Unit 4 Section Ⅰ
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The dam b________under the weight of water.
2．This flood will be the________(祸根)of the harvest.
3．This would cause great hardship and s________.
4．I hope I didn't i________her feelings.
5．The heavy rain d________all hope of a picnic.
6．You get an electric s________if you touch a live wire.
7．The life boat was sent out to r________the sailors from the sinking ship.
8．They were t________in the burning hotel.
9．Her head was b________in the book she was reading.
10．We________(遮蔽；庇护)under a tree until the shower passed.
答案：
1．burst 译文：那水坝在水的压力下决口了。
2．ruin 译文：这场洪水将是没有收成的祸根。
3．suffering 译文：这将造成极大的艰难困苦。
4．injure 译文：我希望我没有伤害她的感情。
5．destroyed 译文：大雨打破了野餐的一切希望。
6．shock 译文：如果触动电线你会触电的。
7．rescue 译文：救生艇被派出去救沉船的水手。
8．trapped 译文：他们被困在发生火灾的旅馆里。
9．buried 译文：她在埋头读书。
10．sheltered 译文：我们在树下躲雨， 直到雨过天晴。
Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1．It________(shock)me to see how my neighbours treated their children.
2．They were________(trap)in the burning hotel.
3．Two players are out of the team because of________(injure)．
4．We shouldn't waste________(electrical)in our daily life.
5．Death finally brought an end to his________(suffer)．
6．This tie is________(dirt), so I'll take it to the cleaner's.
7．In India there is a________(nation)festival on October 20 to honour Mahandas Gandhi.
8．I think it is dangerous to be a________(mine)．
9．When food goes bad, it becomes ________(smell)．
10．They were ________(extreme) sad at the thought of their missing dog.
11．A big fire broke out and ________(destroy) the forest in this area.
12．It is ________(use) quarreling with him. He won't change his mind.
答案：1.shocked 2.trapped 3.injury 4.electricity
5．suffering 6.dirty 7.national 8.miner 9.smelly
10．extremely 11.destroyed 12.useless
Ⅲ.阅读理解
(2015·山西省大同一中高一期中)
It was time for a school holiday and I was at home. My family's house was located in (位于) an area by the sea.
I just sat down in front of the television. Suddenly I heard a loud noise and then the first shock started to hit. My mom and I ran to the front door. We got out and we were standing in the street holding on to each other to stand up. The ground was covered with snow. I could remember watching black cracks in the earth snaking their way along the ground. A tree in our back yard was actually cut in half.
As suddenly as the earthquake started, it was over. Dead silence. Then a light snow began to fall. All the power was off—no radio, no TV and no communication with the outside world. We found out later that the ground area was lowered an average of 35 feet.
My dad succeeded in getting home from where he worked in the city centre. Later that evening we were told to leave the area because a terrible ocean wave was expected. We spent the night and the next day and night away from home at the shelter.
I often think about the courage my dad showed during that time. Before Dad retired, he was a senior manager of a famous local company. This company was damaged because of the quake. Dad stayed in the company to rebuild the business and rebuild our family home.
文章大意：文章讲的是一个冬天，一个小镇发生了地震，以及地震后的一些情况。
1．In which season did the earthquake take place?
A． Spring. B． Summer.
C． Autumn. D． Winter.
答案：D 推理判断题。根据第二段第五句话“The ground was covered with snow”地面被雪覆盖。可知是冬天，故选D。
2.After the earthquake, the writer's father ________.
A． opened up his own company
B． lived with his family and did a better job
C． helped neighbors build their houses
D． became a famous person in their town
答案：B 细节理解题。根据文章最后一句“Dad stayed in the company to rebuild the business and rebuild our family home.”父亲留在公司重建公司，重建我们的家园。故选B。
3．What would be the best title of the passage?
A． My father B． My mother and I
C． A quake in my town D． Earthquake tips
答案：C 主旨大意题。纵观全文章讲的是一个冬天，一个小镇发生了地震，以及地震后的一些情况。所以C项是文章主题。
Ⅳ.完形填空
I'll never forget May 12 , 2008. We were having classes at Beichuan Middle School, Sichuan Province, when a huge__1__hit the area.
At about 2：28 p．m., our__2__， Mr Wang, was teaching us singing on the fourth floor of the Teaching Building. __3__we felt the building shaking violently. It was an earthquake! Our building starting to__4__. It was too late to rush out to the__5__. We were told to hide under the desks.__6__later, the whole building fell down. We were__7__and couldn't move a little at all. No one could really imagine at that split second, how much pain we had__8__or how desperate(绝望)we felt as we waited to be__9__. I heard Mr Wang calling our names again and again...
Hours later, some people came to rescue and__10__of us were saved luckily.
Later, I__11__this huge earthquake scaled 8.0 magnitude. It hit several provinces including Sichuan, Gansu and Shanxi. So far it has__12__more than 80,000 and injured 360,000. My hometown—Beichuan was__13__the worst-hit areas. Our school, which was__14__filled with vigor(活力)and laughter, was a dead valley.
World after such a__15__could appear nothing but empty and pointless. So many people's lives were taken away, so much __16__was done and the whole city was__17__. Beichuan has become a history.
Now, some of my classmates and I were__18__to study in a middle school in Jiangsu Province. I still__19__dreaming and still strive for a better future: to make our homes beautiful yet__20__.
May victims rest in peace. May survivors live to be stronger.
文章大意：5·12大地震已经远去，让我们借此日记重新走进那一个悲惨的日子。
1．A．rain B．earthquake
C．snow D．rock
答案：B 由3空后的“It was an earthquake！”可知，是“地震”。
2．A．classmate B．parent
C．friend D．teacher
答案：D 由该空后的“was teaching us singing”可知，是我们“老师”。
3．A．Finally B．Luckily
C．Suddenly D．Actually
答案：C 我们正在学歌“突然”感到大楼在剧烈地摇晃。suddenly“突然地”。
4．A．fall B．stand
C．run D．walk
答案：A 我们的大楼要“倒塌”。fall“跌倒”。6空有fell down提示。
5．A．home B．desks
C．classroom D．outdoors
答案：D 冲到“外面”去已经来不及了。outdoors“在户外，在露天，往户外”。
6．A．Minutes B．Weeks
C．Hours D．Days
答案：A 由常识知，“几分钟后”我们的大楼倒塌了。
7．A．trapped B．stayed
C．played D．packed
答案：A 我们被“困”住了，动弹不得。be trapped“被困住”。
8．A．lived B．suffered
C．enjoyed D．escaped
答案：B 没有人能想像在我们等待“救援”的那一刻我们“遭受”了怎样的痛苦，我们是多么的绝望。suffer“遭受，经历”。
9．A．ignored B．recovered
C．rescued D．remembered
答案：C rescue“救援”；ignore“忽视，不理睬”；recover“恢复，康复”；remember“记忆”。
10．A．all B．some
C．none D．each
答案：B 由常识知，“一些人”被救了出来。
11．A．found out B．added up
C．came up D．set down
答案：A 后来我“查明”这次地震的震级是里氏八级。find out“找出，发现，查明”；add up“加起来”；come up“出现”；set down“记下”。
12．A．devoted B．helped
C．killed D．concerned
答案：C 这次地震使八万多人失去了生命。kill“杀死”。
13．A．outside B．with
C．between D．among
答案：D 我的家乡北川是受灾最厉害的地区之一。among“在……之中，在……中间”。
14．A．now B．once
C．then D．never
答案：B 我们学校“曾经”充满活力和笑声，现在成了死亡之地。once“曾经”。
15．A．attitude B．trouble
C．disaster D．experience
答案：C “灾难”过后，世界好像空洞洞的没有意义。disaster“灾难”；attitude“态度”；trouble“困难”；experience“经历”。
16．A．life B．damage
C．hurt D．item
答案：B 很多人的生命被剥夺了，造成了巨大的“伤害”，整座城市成为了“废墟”。do damage“造成伤害”。
17．A．in ruins B．dug out
C．as usual D．set up
答案：A in ruins“成为废墟”；dig out“发掘到，发现，找出”；as usual“照例，像往常一样”； set up“建立，创立”。
18．A．judged B．persuaded
C．joined D．organized
答案：D 我们一些同学被“组织”到了江苏省的一所中学学习。organize“组织，安排”。
19．A．keep on B．give in
C．care about D．go through
答案：A 我“不停地”梦想有个美好的未来。keep on“继续不断，保持”；give in“屈服，让步”；care about“关心，惦念”；go through“经历，经受”。
20．A．peaceful B．safe
C．grateful D．active
答案：B 把我们的家乡建设得美丽“安全”。safe“安全的”，与此次发生了地震不安全对应。peaceful“和平的，安静的”；grateful“感激的，感恩的”；active“积极的”。
Ⅴ.语法填空
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Phyllis Rawlins' house was destroyed after a tornado(龙卷风) swept through her town of Kokomo, Ind., on Sunday. Last summer, she lost __1__ husband of over 40 years, Edgar. In the tornado's rubble(瓦砾), Rawlins searched __2__ Edgar's wedding ring. “Digging and praying. Digging and praying，” she told local station Fox 59.
