(共22张PPT)
高一英语教研组
冠词+名词
类指和特指
1.特指:明确知道说的是哪一个
2.泛指:随便哪个都行,或一类中的一个
类指和泛指
类指:用来表示类别→常称为泛指
1.不可数名词不加冠词:knowledge is power
2.复数名词不加冠词:Doctors are badly needed at the front
3.a/an+单数名词:An ox is a useful animal (牛是一种有用的动物)
4.the+单数名词:He had invented the teleschope (正式)
5.the +adj/分词:The rich get richer and the poor get poorer
The oppressed wanted to free themselves
the+单数可数名词是否表示泛指,要结合上下文判断
The tiger is a dangerous animal (所有的老虎都很危险:泛指)
The tiger escaped from the zoo (特指某一只老虎)
The tiger is dangerous (要结合上下文理解)
The tiger is sleeping in the cage (特指)
特指: 特定指代人或物
确定特指:定冠词the
We own a dog and a cat.The dog is brown and the cat is white
(指代上文提到的狗和猫)
The dog and the cat are the same ones we had last year
(特指去年就养了的狗和猫)
非确定特指:不定冠词/零冠词
I have a pen (指我的某支钢笔,但是并未指出是哪只钢笔)
There’s a letter for you (指代给你的信件,但不知道是谁写来的哪封信)
The trees are shaded with trees (指街道上的树,但没指明是何种树)
大原则:用在单数可数名词之前
{用法1}:表示“一,一个”用在单数可数名词之前
There is a picture on the wall
He has an apple in his hand
注意:a(an)随表示“一个”,但不强调数量,而是强调类别
one强调 数量
I give him a book 我给了他一本书(不是本、不是笔,是书)
I give him one book 我给了他一本书 (不是两本)
不定冠词a/an用法
大原则:用在单数可数名词之前
{用法2}:第一次提到某人或某物
第一次提到某人或某物时 用不定冠词a或an, 起介绍作用
A girl wants to see you
注意:用于人名之前,表示不认识某人
A Mr.Zhang called you just now
A Mr.Smith wanted to see you
大原则:用在单数可数名词之前
{用法3}:表示身份、职业(多做表语)
She is a high school teacher ,Her name is Li Fang
The Whites wanted their daughter to be a musician
注意:表示某个职位在某一时期内只有一担任,或表示某人的头衔,则不用冠词
He is captain of the team 他是球队队长(只有一个队长)
Zhang Feng ,monitor of their class ,is good at English (只有一个班长)
如果时a captain 则指的不是一个队长
大原则:用在单数可数名词之前
{用法4}:a/an+单数可数名词,表示某类事物)
A child needs plenty of love
=Children need plenty of love / Any child needs plenty of love
指:孩子群体中的每一个孩子都需要爱
注意:a/an表示类指时,实际上是从某个种群中挑一个有代表性的来代指种群;所以不用来表示只有种群整体才存在的特性。
A tiger is on the brink of extinction (错误,不能说任何一只老虎都要灭绝)
单个老虎身上不存在灭绝的这种说法,只有整体才会有
A tiger is dangerous (可以,因为每一只老虎都很危险)
单拎出来一只老虎 也很危险
总结:
1.表示“一,一个”用在单数可数名词之前
2.第一次提到某人或某物(双方都不知道)
3.表示身份、职业(多做表语)
4.a/an+单数可数名词,表示某类事物
大原则:用在单数可数名词之前
{用法1}:表示说话人与听话人之间都知道的人或物
第一次提到时用不定冠词,第二次提到时要用定冠词
He sees a house in the distance(在远处) .He knows it’s the house he is going to live in
1.表确定特指:Please give me the keys on the table
(可数名词复数前面不用冠词→表示泛指)
on the table 是对钥匙的限定修饰 此时这个keys就需要用一个定冠词the 来进行限定,特指桌子上的钥匙。
2.用在世界上独一无二的名词之前:the sun .the moon.
定冠词:the
大原则:用在单数可数名词之前
{用法2}:用在表示方向、方位的名词前
The birds are flying to the north
这些鸟向北方飞去
注意:方位词成对使用时,不用定冠词
The river is four thousand kilometers long from west to east
这条河自西向东有4000公里长
定冠词:the
大原则:用在单数可数名词之前
{用法3}:用在乐器名词前,表示演奏
He plays the violin very well
注意:球类前面不加冠词
The Yangtze River 长江
the West Lake 西湖
注意:单山独岛前不加定冠词the:Mount Tai
{用法4}:用在江河、海洋、湖泊、群岛、山脉的名称前
第一课时-----冠词
冠词是一种虚词,用于名词或起名词作月的其他词类前说明其意义。冠词分为不定冠词(a,an)、定冠词(the)和零冠词。
一、不定冠词a、an 的区别
a用在以辅音音素开头的单词前,an 用在以元音音素开头的单词前,判断一个词是元音音素开头,还是辅音音素开头,是根据其读音 《即音标),而不是根据其字母。如: an honest boy
There is an “f” in the word “five”.
