, the cool wind, the warmth of your sweater. The act of simply noticing and naming things is a great way to stretch your gratitude muscle as well as obtain some clarity on the strength of all the unique
connections in your life.
Bear in mind the difference between saying ”thanks to “and ”thanks for“. Being grateful ”for“ something can be a little unclear or general. 75 It encourages specificity and reminds you of your connection with and
responsibility to that person or thing.
A ．Stretch your gratitude muscle.
B ．Notice the world surrounding you.
C ．Better still, deliver it in person and read it to them.
D ．A habitual gratitude journal will certainly benefit us.
E ．But experts say it doesn’t have to be that complicated.
F ．In fact, this habit reduces materialism and enhances generosity.
G ．Being grateful “to” something or someone implies a direct relationship.
真题演练
(
2023
年
)
Passage 1
【2023 年新高考全国Ⅰ卷】Personal Forgiveness
Taking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step, but don’t beat yourself up about them. To err (犯错) is
human. 16 You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this.
In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading “Personal strengths.” 17 Are you caring Creative Generous A good listener Fun to be around They don’t have to be world-changing, just aspects of your personality
that you’re proud of.
At the top of a second page, put the heading “Acts of kindness.” On this one, list all the positive things you’ve done for others. It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework, when you did the ironing without
being asked, or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day. 18
You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list. 19 That way, you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through. In fact, don’t wait
until you’ve made a mistake to try this—it’s a great way to boost self-confidence at any time.
It’s something of a cliché (陈词滥调) that most people learn not from their successes but their mistakes. The thing is, it’s true. 20 We’ re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to
develop and grow.
A. A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way.
B. Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.
C. They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.
D. It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.
E. It doesn’t mean you have to ignore what’s happened or forget it.
F. Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down.
G. Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality.
Passage 2
【2023 年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】As an artist who shares her journey on social media, I’m often asked by curious followers how to begin an art journey. Unfortunately, there is no magic list I can offer. I do remember, though, what
it was like to be a complete beginner. So I’ve put together some good tips for starting an art journey.
·Start small. I suggest using a sketchbook (素描本) for small studies. These small studies provide inspiration and maybe a springboard for more complex works in the future. 16 You’ll want to look back on your journey
to see how far you’ve come.
·Paint often and paint from life. There’s no better way to improve than to put in those brush miles. Whether you
paint still lifes, portraits, or landscapes, paint from life as much as possible. 17
·Continually challenge yourself to try something new. 18 Artistic growth can be a bit painful. Welcome to the club；we’ve all been there. I love taking on challenges. I once took up a challenge to create a painting every
day for a month and post the works online.
· 19 Seeking and accepting constructive feedback (反馈) is crucial to growth. I post my work on social media and, in turn, have met some of the kindest people. They make me feel valued and respected, no matter my level
of artistic ability.
The journey you’re on won’t follow a straight path. 20 Push through, give it time and put in the effort.
You will harvest the rewards of an artistic life.
A Get out of your comfort zone.
.
B. Make career plans and set goals.
C. Don’t throw away your beginner art.
D. Share your work if you feel comfortable doing so.
E. You’ll hit roadblocks, and you’ll feel discouraged at times.
F. Evaluate your performance and, if needed, redefine your role.
G. You’ll develop that painting muscle memory that only comes with repetition.
Passage 3
【2023 年全国乙卷】Indoor plants might look as if they just sit around not doing much, but in many ways they are
the unsung heroes of the home. 16 , but studies have shown that they can promote people’s wellbeing by
improving their mood (心情), reducing stress and helping their memory. What’s more, indoor plants are easy to look
after and are not very expensive.
What are indoor plants
Indoor plants, also known as houseplants or pot plants, are plants that like to grow indoors. Many of these
species (物种) are not ideally suited to growing outside in the UK, especially in the winter. 17 .
Why are indoor plants good for you
Will Spoelstra, who works at the Royal Botanic Gardens, says, “ 18 . I find during the winter months, plants around the house can really lift your mood.” Several studies have backed this up and found that indoor plants
can improve creativity, focus and memory. There is also research showing that pot plants can clean the air around
them by removing harmful gases, such as carbon dioxide. They also remove some harmful chemicals from paints or
cooking. 19 .
Which plants can you grow
Aloe vera, peace lilies and spider plants are some of the species that are easy to grow indoors. You can buy
plants from supermarkets, garden centres or online. Younger plants are often cheaper than fully grown ones, and you get to care for them as they mature — which is part of the joy of owning plants. “ 20 ,” Spoelstra says. “It can
bring a new interest and focus into people’s lives and help to make the link between home and nature.”
A. All plants are different
B. Not only do they look beautiful
C. There are many benefits to growing plants indoors
D. Instead, they grow better inside, where it is warmer
E. Plants like peace lilies and devil’s tongue are among the best
F. Changing the pot of your plant from time to time will also help
G. Learning about the requirements of each plant can be very rewarding
Passage 4
【2023 年全国甲卷】Tricks To Becoming A Patient Person
Here’s a riddle: What do traffic jams, long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common There is
one answer. 16 .
___
In the Digital Age, we’re used to having what we need immediately and right at our fingertips. However,
research suggests that if we practiced patience, we’dbe a whole lot better off. Here are several tricks.
●Practice gratitude (感激)
Thankfulness has a lot of benefits: Research shows it makes us happier, less stressed and even more optimistic.
17 . “Showing thankfulness can foster self-control,” said Ye Li, researcher at the University of California.
● Make yourself wait
Instant gratification (满足) may seem like the most “feel good” option at the time, but psychology research suggests waiting for things actually makes us happier in the long run. And the only way for us to get into the habit of waiting is to practice. 18 . Put off watching your favorite show until the weekend or wait 10 extra minutes before going for that cake. You’ll soon find that the more patience you practice, the more you start to apply it to other,
more annoying situations.
● 19 .
___
So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate, and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone, we get impatient about the circumstances. You should learn to say to
yourself, “ 20 .” You’ll then gradually become more patient.
A. Find your causes
B. Start with small tasks
C. Accept the uncomfortable
D. All this adds up to a state of hurry
E. It can also help us practice more patience
F. This is merely uncomfortable, not intolerable
G. They’re all situations where we could use a little extra patience
Passage 5
【2023 年北京卷】It’s a joyful and stressful time of year in the United States for students and their families as
they make decisions about where to attend college. Families often turn to rankings systems to help make a decision.
35
____
When I talk to families as a scholar of higher education, they’re often surprised that teaching excellence is not
counted in rankings. 36
Emerging research suggests that courses in lower-ranked universities, on average, scored higher on teaching than courses in higher-ranked universities. 37 The absence of teaching excellence from the rankings is surprising given the link between high-quality teaching and student success. Quality teaching is one of the most
important predictors of a wide range of college outcomes.
Rankings, however, are only one reason why a low value is placed on teaching in higher education.
Administrators often don’t view teaching excellence as a way to increase enrolment (注册) or funding. 38 Research shows that the more time instructors spend on teaching, the lower their salary. What is the result？ Many
instructors continue to teach using traditional lectures, which lead to lower success rates.
39 Nevertheless, not much will change until schools with high-quality teaching are rewarded with more resources, higher rankings and increased enrolments. In the long term, universities, organisations that rank
schools, and others should work to make teaching a valued, core part of the mission.
What should students and their families do They should give strong consideration to universities where
high-quality teaching is valued, even though the schools may be ranked lower.
A. Higher education has achieved its true potential.
B. Therefore, it’s not highly valued in hiring or promotion.
C. Quality teaching has been an important reputation-building factor.
D. However, the rankings ignore a critical factor: the quality of teaching.
E. Efforts to improve teaching at the university level have recently emerged.
F. They’re even more surprised at how teaching is undervalued by universities.
G. In fact, universities often shift emphasis from teaching to other ranking factors.
(
2022
年阅读理解七选五
(
说明文
)
)
Passage1
【2022 年新高考全国Ⅰ 卷】Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasons to Thank Your
Workout Partner.” One reason was: “You’ll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the gym, ” while another read: “ 16 ” With a workout partner, you will increase your training effort as there is a subtle
(微妙) competition.
So, how do you find a workout partner
First of all, decide what you want from that person. 17 Or do you just want to be physically fit, able to
move with strength and flexibility Think about the exercises you would like to do with your workout partner.
You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media, but it probably won’t result in a useful
response. 18 If you plan on working out in a gym, that person must belong to the same gym.
My partner posted her request on the noticeboard of a local park. Her notice included what kind of training she wanted to do, how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each session, and her age. It also
listed her favorite sports and activities, and provided her phone number. 19
You and your partner will probably have different skills. 20 Over time, both of you will benefit — your
partner will be able to lift more weights and you will become more physically fit. The core (核心) of your relationship
is that you will always be there to help each other.
A. Your first meeting may be a little awkward.
B. A workout partner usually needs to live close by.
C. You’ll work harder if you train with someone else.
D. Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport
E. How can you write a good “seeking training partner” notice
F. Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other.
G. Any notice for a training partner should include such information.
Passage2
【2022 年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】Writing an essay is a difficult process for most people. However, the process can
be made easier if you learn to practice three simple techniques.
16 When you are first trying to think of ideas for an essay, put your pen to your paper and write nonstop for ten or fifteen minutes without letting your pen leave the paper. Stay loose and free. 17 Don’t worry about grammar or spelling. Even though this technique won’t work for everyone, it helps many people get a good store of
ideas to draw on.
The next technique is to write your draft rapidly without worrying about being perfect. 18 Yet, by
learning to live with imperfection, you will save yourself headaches and a wastepaper basket full of crumpled (弄皱)
paper. Think of your first draft as a path cut out of the jungle—as part of an exploration, not as a complete highway.
The third technique is to try printing out a triple—spaced (三倍行距) copy to allow space for revision.