“It was everything to me, because that's one thing that I had，” she said.
Rawlins had been visiting family in Kentucky __3__ the storm came through. She returned to find her home __4__(complete) in pieces. “This was the house that love built，” she told WTHR.
Without her husband __5__ her house, she was determined to find the ring. But locating it among the piles of rubble seemed to be __6__(hope).
Somehow, her brother __7__(spot) something under a piece of the roof and called her over. The ring, __8__(bury) in the rubble, had turned up.
“It was a miracle，” Rawlins said. “We both just hugged each other, crying. That was__9__I had searched and searched for，”
When all was lost，__10__ special ring he left was finally found.
“I'm very strong with my faith, and I know that God is in control of everything, the good and the bad，” Rawlins said.
1．______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______
6．______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______
答案：1. her 2. for 3. when 4. completely 5. or
6. hopeless 7. spotted 8. buried 9.what 10. the
课件75张PPT。成才之路 · 英语路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索人教版 · 必修1EarthquakesUnit 4Section Ⅰ Warming up, Pre-reading, Reading & ComprehendingUnit 4Ⅰ.单词速记
1．__________(vi.)爆裂；爆发
(n.)突然破裂；爆发
2．__________(n.)事件；大事
3．__________(n.)废墟；毁灭
(vt.)毁灭；使破产
4．__________(vt.)破坏；毁坏；消灭
5．__________(vt.& vi.)(使)震惊；震动
(n.)休克；打击；震惊
6．__________(n. & vt.)援救；营救burst
event
ruin
destroy
shock
rescue7．__________(vt.)使陷入困境；
(n.)陷阱；困境
8．__________(vt.)埋葬；掩埋；隐藏
9．__________(n.)掩蔽；掩蔽处
10．dirt(n.)污垢；泥土
→__________(adj.)脏的；弄脏的；卑鄙的
11．suffering(n.)苦难；痛苦
→__________(v.)经历；遭受；患病
12．extreme(adj.)极度的
→__________(adv.)极其；非常trap
bury
shelter
dirty
suffer
extremely13．injure(vt.)损害；伤害
→__________(n.)伤害；损害
→__________(adj.)受伤的
14．survivor(n.)幸存者；生还者；残存物
→__________(v.)幸存，生还
→__________(n.)幸存；继续生存
15．electricity(n.)电；电流；电学
→__________(adj.)用电的；带电的
→__________(adj.)与电有关的；电学的injury
injured
survive
survival
electric
eletricalⅡ.短语互译
1．立刻；马上 ____________________
2．仿佛；好像 ____________________
3．结束；终结 ____________________
4．in ruins ____________________
5．dig out ____________________
6．a (great) number of ____________________right away
as if
at an end
严重受损；破败不堪
掘出；发现
许多；大量的
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．老鼠从地里跑出来找地方躲藏。
Mice ran out of the fields ____________________.(现在分词短语作伴随状语)
2．仿佛到了世界末日！
It seemed __________________！(as if引导的状语从句)
3．人们无论朝哪里看，哪里的一切都几乎被毁了。
____________________nearly everything was destroyed. (everywhere引导的状语从句)
4．并没有丧失所有的希望。
____________________.(all...not部分否定)
答案：1.looking for places to hide 2.as if the world was at an end 3.Everywhere they looked 4.All hope was not lost
Ⅳ.课文理解
1．Read the passage and complete the main idea of each part.
Part 1 (Para. 1)
Before the quakes—________ happened.
Part 2 (Paras. 2,3)
During the quakes—________ were caused.
Part 3 (Para. 4)
After the quakes—________ was carried out.
2．Choose the best answers according to the passage.
(1) What does the title “A night the earth didn't sleep” mean?
A．The whole earth didn't sleep that night.
B．A terrible earthquake hit Tangshan that night.
C．The earthquake happened here and there.
D．The whole nation didn't sleep because of the earthquake.(2)Who played the most important part in helping the people in the earthquake?
A．The soldiers and the rescue workers.
B．The college students.
C．The miners in the coal mines.
D．The injured local government officers.
(3)We can infer from the text that ________.
A．the whole city was at an end
B．the army's coming brought hope to the city
C．people lost hope faced with the terrible earthquake
D．the signs before the earthquake weren't obvious at all
(4)Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?
A．People were all hopeless after the earthquake.
B．Only small cracks appeared in the well walls.
C．The big quake was felt all over the country.
D．Another big quake shook Tangshan later that afternoon.
答案：1.Strange things; Damage and loss; Rescue work
2．(1)－(4) BABDThe people of Tangshan didn't lose hope, because 150,000 soldiers were sent to help the rescue workers. The soldiers tried their best to dig __7__ those __8__ were trapped. They also built shelters for the survivors. Fresh water was taken to the city by every means. Slowly, the city began to come back to life.
It was said that before the quake, strange things were happening in the countryside. The water in the village wells __9__(rise) and fell. Fish jumped out of the ponds. Strange noises were heard in the sky，but people thought little of __10__.
答案：1.injured 2.instead 3.shocked 4.off 5.destroyed
6．at 7.out 8.who 9.rose 10.them1．burst
(1)vi.爆裂；爆发
①In the city, the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst.
在市内，有些建筑物里的水管爆裂开了。
②They all burst out laughing at the expression on her face.
看到她脸上的表情，他们都大笑起来。
(2)v.猛冲；突然出现
He burst into the room without knocking.
他没敲门就闯进了房间。
(3)n. [C]突然破裂，爆发
①The sudden burst of the tyre caused the car to roll over.
轮胎突然爆裂导致翻车。
②He gave a burst of laughter.
他突然大笑起来。活学活用
用正确的介词填空
①He couldn't help bursting ________ tears when he heard the bad news.
②We all thought his heart would burst________ happiness.
③One minute she burst ________tears，and the next she burst ________laughing. We just couldn't catch her mood at any moment.
答案：①into ②with ③into; out
2．ruin
(1)n.废墟；毁灭
①In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in_ruins.
在可怕的15秒钟内，一座大城市就被掩埋在了一片废墟之中。
②An earthquake left the whole town in_ruins in Yiliang.
一场地震使彝良到处是断壁残垣。
(2)vt.毁灭；使破产
The rain ruined our holiday.
这场雨把我们的假期毁了。
归纳拓展
(1)be/lie in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪
fall/come into ruin 衰败；败落
bring sth. to ruin使某物毁灭
bring sb. to ruin使某人破产
(2)ruin oneself自我毁灭
ruin one's hopes使某人的希望破灭
活学活用
完成句子
①His father has made the farm ________________(败落)．
②Drugs ________________________(毁掉了他的前程)．
③Years of fighting left the city _____________(破败不堪)．
语法单句填空
④With time going on, the castle which once was very beautiful is now completely________ ruins.
答案：①fall/come into ruin ②ruined his future ③in ruins
④in
3．extreme adj.极度的
The suffering of the people was extreme.
人们遭受的灾难极为深重。
归纳拓展
extremely adv.极端地，极为，非常
It was an extremely difficult and dangerous task.
这是一项极度困难和危险的任务。
活学活用
完成句子
①The heat in the desert ______________.
沙漠中极其炎热。
②The book is ______________.
这本书非常受欢迎。
答案：①is extreme ②extremely popular
4．injure vt.损害；伤害
①Two-thirds of them died or were injured during the earthquake.
他们之中三分之二的人在地震中死去或受伤。
②People have been seriously injured in a traffic accident.
在一次交通事故中，有人严重受伤。
归纳拓展
(1)injury n．伤，伤害
do an injury to sb.＝do sb. an injury 伤害某人
(2)injured adj.受伤的；受委屈的
the injured 伤员易混辨析活学活用
选词填空(injure/harm/wound/hurt)
①I don't believe those fairy tales will ________ our students.
②That'll ________ her feeling.
③The bullet ________ him in the shoulder.
④Tom ________ his leg in a skating accident.
⑤Five passengers were ________ in the traffic accident and they have all been taken to the nearest hospital.
答案：①harm ②hurt ③wounded ④injured ⑤injured5．shock
(1)vt. & vi.(使)震惊；震动
①People were shocked.人们震惊了。
②People were shocked at the news that 39 people died in the ship accident in Hong Kong.
人们对在香港撞船事故中39人死亡的消息感到震惊。
(2)n.休克；打击；震惊
The news of his death was a shock to us.
他去世的消息令我们震惊。
归纳拓展
(1)be a shock to... 使……吃惊
(2)shocked adj.震惊的；惊讶的
shocking adj.令人震惊的
be shocked at/by 对……吃惊
be shocked to do sth. 做某事很吃惊
易混辨析名师点津
情感动词的两种形容词形式
表示情感的动词，如shock, surprise, frighten, amuse, interest, excite, tire等的形容词有-ed和-ing两种形式。-ed形式表示“感到……的”，常用来修饰人；-ing形式表示“令人感到……的”，常用来修饰物。
The end of the film is so shocking that everyone was very much shocked at it.
