阅读理解之说明文和议论文类限时练
（2023·重庆·西南大学附中校考三模）We have no idea what the job market will look like in 2050. It is generally agreed that machine learning and robotics will 1 almost every line of work — from producing yoghurt to teaching yoga. 2 , there are conflicting views about the nature of the change and its urgency. Some believe that within only a decade or two, billions of people will become 3 redundant (多余的). Others think that, even in the long run 4 will keep creating new jobs and will provide greater future for all.
So, are we really facing a terrifying sudden change, or are such 5 meant to attract people’s attention It is hard to say. Fears that automation will create considerable 6 go back to the 19’century, and so far they have never come true. Since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, for every job lost to a machine at least one new job was 7 , and the average standard of living has increased greatly.
Yet, there are good reasons to think that this time is different, and that machine learning will be a real 8 . Humans have two types of abilities — physical and cognitive (认知的). In the past, machines competed with humans mainly in 9 abilities, while humans still had a great advantage over machines in cognitive. 10 , as physical jobs in agriculture and industry were automated, new service jobs appeared that required the kind of cognitive skills only humans possess. They include learning, 11 , communicating and, above all else, understanding human emotions. However, AI is now beginning to 12 humans in more and more of these skills, including the understanding of human emotions.
We don’t know of any third field of activity — beyond the physical and the cognitive — where humans will always have a secure 13 . It is important to realize that AI revolution is not just about computers getting faster and smarter. It is also one that is being 14 by our breakthroughs in the life sciences and the social sciences as well. The better we understand the biochemical mechanisms (机制) that support human desires and choices, the better computers can become at analyzing human emotions, predicting human decisions, and 15 human drivers, bankers and lawyers.
1．A．carve B．change C．replace D．threaten
2．A．Besides B．However C．Therefore D．Likewise
3．A．economically B．psychologically C．environmentally D．socially
4．A．urbanization B．cooperation C．competition D．automation
5．A．outcomes B．forecasts C．excuses D．reflections
6．A．damage B．emergency C．production D．unemployment
7．A．dumped B．shelved C．created D．testified
8．A．trouble-maker B．time-saver C．game-changer D．truth-seeker
9．A．physical B．mental C．social D．mathematical
10．A．By contrast B．For example C．As a result D．In addition
11．A．analyzing B．copying C．walking D．measuring
12．A．go in for B．make do with C．turn away from D．catch up with
13．A．environment B．connection C．estimation D．advantage
14．A．dampened B．defined C．fueled D．doubted
15．A．appealing B．replacing C．standardizing D．diversifying
（2023·江西·江西省宜丰中学校联考二模）Winter goes and summer comes. The tides 16 ; the tides withdraw. All nature is a circle of moods and I am a 17 of nature. It is one of nature’s 18 , little understood, that each day I 19 with moods that have changed from yesterday. Inside me is a wheel, 20 turning. Like the flowers, today’s full blossom will 21 , yet I will remember today’s dead flower carries the seed of tomorrow’s blossom.
And how will I master these emotions so that each day will be 22 Trees and plants depend on the weather to 23 , but I make my own weather. I 24 it with me. If I bring enthusiasm to my customers, they will 25 with enthusiasm and my weather will produce a harvest of sales and a lot of gold for me. I will learn this secret: weak is he who permits his thoughts to control his actions; strong is he who 26 his actions to control his thoughts. Each day I will follow this plan of battle before I am 27 by the forces of sadness, 28 and failure. I will know only those with inferior(较次的) ability can always be 29 , and I am not inferior. If I feel depressed I will sing. If I feel 30 I will remember my goals.Yet, some emotions approach me with a smile, which can also destroy me. If I become overly proud, I will remember my weaknesses. If I feel my skill is 31 , I will look at the stars.
With this new knowledge I will make 32 of a person’s anger of today, for he doesn’t know the secret of controlling his mind. No longer will I judge a man on one 33 . This secret will be my key to great wealth. From this moment I am 34 to control whatever personality awakes in me each day. I will control my fate, which is to become the greatest 35 in the world!
16．A．advance B．disappear C．exist D．fall
17．A．native B．colleague C．supporter D．part
18．A．jokes B．secrets C．experiences D．awards
19．A．break in B．wake up C．take off D．give out
20．A．constantly B．temporarily C．casually D．elegantly
21．A．appear B．blow C．fade D．spread
22．A．anxious B．natural C．additional D．productive
23．A．sow B．grow C．separate D．shelter
24．A．fold B．follow C．carry D．load
25．A．react B．review C．recite D．repeat
26．A．obtains B．regards C．allows D．observes
27．A．chosen B．seized C．received D．witnessed
28．A．self-awareness B．self-control C．self-esteem D．self-pity
29．A．behind the scene B．on the bottom line C．at the end of the rope D．out of sight
30．A．insignificant B．improper C．impolite D．unconscious
31．A．concrete B．inadequate C．abstract D．unmatched
32．A．use B．fun C．sure D．sense
33．A．view B．meeting C．experiment D．idiom
34．A．limited B．reserved C．prepared D．afraid
35．A．salesman B．player C．architect D．designer
（2023·福建厦门·厦门一中校考一模）Whenever I am in a group of people, I feel like everyone knows what to say and I have no idea. When I do try to join in, I get anxious. I struggle 36 words. This happens at parties or meetings. I feel judged- 37 I were being interviewed for a job. People think I am a loner. Maybe I am.
Individuals experiencing this type of social 38 often avoid eye contact, because it makes them feel 39 and judged. The feelings of awkwardness and not fitting in with others are often disarming, preventing these individuals from 40 themselves and sticking up for themselves in social environments, though they may be 41 at asserting themselves in environments that are focused on a task rather than 42
To 43 into a group, you need to be interested in the topics that others in the group are interested in and talk about them the way they do. Becoming a part of these groups requires that you 44 some of your individuality in order to accept others’ 45 and values.
Some individuals are chameleon (变色龙)-like in that they 46 pick up the patterns of relating to different groups and 47 themselves accordingly. For them, this is automatic and they don’t even come to the 48 that they are changing themselves to fit into groups. If you are one of those people who feel 49 in most social group settings, it may be because you 50 changing the way you think in order to feel part of a group. Maybe you are better off.