19 As a result, these writers never get in the habit of crossing out chunks (大块) of their draft and writing
revisions in the blank space. After you have revised your draft until it is too messy to work from anymore, you can
enter your changes into your word processor. 20 The resulting blank space invites you to revise.
A. Make sure your handwriting is neat.
B. Let your pen follow the waves of thought.
C. The second draft of the essay should be better.
D. First of all, learn the technique of nonstop writing.
E. Too many writers try to get their drafts right the first time.
F. Many beginning writers don’t leave enough space to revise.
G. Then you can print out a fresh draft, again setting your text on triple-space.
Passage3
【2022 年全国乙卷】Friendship needs care and attention to keep it in good health. Here are five ways to
sustain (保持) long-distance friendships.
·Set a regular date
Long-lasting friendships share the characteristic that both sides equally contact (联系) and share with one
another. With busy schedules, squeezing in phone calls can be a challenge. 16 .
·More isn’t always merrier
Make sure you have communicated with your friend about how frequently each of you wants to be contacted and what method works best for you both. 17 . There are alternatives to constant written communication, such as
leaving voice messages or having a group chat.
·Practise empathy (共情)
18 . The friend who is remaining needs to be sensitive to all the additional time demands placed on the friend who has moved. The one in the new environment should be sympathetic to the fact that your friend may feel
abandoned.
· 19
___
Anniversaries and birthdays carry even more weight in long-distance friendships. Although technology might make day-to-day communication possible, extra effort goes a long way on special days. Simply keeping a diary that
keeps track of friends’ birthdays and other important dates will make sure nothing slips by you.
·Don’t rely on technology alone
20 , but long-distance friendships — even close ones — may require more conscious effort to sustain. Try
to seek out chances to renew friendships. How to do it Just spend face-to-face time together whenever possible.
A. Remember important dates
B. Compensate by writing letters
C. It is also helpful for you to be a friendship keeper
D. Try to find a time that works for both of you and stick to it
E. Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of communication
F. It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social media
G. You may be the friend who left or the one who was left behind
Passage4
【2022 年全国甲卷】Important Things to Know When Dining Out
Cultural dining etiquette (礼节) might surprise you with some of its important rules. 16 . Knowing some
tips will help ensure that you have an enjoyable meal with friends or family — no matter where you are in the world.
Chopstick Rules
The way you handle chopsticks is important to avoid annoying your companions. When you put them down
between bites, always put them down together so they are parallel with the edge of the table in front of you.
17 .
___
Hands or Utensils (餐具)
In India and the Middle East, it’s considered very rude to eat with your lefthand. People in France expect you to eat with a utensil in each hand. 18 , instead preferring to use their hands. In Chile, you may never touch any
food with your fingers. People in Thailand generally use their forks only to push food onto their spoons.
Making Requests
19 . In Portugal, this would be a serious mistake, because it shows the chef that you don’t like their
seasoning skills. Similarly, in Italy, never ask for extra cheese to add to your food.
Some of these cultural dining etiquette rules may seem random and strange, but they are important in various
countries. 20 , the more comfortable you’ll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices.
A. The more friends you make in your lifetime
B. The more time you spend in any given country
C. Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with utensils
D. Don’t get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant
E. It’s a good sign for the chef if you make a mess around your plate
F. Never stick them upright in your food or cross them as you use them
G. It may seem like a simple request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal
Passage5
【2022 年北京卷】Health and fitness help a person live a good and healthy life. Often due to various pressures,
we tend to ignore our health. 35 It is the fitness level of our body that helps us fight these diseases.
36 We need to be fit to have a healthy body. Similarly, if we are healthy we shall naturally be attracted towards maintaining the fitness of our body. Health is the state of our body at a given time. We may not have any disease but still have a weak body, which is ready to be targeted by viruses. 37 This does not definitely mean that we are not healthy. It means the fitness level is not in accordance with our age and the climatic conditions
we live in.
It is important for everyone to devote some time to health and fitness. 38 For instance, we must exercise daily regardless of our age and working style. There are different levels of exercises for different age groups
and we must do them according to our own health and age.
Additionally, it is important to relax our body. We should have at least six to eight hours of sleep every day. It helps in improving our immune (免疫) system and protects us against diseases. 39 This, in turn, gives us
new goals of health and fitness.
A. Fitness levels decide the quality of life.
B. Health and fitness are interrelated to each other.
C. It also helps in keeping us calm and relaxes our mind.
D. For instance, we may have a tendency to catch a cold easily.
E. If we keep our body fit, we can enjoy life in a better manner.
F. There are some activities which everyone should do in our life.
G. This makes our body suffer and we will catch other diseases.
Passage6
【2022 年浙江卷 6 月】I have a drawer full of letters to Santa. Each year my children would write up their Christmas wish lists. They were polite requests for the latest game or toy. As the children got older, they would give
Santa some hints(提示)on where to buy their presents. 11
Those letters taught my children a valuable lesson about writing: It has a purpose. Sometimes our purpose is to
achieve something;other times it may be to entertain, inform, or persuade. 12 And when writing doesn’t
seem to have any purpose or get any kind of meaningful response, then it can be hard to get excited about doing it.
Christmas is a great time of year for children to communicate with others through writing. When children write for real audiences and real purposes, they can learn to choose their words accordingly. 13 You write “Dear
Santa” because you don’t know him personally and you want to show him respect.
14 Texting, online messaging, live chats while playing video games all mean that they are constantly producing written messages. However, because they are usually writing to family and friends, they use informal
language most of the time.
There is nothing wrong with this kind of writing. It suits the au2024届高考高三英语复习——阅读七选五-段中设空题
1. 三年真题七选五-段中设空题考点细目表
试卷 年份 体裁 主题语境 文 章 结构 选项特征 设空位置 段首 段中 段位
乙卷 2023 说明文 人 与 自 然 - 室 内 植物、及其好处 总 — 分 残 缺 句 + 完整句 0 3 2
甲卷 2023 说明文 人与自我--变得 有耐心的方法 总 — 分 残 缺 句 + 完整句 1 3 1
新高考 Ⅰ卷 2023 说明文 人与自我--学会 自我原谅 总 — 分 — 总 完整句 0 4 1
新高考 Ⅱ卷 2023 说明文 人与自我--怎样 开启艺术之旅 总 — 分 — 总 完整句 1 3 1
全 国 卷 Ⅰ/全 国 乙卷 2022 应用文 人与社会——人际 关系 总—分 残缺句+ 完整句 3 1 1
2021 说明文 人与社会——人际 交往 总—分 —总 残缺句+ 完整句 2 2 1
2020 说明文 人与自我—— 自我 接纳 总—分 完整句 1 3 1
2019 说明文 人与自然——新鲜 空气有助于健康 总—分 完整句 2 3 0
全 国 卷 Ⅱ/全 国 甲卷 2022 说明文 人与社会——社会 与文化 总—分 —总 残缺句+ 完整句 1 3 1
2021 说明文 人与自然——环境 保护 总—分 残缺句+ 完整句 1 4 0
2020 说明文 人与社会——表情 符号与职场交流 并列式 残缺句+ 完整句 1 4 0
2019 议论文 人与自我——有动 力的方法 总—分 完整句 1 4 0
全国 卷Ⅲ 2020 说明文 人与社会——乔迁 聚会 总—分 完整句 2 2 1
2019 说明文 人与自我——建立 健康有益的互动交 流 总—分 完整句 1 3 1
2. 命题规律及备考策略
【命题规律】
从近三年命题的命题来看，此种题主要考查前后句子的逻辑性和内容的连贯性，和句子之间的衔接手法。
当设空在段中时，通常考查该空与前后句子之间的逻辑关系和上下文之间的街接关系。
1）选材特点： 一般为 300 词左右的短文，以记叙文和说明文常见。
2）设空特点： 一般有五种：标题类、主题句类、承上启下类、归纳总结类、语篇拓展类。
【备考策略】
1. 宏观把握文章的篇章结构，理清行文的逻辑线索和文章脉络。当设空处位于首段末尾或段首时，
考虑它是否为总起句或段落主题句，以此作为破题点，便可以快速选出正确答案。
2. 做题时可以圈定一些题干中和选项中的关键线索（比如代词、设空处后的逗号等），这些线索可 以帮助我们排除选项。比如，代词的作用就是指代前面提及的名词或句子，根据指代关系和代词的单复数
差异可以快速解题。
【命题预测】
从近三年命题的发展趋势来看， 预测 2024 年高考阅读理解七选五试题仍然以结构鲜明的指导类说明文
为主，段中句也是考查重点，至少设空 2-3 题。
题型总览
段中设空的题目即为主题句的展开句。此种题要注意分析前后的逻辑性和内容的连贯性，注意句子之间的 衔接手法。当设空在段中时，通常考查该空与前后句子之间的逻辑关系和上下文之间的街接关系。常见的
逻辑关系包括 7 类:总分关系、解释关系、转折关系, 因果关系、递进关系，并列关系和例证关系。
考点一 考查句子逻辑关系
逻辑连接是组织文章最主要的方式， 语义逻辑构成了语篇的框架。对常用的逻辑关系了然于心， 并在阅读时能有 效地找出其连接的对应点，是学生解答“七选五” 的关键。
“七选五” 中常见的逻辑连接可以归类为六种：
（1）并列选择，指选项与前句或后句在结构或内容上一致；
（2）顺承递进，指后句对前句进行补充说明或语义上的延伸；
（3）转折对比，指选项与前句或后句语义相反或相对，后句往往是对前句的修正，表达作者的真正意图； （4）因果目的，指选项与前后句构成因果关系；
（5）概括阐释，指前句对后句或后句对前句进行归纳概括，若前句归纳，后句即是对前句的具体阐释，使得概 念更加清晰易懂；若后句概括，即后句是对前句所阐释的内容进行意义整合；
（6）例证关系，指后句是前句的具体实例。
1.【2023 年 1 月 · 浙江卷】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项
为多余选项。
With gas prices rising and airport security lines snaking longer than ever, why not book your next domestic vacation on a train Compared to other alternatives, it’s comfortable and relaxing. Here is some advice on how to
make a trip by rail as pleasant as possible.