这个影片的结局令人如此震惊，以至于每个人都感到惊讶。
活学活用
用shock的适当形式填空。
①We are ________ to learn that a traffic police officer was nearly killed by a drunken driver. And the ________ scene ________ three taxi drivers nearby, who saved the officer bravely.
语法填空
②Judging from his ________(shock) look, Mike was entirely unprepared for the ________(frighten) news.
答案：①shocked; shocking; shocked
②shocked; frightening 考查形容词辨析。句意：从他吃惊的表情来看，迈克对这个令人恐惧的消息完全没有准备。shocked adj.震惊的，惊讶的；shocking adj.令人震惊的；frightened adj.害怕的，受惊的；frightening adj.令人恐惧的。6．rescue
(1)n.援救；营救
①Some of the rescue workers and doctors were trapped under the ruins.
有些救援人员和医生被困在废墟下面。
②His father came to his rescue and lent him the money.
他的父亲借钱给他，从而救了他。
(2)vt.援救；营救
She died when trying to rescue her children from the fire.
她在试图从大火中救出自己的孩子时身亡。归纳拓展
come to sb.'s rescue＝rescue sb. 援救某人
rescue sb./sth. from...把某人/物从……营救出来
活学活用
语法单句填空
①He rescued the boy ________ the river.
②His father came ________ his rescue when his company was closing down.
答案：①from ②to7．trap
(1)vt.使陷入困境
①Twenty miners were trapped underground.
20名矿工被困在地下。
②Having been trapped in traffic, he was late for work.
因为遇到交通阻塞，他上班迟到了。
(2)n.陷阱；困境
She led him into a trap.
她引诱他中了圈套。归纳拓展
(1)trap sb. into(doing) sth.诱使某人(做)某事
be trapped in困在……中；陷在……中
(2)set traps to do sth. 设置陷阱做某事
巧学助记活学活用
完成句子
①The guests________the big fire, and we must________ them ________it.
客人们被大火所困，我们必须马上把他们救出来。
语法单句填空
②The police ________(trap) the thief into a situation where he could not escape.
答案：①were trapped in; rescue; from
②trapped 句意：小偷被警察困住了，无法逃脱。trap使陷入困境；trap sb. into...使某人陷入……。
8．bury vt. 埋葬；掩埋；隐藏
We needed to bury the dead bodies as quickly as possible to stop disease spreading.
我们需要尽快将尸体埋葬，以防止疾病扩散。巧学助记
一词多义的“bury”
活学活用
完成句子
①In the evenings he ______________ his books.
他每天晚上都专心读书。
②Their house ______________________a heavy snow.
他们的房子被大雪掩埋了。
③______________，he didn't notice me enter the room.
专心于读书，他没注意到我进入房间。
语法单句填空
④Mr. Richard hasn't got any time to play golf these days, because he ________ (bury)in the research of bird language.
答案：①buries himself in/is buried in ②was buried by
③Buried in his book/Because he was buried in his book
④is buried 句意：这些天理查德先生没有时间打高尔夫球，因为他专心于鸟类语言的研究。be buried in专心于。9．at an end结束；终结
The long hot summer was at last at an end.
漫长的酷暑终于过去了。
归纳拓展
(1)bring sth. to an end (使)结束；终结
put an end to (使)结束；终结
come to an end 结束
make ends meet 使收支相抵
(2)at the end of... 在……末端
by the end of... 到……为止(用于完成时)
in the end 最后；终于
①That job came to an end last month.
那项工作上个月完成了。
②By the end of this week, I will have finished most of the work.
到本周末为止，我将会完成大部分工作。
活学活用
用end的短语填空
①The meeting ______________ at midnight.
②Everything will be all right ______________.
③We must ________ these endless arguments.
④The meeting was nearly ________ when I got to the meeting room.
⑤Since Mike lost his job, he can hardly __________.
⑥He's going to relax with friends once the exams are ________.
答案：①came to an end ②in the end ③put an end to
④at an end ⑤make ends meet ⑥at an end
10．dig out掘出；发现
①The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.
解放军组成小分队，将受困的人们挖出来，将死者掩埋。
②We had to dig the car out of a snow drift.
我们必须把汽车从雪堆里挖出来。
③The truth was dug out.
真相被发现了。
活学活用
完成句子
①They __________________________ the ground.
他们从地里挖出了马铃薯。
②He was buried by an avalanche(雪崩) and had to ________.
他遇到雪崩被埋住了，得把他挖出来。
答案：①dug the potatoes out of ②be dug out11．a(great) number of许多；大量的
Such a great number of people died because the quake happened while they were sleeping.
由于地震发生时人们正在睡觉，所以很多人都死去了。
易混辨析
①A large number of people have applied for the job.
很多人申请了这份工作。
②The number of cars on the expressway is rising because of free passage during holidays.
由于节假日免费通行，高速路上轿车的数量在增加。
活学活用
语法单句填空
①A number of students ______(be) invited to the party, but the number of the students present ________(be) twenty.
②As you can see, the number of cars on our roads ______ (keep) rising these days.
答案：①have been; is 考查主谓一致。句意：很多学生被邀请参加晚会，但是到场的学生的数量是二十人。a number of“许多，大量的”，作主语时谓语动词要用复数；the number of“……的数量”，作主语时谓语动词为单数。
②keeps 考查主谓一致。句意：正如你所见，目前道路上汽车的数量在不断增加。the number of作主语时，谓语动词用单数；再根据时间状语these days可知描述的是现在的情况，所以用一般现在时。12．It seemed as if the world was at an end!
仿佛到了世界末日！
句式分析
(1)as if＝as though“似乎，好像”，可用来引导表语从句和状语从句。
(2)当说话者认为句子所述的是真实的、极有可能发生或存在的事实时，as if从句要用陈述语气。例如：
It looks as if it is going to snow.
看来要下雪。(3)当说话人认为句子所述的是不真实的、极少有可能发生或存在的情况时，从句要用虚拟语气。
a．如果从句表示与现实事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时。
b．从句表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用“had＋过去分词”。
c．从句表示与将来事实相反，谓语动词用“would/could/might＋动词原形”。例如：
①The woman loves the children as if she were their mother.
这位女士爱这些孩子，好像她就是他们的妈妈一样。(与现在事实相反)
②He talks about Rome as if he had been there before.
他说起罗马来好像他以前去过那里似的。(与过去事实相反)
③He opened his mouth as if he would say something.
他张开嘴好像要说什么。(与将来事实相反)
活学活用
语法单句填空
①(2012·北京高考改编) Don't handle the vase as if it ______ (be) made of steel.
②(2014·重庆，13改编)It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I________(do) it?
答案：①were 考查虚拟语气。句意：不要把那个花瓶当成是钢铁做的那样处理。as if引导的是状语从句，从句中用虚拟语气。与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，应用一般过去时。在虚拟语气中，常用were代替was。
②had done
13．All hope was not lost.
并没有丧失所有的希望。
句式分析
(1)该句为不完全否定。all...not/not...all等表示部分否定，其意思是“并非所有的”。
(2)all, both, each, every, everyone, everybody, everything, always, whole, entirely, altogether等具有总括意义的词语与否定词连用，构成部分否定。
①All that glitters is not gold.
＝Not all that glitters is gold.
闪闪发光的未必都是金子。
②I don't want both the books.
我不是两本书都要。
③ Not every book is educative.
＝Every book is not educative.
不是每本书都有教育意义。
活学活用
语法单句填空
I agree with most of what you said, but I don't agree with ________.
答案：everything 考查代词辨析。句意：你说的绝大部分我都同意，但我并不是一切都同意。只有everything与not连用才能构成部分否定。Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．His rude manners s________ everyone.
2．A great many houses were d________ in the earthquake and many people became homeless.
3．The hurricane left the whole city in r________.
4．He was t________ in a no-win situation.
5．She b________ out laughing at the joke.
6．Many men were ________(埋葬) underground when the accident at the mine happened.7．It is an area where natural ________(灾难) often happen.
8．The firemen ________(援救) the boy from the burning house.
9．They began to recover slowly from their nightmare of pain and ________(苦难)．
10．One Thursday afternoon he got seriously ________(伤害) in an accident.
答案：1.shocked 2.destroyed 3.ruins 4.trapped 5.burst 6.buried 7.disasters 8.rescued 9.suffering 10．injured
Ⅱ.选择适当的短语填空
right away， burst out， as if， a great number of， in ruins，dig out，be buried in， at an end
1．When I told her the news she ________ crying.
2．At present, the once beautiful town is ________.
3．We should ________ weeds before sowing seeds.
4．He is ill; you should call in the doctor ________.
5．Seeing the picture, he ________ thoughts.
6．He behaves ________ he had no common sense.
7．__________ birds fly to the south in winter.
8．The voyage was finally ________.
答案：1.burst out 2.in ruins 3.dig out 4.right away 5.was buried in 6.as if 7.A great number of 8.at an endⅢ.语法单句填空
1．The stranger shook me by the hand warmly as if he ________(be) to say he knew me well.