36．A．reading B．pronouncing C．seeing D．writing
37．A．even though B．as C．if D．as if
38．A．status B．discomfort C．event D．response
39．A．transparent B．urgent C．frustrated D．Disappointed
40．A．comforting B．correcting C．asserting D．convincing
41．A．creative B．effective C．attractive D．tentative
42．A．contribution B．requirement C．assignment D．socialization
43．A．dive B．dig C．get D．fit
44．A．sacrifice B．give C．examine D．present
45．A．hobbies B．approaches C．perspectives D．promises
46．A．naturally B．partly C．vaguely D．merely
47．A．explain B．support C．help D．modify
48．A．conclusion B．realization C．decision D．point
49．A．attached B．removed C．disconnected D．connected
50．A．resist B．allow C．miss D．suggest
（2023·江苏南通·校考一模）“Whenever I am in a group of people, I feel like everyone knows what to say except me. When I try to join in, I get anxious and have a struggle 51 words. This happens at parties or meetings and I feel 52 — as if I were being interviewed for a job. People think I am a loner. Maybe I am ”
Individuals experiencing this type of social 53 often avoid eye contact, because it makes them feel 54 and judged. The feelings of awkwardness and not fitting in with others are often frustrating. It prevents these individuals from defending and 55 for themselves in social environments, though they may be 56 at holding on to their opinions in environments that are focused on a task rather than 57 .
Fitting into groups of people requires 58 . You need to be interested in the topics that others in the group are interested in and talk about them the way they do. Becoming a part of these groups requires that you 59 some of your individuality in order to accept others` 60 and values.
Some individuals are like chameleon(变色龙)in that they 61 pick up the patterns of different groups and 62 themselves accordingly. For them, this is automatic and they don’t even come to the 63 that they are changing themselves to fit into groups. If you are one of those people who feels 64 in most social group settings, it may be because you 65 changing the way you think in order to feel part of a group and this shouldn’t be a weakness or a failure.
51．A．reading B．pronouncing C．seeing D．writing
52．A．exposed B．ignored C．considered D．judged
53．A．status B．discomfort C．event D．response
54．A．transparent B．urgent C．frustrated D．disappointed
55．A．insisting on B．breaking down C．sticking up D．taking over
56．A．creative B．effective C．attractive D．tentative
57．A．contribution B．requirement C．assignment D．socialization
58．A．attention B．honesty C．affection D．agreement
59．A．sacrifice B．give C．examine D．present
60．A．hobbies B．approaches C．views D．promises
61．A．naturally B．partly C．vaguely D．merely
62．A．explain B．support C．help D．accommodate
63．A．conclusion B．awareness C．decision D．point
64．A．attached B．removed C．disconnected D．connected
65．A．resist B．allow C．miss D．suggest
（2022·广东·统考模拟预测）Italian shepherds are taking the lead in forest fire prevention, by leading their animals to eat the bush. Laws once 66 such practices are being changed, as rural communities begin taking a 67 in forest management.
In thinner forested areas, larger animals feeding on plants were found to be 68 in reducing forest fire risk. Smaller animals like goats and sheep are 69 for areas that lack natural predators (天敌). In Italy, the eating habits of smaller animals make them perfect for 70 woody bushes.
Although a forest seems fascinating, 71 it’s no longer a natural ecosystem. When climate change regulations limited the shepherd’s 72 to work in woodlands, it was part of a continent-wide 73 to fight against deforestation. The effort worked well, with total forest 74 in Italy increasing by 75% since the 1960s. Red deer and other native animals have disappeared. Therefore, the 75 of sheep and goats meant that nothing prevented woody bushes from dominating the land, turning small fires into 76 ones.
Meanwhile, shepherds decided to write letters asking the permission to graze in the woods again. They hoped to carry out a 77 project of rural areas, where Italy’s worst wildfire within 40 years 78 its way from the mountain tops to the sea. They hoped to bring in more shepherds to control the fires and 79 eco-tourism in the area. It makes sense that those most invested in the forests’ 80 would be worthwhile to save them, which goes for both the shepherds and the animals.
66．A．monitoring B．advising C．banning D．introducing
67．A．role B．message C．chance D．break
68．A．decisive B．effective C．proper D．relevant
69．A．ready B．responsible C．hopeful D．suitable
70．A．cutting off B．helping out C．clearing away D．putting down
71．A．clearly B．gradually C．luckily D．actually
72．A．ability B．imagination C．desire D．risk
73．A．wish B．success C．victory D．effort
74．A．growth B．cover C．thickness D．quality
75．A．loss B．arrival C．choice D．disadvantage
76．A．uncomfortable B．unbelievable C．unforgettable D．uncontrollable
77．A．production B．creation C．restoration D．competition
78．A．burned B．picked C．blocked D．forced
79．A．vary B．reduce C．encourage D．spread
80．A．exploration B．location C．health D．survival
19阅读理解之说明文和议论文类限时练
（2023·重庆·西南大学附中校考三模）We have no idea what the job market will look like in 2050. It is generally agreed that machine learning and robotics will 1 almost every line of work — from producing yoghurt to teaching yoga. 2 , there are conflicting views about the nature of the change and its urgency. Some believe that within only a decade or two, billions of people will become 3 redundant (多余的). Others think that, even in the long run 4 will keep creating new jobs and will provide greater future for all.
So, are we really facing a terrifying sudden change, or are such 5 meant to attract people’s attention It is hard to say. Fears that automation will create considerable 6 go back to the 19’century, and so far they have never come true. Since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, for every job lost to a machine at least one new job was 7 , and the average standard of living has increased greatly.
Yet, there are good reasons to think that this time is different, and that machine learning will be a real 8 . Humans have two types of abilities — physical and cognitive (认知的). In the past, machines competed with humans mainly in 9 abilities, while humans still had a great advantage over machines in cognitive. 10 , as physical jobs in agriculture and industry were automated, new service jobs appeared that required the kind of cognitive skills only humans possess. They include learning, 11 , communicating and, above all else, understanding human emotions. However, AI is now beginning to 12 humans in more and more of these skills, including the understanding of human emotions.
We don’t know of any third field of activity — beyond the physical and the cognitive — where humans will always have a secure 13 . It is important to realize that AI revolution is not just about computers getting faster and smarter. It is also one that is being 14 by our breakthroughs in the life sciences and the social sciences as well. The better we understand the biochemical mechanisms (机制) that support human desires and choices, the better computers can become at analyzing human emotions, predicting human decisions, and 15 human drivers, bankers and lawyers.