我们可以这样记忆:“不见元音不加an,不看字母看发音”。
1.在26个宇母中,前面用an 的字母有“a、 e、f、h、i、l、m,n.o,r,s,x”, 其他用a.
2. 要注意区别以u开头的单词 an umbrella, an unusual story, an unhappy boy, a university, a useful book
二、不定冠词a或 an 的特殊位置
1.当名词被such、balt、what、many 修饰 时,不定冠词放在这些词之后。如:
He left in such a hurry that he forgot to close the door.
It took me half an hour to write the letter.
What an interesting book it is! Many a man has gone to big cities for work.
2.当名词前面的形容词前有 so、how 、too 等词时,不定冠词放在形容词之后。如:
She was so nice a girl that she took the blind man to the station.
How nice a film this is!
3. 当名词前面有形容词和 quite rather 或 very 时,不定冠词置于 quite 之后,very 之前,rather 之前或之后都可以。如:quite a good book, rather a useful tool, a rather difficult question, a very interesting story 等.
用法 示例
在叙述时用于第一次提到的某人或某物前 This is a book.
指人或事物的某一类别,以区别于其他种类 A plane is a machine that can fly.
泛指某人或某物 A young man is waiting for you.
用在某些物质名词或抽象名词前,表示“一阵、一份、一类、一场”等 There’ll be a strong wind in South China.
用于可视为一个整体的两个名词前 a knife and fork
“a+序数词”表示“又一,再一” The cake is delicious and I would like a second one.
用于表示时间、速度、价格等意义的名词之前,有“每一”的意思 five lessons a week
不定冠词(a,an)的基本用法
用法 示例
用于双方都知道的人或事物前 Give me the book,please.
用于特指的或上文已提到过的人或事物前 Do you know the girl in red
表示世界上独一无二的事物 The moon moves around the earth.
用在序数词、形容词最高级前面以及对两个人或事物进行比较时起特指作用的比较级前 The first lesson is very easy. He is the
younger of the two boys.
用在姓氏复数前表示一家人或夫妻俩 The Greens are watching TV now.
用在单数可数名词前表一类人或事物 The orange is orange.
与某些形容词连用表一类人 We should help the old.
定冠词(the)的基本用法
用法 示例
用于江河、海洋、山脉、群岛、沙漠等专有名词前,或由普通名词构成的专有名词之前 the Great Wall,the Summer Palace
用在表示方位或西洋乐器名称的名词之前 I like playing the piano.
定冠词(the)的基本用法
记忆口诀:特指双熟悉,上文已提及,世上独无二,序数最高级,普通专有名.
Ⅰ.根据语境,在必要的地方填入恰当的冠词
1. I usually have _____ breakfast at home. Ithink it's good for my health.
2. Those girls practiced playing _____ football every day and they won the match at last.
3. Kate, are you _____ only child in yourfamily -Yes, but _____ new baby is on the way.
4. -What do you think of the boy -He is _____ honest student today and _____ useful man tomorrow.
5. Do you have _____ lunch at school on weekdays, Scott
6. Joe Biden, _____ 78-year-old politician,was chosen President of the USA.
7. -What's this -It’s _____ watch.
8. I want to be _____ engineer when I grow up.
9. -Who’s _____ boy under the tree -Bill. He’s _____ active boy
10. _____ moon is very bright at night
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\
the
a
an
a
\
a
a
an
the
an
The
Ⅰ.根据语境,在必要的地方填入恰当的冠词
11. Lang Lang is _____ famous pianist. He plays _____ piano very well. 12. They stopped in _____ beautiful place for camping, near _____ farmhouse of the Smiths.
Ⅱ.完成句子
This is so ______________ that we all want to see it.
这部电影很有趣,我们都想去看。
2. He had ______________ yesterday
昨天他得了感冒。
3. Tom is ______________ of Class 2.
汤姆是二班的班长。
4. ______________ is hanging in the sky.
一轮新月悬挂在天空。
5. He went ______________ an hour ago.他一小时前去了学校。
a
the
the
a
interesting a film
a cold
monitor
A new moon
to the school
第二课时-----名词
冠词是一种虚词,用于名词或起名词作月的其他词类前说明其意义。冠词分为不定冠词(a,an)、定冠词(the)和零冠词。
一、不定冠词a、an 的区别
a用在以辅音音素开头的单词前,an 用在以元音音素开头的单词前,判断一个词是元音音素开头,还是辅音音素开头,是根据其读音 《即音标),而不是根据其字母。如: an honest boy
There is an “f” in the word “five”.
我们可以这样记忆:“不见元音不加an,不看字母看发音”。
1.在26个宇母中,前面用an 的字母有“a、 e、f、h、i、l、m,n.o,r,s,x”, 其他用a.
2. 要注意区别以u开头的单词 an umbrella, an unusual story, an unhappy boy, a university, a useful book
高一英语教研组
课程结束