答案：were 句意：这个陌生人和我热情地握手，好像要说他和我很熟。as if从句可用虚拟语气。
2．________(bury) in heavy school work, many high school students are told to lock themselves in their studies.
答案：Buried 考查非谓语动词。句意：埋头于沉重的学业，很多高中生被告知要把自己锁在书房里。be buried in埋头于，专心于。作状语时常省略be动词。3．(2014·天津，4改编)________ you start eating in a healthier way, weight control will become much easier.
答案：Once
4．When the boss got to the factory ________ midnight, he found it ________ ruins.
答案：at; in 考查介词。句意：当老板在午夜到达工厂时，他发现工厂已经成了废墟。at midnight在午夜；in ruins成为废墟。5．He found his son ________ (trap) inside the lift, ________(feel) very worried.
答案：trapped; feeling 考查非谓语动词。句意：他发现他的儿子被困在电梯里，感到非常担忧。his son和trap之间是动宾关系，应用被动语态。he和feel之间是主谓关系，所以用现在分词作伴随状语。
6．The women ________(injure) in the accident should be given first aid.
答案：injured injured受伤的。句意：在车祸中受伤的妇女应该予以急救。
7．On hearing the news that her son had won the game, she burst________ laughter.
答案：into 考查动词短语辨析。句意：听到她儿子赢得比赛的消息，她突然大笑起来。burst out laughing/burst into laughter突然大笑起来。
8．The war was finally ________an end.
答案：at 考查介词短语辨析。句意：战争终于结束了。at an end结束，终结。
9．(2014·湖南，31改编)I am looking forward to the day ________my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.
答案：when
10．Some people were dug________ from the fallen building after the earthquake, which excited many people.
答案：out 句意：地震后一些人从倒塌的建筑物中被挖出来，这让很多人感到激动。dig out挖掘，发现；Unit 4 Section Ⅱ
Ⅰ.用适当的关系代词填空
1．The building________wall is white is my uncle's house.
2．I know the boy________you are looking for.
3．Will you please lend me the very book________you bought yesterday?
4．The student________the teacher praised at the class meeting is our monitor.
5．The season________comes after spring is summer.
6．This is the museum________we visited last Saturday.
7．Is this the museum________you visited last Saturday?
8．I found some photos of interesting places________were not far away from our city.
9．The boy with________John spoke is my brother.
10．The girl________leg was broken in the earthquake was taken to hospital.
答案：1.whose 2.who/that/whom 3.that
4．who/whom/that 5.which/that 6.that/which
7．that/which 8.which/that 9.whom 10.whose
Ⅱ.下列复合句中均含有一个定语从句，但有一处错误，请予改正。
1．Tom's mother kept telling him stories he was interested in them.
________________________________________________________________________
2．Tom's mother kept telling him stories and which he was interested in.
________________________________________________________________________
3．Do you know the professor he often gives us lectures?
________________________________________________________________________
4．Did you see the professor his name is Chen Jia?
________________________________________________________________________
答案：1.应去掉句末的them 2.去掉and或去掉which，在in后加them 3.he改为who 4.his改为whose
Ⅲ.语法单句填空
1．There is an old man ________wants to see you at the school gate.
答案：who/that 考查定语从句。先行词为人且关系代词在从句中作主语，故用who/that作引导词。
2．Mr. John said that Suzhou was the first city ________ he had visited in China.
答案：that 考查关系代词。city与visit之间是动宾关系。又因为有序数词the first修饰city，故用that引导。
3．This is one of the best films that________(show) this year.
答案：have been shown 句意：这是今年放映的最佳影片之一。films为先行词，且被放映。
4．He talked a lot about things and persons ________ he remembered in the school.
答案：that 句意：他谈到了他所记起的学校的许多人和事。先行词为things and persons，只能用that。
5．The careless driver knocked down the old man ________ was crossing the road.
答案：who/that 考查定语从句。句意：粗心的司机撞倒了正在过马路的老人。先行词是the old man，关系代词who/that在定语从句中作主语。
6．(2015·四川高考改编)The books on the desk, ________ covers are shiny，are prizes for us.
答案：whose 考查定语从句。句意：桌子上的书是我们的奖品，它们的封面是闪亮的。由句意和句子结构可知填whose。
Ⅳ.阅读理解
Everybody hates rats. But in the earthquake capitals of the world—Japan, Los Angeles, Turkey—rats will soon be man's new best friends.
What happens after an earthquake? We send in rescue dogs. Why? Because they can smell people. Dogs save lives. They help rescuers to find living people. But dogs are big and they can't get into small spaces. So now a new research project is using a smaller animal to save lives: the rat.
How does it work? First, the rat is trained to smell people. When this happens, the rat's brain gives a signal (信号). This is sent to a small radio on its back，and then the rescuers follow the radio signals. When the rat's brain activity jumps, the rescuers know that someone is alive. The rat has smelled that person.
Although there are already robots which can do this job, rats are better. Christian Linter at Cornell University—New York says, “Robots' noses don't work well when there are other smells around. Rats are good at that.” Rats can also see in the dark. They are cheaper and quicker to train than dogs, and unlike robots, they don't need electricity!
The “rat project” is not finished, but Julie Ryan of International Rescue Corps in Scotland says, “It would be wonderful. A rat could get into spaces we couldn't get to and a rat would get out if it wasn't safe.” Perhaps for the first time in history，people will be happy to see a rat in a building(but only after an earthquake, of course)．
文章大意：地震过后的搜救工作往往会遇到很多问题，幸存者在哪儿？怎样判断残垣断壁下是否还有生命的存在？我们知道有生命探测仪，有搜救犬，你听说过搜救鼠吗？令人厌恶的老鼠在探测生命迹象的时候却具有更多的优势，本文意在介绍搜救鼠独特的优势。
1．In the world earthquake capitals, rats will become man's best friends because they can ________.
A．take the place of man's rescue jobs
B．find the position of people alive who are trapped in buildings
C．serve as food for people alive who are trapped in buildings
D．get into small spaces
答案：B 推理判断题。根据第二段最后两句But dogs are big and they can't get into small spaces. So now a new research project is using a smaller animal to save lives: the rat.可知，地震救援中，让老鼠钻入狭小空间中去探测幸存者的位置。
2.From the third paragraph we know the rescuers can judge a person is alive by ________.
A．the noise made by the rat
B．the rat's unusual behavior
C．the signal sent by the radio on the rat's back
D．the smell given off by the person
答案：C 推理判断题。根据第三段中This is sent to a small radio on its back，and then the rescuers follow the radio signals. When the rat's brain activity jumps, the rescuers know that someone is alive. The rat has smelled that person.可知。
3．In doing rescue jobs, ________.
A．rats smell better than dogs
B．dogs don't need to be trained to smell people
C．robots' sense of smell can be affected by other smells around
D．rats can see in the dark and smaller than robots
答案：C 细节理解题。根据第四段中．..Robots' noses don't work well when there are other smells around. Rats are good at that.可知，当周围有别的气味的时候，机器人的嗅觉就失效了。
4．Rats have all the following advantages(优点) EXCEPT that ________.
A．they are more wonderful than other animals
B．they are less expensive to train than dogs
C．they don't need electricity
D．they are small and can get into small places
答案：A 细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句But dogs are big and they can't get into small spaces. So now a new research project is using a smaller animal to save lives: the rat.可知D项为其优点，不符合题意。根据第四段最后一句They are cheaper and quicker to train than dogs, and unlike robots, they don't need electricity！可知B、C两项为其优点，不符合题意。文章最后一段提到将老鼠用于救援这个想法太奇妙了，并不是说老鼠比其他动物奇妙，故A项符合题意。
5．According to the passage, the “rat project” means to ________.
A．use the dog to save lives after an earthquake
B．use the rat to save lives after an earthquake
C．use the rat to feel the coming earthquake
D．use the robot to save lives after an earthquake
答案：B 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句和第五段内容便知B项为正确选项。
Ⅴ.七选五
(2014·河南省郑州市第一次质检)
__1__
Safety in the highway is not totally out of our hands. Here are four ways we can protect ourselves when we travel.
__2__ People in small cars are injured more often and more severely than people traveling in large cars. Factories of small cars are strengthening their products' safety, which helps. But the mix of large cars and small cars on the road is the main reason of the problem.
Being thrown into glass and metal car parts, or being thrown from the car can really hurt or even kill you. __3__ The safety belt's main purpose is to pull you back if your car has a sudden crash with another vehicle or object, or if it rolls over. A belt can reduce the chance of deadly injury by 45% and the chance of serious injury by 50%.
Air bags are important. More than half of all new cars sold have air bags. Air bags provide protection in frontal crashes—the type of crash that kills the most drivers—when they are also wearing safety belts. Most people are demanding air bags in the cars they buy.__4__ Effective as they are, they can't take the place of safety belts.