Plan ahead. Most long-distance trains, especially the sleeping car accommodations, sell out very quickly.
36 But no matter when you travel, it’s a good idea to make your reservations at least 90 days in advance.
【文章大意】本文是说明文。文章讲述一些关于如何使坐火车旅行尽可能愉快的建议。
36 ．根据上文“Plan ahead. Most long-distance trains, especially the sleeping car accommodations, sell out very
quickly.(提前计划。大多数长途火车，尤其是卧铺，很快就卖光了。 )”以及下文“But no matter when you
travel, it’s a good idea to make your reservations at least 90 days in advance. (但无论你什么时候去旅行，最好至 少提前 90 天预订。)”可知， 大多数长途火车的卧铺很容易被定完， 所以要提前安排预定， D 项“在繁忙的夏
季尤其如此。”符合语境，D 项中“busy summer months”与前后文呼应，说明忙碌的夏季尤其需要提前计划。
故选 D 项。设空处和前面是层递关系。
2. (2020 年 浙 江 高 考 )My mother also encouraged me to make what I wanted. I tried making toy cars with cardboard boxes and constructing buildings from leftover cardboard and bits of wood my father gave me. When my mother saw my creations, she told me how creative my designs were. 34 I learned a lot about how to extend the life of objects and transform them into something new and useful. It was a trait (特点) others found helpful, and
I soon had friends who wanted to make things with me.
F ．Thus, I began my lifelong interest in making things.
【答案】F
【解析】根据前句“ 当我的母亲看到我的创作时，她说我的设计很有创意”可知，F 项(于是，我开始对 制造东西产生了长久的兴趣。)和前句构成因果关系，“我”正是在听了母亲那句话后才开始对制造东西产生
兴趣。故选 F。
【2023 届湖北省荆门市龙泉中学、荆州中学、宜昌一中三校高三下学期 5 月第二次联考】
Learning how to care for a sad person will help you be there for your loved ones and friends when they are down. However, knowing how to care for a sad person is not something an individual is born with. 36
Here are a few tips that will eventually help you lift the spirit of a sad person.
Give a hug. Hugging someone shows your affection and care. 37 This can make them feel relaxed and open to you. This can also help them recognize that you are there to help them go through this moment. With
no kind and loving words, your actions have already said a lot.
38 Now, go on and say some kind words. Words like “I’m here”, “we are in this together”, “you’ll
get over this”, “lean on me” and so on, can help a sad person feel better and know that you’re there to take him/her
through the sad moment.
Use the right tone of voice. 39 They go along with tone to convey a meaning to the listener. To
convey your words with faith that would create a positive effect on the sad person, you would need to say it with
the right tone of voice.
Listen patiently. People ask lots of questions but they end up paying little attention to getting the feedback (反
馈) that they wanted. Don’t be that person. After asking the questions, listen patiently to know what the sad person
would appreciate at that time. 40
A ．Say kind loving words.
B ．Make use of polite expressions.
C ．Then choose to appreciate others too.
D ．Remember that words do not stand alone.
E ．It will help you know how to offer the best fitting help.
F ．This knowledge is gained through research and practice.
G ．When you do this to someone, they can feel your warmth.
【答案】36 ．F 37 ．G 38 ．A 39 ．D 40 ．E
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了如何照顾一个伤心的人。
36 ．根据上文“Learning how to care for a sad person will help you be there for your loved ones and friends when they are down. However,knowing how to care for a sad person is not something an individual is born with.(学习如 何关心一个伤心的人会帮助你在你爱的人和朋友倒下的时候陪在他们身边。然而，知道如何照顾一个伤心 的人并不是一个人与生俱来的)”可知， 上文提到“知道如何照顾一个伤心的人并不是一个人与生俱来的” ，说 明需要通过研究和实践获得， F 选项 This knowledge 对应上文 knowing how to care for a sad person。故 F 选
项“这些知识是通过研究和实践获得的”符合语境，故选 F。
37 ．根据上文“Give a hug. Hugging someone shows your affection and care.(给一个拥抱。拥抱某人表示你的爱 和关心)”以及后文“This can make them feel relaxed and open to you.(这会让他们感到放松，对你敞开心扉)”可 知， 拥抱某人表示你的爱和关心， 所以当你对别人这样做时， 他们能感受到你的温暖。故 G 选项“ 当你对别
人这样做时，他们能感受到你的温暖”承接上文，指出拥抱某人的好处，符合语境，故选 G。
38 ．根据后文“Now, go on and say some kind words. Words like “I’m here”, “we are in this together”, “you’ll get
over this”, “lean on me” and so on, can help a sad person feel better and know that you’re there to take him/her
through the sad moment.(现在，继续说几句好话吧。像“我在这里” 、“我们在一起” 、“你会挺过来的” 、“依靠 我”之类的话， 可以帮助悲伤的人感觉好一点， 让他们知道你会陪着他/她度过悲伤的时刻)”可知， 本段主要
关于对别人说一些暖心的话语，故 A 选项“说些亲切的爱的话”符合语境，故选 A。
39 ．根据上文“Use the right tone of voice.(使用正确的语气)”以及后文“They go along with tone to convey a
meaning to the listener.(它们配合语气向听者传达意思)”可知， 后文提到言语配合语气向听者传达意思， 说明
不是孤立的， D 选项 words 对应后文 they。故 D 选项“记住，言语不是孤立的”符合语境，故选 D。
40 ．根据上文“After asking the questions, listen patiently to know what the sad person would appreciate at that time.(问完问题后，耐心地听，知道那个悲伤的人当时会感激什么)”可知，本句为本段最后一句，应承接上 文说明倾听的作用：帮助你知道如何提供最合适的帮助， 故 E 选项“它将帮助你知道如何提供最合适的帮助”
符合语境，故选 E。
考点二考查高频词复现
1）复现， 是保证文章前后衔接而经常使用的一种写作手段， 即作者在文章上下文不同的位置对同一个概念 进行重复描述。
复现关系，主要是指原词复现、同义词复现、近义词复现、反义词复现等。
2）同范畴词出现
同范畴词是指跟此词汇相关或同一领域的词汇在文章中共同出现，达到语义衔接的目的。你可以在选项中 找到与此词汇最接近的词，从而达到快而准。一般来说，上下文中词汇联系越接近，上下文的衔接关系越 紧密。
【典例 1】[2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷]
It’s something of a cliché (陈词滥调) that most people learn not from their successes but their mistakes. The thing is, it’s true. 40. We’re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to
develop and grow.
A. A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way.
B. Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.
C. They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.
D. It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.
E. It doesn’t mean you have to ignore what’s happened or forget it.
F. Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down.
G. Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了自我原谅的一些具体方法,其中包括列举自己的优点、列举自
己做过的好事、让别人写下自己的优点等。
40.G 根据空后内容“We’re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to develop and grow.”(我们一直在改变和学习,错误是一种积极的发展和成长的方式。)可知,作者认为犯错并不是性格中固有 的一面, 我们是通过错误来成长的。选项 G “Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your
personality.”符合语境。故选 G。选项中的 mistake 和文章中的 mistakes 是原词复现。
【典例 2】 (2022·全国乙卷 ·节选)
·More isn't always merrier
Make sure you have communicated with your friend about how frequently each of you wants to be contacted and what method works best for you both. 37 ．There are alternatives to constant written communication, such
as leaving voice messages or having a group chat.
C ．It is also helpful for you to be a friendship keeper
D ．Try to find a time that works for both of you and stick to it
E ．Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of communication
F ．It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social media
G ．You may be the friend who left or the one who was left behind
【解析】 空前一句提到“确保你已经和你的朋友沟通过了， 了解你们想要相互联系的频率， 以及哪种 方法对你们双方都最有效”，再根据空后介绍的具体的交流方式可推出， 本空讲的是“朋友需要讨论各自喜欢 的交流方式”。E 项中的 methods 与空前一句中的 method 为原词复现， 同时 E 项中的 communication 与空前
一句中的 communicated 相呼应。故选 E。
【2023 届黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市高三下学期三模】
Living in the moment is not always easy. Sometimes our thoughts are overwhelmed by regrets about past
events or anxiety about the future, which can make it hard to enjoy the present. If you are having a hard time living
in the moment, there are some simple strategies that may help.
●Change a routine. 16 One way that you can become more aware is to change up your routine. You can
do something as simple as changing the way that you drive to work or changing the way you introduce yourself.
●Learn how to meditate (冥想). Meditation is a great way to train your brain to live in the moment. Learning to meditate takes time, practice, and guidance. 17 . If no classes are available, you can also buy CDs that will
help you learn how to meditate.
●Be grateful for breaks. Instead of becoming impatient when you have to wait for something, practise being
grateful for the extra time to notice your surroundings. 18 For example, if you have to wait in a long line to purchase your morning coffee, take that time to observe your surroundings. As you do so, think about what you are
grateful for in that moment.
● 19 Performing random acts of kindness can help you to live in the moment by refocusing your
attention on what’s happening in front of you. Look for small things that you can do to show kindness to others.
The kind acts that you perform will help you to slow down and notice your surroundings.
●Smile and laugh more often. Living in the moment can be a challenge if you are in a bad mood or just feeling
a little down, but smiling and laughing can make you feel better even you force yourself to smile and
laugh. 20
A ．Do kind things for others.
B ．You’d better find a meditation class in your area.
C ．Treat the extra time as a break and appreciate the time.
D ．To get started with meditation, find a quiet spot and get comfortable.
E ．Being grateful is an important principle of life and a great wisdom.
F ．You may not be living in the moment because you are too set in your life.
G ．Even if you put on an affected smile, you should start to feel better right away.