1．A．carve B．change C．replace D．threaten
2．A．Besides B．However C．Therefore D．Likewise
3．A．economically B．psychologically C．environmentally D．socially
4．A．urbanization B．cooperation C．competition D．automation
5．A．outcomes B．forecasts C．excuses D．reflections
6．A．damage B．emergency C．production D．unemployment
7．A．dumped B．shelved C．created D．testified
8．A．trouble-maker B．time-saver C．game-changer D．truth-seeker
9．A．physical B．mental C．social D．mathematical
10．A．By contrast B．For example C．As a result D．In addition
11．A．analyzing B．copying C．walking D．measuring
12．A．go in for B．make do with C．turn away from D．catch up with
13．A．environment B．connection C．estimation D．advantage
14．A．dampened B．defined C．fueled D．doubted
15．A．appealing B．replacing C．standardizing D．diversifying
【答案】
1．B 2．B 3．A 4．D 5．B 6．D 7．C 8．C 9．A 10．C 11．A 12．D 13．D 14．C 15．B
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要论述了科技发展人工智能对于就业带来的影响。
1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：人们普遍认为，机器学习和机器人技术将改变几乎每一项工作——从生产酸奶到教授瑜伽。A. carve雕刻；B. change改变；C. replace取代；D. threaten威胁。根据下文“there are conflicting views about the nature of the change and its urgency(关于变革的性质及其紧迫性，存在着相互矛盾的观点)”可知，这里说的是机器人给每项工作带来的改变，故选B项。
2．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，关于变革的性质及其紧迫性，存在着相互矛盾的观点。A. Besides此外；B. However然而；C. Therefore因此；D. Likewise同样地。根据下文“there are conflicting views about the nature of the change and its urgency(关于变革的性质及其紧迫性，存在着相互矛盾的观点)”可知，这里使用However表转折符合句意，故选B项。
3．考查副词词义辨析。句意：有人认为，只要再过10年或20年，数十亿人将在经济上变得多余。A. economically经济上；B. psychologically心理上地；C. environmentally与环境有关地；D. socially社会上。根据下文“Fears that automation will create considerable 6 go back to the 19’century(自动化将造成大量失业的担忧可以追溯到19世纪)”可知，这里说的是，自动化会造成大量失业，所以是经济上的多余，故选A项。
4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：其他人认为，即使从长远来看，自动化也将继续创造新的就业机会，并为所有人提供更好的未来。A. urbanization城市化；B. cooperation合作；C. competition竞争；D. automation自动化。根据上文“Fears that automation will create considerable 6 go back to the 19’century, and so far they have never come true(对自动化将造成大量失业的担忧可以追溯到19世纪，但到目前为止，这些担忧从未实现。)”可知，这里要说的是机器自动化会创造新的就业就会，故选D项。
5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：那么，我们真的面临着可怕的突然变化吗？还是这样的预测是为了吸引人们的注意力？A. outcomes结果；B. forecasts预测；C. excuses借口；D. reflections反映。根据上文“Some believe that within only a decade or two, billions of people will become 3 redundant (多余的). Others think that, even in the long run 4 will keep creating new jobs and will provide greater future for all.（一些人认为，在短短的一二十年内，数十亿人将在社会上变得多余。其他人认为，即使从长远来看，自动化也将继续创造新的就业机会，并为所有人提供更好的未来。）”可知，这里说的是上文中的这些预测是真的吗？故选B项。
6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：对自动化将造成大量失业的担忧可以追溯到19世纪，但到目前为止，这些担忧从未实现。A. damage损害；B. emergency紧急情况；C. production生产；D. unemployment失业。根据上文“Some believe that within only a decade or two, billions of people will become 3 redundant (多余的).(一些人认为，在短短的一二十年内，数十亿人将在社会上变得多余。)”可知，这里说的是自动化会造成失业，故选D项。
7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：自工业革命开始以来，机器每失去一个工作岗位，就至少创造了一个新的工作岗位，平均生活水平大大提高。A. dumped倾倒；B. shelved搁置；C. created创造；D. testified证明。根据上文“Others think that, even in the long run 4 will keep creating new jobs and will provide greater future for all.(其他人认为，即使从长远来看，自动化也将继续创造新的就业机会，并为所有人提供更好的未来。)”可知，这里说的是失去一个工作岗位的同时就会创造一个新的工作岗位，故选C项。
8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，有充分的理由认为，这一次不同了，机器学习将真正改变游戏规则。A. trouble-maker 麻烦制造者；B. time-saver节省时间者；C. game-changer力挽狂澜者；D. truth-seeker寻求真相者。根据上文“Yet, there are good reasons to think that this time is different”可知，这里要说的是改变游戏规则，人工智能在很多方面开始赶上人类，故选C项。
9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：过去，机器主要在身体能力上与人类竞争，而人类在认知能力上仍比机器有很大优势。A. physical身体的；B. mental心理的；C. social社交的；D. mathematical数学的。根据下文“while humans still had a great advantage over machines in cognitive (而人类在认知能力上仍比机器有很大优势)”可知，这里说的是机器主要在身体能力上与人类竞争，故选A项。
10．考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：因此，随着农业和工业中的体力工作实现自动化，出现了新的服务性工作，这些工作需要只有人类才能拥有的那种认知技能。A. By contrast相比较而言；B. For example例如；C. As a result因此；D. In addition另外。结合上下句的句意可知，此处使用As a result“因此”来构成因果关系，符合句意，故选C项。
11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它们包括学习、分析、交流，最重要的是理解人类的情感。A. analyzing分析；B. copying复制；C. walking散步；D. measuring测量。根据上文“while humans still had a great advantage over machines in cognitive (而人类在认知能力上仍比机器有很大优势)”可知，这里要说的是一种认知能力，analyzing“分析”符合句意，故选A项。
12．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：然而，人工智能现在开始在越来越多的这些技能上赶上人类，包括对人类情绪的理解。A. go in for对……感兴趣；B. make do with凑合着用；C. turn away from厌恶；D. catch up with赶上。根据上文“In the past, machines competed with humans mainly in 9 abilities, while humans still had a great advantage over machines in cognitive.(过去，机器主要在身体能力上与人类竞争，而人类在认知能力上仍比机器有很大优势。)”可知，现在人工智能在这些认知能力上也开始赶上人类，故选D项。
13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们不知道除了身体和认知之外，还有任何第三个活动领域会让人类始终拥有安全的优势。A. environment环境；B. connection连接；C. estimation评价；D. advantage优势。根据上文“Humans have two types of abilities — physical and cognitive (认知的). In the past, machines competed with humans mainly in 9 abilities, while humans still had a great advantage over machines in cognitive.(人类拥有两种能力——身体的和认知的。过去，机器主要在身体能力上与人类竞争，而人类在认知能力上仍比机器有很大优势。)”可知，这里说的是没有第三种优势，故选D项。
14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这也是由我们在生命科学和社会科学方面的突破所推动的。A. dampened依靠；B. defined下定义；C. fueled加强；D. doubted怀疑。根据下文“The better we understand the biochemical mechanisms (机制) that support human desires and choices, the better computers can become at analyzing human emotions, predicting human decisions, and 15 human drivers, bankers and lawyers.(我们越是了解支持人类欲望和选择的生化机制，计算机就越能更好地分析人类情绪，预测人类决策，并取代人类司机、银行家和律师。)”可知，这里说的是生命科学和社会科学的突破推动了计算机的发展，故选C项。
15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们越是了解支持人类欲望和选择的生化机制，计算机就越能更好地分析人类情绪，预测人类决策，并取代人类司机、银行家和律师。A. appealing呼吁；B. replacing取代；C. standardizing使标准化；D. diversifying多样化。根据上文“The better we understand the biochemical mechanisms (机制) that support human desires and choices, the better computers can become at analyzing human emotions, predicting human decisions(我们越是了解支持人类欲望和选择的生化机制，计算机就越能更好地分析人类情绪，预测人类决策)”可知，计算机能够分析人类情绪，预测人类决策进而会取代这些岗位，故选B项。
（2023·江西·江西省宜丰中学校联考二模）Winter goes and summer comes. The tides 16 ; the tides withdraw. All nature is a circle of moods and I am a 17 of nature. It is one of nature’s 18 , little understood, that each day I 19 with moods that have changed from yesterday. Inside me is a wheel, 20 turning. Like the flowers, today’s full blossom will 21 , yet I will remember today’s dead flower carries the seed of tomorrow’s blossom.