Drunk driving crashes are less likely to happen if you don't drink.__5__ Many people have realized that drunk driving can lead to death and injury, prison time and other results. There are movements to strengthen penalties (处罚)for drinking and driving.
A．How to drive safely.
B．You are safer in a large car.
C．How to protect ourselves in the highway?
D．Air bags are not installed in all cars.
E．That's why safety belts should be worn.
F．Drunk driving is the most serious problem.
G．But the protection provided by air bags is limited inside or rear crashes.
答案：1～5 CBEGF
Ⅵ.短文改错
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
(2014·哈师大附中高一上学期期中)
Dear Li Hua，
I'm very glad to hear from you. I know you have difficulty remember English words. As for it, my suggestions are as follows. Firstly, you should read aloud as often as possible, for they can develop your sense of language. Secondly, you must read more. Reading can certain enlarge your vocabulary and you can easily find plenty of reading materials that interests you. Thirdly, whenever you will meet a new word, it isn't enough write it down. The more you repeat it, the well you'll remember it. Finally, you must put your vocabulary into practice, like writing English letter to me. Only with this way can you use the language freely.
I hope the above advice can be of much helpful to you.
Best wishes!
Yours，
David
答案：
Dear Li Hua，
I'm very glad to hear from you. I know you have difficulty English words. As for it, my suggestions are as follows. Firstly, you should read aloud as often as possible, for can develop your sense of language. Secondly, you must read more. Reading can enlarge your vocabulary and you can easily find plenty of reading materials that you. Thirdly, whenever you will meet a new word, it isn't enough write it down. The more you repeat it, the you'll remember it. Finally, you must put your vocabulary into practice, like writing English to me. Only this way can you use the language freely.
I hope the above advice can be of much to you.
Best wishes!
Yours，
David
课件31张PPT。成才之路 · 英语路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索人教版 · 必修1EarthquakesUnit 4Section Ⅱ Learning about LanguageUnit 4观察下列句子，写出黑体词(关系代词)所指代的词及在定语从句中所作的成分
①A huge crack that was eight kilometers long and thirty meters wide cut across houses, roads and canals.
(指代____________，作____________)
②Then later that afternoon, another big quake which was almost as strong as the first one shook Tangshan.
(指代____________，作____________)
③I don't know the girl whom you talked to just now.
(指代____________，作____________)④The number of people who were killed or injured reached more than 400,000.
(指代____________，作____________)
⑤Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.
(指代____________，作____________)
答案：①crack；主语 ②quake；主语 ③the girl；宾语
④people；主语 ⑤survivors；定语一、基础点拨
1．定义及分类。 This is the film which/that created a great sensation. (which/ that在定语从句中作主语)
这就是那部引起很大轰动的电影。
The book (which/that) they sent me is very good. (which/that在定语从句中作宾语)
他们寄给我的书非常好。
The man who/that stole your car has been arrested. (who/that在定语从句中作主语)
偷你汽车的人已经被捕获了。
The man (whom/that) I saw told me to come here.(whom/that在定语从句中作宾语)
我见到的那个人让我到这里来。
Please pass me the dictionary whose cover is black. (whose在定语从句中作定语)
请把黑色封面的字典递给我。
名师点津
(1)关系代词that可指人，可与关系词which/who/whom互换，但是不可直接放在介词的后面作宾语。
(2)作宾语或表语时who与whom可互换，若紧跟在介词后面则使用whom；whom在从句中不作主语。
(3)关系代词作宾语时可省略(与介词连用时除外)。
(4)关系代词在从句中作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于先行词。
(5)如果whose所修饰的是无生命的名词，常可用“the＋名词＋of＋which(指物)”或“of＋which＋the＋名词”代替“whose＋名词”。
This is the office in which I used to work.
这就是我过去工作过的办公室。
This is the building whose windows(the windows of which/of which the windows) were all painted green.
这就是窗户都被漆成绿色的那幢楼。二、难点突破
关系词只用that，而不用which或who的情况：
1．当先行词为all, everything, nothing, anything, little, much等不定代词或先行词被这些词修饰时。
All that can be done has been done.
一切能做的都已经做了。
2．当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。
This is the most beautiful park that I have visited.
这是我游览过的最漂亮的公园。
3．当先行词被the only，the very, the last修饰时。
Chatting was the only thing that interested her.
聊天是她唯一感兴趣的事。
4．当先行词既指人，又指物时。
She took photographs of the things and people that she was interested in.
她把她感兴趣的人和物都拍摄了下来。
5．当主语是以who或which开头的疑问句时，为避免重复而用that。
Who is the person that is standing at the gate?
站在门口的那个人是谁？
6．当先行词在定语从句中作表语时。
Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be.
上海已不是过去那个样子了。
名师点津
如何选用关系代词？
第一步：找准先行词，初步确定所用关系词。
第二步：正确分析先行词与定语从句中谓语动词的关系，从而验证所选关系词的正确性。如果发现先行词在从句中作状语，就应选用关系副词。
第三步：验证定语从句中的主谓一致性。关系代词作定语从句的主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要与先行词保持一致。例如：
He is the only one of the students who knows English.
(先行词是the only one, 后面定语从句谓语用knows)他是唯一懂英语的学生。
He is one of the students who know English.
(先行词是the students, 后面定语从句谓语用know)他是懂英语的学生之一。Ⅰ.语法单句填空
1．John is the boy ________ legs were badly injured in the accident.
答案：whose 考查定语从句。句意：那个在车祸中腿严重受伤的男孩是约翰。先行词the boy和legs是所属关系。whose在从句作legs的定语。
2．You might search on the Internet for comments or news stories about this school ________ may interest you.
答案：that/which 考查定语从句。句意：你可以在网上搜寻你感兴趣的关于这所学校的评论和新闻报道。分析从句成分可知关系代词在从句中作主语。3．The most interesting book ________ I want to read is Howl's moving castle.
答案：that 考查定语从句。句意：我想读的最有趣的书是《哈尔的移动城堡》。先行词book被形容词的最高级修饰，应用关系代词that，而不用which。
4．The engineer ________ my father works with is about 50 years old.
答案：whom/who 考查定语从句。句意：和我父亲一起工作的那个工程师大约50岁了。分析从句成分可知，从句中缺少with的宾语，先行词为the engineer。5．Do you still remember the chicken farm ________ we visited three months ago?
答案：that/which 考查定语从句。句意：你还记得我们三个月前参观过的养鸡场吗？先行词为the chicken farm，从句中visit缺宾语，故应用关系代词。
6．Effective measures ________ will prevent the spread of the new disease should be taken in time.
答案：that/which 考查定语从句。句意：应该及时采取有效的措施来阻止这种新疾病的蔓延。先行词为effective measures，从句中缺主语。7．They talked about their classmates and things ________ they still remembered in middle school.
答案：that 考查定语从句。句意：他们谈论了他们依然记得的中学的同学和事情。先行词为classmates and things，先行词表示人和物，关系代词用that而不用which。
8．The Sound of Music is the first English film ________ I have ever seen.
答案：that 考查定语从句。句意：《音乐之声》是我看过的第一部英语电影。先行词是English film，前面有序数词the first修饰，故关系词用that而不用which。9．Women _______ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those ________ don't.
答案：who；who 考查定语从句。句意：一天喝两杯咖啡的妇女患心脏病的几率比不喝咖啡的妇女要高。此句中包含两个定语从句，且关系词在定语从句中都作主语，不能省略。
10．In the end, she decided to sell the house ________ windows were almost all broken.
答案：whose 考查定语从句。句意：最后，她决定把窗户几乎都坏了的房子卖掉。先行词the house和windows是所属关系，whose在从句中作定语。whose windows＝of which the windows。11．The increased monthly pay will benefit more than 23 million migrant workers ________ are currently employed in Guangdong Province.
答案：who 考查定语从句。句意：月薪的增加将会让2,300多万在广东省打工的流动工人受益。先行词为more than 23 million migrant workers，从句中缺少主语，应用关系代词who。
12．Bears often hide themselves in places ________ can't be found by hunters.
答案：that/which 考查定语从句。句意：熊经常把自己藏在猎人发现不了的地方。先行词是places，从句中缺少主语，故应用关系代词that或which。
13．The reason ________ she gave for her being late was ________ she was caught in a traffic jam.
答案：that/which；that 考查定语从句和表语从句。句意：她给出的迟到的原因是她遇到了交通堵塞。the reason是先行词，且在从句中作gave的宾语，故应用关系代词。第二个空是表语从句的引导词，且从句中不缺成分，故应用that。
14．Do you have anything ________ you want to say at the meeting?
答案：that 考查定语从句关系词的选择。句意：在会议上你还有什么要说的吗？先行词是不定代词anything，从句中缺少say的宾语。
15．Do you know the man ________ the little girl is turning to for help?
答案：whom/who 句意：你知道小女孩正在寻求帮助的那个人是谁吗？Ⅱ.选用合适的关系代词填空
1．The boy ________ saved your grandma is my neighbor.
2．He is the man ________ I saw yesterday.
3．The book ________ I bought yesterday is on English grammar.