【答案】 16 ．F 17 ．B 18 ．C 19 ．A 20 ．G
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章告诉我们几条关于如何活在当下的建议。
16 ．根据段落小标题“Change a routine. (改变常规。)”可知， 本段的建议是要打破常规， F 项中的“you are too
set in your life”和标题中的“routine”F 项： You may not be living in the moment because you are too set in your
life. (你可能无法活在当下， 因为你的生活太一成不变了。 )是对小标题的进一步解释说明， 符合语境。故选
F。
17．根据段落小标题“Learn how to meditate (冥想). (学会如何冥想。)”可知， 本段的建议是学会冥想， B 项中
的“a meditation class ”与标题中的“meditate”对应，与下文的“If no classes are available”也是呼应的。 B 项：
You’d better find a meditation class in your area. (你最好在你所在的地区找一个冥想班。 )符合语境。故选 B。 18 ．根据此空前一句“the extra time (额外的时间)”的提示以及本段首句“Be grateful for breaks. (对休息心存感 激。)”可知， 本段建议要享受额外的休息时间。C 项：Treat the extra time as a break and appreciate the time. (把
额外的时间当作休息，珍惜这段时间。 )符合语境。故选 C。
19 ．空处为段落小标题。根据下文“Performing random acts of kindness can help you to live in the moment by
refocusing your attention on what’s happening in front of you. Look for small things that you can do to show
kindness to others. The kind acts that you perform will help you to slow down and notice your surroundings. (做一 些随意的善举可以帮助你活在当下，把你的注意力重新集中在你面前发生的事情上。寻找你能做的小事来 表达对他人的善意。你所做的善事会帮助你放慢脚步， 注意你周围的环境。)”可知， 本段主要建议要做善事。
A 项： Do kind things for others. (为别人做好事。 )符合语境。故选 A。
20．根据段落小标题“Smile and laugh more often. (经常微笑和大笑。)”可知， 本段建议的关键词是“smile”。G 项：Even if you put on an affected smile, you should start to feel better right away. (即使你装出一副做作的笑容，
你也应该马上开始感觉好起来。 )符合语境。故选 G。
考点三 考查前后句子中的代词指代
英语表达中代词出现的频率极高，代词的作用无非是指代前面提及的名词或形容词概念，巧妙利用这样的 指代关系和根据代词的单复数差异可以准确而快速地解题。例如 it 可指代单数名词或整个句子；they 或 them 指代复数名词；one 指代单数可数名词；that 指代不可数名词或句子；this 指代单数名词或句子;these 或 those
指代前句的复数名词。
（2023 年新高考 I 卷）You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list. 39 That way, you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through. In fact, don’t wait until you’ve made a mistake to try this—it’s a great way to boost self-confidence at any
time.
A. A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way.
B. Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.
C. They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.
D. It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.
E. It doesn’t mean you have to ignore what’s happened or forget it.
F. Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down.
G. Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality.
【答案】 19. C
【解析】根据空后内容“That way, you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through.(这样， 你们就可以交换意见， 谈谈是什么让你们每个人都与众不同， 以 及你们个性中闪光的方面。)”可知， 空处提到了某种方式， 这种方式会使得你和朋友们一起交换意见等。选 项 C “They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.(他们甚至可能想试一试做练习。)”符合语境，C 项中的“they”与空前的“You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list.(你可以让朋友或家人帮 你增加你的列表内容。)”中的“a friend or family member”保持一致， 同时选项 C 和下文“In fact, don’t wait until you’ve made a mistake to try this—it’s a great way to boost self-confidence at any time.(事实上， 不要等到你犯了
错误才去尝试这个——这是一个在任何时候都能增强自信的好方法。 )”中的“this”一致。故选 C。
【典例 2】(2022·全国甲卷 ·节选)
Chopstick Rules
The way you handle chopsticks is important to avoid annoying your companions.When you put them down
between bites, always put them down together so they are parallel with the edge of the table in front of you. 37 .
A ．The more friends you make in your lifetime
B ．The more time you spend in any given country
C ．Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with utensils
D ．Don't get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant
E ．It's a good sign for the chef if you make a mess around your plate
F ．Never stick them upright in your food or cross them as you use them
G ．It may seem like a simple request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal
【解析】根据本段小标题 Chopstick Rules 可知，本段主要讲述的是筷子的使用规则。根据上文 When you put them down between bites, always put them down together so they are parallel with the edge of the table in front of you.可知， 此处讲述了正确使用筷子的方式。 F 项讲述的也是使用筷子时的注意事项， 符合此处语境， 其
中 F 项中的 them 指的是上文的 chopsticks。
[2023·湖北省华中师范大学第一附属中学第二次学业质量评价检测]
Like it or love it, social media is a major part of life. Teens spend more than half of their waking hours online.
They use some of that time to post pictures and create profiles on social media accounts. 1
...
Joining social media can give people a sense of being in the know. But posts may exaggerate (夸大) how well
our friends and others are feeling, making them appear much happier than we are. 5
A ．It can also lower the viewer’s self-control.
B ．A popular post doesn’t necessarily mean it is a quality post.
C ．It’s no surprise: Feedback from peers affects how teens behave.
D ．Their brains respond to those likes by turning on the reward center.
E ．And that can, inappropriately, make us feel less successful than them.
F ．But those “likes” can have power that goes beyond a simple connection.
G ．Most of what they do is read and respond to posts by friends and family.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是社交媒体是生活中的一部分及其对生活的影响。
1．G 根据空前的“They use some of that time to post pictures and create profiles on social media accounts.(他们利 用其中一些时间在社交媒体帐户上发布图片并创建个人资料。)”可知， 此处讲述的是青少年们在社交媒体中 所作的事情， G 选项“Most of what they do is read and respond to posts by friends and family.(他们所做的大部分 工作是阅读和回复朋友和家人的帖子。)”中所描述的也是青少年在社交媒体中所做的事情，其中的 they 指
代与上文的 teens 一致。故选 G。
5．E 根据空前的“But posts may exaggerate (夸大) how well our friends and others are feeling, making them appear
much happier than we are.(但是帖子可能会夸大我们的朋友和其他人的感觉，使他们看起来比我们快乐得 多。)”可知， 帖子可能会使得他们看起来比我们更快乐， E 选项“And that can, inappropriately, make us feel less successful than them.(这可能会不恰当地让我们觉得自己不如他们成功。)”中描述的内容与空前内容相对应，
且其中的代词 them 以及 us 空前内容指代一致。故选 E。
考点四 考查前后句子相似结构
（2022 年全国甲卷）
...
Making Requests
39 It may seem like a simple request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal . In Portugal, this would be a
serious mistake, because it shows the chef that you don’t like their seasoning skills. Similarly, in Italy, never ask for
extra cheese to add to your food.
Some of these cultural dining etiquette rules may seem random and strange, but they are important in various
countries. 40 , the more comfortable you’ll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices.
A. The more friends you make in your lifetime
B. The more time you spend in any given country
C. Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with utensils
D. Don’t get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant
E. It’s a good sign for the chef if you make a mess around your plate
F. Never stick them upright in your food or cross them as you use them
G. It may seem like a simple request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal
第一步: 确定考查题型特点(段首句)。
第二步: 分析上下文关系,找关键信息词。 根 据 下 文 “the more comfortable you’ll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices. (你就会对它的外国文化习俗感到越舒服)”可推知， 此处指在一个国 家待得越久， 就会越习惯当地习俗， 且此处是“the+比较级， the+比较级”结构， B 项“The more time you spend in any given country (你在某个国家待的时间越 长)”符合文意，引出下文。
第三步: 代入选项, 阅读全文,确定答案为 B。
（2023·山东师范大学附属中学高三 6 月试题）
The power of positive thinking
Is your glass of milk half-full or half-empty 1 Do they focus on the positives (a half-full glass) or the negatives (a half-empty one) Thinking positively, with a belief that most things will turn out well, is called optimism — and it’s known to boost your well-being. The good news is that everybody can learn to think more
positively.
2
Research shows that people who are optimistic and think positively tend to experience less stress and cope well when faced with life’s challenges. People who are more pessimistic (expect that the worst will happen) may
find it hard to believe that these challenges will pass.
Worrying is like a fire alarm.
Everybody can worry from time to time. Worrying can help to keep you safe — if you were never worried and were overly positive about how things would turn out, you wouldn’t recognize risks. “ 3 It’s like a fire alarm,” says child psychotherapist Rachel Melville-Thomas. “The trouble is that sometimes it goes off when there
isn’t a huge danger to face.” When this happens, you can feel anxious and hopeless about what lies ahead.
Learn to think positively.
Optimism is shaped by your genes which carry characteristics inherited from your parents and by what happens to you. 4 Research has shown that it can help to draw or write an outcome that’s positive-for
example, an image of you playing guitar, having passed your next grade. 5
A ．Your genes will in turn help obtain it.
B ．This question makes you lost in thought.
C ．Why is thinking positively good for you
D ．Imagining this can motivate you to work to achieve it.
E ．Worrying is our brain warning us of something threatening.
F ．However, whatever your starting point is, everyone can learn it.
G ．This saying is often used to test people’s outlook in a situation.