And how will I master these emotions so that each day will be 22 Trees and plants depend on the weather to 23 , but I make my own weather. I 24 it with me. If I bring enthusiasm to my customers, they will 25 with enthusiasm and my weather will produce a harvest of sales and a lot of gold for me. I will learn this secret: weak is he who permits his thoughts to control his actions; strong is he who 26 his actions to control his thoughts. Each day I will follow this plan of battle before I am 27 by the forces of sadness, 28 and failure. I will know only those with inferior(较次的) ability can always be 29 , and I am not inferior. If I feel depressed I will sing. If I feel 30 I will remember my goals.Yet, some emotions approach me with a smile, which can also destroy me. If I become overly proud, I will remember my weaknesses. If I feel my skill is 31 , I will look at the stars.
With this new knowledge I will make 32 of a person’s anger of today, for he doesn’t know the secret of controlling his mind. No longer will I judge a man on one 33 . This secret will be my key to great wealth. From this moment I am 34 to control whatever personality awakes in me each day. I will control my fate, which is to become the greatest 35 in the world!
16．A．advance B．disappear C．exist D．fall
17．A．native B．colleague C．supporter D．part
18．A．jokes B．secrets C．experiences D．awards
19．A．break in B．wake up C．take off D．give out
20．A．constantly B．temporarily C．casually D．elegantly
21．A．appear B．blow C．fade D．spread
22．A．anxious B．natural C．additional D．productive
23．A．sow B．grow C．separate D．shelter
24．A．fold B．follow C．carry D．load
25．A．react B．review C．recite D．repeat
26．A．obtains B．regards C．allows D．observes
27．A．chosen B．seized C．received D．witnessed
28．A．self-awareness B．self-control C．self-esteem D．self-pity
29．A．behind the scene B．on the bottom line C．at the end of the rope D．out of sight
30．A．insignificant B．improper C．impolite D．unconscious
31．A．concrete B．inadequate C．abstract D．unmatched
32．A．use B．fun C．sure D．sense
33．A．view B．meeting C．experiment D．idiom
34．A．limited B．reserved C．prepared D．afraid
35．A．salesman B．player C．architect D．designer
【答案】
16．A 17．D 18．B 19．B 20．A 21．C 22．D 23．B 24．C 25．A 26．C 27．B 28．D 29．C 30．A 31．D 32．D 33．B 34．C 35．A
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章作者认为冬去春来，潮起潮落。自然界万物都在循环往复的变化中，而我们能做的只有学会控制自己的情绪才能让自己的一生有所成效。
16．考查动词词义辨析。句意：潮起潮落。A. advance提高、前进；B. disappear消失；C. exist存在；D. fall倒下。根据上文“Winter goes and summer comes.”中的“goes”和“comes”可知，空处和下文动词“withdraw”相反，指的是浪潮前行。故选A。
17．考查名词词义辨析。句意：自然界万物都在循环往复的变化中，我也是其中一部分。A. native本地人；B. colleague同事；C. supporter支持者；D. part 部分。根据常理推测，每个人都是天地万物的一部分。故选D。
18．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是大自然的一个秘密，很少有人窥破天机：每天我醒来时，不再有旧日的心情。A. jokes笑话；B. secrets秘密；C. experiences经历；D. awards 奖励。根据上文“Winter goes and summer comes. The tides___1___; the tides withdraw. All nature is a circle of moods and I am a___2___of nature.”可知，这是自然发展的秘密，没有人知道原因。故选B。
19．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：这是大自然的一个秘密，很少有人窥破天机：每天我醒来时，不再有旧日的心情。A. break in破门而入；B. wake up醒来；C. take off脱下、起飞；D. give out 分发。根据最后一段“From this moment I am___19___to control whatever personality awakes in me each day.”可知，作者指的是每天早上醒来时，心情都会不一样。故选B。
20．考查副词词义辨析。句意：我心中像有个轮子，不停地转动。A. constantly不断地、不停地；B. temporarily暂时地；C. casually随意地；D. elegantly 优雅地。根据上文“Inside me is a wheel”可知，作者指的是内心有个轮子，在不停地转动。故选A。
21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这就像花儿的变化一样，今天的盛放明天也会凋谢，但我要记住今天枯败的花儿蕴藏着明天新生的种子。A. appear出现；B. blow吹；C. fade褪色、凋谢；D. spread 蔓延。根据下文“I will remember today’s dead flower carries the seed of tomorrow’s blossom.”可知，作者认为今日枯萎的花朵蕴藏着明天新生种子，所以空处指的是盛放终会凋谢。故选C。
22．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我怎样才能控制这些情绪，让每一天都富有成效呢？A. anxious焦虑的；B. natural自然的；C. additional额外的；D. productive 多产的、有成效的。根据下文“If I bring enthusiasm to my customers, they will___10___with enthusiasm and my weather will produce a harvest of sales and a lot of gold for me.”以及本段内容可知，作者是希望控制自己的情绪从而让自己的生活富有成效。故选D。
23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：花草树木，依靠天气而生长，但是我为自己创造天气。A. sow播种；B. grow成长；C. separate分离；D. shelter庇护。根据空前“Trees and plants depend on the weather”可知，根据常理推测，花草树木是依靠天气而生长。故选B。