4．Is oxygen the only gas ________ helps fire burn?
5．All ________ can be eaten has been eaten up.
6．This is the biggest laboratory ________ we have ever built in our school.7．The first place ________ they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.
8．It is the day ________ I'll never forget.
9．The place ________ interested me most was the Children's Palace.
10．Is there anyone in your class ________ family is in the country?
答案：1.who/that 2.that/who/whom 3.that/which 4.that 5.that 6.that 7.that 8.which/that 9.which/that 10．whoseUnit 4 Section Ⅲ
Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1．There was a pleased ________(express)on her face.
2．She got very ________(frighten) when a plane flew over her head.
3．I ________(sincere) hope I can get your reply soon.
4．Let's get together to ________(congratulation) you on your passing the driving test.
5．________ (judge) from his appearance, he is not from a rich family.
6．He was run down by a ________(cycle) and was injured badly.
7．Smoking can do ________(damage) to your health.
8．You shouldn't spend so much time on many ________(use) things.
答案：1.expression 2.frightened 3.sincerely 4.congratulate
5．Judging 6.cyclist 7.damage 8.useless
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．从他说的话来看，他是一个明智的人。(judge)
________ ________what he said，he is a wise man.
2．图书馆里的许多书不见了。(number)
________ ________ ________ ________books are missing from the library.
3．我对她的美满婚姻送上了最热烈的祝贺。(congratulations)
I ________ ________ my warmest ________ on her happy marriage.
4．在我的演讲中，我真诚地向观众表达了我的感激之情。(express)
I ________ ________ my appreciation to my audience in my speech.
5．我非常害怕我会被解雇。(frighten)
I________ ________ ________death that I would be dismissed.
答案：1.Judging from 2.A great number of 3.offered her；congratulations 4.sincerely expressed 5.was frightened to
Ⅲ.语法单句填空
1．________(judge) from the plan, America will become the world's biggest oil producer by round 2020.
答案：Judging 考查固定搭配。句意：根据该计划判断，到2020年前后，美国将成为世界上最大的石油生产国。judging from根据……判断，固定搭配。
2．Wenchuan Earthquake Museum was built ________(honour) those who died in the disaster.
答案：to honour 句意：汶川地震纪念馆的建成是为了纪念那些在地震中死去的人们。
3．I had just stepped out of the bathroom and was busy drying myself with a towel ________ I heard the steps.
答案：when 考查连词辨析。had just done...when...刚刚做完……这时……，be doing...when...正在……这时……。句意：我刚刚走出浴室正忙着用毛巾擦干，这时我听到了脚步声。
4．The news of the mayor's coming to our school for a visit was given________on the radio yesterday.
答案：out 句意：市长来我们学校参观的消息昨天在广播电台中播放了。give out表示“公布，宣布，播放”。
5．What shall we use for power when all the oil in the world has given________？
答案：out 句意：当地球上所有的石油用完后，我们将使用什么样的能源？give out 表示“用光，耗尽”。
6．The boy showed me his new toy. I can see that he was very proud________it.
答案：of 考查短语意义。句意：这个男孩向我展示他的新玩具。我能看出他以这个玩具为荣。(be)proud of“以……为荣”。
7．I ________ (sincere)hope that I can have the opportunity to meet the famous scientist on biochemistry again in Shanghai.
答案：sincerely 句意：我真诚地希望在上海再次见到那位著名的生化科学家。sincerely“真诚地，真挚地”。
8．I feel highly________ (honour) to have a chance to speak at the meeting.
答案：honoured 句意：有机会在大会上发言，我感到十分荣幸。feel honoured to do sth.“对……感到荣幸”。
9．(2013·山东，31，改编)There is no simple answer，________ is often the case in science.
答案：as
10．______ (judge) from his accent, he must be ________ America.
答案：Judging; from 句意：从他的口音判断，他一定来自美国。“从……判断”用judging from/by，“来自”用be from。
Ⅳ.阅读理解
I shall never forget the day when the earthquake took place. The time was about 5 o'clock in the afternoon and I was driving along the road to take my daughter from school. Our plan was to go swimming together. I had finished my work at 4 o'clock and then gone to the Post Office. Then I'd stopped off at a shop in order to get some fresh fruit. We like to have some fruit to eat after our swim.
I was driving along a high road on my way to my daughter's school. Over my road was another road which was built like a bridge for cars coming to the other way. I was hungry so I put the bag of apples in the seat beside me and started to eat one.
Suddenly I saw the cars in front of me start to move from side to side. Then my car started to shake! I didn't know what was happening. Perhaps something had gone wrong with my car. I drove a little more slowly and then I stopped the car and at the same moment the road fell onto the cars in front of me.
I found myself in the dark. I couldn't move. The bottom parts of both of my legs and my feet were hurting badly and I couldn't move them. All around me was quiet. But above me I could hear shouts and a lot of noise. Then I memorized (记起) what had happened. I had been in an earthquake.
For about two hours nobody came. Luckily I could reach the bag of apples, so at least I had plenty to eat. Then I heard people climbing towards me. A team of people had come to see if anyone was under the broken road. I called out. “I'm here！” I heard a shout. Soon a stranger climbed to the side of the road near my car. “How are you doing？” he asked.
“Not too bad，” I said, “but my feet and leg feel as if they're broken.” “We'll have you out of there just as soon as we can.” They didn't get me out until the next morning. I had been in my car for fourteen hours.
文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了我在路上行驶时遭遇了地震。地震发生时，我前面的车开始左右晃动，我把车停下来，结果上面的路塌下来。我的双腿无法动弹，最后有人把我救出。
1．When the earthquake took place, the writer was ________.
A．on his way to the Post Office B．stopping off a shop
C．doing some shopping D．under a road built like a bridge
答案：D 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的Over my road was another road which was built like a bridge for cars coming to the other way.可知，我在一个建的像桥一样的路的下面行驶。故选D。
2．The writer's car began to move from side to side because ________.
A．there was something wrong with his car
B．he ate apples as he drove
C．an earthquake began to happen
D．he drove too fast
答案：C 细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的Suddenly I saw the cars in front of me start to move from side to side. Then my car started to shake！可知，突然我看到我前面的汽车开始左右晃动，我的车也开始摇晃。这证明地震发生了。故选C。
3.Which is the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A．When the earthquake happened, the writer was with his daughter together.
B．The writer's leg and feet were badly wounded in the earthquake.
C．The writer was saved as soon as the stranger climbed up the road.
D．The writer was frightened that he forgot everything that happened around.
答案：B 细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的I found myself in the dark. I couldn't move. The bottom parts of both of my legs and my feet were hurting badly and I couldn't move them.可知，我的腿的下部和脚严重受损，不能动弹。故B正确。A项和第一段中的I was driving along the road to take my daughter from school.内容不符，我要去学校接女儿，所以他们没在一起；C项和最后一段中的They didn't get me out until the next morning. I had been in my car for fourteen hours.内容不符。他们第二天早上才把我救出。我车里待了14个小时；D项和文章第四段中的All around me was quiet. But above me I could hear shouts and a lot of noise. Then I memorized (记起) what had happened.内容不符。这表明地震时，他什么都清楚。
Ⅴ.完形填空
Earthquakes are common, and thousands of them happen each day. But most are __1__ weak to feel. During a__2__earthquake, there is often a great noise first. Then the earth__3__terribly and many houses__4__down. Railway tracks break and trains go__5__lines; a great many factories are__6__； thousands of deaths are caused, and many more lose homes...__7__the great damage and deaths caused by the earthquake__8__， other disasters such as fires often__9__. More buildings are destroyed and more__10__are caused.
It is well known of the__11__of a possible earthquake, and for centuries man has been making researches on earthquakes. More than 2,000 years ago，__12__， a Chinese scientist named Zhang Heng __13__a machine which could find out from which__14__the seismic waves had come, and this machine is still__15__by scientists today. Now we know much more about earthquakes and __16__they happen, but we still cannot__17__exactly when and where an earthquake will happen, and cannot__18__it from happening. So earthquakes are among the__19__disasters in the world.
No one can stop natural earthquakes.__20__， scientists can help stop earthquakes destroying the whole cities and causing too many deaths.