【答案】 1 ．G 2 ．C 3 ．E 4 ．F 5 ．D
【文章大意】本文是说明文。主要介绍了积极的思考带来的好处，以及怎么样学会积极的思考。
1 ．根据前文“Is your glass of milk half-full or half-empty (你的牛奶是半满的还是半空的 )”以及后文“Do they
focus on the positives (a half-full glass) or the negatives (a half-empty one) (他们关注的是积极的一面(半满的杯
子)还是消极的一面(半空的杯子) )”可知，空处应是对前一句的解释， 前句是做什么用的， 所以 GThis saying is often used to test people’s outlook in a situation.(这句话经常被用来测试人们在某种情况下的看法)”符合文意，
其中 This saying 指代前文那句话。故选 G 项。
2．分析设空， 可知是本段的小标题， 是对本段的概括， 根据下文“Research shows that people who are optimistic and think positively tend to experience less stress and cope well when faced with life’s challenges. People who are more pessimistic (expect that the worst will happen) may find it hard to believe that these challenges will pass.(研 究表明，乐观和积极思考的人在面对生活挑战时往往会经历更少的压力，并能很好地应对。更悲观的人(认 为最坏的事情会发生)可能很难相信这些挑战会过去)”可知，本段主要讲述了，乐观和积极思考的好处，所
以 C 项“Why is thinking positively good for you (为什么积极思考对你有好处 )”符合文意。故选 C 项。
3 ．根据前文“Everybody can worry from time to time. Worrying can help to keep you safe—if you were never
worried and were overly positive about how things would turn out, you wouldn’t recognize risks.(每个人都会时不 时地担心。担心可以帮助你保持安全——如果你从不担心， 对事情的结果过于乐观， 你就不会意识到风险)” 可知， 本段主要讲述了担心的好处， 在根据本段小标题“Worrying is like a fire alarm.(忧虑就像火警)”，可知 E 项“Worrying is our brain warning us of something threatening.(担心是我们的大脑警告我们有危险。 )”符合本段
主题，其中 Worrying 为同词复现。故选 E 项。
4 ．根据前文“Optimism is shaped by your genes, which carry characteristics inherited from your parents, and by
what happens to you.(乐观是由你的基因塑造的， 它带有从你父母那里遗传来的特征， 也由你身上发生的事情 决定)”以及后文“Research has shown that it can help to draw or write an outcome that’s positive —for example, an image of you playing guitar, having passed your next grade. (研究表明， 画或写一个积极的结果会有所帮助—— 例如， 你弹吉他的画面， 已经通过了下一个等级)”可知， F 项“However, whatever your starting point is, everyone can learn it.(然而， 无论你的出发点是什么， 每个人都可以学习它)”和前文构成转折关系， 且和后文构成顺承
关系。故选 F 项。
5．分析设空， 谓语段尾， 应是对前文的总结， 所以根据前文“Research has shown that it can help to draw or write an outcome that’s positive-for example, an image of you playing guitar, having passed your next grade.(研究表明， 画或写一个积极的结果是有帮助的—— 比如， 你弹吉他的画面， 通过了下一个等级)”可知， 前文讲述想象积 极的结果是有帮助的， 所以 D 项“Imagining this can motivate you to work to achieve it.(想象这个可以激励你致
力于去实现它)”符合文意，是对前文的总结。故选 D 项。
过关检测
（2023·重庆 · 重庆市育才中学校考三模） How to develop personal accountability
Personal accountability means taking responsibility for your life. It plays a significant role in the fulfillment you get from your personal and professional life. 1 These five strategies will help you start being accountable
today.
Be self-aware.
Whenever you want to make excuses for your behavior, step back and evaluate your emotions from a sensible place. Whether at work or in your personal life, be willing to step up and take responsibility, even if you are afraid
of what will happen if things go wrong.
Turn your “shoulds” into “musts”.
2 Start with turning your “shoulds” into “musts.” Our lives are filled with things we “should” do. To turn these goals into “musts,” connect them to your purpose in life. Understand that they are essential to your
happiness. Make a promise to yourself to live with no regrets.
Set goals.
Setting goals (even small ones) and achieving them allows you to demonstrate that you can hold yourself
accountable. 3
Watch your words.
Everyone has an inner monolog (独白) that affects the way we interact with the world. That little voice turns into the behaviors we engage in and the words we choose to speak. 4 Next time something goes wrong
notice how you react.
5
Ask a friend to hold you accountable for certain goals; this can be especially helpful if you share a common
goal. For example if you’re both training to run a race set up check-ins to see how the other is doing.
A ．Transform your mindset.
B ．Conduct emotional evaluation.
C ．Have an accountability partner.
D ．However, many people struggle with it.
E ．When you achieve your goals, take time to celebrate in your own way.
F ．Change your thoughts and think about how to improve yourself.
G ．The ability to stop any negative self-talk is vital to positively engaging with others.
【答案】 1 ．D 2 ．A 3 ．E 4 ．G 5 ．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章给出五条培养个人责任感的策略。
1 ．D 项中的 it 指代上文“Personal accountability means taking responsibility for your life.(个人责任意味着对自 己的生活负责)”中的 Personal accountability ，D 项“However, many people struggle with it. (然而，很多人都在 为此挣扎)”介绍很多人不知如何对自己的生活负责， 为个人责任挣扎， 引起下文“These five strategies will help
you start being accountable today. (这五个策略将帮助你从今天开始变得负责任)”讲介绍变得负责任的策略。
故选 D。
2 ．下文“Start with turning your “shoulds” into “musts.” (从把“应该”变成“必须”开始)”介绍具体如何转变。结 合选项， A 项“Transform your mindset. (改变你的思维方式)”介绍转变你的思维方式， 与下文语意一致。故选
A。
3．小标题“Set goals. (设定目标)”为中心句。结合选项， E 项“When you achieve your goals, take time to celebrate in your own way. (当你实现目标时，花点时间用自己的方式庆祝一下)”照应中心句，介绍当目标完成后，自
己可以庆祝。 “goals”为同词复现。故选 E。
4．上文“Everyone has an inner monolog (独白) that affects the way we interact with the world. That little voice turns into the behaviors we engage in and the words we choose to speak. (每个人都有一个内心独白，它影响着我们与 世界互动的方式。那个小小的声音变成了我们的行为和我们选择说的话)”介绍我们内心的声音影响着我们与 世界互动的方式。结合选项， G 项“The ability to stop any negative self-talk is vital to positively engaging with others. (停止任何消极的自言自语的能力对于积极地与他人交往至关重要)”承接上文，符合语境，呼应小标
题“Watch your words.(小心你说的话)”讲要注意自己的言行。故选 G。
5 ．设空处为小标题。下文“Ask a friend to hold you accountable for certain goals; this can be especially helpful if you share a common goal. (让朋友督促你完成某些目标；如果你们有共同的目标，这一点尤其有用)”介绍一个 朋友对目标的完成的重要性。结合选项， C 项“Have an accountability partner. (有一个负责任的伙伴)”总领下
文，语意一致。故选 C。
（2023·贵州遵义 · 统考三模）As human beings, we’re all guilty of getting things wrong occasionally, whether
we are at work or in our personal lives. 6
●Step away from being perfect
When you’re not sure of your own self-worth, you wonder how other people are going to see you. If you don’t
feel good about yourself, you might feel like there’s less room for error. The smallest mistake can feel like a
disastrous error. Nobody’s perfect. You may make mistakes, especially when you’re starting out. 7
●Turn to social support
Your mistake might feel like a huge event in your life, but chances are others won’t see it as such a big deal. Reaching out to friends or family can help you see the bigger picture and feel more confident. 8 . When you have that softness, and you have relationships that give you confidence, you might be able to take some of life’s
challenges with a lighter eye.
● 9
Accepting unavoidable mistakes might help to soften your blow. What you can do after making a mistake is accept that you’ve messed up and promise to be better tomorrow. 10 . Instead of beating yourself up, take a moment to reflect on what you’ve learned from your mistake and how you could handle things for the better in
future.
Forgiving yourself after making a mistake isn’t always an easy thing, and beating yourself up doesn’t benefit
anyone—So it’s better for you to make changes and move on.
A ．Promise to do better.
B ．Forgive others’ mistakes.
C ．Some people are perfectionists.
D ．That’s the way to forgive yourself.
E ．Don’t expect perfection in everything you do.
F ．However, the value of social support is often overlooked.
G ．Here’s how we can forgive ourselves when facing our mistakes.
【答案】6 ．G 7 ．E 8 ．F 9 ．A 10 ．D
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了在犯错之后如何宽容自己，乐观面对，从容解决生活中的犯错。
6 ．根据上文“As human beings, we’re all guilty of getting things wrong occasionally, whether we are at work or in our personal lives. (作为人类， 无论是在工作中还是在个人生活中， 我们都会因为偶尔出错而感到内疚。)”可 知，上文提到一种现象，我们会因为偶尔出错而感到内疚， G 项意为“ 以下是我们在面对错误时如何原谅自 己。 ”选项能够承接上文， 且能引起下文， 下文介绍的正是我们在面对错误时如何原谅自己的方法。故选 G。
7 ．根据上文“Nobody’s perfect. You may make mistakes, especially when you’re starting out. (没有人是完美的。
你可能会犯错误，尤其是在刚开始的时候。 )”可知，上文告诉我们，任何人都有可能犯错， E 项意为“不要 期望你做的每件事都完美。 ”选项能够承接上文， 任何人都有可能犯错， 所以不要期望你做的每件事都完美。
故选 E。
8 ．根据上文“Reaching out to friends or family can help you see the bigger picture and feel more confident. (与朋 友或家人联系可以帮助你看到更大的图景， 并感到更加自信。)”可知， 上文告诉我们， 当我们因犯错而内疚 时， 可以向家人和朋友求助， F 项意为“然而， 社会支持的价值往往被忽视。 ”选项与上文构成转折关系， 当
我们因犯错而内疚时，可以向家人和朋友求助，但这种方法往往被忽视。故选 F。
9 ．根据下文“Accepting unavoidable mistakes might help to soften your blow. What you can do after making a
mistake is accept that you’ve messed up and promise to be better tomorrow. (接受不可避免的错误可能有助于减 轻你的打击。在犯了错误之后， 你能做的就是接受自己搞砸了， 并承诺明天会做得更好。)”可知， 上文告诉 我们， 在我们犯错后， 首先要接受错误， 同时要承诺下次会做得更好， A 项意为“承诺做得更好。 ”选项能够
概括段落主旨，下文具体介绍了怎样让自己做得更好。故选 A。
10 ．根据上文“Accepting unavoidable mistakes might help to soften your blow. What you can do after making a
mistake is accept that you’ve messed up and promise to be better tomorrow. (接受不可避免的错误可能有助于减 轻你的打击。在犯了错误之后， 你能做的就是接受自己搞砸了， 并承诺明天会做得更好。)”可知， 上文告诉
我们， 在我们犯错后， 首先要接受错误， 同时要承诺下次会做得更好， D 项意为“这就是原谅自己的方式。 ”
选项能够承接上文， “接受错误并承诺下次会做得更好”是原谅自己的一种方式，且选项中的“forgive
yourself”和文章最后一段中的“Forgiving yourself”呼应。故选 D。
（2023·湖南郴州 · 校联考模拟预测） Four Reasons Why Quiet People Are Successful
They listen more than they talk, so they learn a lot
Quiet people don’t fill every conversation with their own thoughts and opinions, and they certainly don’t feel the need to pretend that they know everything. 11 . They then use that information to form an opinion at a
later time.