24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我要自己承载自己的天气。A. fold折叠；B. follow追随；C. carry承载、携带；D. load 装载。根据上文“I make my own weather”可知，作者觉得花草树木依靠天气而生长，所以作者要创造自己的天气，作者所谓的天气就是指的是让自己一天有成效的心情。由此判断，作者是要掌控自己的情绪，也就是要承载自己的天气。故选C。
25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果我给我的顾客带来热情，他们会以热情回应，我的天气将为我带来销售的收获和大量的金钱回报。A. react反应；B. review复习、评论；C. recite背诵；D. repeat 重复。根据上文“If I bring enthusiasm to my customers”可知，作者的意思是如果作者给顾客带去热情，那么也会得到热情的回应。故选A。
26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我要学会这个秘诀：弱者任思绪控制行为，强者让行为控制思绪。A. obtains包含；B. regards认为；C. allows允许；D. observes 观察。根据上文“weak is he who permits his thoughts to control his actions”可知，空处单词和“permit”意思相近，选项C“allow”，意为“允许、让”。故选C。
27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：每天，在被悲伤、自怜和失败的情绪抓住之前，我就这样与之对抗。A. chosen选择；B. seized抓住；C. received接收；D. witnessed 见证。根据上文“Each day I will follow this plan of battle”可知，作者每天都在与消极情绪作斗争，所以空处指的是作者被消极情绪所掌控。故选B。
28．考查名词词义辨析。句意：每天，在被悲伤、自怜和失败的情绪包围之前，我就这样与之对抗。A. self-awareness自我意识；B. self-control自我控制；C. self-esteem自尊；D. self-pity 自怜。根据空前“sadness”以及空后“failure”可知，空处是表示消极情绪的名词。故选D。
29．考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：我要知道，只有低能者才会江郎才尽，我并非低能者。A. behind the scene幕后；B. on the bottom line底线；C. at the end of the rope束手无策、江郎才尽；D. out of sight看不见。根据上文内容可知，作者不希望自己被消极情绪击败，并渴望自己的成功，由此判断，作者认为只有低能者才会束手无策。故选C。
30．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我感到自己无关紧要时，我会想起我的目标。A. insignificant无关紧要的；B. improper不恰当的；C. impolite不礼貌的；D. unconscious 无意识的。根据上文“If I feel depressed I will sing.”可知，面对挫折，作者会努力保持积极乐观的态度。由此判断，作者在觉得自己渺小的时候会记住自己的目标。故选A。
31．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果我觉得我自己的技能无与伦比的，我就仰望星空。A. concrete具体的；B. inadequate不充分的；C. abstract抽象的；D. unmatched 无与伦比的。根据下文“I will look at the stars.”可知，作者会仰望星空。根据上文“If I become overly proud, I will remember my weaknesses.”可知，作者在骄傲的时候会记住自己有弱点。由此判断，作者仰望天空是怕自己太过自满，所以空处指的是当作者觉得自己的技能无与伦比时，他会仰望星空提醒自己的渺小。故选D。
32．考查名词词义辨析。句意：有了这些新知识，我就能理解一个人今天的愤怒，因为他不知道控制自己情绪的秘诀。A. use使用；B. fun乐趣；C. sure确信的；D. sense 感觉。考查短语：make sense of，意为“理解、明白”。根据上文可知，作者明白了一个人愤怒的原因是因为不知道如何控制自己的情绪。故选D。
33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我再也不会凭一次会面来判断一个人了。A. view观点；B. meeting会面、见面；C. experiment实验；D. idiom 俗语。根据上文可知，作者会理解一个人的愤怒。由此判断，作者指的是不会仅凭一次会面就判断一个人的好坏。故选B。
34．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：从这一刻起，我准备好控制自己每天醒来的个性。A. limited有限的；B. reserved预定的；C. prepared准备充分的；D. afraid 害怕的。根据上文内容可知，作者明白了一个人情绪变化的原因，由此判断，作者已经准备好每天醒来时面对自己变化的个性。故选C。
35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我要掌握自己的命运，那就是成为世界上最伟大的推销员！A. salesman销售员；B. player玩家；C. architect建筑师；D. designer设计者。根据上文“If I bring enthusiasm to my customers, they will 10 with enthusiasm and my weather will produce a harvest of sales and a lot of gold for me.”可知，作者是一名销售员，所以作者希望成为世界上最伟大的销售员。故选A。
（2023·福建厦门·厦门一中校考一模）Whenever I am in a group of people, I feel like everyone knows what to say and I have no idea. When I do try to join in, I get anxious. I struggle 36 words. This happens at parties or meetings. I feel judged- 37 I were being interviewed for a job. People think I am a loner. Maybe I am.
Individuals experiencing this type of social 38 often avoid eye contact, because it makes them feel 39 and judged. The feelings of awkwardness and not fitting in with others are often disarming, preventing these individuals from 40 themselves and sticking up for themselves in social environments, though they may be 41 at asserting themselves in environments that are focused on a task rather than 42
To 43 into a group, you need to be interested in the topics that others in the group are interested in and talk about them the way they do. Becoming a part of these groups requires that you 44 some of your individuality in order to accept others’ 45 and values.
Some individuals are chameleon (变色龙)-like in that they 46 pick up the patterns of relating to different groups and 47 themselves accordingly. For them, this is automatic and they don’t even come to the 48 that they are changing themselves to fit into groups. If you are one of those people who feel 49 in most social group settings, it may be because you 50 changing the way you think in order to feel part of a group. Maybe you are better off.