文章大意：本文为一篇说明文。文章讲述了地震给人类造成的损失和伤害。为了避免更多、更大的伤害，古代科学家已经研制出了地动仪来预测地震的发生；而现代科学家也在保护人民财产、安全方面做出了很大的贡献。
1．A．very B．too
C．quite D．so
答案：B 句意：但是大多数地震太微弱了，以致人们感觉不到。too... to...太……而不能……。
2．A．real B．weak
C．big D．small
答案：C 由后面的内容often a great noise和terribly可知这里是说在“大地震中”。
3．A．moves B．shakes
C．jumps D．breaks
答案：B 在地震中大地会“摇动”。
4．A．get B．put
C．set D．fall
答案：D 房屋在地震中“倒塌”。get down“吞下；记下；使沮丧”；put down“放下；写下”；set down“记下”；fall down“倒下；跌倒”。
5．A．off B．on
C．into D．behind
答案：A off意为“脱离”，这里指火车“脱离轨道”。
6．A．burst B．struck
C．destroyed D．buried
答案：C 在地震中许多工厂被毁坏了。其他选项不符合句意。
7．A．Except B．Besides
C．Instead of D．Because of
答案：B besides“除……之外(包括)”，符合题意。except“除……之外(排除)”；instead of“取代；代替”；because of“因为；由于”。后三个选项都与句意不相符。
8．A．lonely B．later
C．themselves D．itself
答案：D 这些严重的毁坏和伤亡是由地震“本身”引起的。
9．A．follow B．copy
C．come D．enter
答案：A follow作“跟随”解，指火灾等自然灾害也随着地震的发生而发生。copy“模仿；复制”；come“来；到来”；enter“进入”，均与句意不相符。
10．A．quakes B．deaths
C．difficulties D．results
答案：B 更多的建筑物遭到破坏，也就有更多的“死亡”情况发生。
11．A．information B．questions
C．dangers D．frights
答案：C 地震的“危险”是人所共知的。
12．A．as a result B．in fact
C．for example D．as well
答案：C for example“例如”；as a result“结果”；in fact“事实上”；as well“也”。a Chinese scientist named Zhang Heng是举例说明科学家对地震进行的研究。
13．A．invented B．discovered
C．found D．bought
答案：A 张衡“发明”了地动仪。
14．A．country B．direction
C．way D．city
答案：B 那时候地动仪能够测量出地震发生在哪个“方向”，而不是哪个“国家”；“道路”或“城市”。
15．A．improved B．repaired
C．protected D．used
答案：D 这种仪器至今仍被科学家所“使用”，而不是“改进”；“修理”；“保护”。
16．A．where B．when
C．what D．why
答案：D 今天我们更加了解地震发生的原因，即为什么会发生地震。由17空后“when and where”可知，此处不选A项和B项。
17．A．speak B．tell
C．talk D．point
答案：B tell表示“判断；辨别”，即我们还不能准确判断何时何地发生地震。
18．A．make B．prepare
C．stop D．let
答案：C stop...from doing意为“阻止……”，即我们也不能阻止地震的发生。
19．A．worst B．best
C．most D．fast
答案：A 地震是世界上“最严重的”灾难之一。
20．A．However B．But
C．And D．So
答案：A however作副词，表示“转折”，与后面的句子用逗号隔开。but连词，后直接跟句子。虽然没有人能阻止地震的发生，但科学家却可以帮助人们尽可能地减少地震造成的损失。
课件62张PPT。成才之路 · 英语路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索人教版 · 必修1EarthquakesUnit 4Section Ⅲ Using LanguageUnit 4Ⅰ.单词速记
1．__________(n.)条；棒；条状物
2．__________(n.& vt.)损失；损害
3．__________(n.)要点；大纲；轮廓
4．__________(n.)报刊的大字标题
5．__________(vt.)使惊吓；吓唬
→frightened(adj.)受惊的；受恐吓的
→frightening(adj.)令人恐惧的
6．____________(n.)祝贺；(复数)贺词
→congratulate(v.)祝贺bar
damage
outline
headline
frighten
congratulation7．__________(vt.)断定；判断；判决(n.)裁判员；法官
→judg-(e)ment(n.)判断
8．__________(adv.)真诚地；真挚地
→sincere(adj.)真诚的
9．__________(vt.)表示；表达(n.)快车；速递
→expression(n.)表达；表情
10．__________(v.)骑自行车
→cyclist(n.)骑自行车的人judge
sincerely
express
cycleⅡ.短语互译
1．没有用 ________________
2．损害；损坏 ________________
3．募集捐款 ________________
4．对……感到震惊 ________________
5．作演讲 ________________
6．be proud of ________________
7．express one's thanks to sb. ________________
8．put up ________________
9．be known as ________________
10．in the open air ________________of no use
do damage to
raise money
be shocked at
give a speech
为……而自豪
向某人表达谢意
搭起；建起
作为……而出名
露天；在户外Ⅲ.完成句子
1．我们很高兴地告诉你，你在以新唐山为主题的高中演讲比赛中获得了第一名。
We ______________________ you have won the high school speaking competition about new Tangshan.(that引导的宾语从句)
2．评委团的五位评委听了你的演讲，他们都认为你的演讲是今年最好的。
Your speech was heard by a group of five judges, ________________ agreed that it was the best one this year.(名词/代词＋介词＋whom/which引导定语从句)
3．你知道，37年前的这一天正是发生地震的日子。
____________，this is the day the quake happened thirty- seven years ago.(as引导的非限制性定语从句)
4．这名男子正在楼下睡觉，这时地震突然发生了。
The man was sleeping downstairs __________________. (when作并列连词)
答案：1.are pleased to tell you that 2.all of whom 3.As you know 4.when the earthquake happened
Ⅳ.课文理解
Choose the best answers according to the passage.
1．The letter comes from ________.
A．Office of the City Government of Tangshan
B．Office of the New York City
C．a Japanese company
D．an English club
2．What's the speaking competition about?
A．The earthquake in Tangshan.
B．The old Tangshan.
C．The new Tangshan.
D．The new China.
3．The city will open a new park in order to ________.
A．honour those who died and those who helped the survivors in the disaster
B．honour the students who have won the speaking competition
C．show respect to the heroes who died for the new Tangshan
D．show respect to the people who work for the new Tangshan
4．If you are the student who has won the competition, who will you bring to the park?
A．My family and teachers.
B．My friends.
C．My teachers.
D．My friends and family.
答案：1～4 ACAD1．damage
(1)n.损失；损害
Man has done great damage to his home over the years.
多年来，人类已经严重破坏了自己的家园。(2)vt.损害；损失
①Don't damage your health for a slim and attractive figure.
不要为了苗条动人的身材而毁了你自己的健康。
②Tyler felt his reputation had been damaged by the newspaper article.
泰勒觉得他的名誉已经因为报纸上的这篇报道而受到了损害。
归纳拓展
do/cause damage to给……造成/带来损坏
damage one's reputation毁坏某人的名誉易混辨析活学活用
用damage, ruin或destroy的适当形式填空
①Many houses were seriously ________ by the storm and the repair work lasted months.
②The building was completely________.
③To our disappointment, the bad weather ________ our trip.
用damage的相关搭配完成句子
④The flood ________________(对……造成破坏) the crops.
⑤Drinking and smoking can _______________(有损健康)．
语法单句填空
⑥He was lucky in the accident but his ________(damage)car is still under repair.
答案：①damaged ②destroyed ③ruined ④caused/did damage to ⑤damage your health ⑥damaged
2．frighten vt.使惊吓；吓唬
①Don't stand so near the edge; you're frightening me!
别站得这么靠边，你吓坏我了！
②She'll be frightened to death when she sees the way you drive.
看到你那样开车，她会吓死的。
③They frightened the old lady into signing the paper.
他们恐吓那位老太太，使她签了字据。
归纳拓展
(1)frighten sb. into/out of(doing) sth.恐吓某人做/不做某事
(2)frightened adj.受惊的；受恐吓的
frightening adj.令人恐惧的巧学助记
图文巧记“害怕”
Judging from the frightened expression on his face, he is very frightened by the frightening monster.
从他脸上惊恐的表情判断，他被这个令人恐惧的怪物吓坏了。活学活用
完成句子
①Miriam ____________ tell her family what had happened.
米丽娅姆太害怕了，她不敢告诉家人所发生的事情。
②It __________________ but they were very courageous.
那是一段非常令人恐惧的经历，但他们表现得却很勇敢。
语法单句填空
③Hearing the ________(frighten) story, the little boy had a ______ (frighten) expression on his face.
答案：①was too frightened to
②was a very frightening experience
③frightening; frightened 句意：听到这个令人恐惧的故事，这个小男孩脸上露出害怕的表情。frightening令人恐惧的；frightened受惊的；害怕的。
3．congratulation n．祝贺；(复数)贺词
①—I've just passed my driving test!
—Congratulations_to you!
——我刚刚通过驾驶执照考试！
——恭喜你！
②Congratulations on a superb performance!
对这场精彩的演出表示祝贺！
归纳拓展
(1)congratulation to sb. on sth. 祝贺某人某事
offer/send congratulations to sb. on sth.向某人祝贺某事
(2)congratulate v．祝贺，向……致贺词
congratulate sb. on/upon sth./doing sth.就某事向某人祝贺
She congratulated me warmly on my good exam results.
她热烈祝贺我考试取得好成绩。名师点津
“祝贺”用法提醒
(1)congratulation作“祝贺”讲时，常以复数形式出现。
(2)congratulate的宾语是人而不是物；celebrate的宾语是某些活动。
①We held a large party to celebrate his birthday.
我们开了一个盛大的晚会来庆祝他的生日。
②We congratulated him on winning the game.
我们祝贺他赢得了这场比赛。
活学活用
完成句子
①She __________________________.
她对他的成功表示祝贺。
②I want to __________________ your passing your driving test.