They can gain trust easily
Quiet people have an advantage when it comes to gaining trust because they don’t overreact to things or wear their feelings on their sleeves. 12 . They don’t come across as being pushy or aggressive like some other people who are always trying to get their way. And since quiet people don’t feel pressured to fill every gap in a
conversation with words, they’re less likely to make mistakes during presentations or meetings.
They are great planners
Quiet people are often successful because they have great planning skills. 13 . They think about what needs to be done and how to go about it in order to achieve their goals. They ensure everything is done according to
plan, so there is little room for doubt or mistakes.
14
Quiet people tend to be more selective about what they focus on, which means they are less likely to be distracted (分心) by other people or things around them. They can focus on a task with single-minded determination
and finish it faster than those who talk too much or get distracted easily by their surroundings. 15 .
A ．They seldom show off
B ．They are more concentrated
C ．They often have a lot of fresh ideas
D ．Instead, they are more likely to take in what others say
E ．For this reason, people who talk less are often seen as more honest
F ．They know how to map out their goals and accomplish them efficiently
G ．Additionally, quiet individuals also have the ability to concentrate for a long time
【答案】 11 ．D 12 ．E 13 ．F 14 ．B 15 ．G
【导语】本文为一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了为什么安静的人更成功的四个理由。
11 ．根据空前“Quiet people don’t fill every conversation with their own thoughts and opinions, and they certainly
don’t feel the need to pretend that they know everything.(安静的人不会在对话中强行加入自己的想法和观点，
他们也不会想要假装自己知道一切。)”可知， D 项“相反， 他们更可能会接纳其他人所说的话”是前文的顺义
承接，安静的人不会在对话中强行加入自己的观点和想法，相反，他们会接纳其他人的观点，故选 D 项。
12．根据空前“Quiet people have an advantage when it comes to gaining trust because they don’t overreact to things or wear their feelings on their sleeves.(当谈到获取信任时， 安静的人就占优势了。因为他们不会过激反应， 也 不会把自己的情感表露出来。)”可知， 空前提到安静的人不会过激反应， 也不会把自己的感情表露出来， 因 此会更占优势，故 E 项“ 因为这个原因，安静的人通常被认为是更加诚实的”符合，安静的人不会过激反应， 也会不容易表露自己的情感，因此，更能获得信任，且 E 项中的“this reason”指代空前的“because they don’t
overreact to things or wear their feelings on their sleeves.” ，故选 E 项。
13 ．根据空前“Quiet people are often successful because they have great planning skills.(安静的人成功的原因是 因为他们有着很强的计划能力。 )”可知，空前提出安静的人有着更强的计划能力，故 F 项“他们知道怎样规
划自己的目标， 并如何有效率地完成这些目标。 ”符合， 本空具体说明规划目标， 有效率地完成这些目标的
计划能力，故选 F 项。
14 ．根据本段内容“Quiet people tend to be more selective about what they focus on, which means they are less
likely to be distracted (分心) by other people or things around them.(安静的人往往会选择他们专注的东西， 这也 就意味着他们很少被周围的人和事分散注意力。 )”可知，本段主要介绍安静的人专注力更强，故 B 项“他们
更加有专注力”符合本段小标题，故选 B 项。
15．根据空前“They can focus on a task with single-minded determination and finish it faster than those who talk too much or get distracted easily by their surroundings.(他们可以以坚定的决心专心于一个任务，并且比起那些喜欢 说话， 容易被周围的事情分散注意力的人， 他们能更快地完成这个任务。)”可知， 空前提出安静的人能将注
意力完全集中地完成任务，故 G 项“并且，安静的人也可以有着长时间的专注力”符合，本空与前文递进，
安静的人不仅能集中注意力，而且集中注意力的时间也很长，故选 G 项。
（2023·重庆 · 重庆南开中学校考三模）For some people, holiday travel includes more than simply getting to their destination. 16 Whether is a way to save money, or spend more time with loved ones—it’s important to keep in mind that you’re a guest in someone’s home. Even if your host in vied you to say and said that it was no trouble at all”, know that accommodating you does take time, energy and possibly money, and the least you can do
is not make things harder for them. 17
Showing up un announced
This really should go without saying—and applies to any type of visit to someone’s home, any me of the year-but don’t show up at someone’s door unannounced, or assume you can stay with them without asking first. 18 But if that’s not motivation enough, consider the possibility that they may not be home, or have made other
pans, and may not be able to put you up.
Ignoring house rules
19 Or perhaps they requested that you say something in a low voice after 9 p.m. Unless you have an excuse—which you should discuss with your host—you need to follow their house rules. If they didn’t mention any
when you first arrived, start that conversation yourself.
Acting like you’re staying in a hotel
When you’re an overnight guest in a friend or relative’s home, you cannot expect the service of a hotel. 20 So don’t expect someone to make your bed or cleanup after you, meals prepared for you, or to have the run of the
place.
If you can follow some guest rules, you will be more popular when visiting and staying at the homes of
relatives and friends.
A ．Here are some things you can do for them.
B ．Have you ever been asked to follow some rules
C ．It also means overnight stays with family or friends.
D ．Did your host ask you to leave your outside shoes at the door
E ．Your host is doing you a favor by letting you stay in their home for free.
F ．Here are a few mistakes to avoid when you’re staying in someone’s home.
G ．There are many reasons not to do this out of respect for your potent l host.
【答案】 16 ．C 17 ．F 18 ．G 19 ．D 20 ．E
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了去亲友家做客时需要注意的一些礼仪。
16 ．根据上文“For some people, holiday travel includes more than simply getting to their destination.(对一些人来 说，假期旅行不仅仅是到达目的地)”可知，本句继续说明假期旅行的其他意义：与家人或朋友过夜。故 C
选项“它也指与家人或朋友过夜”符合语境，故选 C。
17．根据上文“Even if your host in vied you to say and said that it was no trouble at all”, know that accommodating you does take time, energy and possibly money, and the least you can do is not make things harder for them.(即使 你的主人强迫你说“一点也不麻烦”，你也要知道， 招待你确实需要时间、精力， 可能还需要金钱， 至少你能 做的就是不要给他们添麻烦)”结合后文主要列举了一些住在别人的家要避免的错误。故 F 选项“ 当你住在别
人家里时，这里有一些要避免的错误”符合语境，故选 F。
18．根据上文“This really should go without saying—and applies to any type of visit to someone’s home, any me of
the year-but don’t show up at someone’s door unannounced, or assume you can stay with them without asking
first.(这是毋庸置疑的——也适用于任何拜访别人的方式， 一年中的任何时候——但不要不经通知就出现在 别人家门口，或者认为你可以在没有事先请求的情况下和他们呆在一起)”可知，上文提到“不要不经通知就 出现在别人家门口， 或者认为你可以在没有事先请求的情况下和他们呆在一起” ，本句对上文进行说明， 这
些要求是出于对主人的尊重。故 G 选项“ 出于对主人的尊重，不要这样做有很多理由”符合语境，故选 G。
19 ．根据后文“Or perhaps they requested that you say something in a low voice after 9 p.m. ( 或者他们要求你在 晚上 9 点以后小声说点什么？ )”可知， 本句与后文都是针对尊重主人家的设问句， 故 D 选项“你的主人让你
把在外穿的鞋子放在门口了吗？ ”符合语境，故选 D。
20 ．根据上文“When you’re an overnight guest in a friend or relative’s home, you cannot expect the service of a
hotel.(当你在朋友或亲戚家里过夜时， 你不能指望酒店的服务)”以及后文“So don’t expect someone to make your bed or cleanup after you, meals prepared for you, or to have the run of the place.(所以，不要指望有人帮你铺床、 帮你打扫卫生、为你准备饭菜， 也不要指望有人来管理这个地方)”可知， 上文提到了在别人家过夜不能指望 酒店的服务，本句说明其原因：主人让你免费住在他们家里是在帮你的忙。故 E 选项“你的主人让你免费住
在他们家里是在帮你的忙”符合语境，故选 E。
（2023·重庆 · 重庆八中校考三模）Revenge bedtime procrastination ( 报复性睡眠拖延症) refers to the decision to delay sleep in response to stress or a lack of free time earlier in the day. The addition of the word “revenge”, by the Chinese, to the concept of bedtime procrastination became popular on social media. 21 Both language versions reflect frustration tied to long, stressful work hours that left little time for personal
enjoyment.
People who engage in bedtime procrastination know and generally want to receive enough sleep. 22
This is known as an intention-behavior gap.
Bedtime procrastination can cause sleep deprivation ( 缺 乏). 23 Not getting enough sleep affects thinking, memory, and decision-making. Sleep deprivation also raises the risk of daytime sleepiness, which can
harm productivity and academic achievement while increasing the risks of sleeping driving.
24 It causes difficulties in regulating emotions. It’s also been connected to mental health disorders, such as depression and anxiety. It is also discovered that sleep deprivation worsens physical health, making people
more easily to suffer from illnesses. Ongoing sleep loss consequences can build up over time. 25
The best solution for bedtime procrastination is creating good sleep patterns and a good sleeping environment.