36．A．reading B．pronouncing C．seeing D．writing
37．A．even though B．as C．if D．as if
38．A．status B．discomfort C．event D．response
39．A．transparent B．urgent C．frustrated D．Disappointed
40．A．comforting B．correcting C．asserting D．convincing
41．A．creative B．effective C．attractive D．tentative
42．A．contribution B．requirement C．assignment D．socialization
43．A．dive B．dig C．get D．fit
44．A．sacrifice B．give C．examine D．present
45．A．hobbies B．approaches C．perspectives D．promises
46．A．naturally B．partly C．vaguely D．merely
47．A．explain B．support C．help D．modify
48．A．conclusion B．realization C．decision D．point
49．A．attached B．removed C．disconnected D．connected
50．A．resist B．allow C．miss D．suggest
【答案】
36．B 37．D 38．B 39．A 40．C 41．B 42．D 43．D 44．A 45．C 46．A 47．D 48．B 49．C 50．A
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。作者认为，拒绝改变自己去融入团队，也是一种展示自己是团队一员的方式，或许这对于不太擅于社交的人来说，是一种更好的方式。
36．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我很难发音。A. reading阅读；B. pronouncing发音；C. seeing看见；D. writing写作。根据上文“Whenever I am in a group of people, I feel like everyone knows what to say and I have no idea. When I do try to join in, I get anxious.”可知，作者认为每个人都该说点什么，但是他紧张了，所以他说不出话，故选B。
37．考查连词词义辨析。句意：我觉得自己被评判了，就好像在面试工作一样。A. even though尽管；B. as因为；C. if如果；D. as if似乎，好像。根据上文“I were being interviewed for a job”可知，作者用“面试的尴尬”来比喻“自己在公共场合说不出话的窘境”，故选D。
38．考查名词词义辨析。句意：有这种社交不适感的人通常会避免眼神交流，因为这会让他们觉得自己很透明，会被人评判。A. status地位，状况；B. discomfort不适；C. event事件；D. response回应。根据下文“avoid eye contact”可知，感到不适才会避免眼神交流。故选B。
39．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有这种社交不适感的人通常会避免眼神交流，因为这会让他们觉得自己很透明，会被人评判。A. transparent透明的；B. urgent紧急的；C. frustrated受挫的；D. disappointed失望的。根据下文“judged”推知，感觉自己是透明的，很容易被人评判（即看穿），故选A。
40．考查动词词义辨析。句意：尴尬和不适应他人的感觉通常会让人解除戒备，阻止这些人在社交环境中坚持自己和坚持自己，尽管他们可能会在专注于任务而不是社交的环境中有效地坚持自己。A. comforting安慰；B. correcting校正；C. asserting维护；D. convincing令人信服。根据下文的“asserting themselves in environments”可知，此处为原词复现，即解除戒备后，人出于放松的状态，不能很好的坚持自己（的观点等）。故选C。
41．考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. creative有创意的；B. effective有效的；C. attractive吸引人的；D. tentative试探性的。根据下文“ asserting themselves in environments that are focused on a task ”可知，此处指在专注于任务时，那些尴尬和不适应他人的人能有效的坚持自己（但在社交情况下他们不能）。故选B。
42．考查名词词义辨析。句意同5小题。A. contribution贡献；B. requirement要求；C. assignment任务；D. socialization社会化。呼应上文“preventing these individuals from 5 themselves and sticking up for themselves in social environments”此处指社交环境，故选D。
43．考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了融入团队，你需要对团队中其他人感兴趣的话题感兴趣，并以他们的方式谈论这些话题。A. dive潜水；B. dig挖掘；C. get得到；D. fit适应。根据下文的“Becoming a part of these groups”可知，是融入团队，故选D。
44．考查名词词义辨析。句意：要成为这些群体的一员，你必须牺牲自己的一些个性，以接受他人的观点和价值观。A. sacrifice牺牲；B. give给予；C. examine检查；D. present颁发，现身。根据上文“accept others’ ____10____ and values”可知，需要接受他人的价值观和其他东西，这就是一种牺牲。故选A。
45．考查名词词义辨析。句意：要成为这些群体的一员，你必须牺牲自己的一些个性，以接受他人的观点和价值观。A. hobbies爱好；B. approaches方法；C. perspectives看法；D. promises承诺。根据下文的“and”可知，此处和value并列指“看法”，故选C。
46．考查副词词义辨析。句意：有些人就像变色龙一样，他们自然而然地学会了与不同群体打交道的模式，并相应地调整自己。A. naturally自然地；B. partly部分地；C. vaguely稍微地；D. merely仅仅，只。根据下文“this is automatic”可知，他们的改变是自然而然的，故选A。
47．考查动词词义辨析。句意：有些人就像变色龙一样，他们自然而然地学会了与不同群体打交道的模式，并相应地调整自己。A. explain解释；B. support支持；C. help帮助；D. modify改变。根据下文的“changing themselves”可知，是改变自己，故选D。
48．考查名词词义辨析。句意：对他们来说，这是自动的，他们甚至没有意识到他们正在改变自己以适应群体。A. conclusion总结；B. realization意识；C. decision决定；D. point观点。根据上文的“this is automatic”可知，这种改变是“自动的”，就连他们自己都没有意识到，故选B。
49．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果你是那些在大多数社会群体中感觉与世隔绝的人之一，这可能是因为你拒绝改变自己的思维方式来感觉自己是群体的一部分。A. attached系上；B. removed移除；C. disconnected隔绝；D. connected连接。根据上文“that they are changing themselves to fit into groups”可知，有的人改变自己去融入集体，有的人感觉自己不能融入集体，好像与之隔绝。故选C。
50．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果你是那些在大多数社会群体中感觉与世隔绝的人之一，这可能是因为你抵制改变自己的思维方式来感觉自己是群体的一部分。A. resist抵抗；B. allow允许；C. miss错过；D. suggest建议。根据上文“who feel disconnected in most social group settings”可知，有的人感觉自己脱离集体，原因就是自己“抵制”改变，而感觉自己也是团队的一员。故选A。
（2023·江苏南通·校考一模）“Whenever I am in a group of people, I feel like everyone knows what to say except me. When I try to join in, I get anxious and have a struggle 51 words. This happens at parties or meetings and I feel 52 — as if I were being interviewed for a job. People think I am a loner. Maybe I am ”
Individuals experiencing this type of social 53 often avoid eye contact, because it makes them feel 54 and judged. The feelings of awkwardness and not fitting in with others are often frustrating. It prevents these individuals from defending and 55 for themselves in social environments, though they may be 56 at holding on to their opinions in environments that are focused on a task rather than 57 .
Fitting into groups of people requires 58 . You need to be interested in the topics that others in the group are interested in and talk about them the way they do. Becoming a part of these groups requires that you 59 some of your individuality in order to accept others` 60 and values.
Some individuals are like chameleon(变色龙)in that they 61 pick up the patterns of different groups and 62 themselves accordingly. For them, this is automatic and they don’t even come to the 63 that they are changing themselves to fit into groups. If you are one of those people who feels 64 in most social group settings, it may be because you 65 changing the way you think in order to feel part of a group and this shouldn’t be a weakness or a failure.
51．A．reading B．pronouncing C．seeing D．writing
52．A．exposed B．ignored C．considered D．judged
53．A．status B．discomfort C．event D．response
54．A．transparent B．urgent C．frustrated D．disappointed
55．A．insisting on B．breaking down C．sticking up D．taking over
56．A．creative B．effective C．attractive D．tentative
57．A．contribution B．requirement C．assignment D．socialization
58．A．attention B．honesty C．affection D．agreement
59．A．sacrifice B．give C．examine D．present
60．A．hobbies B．approaches C．views D．promises
61．A．naturally B．partly C．vaguely D．merely
62．A．explain B．support C．help D．accommodate
63．A．conclusion B．awareness C．decision D．point
64．A．attached B．removed C．disconnected D．connected
65．A．resist B．allow C．miss D．suggest
【答案】
51．B 52．D 53．B 54．A 55．C 56．B 57．D 58．D 59．A 60．C 61．A 62．D 63．B 64．C 65．A
【导语】本文是一篇议论文，文章解释了为什么在社交场合中，即使是和朋友在一起依旧还会感觉到孤独。
51．考查动词词义辨析。句意：每当我和一群人在一起时，我觉得除了我，每个人都知道该说什么。当我试着加入时，我变得焦虑，不知道说什么。A. reading阅读；B. pronouncing发音，说话；C. seeing看；D. writing写。根据前文“I feel like everyone knows what to say except me.”可知，当作者和别人在一起的时候，作者觉得每个人都知道该说什么除了作者，所以作者觉得不知道和别人说什么。pronounce为动词，意为“说出”，符合题意。故选B。
52．考查动词词义辨析。句意：聚会和家庭成员会面的时候会发生这种情况，但我感觉被评判了——就像我在找工作面试一样。A. exposed暴露；B. ignored忽视；C. considered认为，考虑；D. judged判断，裁决。根据后文“as if I were being interviewed for a job.”可知，当聚会和家庭成员会面的时候，好像是面试一样，所以作者觉得自己被评判一样。故选D。
53．考查名词词义辨析。句意：有这种社交不适感的人通常会避免眼神交流，因为这会让他们觉得自己很透明，被人评判。A. status地位；B. discomfort不安；C. event事件；D. response回复。根据后文“When I try to join in, I get anxious and have a struggle 1 words.”可知，当作者和别人在一起的时候，作者觉得每个人都知道该说什么除了作者，所以作者觉得不知道和别人说什么。这种社交不安会让作者避免和别人有眼神交流。故选B。
54．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. transparent透明的；易识破的；B. urgent紧急的；C. frustrated沮丧的；D. disappointed失望的。根据前文“Individuals experiencing this type of social 3 often avoid eye contact,”可知，他们经常避免目光接触，因为这让他们觉得被看穿和受到评判。故选A。
55．考查动词短语辨析。句意：它阻止这些人在社会环境中捍卫和保持自己，尽管他们可能在专注于任务而不是社会化的环境中有效地坚持自己的观点。A. insisting on坚持要求；B. breaking down崩溃，垮掉；C. sticking up保持；D. talking over讨论。根据后文的“for themselves in social environments”可知社交不适感会阻止一些不擅长社交的人在社会环境中捍卫和保持自己。故选C。
56．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. creative有创造力的；B. effective有效的；C. attractive有吸引力的；D. tentative尝试性的。根据后文“holding on to their opinions in environments that are focused on a task rather than 7 .”可知，在专注于任务而不是社会化的环境中不擅长社交的人有效地坚持自己的观点。故选B。
57．考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. contribution贡献；B. requirement条件，要求；C. assignment任务；D. socialization社会化。根据前文“they may be 6 at holding on to their opinions in environments that are focused on a task”可知，不擅长社交的人他们专注于自己的任务，而不是进行社会化（进行社交活动），因为他们在社会化的过程中会产生不适。故选D。
58．考查名词词义辨析。句意：融入一群人需要达成一致。A. attention注意力；B. honesty诚实；C. affection喜爱，关爱；D. agreement同意。根据后文“You need to be interested in the topics that others in the group are interested in and talk about them the way they do.”可知，要想融入大多数群体需要从众，即获得大众的一致认同。故选D。
59．考查动词词义辨析。句意：要成为这些群体的一员，你必须牺牲自己的一些个性，以接受他人的观点和价值观。A. sacrifice牺牲；B. give给；C. examine检查；D. present呈现，出席。根据前文“Becoming a part of these groups”可知，成为群体的一部分要牺牲自己的个性，由此接受他人的价值和观点。故选A。
60．考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. hobbies嗜好；B. approaches途径；C. views观点，景色；D. promises承诺。根据后文的“values”可知，要成为这些群体的一员，你必须牺牲自己的一些个性，以接受他人的观点和价值观。故选C。
61．考查副词词义辨析。句意：有些人就像变色龙，他们自然地接受不同群体的模式，并相应地适应自己。A. naturally自然地；B. partly部分地；C. vaguely模糊地；D. merely仅仅地。根据前文“Some individuals are like chameleon(变色龙)”可知，有些人就像变色龙，他们自然地接受不同群体的模式。故选A。
62．考查动词词义辨析。句意：有些人就像变色龙，他们自然地接受不同群体的模式，并相应地适应自己。A. explain解释；B. support支持；C. help帮助；D. accommodate适应，提供住宿。根据前文“they 11 pick up the patterns of different groups”可知，有些人就像变色龙，他们自然地接受不同群体的模式，并相应地适应自己。故选D。
63．考查名词词义辨析。句意：对他们来说，这是自动的，他们甚至没有意识到他们正在改变自己以适应群体。A. conclusion结论；B. awareness意识；C. decision决定；D. point观点。根据前文“this is automatic”可知，对于这些擅长社交的人来说，他们并没有意识到自己正在改变自己适应整个群体。故选B。
64．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果你是那些在大多数社会群体中感觉与世隔绝的人之一，这可能是因为你拒绝改变自己的思维方式来感觉自己是群体的一部分，这不应该是一个弱点或失败。A. attached附属的，喜爱的；B. removed被移除的；C. disconnected失联的；D. connected有联系的。根据后文“it may be because you 15 changing the way you think in order to feel part of a group and this shouldn’t be a weakness or a failure.”可知，因为你拒绝改变自己的思维方式让自己成为群体的一部分，因此在社交场合中你是那种在大多数社会群体环境中感到被疏远的人。故选C。
65．考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. resist抵制；B. allow允许；C. miss错过；D. suggest建议。根据前文“If you are one of those people who feels 14 in most social group settings,”可知，如果你是那种在大多数社会群体环境中感到被疏远的人，这可能是因为你拒绝为了融入集体而改变自己的思维方式。故选A。
（2022·广东·统考模拟预测）Italian shepherds are taking the lead in forest fire prevention, by leading their animals to eat the bush. Laws once 66 such practices are being changed, as rural communities begin taking a 67 in forest management.
In thinner forested areas, larger animals feeding on plants were found to be 68 in reducing forest fire risk. Smaller animals like goats and sheep are 69 for areas that lack natural predators (天敌). In Italy, the eating habits of smaller animals make them perfect for 70 woody bushes.