But remember that it will take more than one night to truly get into good sleep habits.
A ．But they fail to actually do so.
B ．The Chinese are noted for working long hours.
C ．A lack of sleep is tied to mental and physical health.
D ．Therefore, it contributes to significant long-term health problems.
E ．We struggle to stay productive during the day to make up for the loss.
F ．Without enough hours of sleep, the mind and body can’t properly recharge.
G ．The English term “revenge bedtime procrastination” appeared from a translation of this expression.
【答案】21 ．G 22 ．A 23 ．F 24 ．C 25 ．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“报复性睡眠拖延”这个概念及其危害。
21．下文“Both language versions reflect frustration tied to long, stressful work hours that left little time for personal enjoyment.(两种语言版本都反映了与长时间、压力大的工作时间有关的挫折感， 这些工作时间几乎没有留给 个人享受的时间)”说明前文用两种解释说明报复性睡眠拖延症的定义。空处用另一种语言版本说明报复性睡 眠拖延症。 G 项中的“The English term ”和下文的“Both language versions”相呼应，表示“英语术语“报复性睡
前拖延症”是从前面表达的翻译中出现的” 。故选 G。
22 ．上文“People who engage in bedtime procrastination know and generally want to receive enough sleep.(睡前拖 延症患者知道并普遍希望获得足够的睡眠)”说明睡前拖延症患者希望自己获得足够的睡眠。空处和前文为转 折关系。 A 项中的 But 和前文构成转折关系， so 指代前文中“want to receive enough sleep”，表明他们虽然希
望自己获得足够的睡眠，但是却做不到。故选 A。
23．上文“Bedtime procrastination can cause sleep deprivation (缺乏).(睡前拖延会导致睡眠不足)”说明睡眠拖延 会导致睡眠不足。空处承上启下，说明睡眠不足的害处， F 项中的“Without enough hours of sleep”和上文相 呼应， “the mind and body can’t properly recharge”和下文“Not getting enough sleep affects thinking, memory, and
decision-making.”相呼应，说明睡眠不足，大脑和身体就无法正常充电。故选 F。
24 ．下文“It causes difficulties in regulating emotions. It’s also been connected to mental health disorders, such as
depression and anxiety. It is also discovered that sleep deprivation worsens physical health, making people more
easily to suffer from illnesses. (它会导致情绪调节困难。它还与精神健康障碍有关， 如抑郁和焦虑。研究还发 现， 睡眠不足会恶化身体健康， 使人们更容易患病)”说明睡眠不足会从精神和身体上对人造成危害。空处为
本段的主旨句。 C 项“ 睡眠不足与身心健康息息相关。 ”符合语境，适合作本段的主旨句。故选 C。
25．上文“Ongoing sleep loss consequences can build up over time. (持续睡眠不足的后果可能会随着时间的推移 而累积)”说明持续睡眠不足危害很大。空处和前文为因果关系， 表明持续睡眠不足会导致严重的长期健康问
题。 D 项“ 因此，它会导致严重的长期健康问题。 ”符合语境。故选 D。
（2023·湖南常德 · 常德市一中校考模拟预测） How Laughing at Yourself Makes You Attractive
Have you ever embarrassed yourself in public and got laughed at for it 26 And it’s okay — we
should even have a laugh about them.
●Laughing at yourself means accepting who you really are. You may feel bad about yourself because of
past misfortune. However, it’s normal to be imperfect. What’s important is that you should be honest with yourself
about who you are. 27 You won’t be able to laugh at yourself without self-acceptance.
●Laughing at yourself helps increase your confidence. When you are able to stay optimistic and laugh at yourself, you are likely to be more successful in life. 28 More importantly, it helps you realize your own
weaknesses so you know which areas to do better in.
● 29 Laughing at someone else may hurt their feelings even if you didn’t intend to, while laughing at yourself does not — you might even bring a smile to their faces. People will like it, because it shows that you
have the courage to do so and you’re being real about your imperfections.
Just remember that humans all make mistakes. So instead of blaming yourself, try to think of your mistakes in
a positive way and accept yourself just as you are. 30
A ．Laughing at yourself makes you popular.
B ．Accept yourself despite your imperfections.
C ．You don’t need to take yourself seriously all the time.
D ．Chances are that we all have these kinds of experiences.
E ．Learn to laugh at yourself and you will be more attractive.
F ．Laughing at yourself changes an ideal image of yourself.
G ．This is because laughing at yourself contributes to your mental health.
【答案】26 ．D 27 ．B 28 ．G 29 ．A 30 ．E
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章认为人应该学会自嘲，让自己更加有魅力，因为自嘲意味着接受自己，
可以帮助增加自信，让自己更受欢迎。
26．前文“Have you ever embarrassed yourself in public and got laughed at for it (你是否曾在公共场合出丑， 并 因此被嘲笑过？ )”提出是否有被嘲笑经历的问题， 后文“And it’s okay — we should even have a laugh about them. (没关系， 我们甚至应该对此一笑置之。)”表示安慰， 建议对此一笑了之，D 项“Chances are that we all have these kinds of experiences. (很可能我们都有这样的经历。)”符合语境， 说明大家可能都有被嘲笑的经历， 回答前文
的问题，引出后文的建议。故选 D。
27 ．前文“However, it’s normal to be imperfect. What’s important is that you should be honest with yourself about who you are. (然而， 不完美是正常的。重要的是， 你应该诚实地面对自己。 )”建议接受不完美常态， 诚实面
对自己，后文“You won’t be able to laugh at yourself without self-acceptance. (如果不接受自己，你就无法自
嘲。 )”说明不接受自己的后果， B 项“Accept yourself despite your imperfections. (接受你自己，尽管你不完
美。)”符合语境， 建议要接受自己， 延伸前文的诚实面对自己， 引出后文的后果， 其中的 imperfections 与前
文的 imperfect 呼应， Accept yourself 与后文的 self-acceptance 呼应。故选 B。
28．前文“When you are able to stay optimistic and laugh at yourself, you are likely to be more successful in life. (当 你能够保持乐观和自嘲时， 你可能会在生活中更成功。)”说明自嘲有助于成功， 后文“More importantly, it helps you realize your own weaknesses so you know which areas to do better in. (更重要的是，它可以帮助你认识到自 己的弱点， 这样你就知道在哪些方面可以做得更好。)”介绍“它”带来的好处， G 项“This is because laughing at yourself contributes to your mental health. (这是因为自嘲有助于心理健康。 )”符合语境，介绍自嘲有助于心理 健康， 解释前文自嘲和成功之间的关系， 引出后文进一步的好处， 其中的 laughing at yourself 是后文的 it 指
代的对象。故选 G。
29．空处位于段首， 是段落主旨句， 需统领段落内容， 且需和其他段首句一样是以 Laughing at yourself 为主 语的陈述句。后文“Laughing at someone else may hurt their feelings even if you didn’t intend to, while laughing at yourself does not — you might even bring a smile to their faces. People will like it, because it shows that you have the courage to do so and you’re being real about your imperfections. (嘲笑别人可能会伤害他们的感情，即使你 不是故意的，而嘲笑自己却不会——你甚至可能会给他们带来微笑。人们会喜欢它，因为这表明你有勇气 这样做，你在认真对待自己的不完美。 )”介绍自嘲不会伤害他人的感情，甚至可以得到他人的喜爱， A 项 “Laughing at yourself makes you popular. (自嘲会让你受欢迎。 )”符合语境，说明自嘲让人受欢迎，契合后文
内容。故选 A。
30．空处是全文最后一句，需呼应文章整体内容。前文“Just remember that humans all make mistakes. So instead of blaming yourself, try to think of your mistakes in a positive way and accept yourself just as you are. (只要记住， 人都会犯错。所以， 与其责备自己， 不如试着以积极的方式看待自己的错误， 接受本来的自己。)”强调以积 极的方式看待错误，接受自己， E 项“Learn to laugh at yourself and you will be more attractive. (学会自嘲，你
会更有吸引力。 )”符合语境，建议学会自嘲，承接前文的接受自己，呼应文章的中心思想。故选 E。
（2023·山西临汾 · 临汾第一中学校校联考三模） When you wake up every morning, what will you do first to start your day 31 . Here are some things productivity experts do to get weekday mornings off to a good
start.
I drink a glass of cold water.
Every morning, I start my day with a big glass of ice water. 32 , rehydrating(补充水分) with ice water
helps me think more clearly. To make this morning step a no-brainer, I fill up a cup with ice water and place it on
my nightstand before bed. When I wake up, it’s right there and ready for me without having to make my way to the
kitchen.
I do a breathing exercise to get centered.
I enjoy staying up late at night, so the early morning club is not for me. These three simple habits have been helpful for me: daily affirmation (坚定信念) ，breathing exercise and gratitude journaling. Once awake, I silently say a positive affirmation. Usually, it is “I am calm. Breathe.” 33 . It takes 10 minutes, but if I do not have time, I would just do a one-minute breathing exercise. Finally, my gratitude journal helps me set the intention for
the day.
34 .
We live in a world where work never ends, so it’s up to us to set our own finish lines to start a day and celebrate when we cross it. Our brains find this much more rewarding, and less tend to be attracted by other
distractions (分心).
I think deeply, then review my schedule.
I think deeply and keep a journal every morning before I begin work. This helps me relax and prepare for the
day to come. I then review my schedule for the day and week, making note of work sessions. 35 .