Although a forest seems fascinating, 71 it’s no longer a natural ecosystem. When climate change regulations limited the shepherd’s 72 to work in woodlands, it was part of a continent-wide 73 to fight against deforestation. The effort worked well, with total forest 74 in Italy increasing by 75% since the 1960s. Red deer and other native animals have disappeared. Therefore, the 75 of sheep and goats meant that nothing prevented woody bushes from dominating the land, turning small fires into 76 ones.
Meanwhile, shepherds decided to write letters asking the permission to graze in the woods again. They hoped to carry out a 77 project of rural areas, where Italy’s worst wildfire within 40 years 78 its way from the mountain tops to the sea. They hoped to bring in more shepherds to control the fires and 79 eco-tourism in the area. It makes sense that those most invested in the forests’ 80 would be worthwhile to save them, which goes for both the shepherds and the animals.
66．A．monitoring B．advising C．banning D．introducing
67．A．role B．message C．chance D．break
68．A．decisive B．effective C．proper D．relevant
69．A．ready B．responsible C．hopeful D．suitable
70．A．cutting off B．helping out C．clearing away D．putting down
71．A．clearly B．gradually C．luckily D．actually
72．A．ability B．imagination C．desire D．risk
73．A．wish B．success C．victory D．effort
74．A．growth B．cover C．thickness D．quality
75．A．loss B．arrival C．choice D．disadvantage
76．A．uncomfortable B．unbelievable C．unforgettable D．uncontrollable
77．A．production B．creation C．restoration D．competition
78．A．burned B．picked C．blocked D．forced
79．A．vary B．reduce C．encourage D．spread
80．A．exploration B．location C．health D．survival
【答案】
66．C 67．A 68．B 69．D 70．C 71．D 72．A 73．D 74．B 75．A 76．D 77．C 78．A 79．C 80．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了意大利的牧民在森林防火中发挥着重要的作用。
66．考查动词词义辨析。句意：曾经禁止这种做法的法律正在改变，因为农村社区开始在森林管理中发挥作用。A. monitoring监视；B. advising建议；C. banning禁止；D. introducing介绍。根据上文“Italian shepherds are taking the lead in forest fire prevention, by leading their animals to eat the bush.”可知，曾经禁止在森林里放牧的法律正在发生变化。故选C。
67．考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. role作用，角色；B. message消息；C. chance机会；D. break中断，休息。根据上文“Italian shepherds are taking the lead in forest fire prevention”可知，意大利的牧羊人在森林防火管理中发挥了一定的作用。故选A。
68．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：研究发现，在森林较薄的地区，大型动物以植物为食可以有效降低森林火灾风险。A. decisive决定性的，关键的；B. effective有效的；C. proper合适的；D. relevant相关的。根据上文“Italian shepherds are taking the lead in forest fire prevention, by leading their animals to eat the bush.”可知，大型食草动物能够有效地减少森林火灾的可能性。故选B。
69．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：山羊和绵羊等较小的动物适合在缺乏天敌的地区生存。A. ready准备好的；B. responsible有责任的；C. hopeful有希望的；D. suitable合适的。根据上文“In thinner forested areas”可知，小体型的动物的饮食习惯，使得它们可以清理灌木丛。故选D。
70．考查动词短语辨析。句意：在意大利，小型动物的饮食习惯使它们非常适合清除木质灌木。A. cutting off切断；B. helping out帮助……摆脱困境；C. clearing away收拾，把……清除掉；D. putting down放下，记下。根据“the eating habits of smaller animals”可知，小体型的动物的饮食习惯，使得它们可以清理灌木丛。故选C。
71．考查副词词义辨析。句意：虽然森林看起来很迷人，但实际上它不再是一个自然生态系统。A. clearly清晰地；B. gradually逐渐地；C. luckily幸运地；D. actually事实上。尽管意大利的森林景色迷人，但实际上它的生态系统已经遭到破坏。故选D。
72．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当气候变化法规限制了牧羊人在林地工作的能力时，这是整个大陆对抗森林砍伐努力的一部分。A. ability能力；B. imagination想象力；C. desire欲望，渴望；D. risk风险。根据上文“climate change regulations limited”可知，为了调控气候变化而设置的规定，限制了牧羊人在森林里放牧。故选A。
73．考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. wish愿望；B. success成功；C. victory胜利；D. effort努力。根据下文的“The effort”可知，反对滥砍滥伐现象成了全民奋斗的目标。故选D。
74．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这一努力效果良好，自20世纪60年代以来，意大利的森林覆盖总面积增加了75%。A. growth生长，成长；B. cover封面，覆盖；C. thickness厚度；D. quality质量。根据“with total forest ___9___ in Italy increasing by 75% since the 1960s.”可知，自从二十世纪六十年代开始，意大利的森林覆盖安吉已经增加了75%。故选B。
75．考查名词词义辨析。句意：因此，绵羊和山羊的损失意味着没有什么能阻止木本灌木统治这片土地，把小火变成无法控制的大火。A. loss损失；B. arrival到达；C. choice选择；D. disadvantage缺点。根据下文的“meant that nothing prevented woody bushes from dominating the land,”可知，因为森林本土动物缺失，如果再没有绵羊和山羊，那就无法阻止灌木丛占据整片土地。故选A。
76．考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. uncomfortable不舒服的；B. unbelievable难以置信的；C. unforgettable难忘的；D. uncontrollable无法控制的。根据上文“Therefore, the ___10___ of sheep and goats meant that nothing prevented woody bushes from dominating the land,”可知，因为灌木丛茂盛，可能会诱发无法控制的森林大火。故选D。
77．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们希望开展农村地区的恢复项目，意大利40年来最严重的野火从山顶一直烧到大海。A. production产品；B. creation创新，创作；C. restoration修复；D. competition竞争。根据下文“where Italy’s worst wildfire within 40 years ___13___ its way from the mountain tops to the sea.”可知，因为意大利的野火烧毁了许多森林，这些牧民准备实施一个恢复计划。故选C。
78．考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. burned燃烧，烧毁；B. picked挑选；C. blocked阻塞，阻碍；D. forced强迫。根据下文的“its way from the mountain tops to the sea”可知，野火烧毁了许多森林。故选A。
79．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们希望引进更多的牧羊人来控制火灾，并鼓励该地区的生态旅游。A. vary不同，改变；B. reduce减少；C. encourage鼓励；D. spread传播。根据下文的“eco-tourism in the area”可知，他们也希望能够鼓励该地区的生态旅游。故选C。
80．考查名词词义辨析。句意：那些对森林的生存投入最大的人值得去拯救它们，这对牧羊人和动物都是有意义的。A. exploration探索；B. location位置，定位；C. health健康；D. survival生存。根据全文内容可知，这些有助于森林存在下去的投资是值得的。故选D。
19