A ．I set my own goal for the day
B ．I decide how I want my day to end
C ．Lastly, I create a short list of my daily to-dos
D ．Because you lack water after sleeping all night
E ．Although it’s appealing to head straight for the coffee
F ．Then a breathing exercise follows to deepen the positive affirmation
G ．Actually small steps can be done to make a big difference in your work
【答案】31 ．G 32 ．E 33 ．F 34 ．B 35 ．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何在新的一天到来时提高当天工作效率。
31 ．根据后文“Here are some things productivity experts do to get weekday mornings off to a good start. （这里有 一些提高效率的专家会做的事情，让你在工作日的早晨有一个好的开始。）可推知，文章主要介绍在工作
日如何提高效率的话题，G 选项Actually small steps can be done to make a big difference in your work（实际上，
一小步一小步就能使你的工作发生很大的变化）承接了上句“When you wake up every morning,what will you do first to start your day？（当你每天早上醒来的时候， 你会首先做什么来开始你的一天？） , 与后一句意思相
连，该选项在此有承上启下的作用，符合语境。故选 G。
32．根据前文“Every morning,I start my day with a big glass of ice water （每天早上， 我用一大杯冰水开始我的 一天。） ”可知， 早上起来先喝杯冰水， E 选项“Although it’s appealing to head straight for the coffee（虽然直 接去喝咖啡比较有吸引力） ”表示转折， 后一rehydrating(补充水分) with ice water helps me think more clearly.
（用冰水补充水分可以帮助我更清晰地思考。） ”对喝冰水的原因进行了解释，符合语境，故选 E。
33 ．根据前文“Once awake,I silently say a positive affirmation.Usually,it is ‘I am calm.Breathe.’（一旦醒来，我 就默默地说一句积极的肯定。通常是“我很平静，深呼吸。 ” ）”可知，这里建议先说一句积极的肯定，后面 介绍接下来做什么， F 选项“Then a breathing exercise follows to deepen the positive affirmation（然后进行呼吸 练习以加深积极肯定） ”与前一句意思一致， 符合语境， 其中“ 呼吸”与“积极的肯定”是关键对应词。故选 F。 34．该空是位于段首的主题句， 根据后文“We live in a world where work never ends，so it's up to us to set our own finish lines to start a day and celebrate when we cross it.Our brains find this much more rewarding，and less tend to be attracted by other distractions. （我们生活在一个工作永无止境的世界里，所以一天的开始取决于我们自己 设定的终点线， 当我们跨过它时庆祝。我们的大脑发现这更有回报， 更不容易被其他干扰所吸引。） ”可知， B 选项 I decide how I want my day to end（我决定如何结束我的一天）对该段进行了总结概括，适合作段落
主题句，符合语境。故选 B。
35．根据段首“I think deeply and keep a journal every morning before I begin work.This helps me relax and prepare for the day to come.I then review my schedule for the day and week ，making note of work sessions. （每天早上开 始工作前，我都会认真思考，写日记。这有助于我放松，为新的一天做好准备。然后我回顾当天和每周的 日程安排，记下工作时间。） ”可知， C 选项“Lastly ，I create a short list of my daily to-dos（最后，我会列出 每天要做的事情） ” 中 Lastly“最后”与前文中的时间点“before I begin work（每天早上开始工作前） ”及 then
“然后”被用来描述作者在新的一天到来时的生活和工作的节奏，符合语境。故选 C。
（2023·湖南长沙 · 湖南师大附中校考一模）Are you an elementary or high school student with all kinds of invention ideas You might not know what to do with all of these ideas or how to turn them into workable
inventions. 36
Identify a problem worth solving.
Look at the world around you and ask yourself: What could work better What task could be done better or
faster What annoys you and how could you fix it 37 Not every idea will be a great one, but don’t be
afraid to think outside the box.
Draft your idea.
Draw out a basic illustration of what your invention will look like. 38 List the types of materials you would use to build the finished project. Don’t hesitate to make multiple drafts of the same design until you are
satisfied with the result.
39
You don’t need to use the highest quality materials, but simply ones that will give you a functional working device. Try checking second-hand stores and yard sales for parts that you can use. This will be much more
cost-effective and you will also be eco-friendly.
Build your invention.
If you will be working with power tools or other dangerous materials, you will likely need adult supervision.
Ask your parents when they have enough free time to sit down with you and start building. 40
After everything is completed, it’s time to test out and market your invention. If it turns out well-received, you
may even have your invention patented and mass- produced down the road.
A ．Or turn to your older peers if they can help you out as well.
B ．If you enjoy creating things, you may consider becoming an inventor.
C ．With some planning and practice, you can make these ideas into a working device.
D ．Be creative with your ideas.
E ．Gather the necessary materials.
F ．Look around your home for recycled materials that you may be able to use.
G ．Make notes about how various pieces will go together.
【答案】36 ．C 37 ．D 38 ．G 39 ．E 40 ．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要为有各种发明想法的小学生或中学生提供一些建议以帮助他们更好
地进行发明。
36．根据空前“Are you an elementary or high school student with all kinds of invention ideas You might not know what to do with all of these ideas or how to turn them into workable inventions.(你是一个有各种发明想法的小学
生或中学生吗？你可能不知道如何处理所有这些想法， 或者如何将它们变成可行的发明。)”可知， 上文讲述
的是虽然有想法，但是小学生或中学生可能不知道如何处理所有这些想法，或者如何将它们变成可行的发 明。选项 C“With some planning and practice, you can make these ideas into a working device.(通过一些计划和练 习， 你可以把这些想法变成可行的方法。)”承上启下， 既承接上文说明将想法变成发明有困难， 同时引出下
文具体的建议。故选 C。
37 ．根据空前内容“Look at the world around you and ask yourself: What could work better What task could be done better or faster What annoys you and how could you fix it (看看你周围的世界，问问自己：什么能做得更 好？什么任务可以做得更好或更快？什么让你烦恼？你如何解决它？ )”可知， 上文建议要问问自己， 以找出 值得研究的方向。选项 D“Be creative with your ideas(要有创意。 )”延续上文内容， 指的都是想法或研究方向
要有创意。故选 D。
38 ．根据空前“Draw out a basic illustration of what your invention will look like.(画出你的发明将会是什么样子 的基本插图。)”以及空后内容“List the types of materials you would use to build the finished project.(列出你将用 于完成项目的材料类型。)”可知， 本段讲述的是画出发明的草图。选项 G“Make notes about how various pieces
will go together.(记下不同的部分如何搭配。 )”符合上下文内容，指的都是画出发明的草图。故选 G。
39 ．空处为小标题， 为本段主要内容。根据下文“You don’t need to use the highest quality materials, but simply
ones that will give you a functional working device. Try checking second-hand stores and yard sales for parts that
you can use. This will be much more cost-effective and you will also be eco-friendly.(你不需要使用最高质量的 材料，只需要那些能给你一个功能性工作装置的材料。试着在二手商店和庭院销售中寻找你可以使用的零 件。这将是更划算的， 你也将是环保的。)”可知， 本段主要讲述的是如何找寻发明所需的材料。选项 E“Gather
the necessary materials.(收集必要的材料。 )”与本段内容一致，故选 E。
40．根据空前内容“If you will be working with power tools or other dangerous materials, you will likely need adult supervision. Ask your parents when they have enough free time to sit down with you and start building.(如果你将 使用电动工具或其他危险材料，你可能需要成年人的监督。问问你的父母，他们什么时候有足够的空闲时 间坐下来和你一起开始建造。)”可知， 上文讲述的是如果需要使用电动工具或其他危险材料， 则需要有成年 人的监督，可以询问自己的父母是否有空。选项 A“Or turn to your older peers if they can help you out as well.(或 者向年长的人求助， 如果他们也能帮助你。)”是上文内容的延续， 指的是既可以询问父母， 也可以向年长的
人求助。故选 A。
（2023·浙江绍兴 · 统考模拟预测） Who would win in a fight, a lion or a tiger Well, if size has anything to do with the matter, the tiger would win. 41 They are also fast. They can sprint as fast as 40 miles per hour
for short distances and leap as far as 30 feet horizontally. This makes for an extremely dangerous attack. You might
not think that such large, fast, and ferocious creatures need help to survive, but they do. 42
Tigers are hunted for many reasons. People have long valued the famous striped skins. Though trading tiger skins is now illegal in most parts of the world, they are worth around $10,000 on the black-market. 43
Many Asian cultures believe that various tiger parts have healing properties.
44 However, perhaps more damage has been caused through the destruction of habitat. Tigers once
ranged widely across Asia, but over the past 100 years, tigers have lost 93% of their historic range.
A major obstacle to preserving tigers is the enormous amount of territory that each tiger requires. Each wild tiger demands between 200 and 300 square miles. Tigers are also both territorial and solitary ( 独居的) animals. 45 Since tigers need so much territory, it is difficult for conservationists to acquire land enough to support a large population of tigers. Even when these considerable spaces are provided, it is even more difficult to move around such large areas to prevent the illegal hunting. There is no easy way to preserve the wild tiger population
without making large sacrifices.
A ．The tiger is an endangered species.
B ．Restoring the world’s tiger population is possible.
C ．Other parts of the tiger can also fetch a pretty penny.
D ．That’s because tigers are the largest of all cat species.
E ．Traditional Chinese medicine use tiger bones in some prescriptions.
F ．This means they generally do not share with other tigers the areas they claim.
G ．Humans have done considerable damage to the tiger population through hunting.
【答案】41 ．D 42 ．A 43 ．C 44 ．G 45 ．F
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍老虎濒临灭绝及其原因。
41 ．根据上文“Well, if size has anything to do with the matter, the tiger would win. (好吧，如果大小和这件事有 关系的话， 老虎会赢。 )”可推测后文是说老虎会赢的原因， 选项 D “那是因为老虎是所有猫科动物中体型最
大的。 ”符合题意，并且选项中的“the largest”呼应上文的“size”，故选 D。
42 ．根据上文“You might not think that such large, fast, and ferocious creatures need help to survive, but they do. (你可能认为如此庞大、快速、凶猛的生物不需要帮助也能生存，但它们确实需要。 ) ”可推测下文说明老虎
这么凶猛的生物也需要帮助的原因， A 选项“老虎是濒临灭绝的物种。 ”符合