我想因你通过驾驶执照考试表示我的祝贺。
语法单句填空
③—I hear you came first in the final test. ________ (congratulate)!
—Thanks. But I think I could have done better.
④The two sportsmen congratulated each other________winning the match by shaking hands.
⑤(2014·陕西，11改编)—I got that job I wanted at the public library.
—________(congratulate)! That's good news.
答案：①congratulated him on his success
②express my congratulations on
③Congratulations 考查情景交际。句意：——我听说你在期末考试中得了第一名。祝贺你！——谢谢！但是我想我本来可以做得更好一点。Congratulations祝贺。
④on 句意：这两个运动员握手祝贺彼此赢得比赛。congratulate sb. on sth.“祝贺某人某事”，是固定搭配。
⑤Congratulations
4．judge
(1)n. [C]裁判员；法官
Judges are those who defend right against wrong.
法官是维护正义，反对邪恶的人。
(2)v. 判断；断定；评价
①Don't judge a person by/from his appearance.
勿以貌取人。
②Judging from his accent, he must be a southerner.
根据他的口音判断，他一定是南方人。
[巧学助记]
That judge judged that these ancient pictures should be judged by some judges of art.
那位法官认为这些古画应该由一些擅长艺术鉴定的鉴定家来鉴定。
归纳拓展
(1)judge... by/from... 通过……判断……
judge sb./sth. as/to be... 断定某人/物是……
as far as I can judge 据我判断
judging by/from... 从……来看，根据……判断
(2)judg(e)ment n. 判决；判断；评价
in one's judg(e)ment 在某人看来
名师点津
judging by/from表示“从……来看，根据……来判断”，用在句首时，为一个独立成分，不受句子主语和时态的影响。
英语中类似judging by/from用法的独立成分还有很多，例如：generally/exactly/frankly/honestly speaking(一般地/确切地/坦率地/诚实地说)，considering (that)．..(考虑到，鉴于，就……而言)，providing/provided (that)．..(假如，倘若……)等。
①Honestly speaking, he is not a person you can trust.
说实话，他不是一个你信得过的人。
②Considering his age, the child reads quite well.
鉴于他的年龄，这个孩子读得相当好。
活学活用
语法单句填空
________(judge)from the number of cars, he thought there were not many people at the club yet.
答案：Judging 句意：根据停靠的车辆来判断，他认为俱乐部中的人还不太多。judging from/by...表示“根据……判断”，作状语。5．express
(1)vt. 表示；表达
I find it hard to express myself in English.
我觉得很难用英语表达自己。
(2)n. [C]特快列车；[U]速递
They are waiting for the 8∶00 express to Shanghai.
他们在等八点去上海的快车。
(3)adj.特快的；快递的
Where do I wait for the express bus to London?
我到哪里等候开往伦敦的特快公共汽车呢？巧学助记
He expressed his wish that he would go there on an express train.
他表达了他想坐特快列车去那儿的愿望。
归纳拓展
(1)express sth. to sb.(＝express to sb. sth.)向某人表示/表露/表达某事
express oneself表达自己的思想感情
by express通过快递
an express train特快列车
(2)expression n．表达；表情
活学活用
完成句子
①Young children often have difficulty________(表达自己的意见)．
②I'll send the parcel________(用快递)．
答案：①(in)expressing themselves/their feelings ②by express6．give out
(1)vt.发出；放出；公布
Students were giving out leaflets to everyone in the street.
学生们在向街上所有的人分发传单。
(2)vi.用完；耗尽；筋疲力尽
My money began to give out.
我的钱快要用光了。
(3)发出，放出(热、光等)
The radiator is giving out a lot of heat.
散热器释放出大量的热量。
(4)公布；宣布；播放
They gave out the names of the winners.
他们宣布了获胜者的名字。
归纳拓展
give away 赠送；分发；放弃(机会)；泄露(秘密)
give in 屈服；交上
give off 发出(气味、光、热等)
give up 放弃
活学活用
用适当的介词或副词填空
①I need to give ________ some of these old baby clothes.
②But finally, he was forced to give ________.
③The flowers gave ________ a sweet smell.
④The doctor advised him to give ________ smoking.
⑤The teacher gave ________ the exam papers.
⑥Don't mention that at the beginning of the story, or it may give________ the shocking ending.
答案：①away ②in ③off ④up ⑤out ⑥away7．As you know, this is the day the quake happened thirty-seven years ago.
你知道，37年前的这一天正是发生地震的日子。
句式分析
as you know在本句中是非限制性定语从句，修饰后面的整个句子。关系代词as可引导非限制定语从句，从句可放在主句前、主句中或主句后，常用逗号与主句隔开。
①As is known to us all, the earth is round.
众所周知，地球是圆的。
②He is absent, as is often the case.
他缺席了，他经常这样。
名师点津
as, which引导非限制性定语从句的区别
(1)as引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前、主句之后，甚至还可以分隔主句。which引导的非限制性定语从句只可放在主句之后。
(2)as常常有“正如、正像”的含义。which常译为“这，这件事”。
(3)当主句和从句之间存在着逻辑上的因果关系时，关系词往往只能用which。which引导的非限制性定语从句通常位于所修饰的句子之后。活学活用
语法单句填空
①(2012·福建高考改编) The air quality in the city, ______ is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months.
仿写句子
②众所周知，莫言是一个著名的作家。
_______________________________________________
单句改错
③He failed in the mid-term exam, it made his parents upset.
_______________________________________________
答案：①as 考查定语从句。句意：正如报告所显示的，在过去的两个月里，这个城市的空气质量已有所改善。as“正如，正像”，引导定语从句，先行词为the air quality。
②As everybody knows, Mo Yan is a famous writer.
③it改为which
8．The man was sleeping downstairs when the earthquake happened.
这名男子正在楼下睡觉，这时地震突然发生了。
句式分析
be doing sth. when...某人正在做某事，这时突然……，when连接两个并列分句。
I was watching TV when the electricity was cut off.
我正在看电视，这时突然停电了。活学活用
仿写句子。
①前些天他正步行上学的时候，突然下起雨来。
_______________________________________________
语法单句填空
②We were swimming in the river ________ the storm started.
答案：①He was walking to school the other day when it began to rain.
②when 考查并列连词。句意：我们正在河里游泳，这时暴风雨突然来了。be doing sth. when...正在做某事，突然……。when意为“那时突然”。Ⅰ.用所给词的正确形式填空
(1)frighten
①I was ________ of being left by myself in the house.
②That's a ________ thought.
(2)congratulation
①He even never stopped to ________ me.
②On arriving there, we offered our ________ to him on his success.(3)judge
①I can't ________ whether he is right or wrong.
②________ from his expression, he was satisfied with my work.
(4)sincerely
①He is a ________ man.
②I ________ hope I'll see her again.
(5)express
①He knows only a little English so he can't ________ himself fluently.
②He looked at her plate with an ________ of satisfaction.
(6)damage
①The accident did a lot of ________ to the car.
②Many houses were ________ by the heavy rain.
答案：(1)①frightened ②frightening
(2)①congratulate ②congratulations
(3)①judge ②Judging (4)①sincere ②sincerely
(5)①express ②expression (6)①damage ②damagedⅡ.语法单句填空
1．You can tell from the ________(express) on his face that he didn't do very well in the exam.
答案：expression 句意：你可以从他脸上的表情看出，他考得不好。expression表达，表情。
2．Washington, a state in the United States, was named ________honour of one of the greatest American presidents.
答案：in 考查介词短语辨析。句意：华盛顿，美国的一个州，是为了纪念一位美国最伟大的总统而命名。3．The cow ________(frighten) by the fire rushed out into the street.
答案：frightened 考查非谓语动词。句意：被火惊吓的牛跑到街上去了。此处是分词作定语，frighten和cow之间是动宾关系，应用过去分词。
4．—I have never found a better position.
—________(congratulate)．
答案：Congratulations 考查情景交际。句意： ——我找到了一个最好的职位。——祝贺你。never＋比较级表达的是最高级的意义。Congratulations祝贺。5．________(judge) from what he has been doing, Mr. Smith seems to be a person we can depend on.
答案：Judging 句意：根据他一直做的事情来判断，史密斯先生似乎是我们可以信赖的人。judging from/by是固定短语，意为”根据……来判断”。
6．She brought with her three friends, none of ________ I had ever met before.
答案：whom 考查非限制性定语从句。句意：她带着她的三个朋友，我以前从没见过。7．Luckily, the traffic accident didn't do damage________ either of the cars.
答案：to 考查固定搭配。句意：幸运的是，这次交通事故对两辆车没有造成什么损害。do damage to对……造成损害。
8．—What's wrong with you yesterday?
—When I was playing football, my strength gave________ and I fell down.
答案： out 句意：——你昨天怎么了？——当我正在踢足球时，我筋疲力尽，摔倒了。give out意为“用完，用尽”，符合句意。9．He was about to tell me the secret ________ someone patted me on the shoulder.
答案：when 考查状语从句的连词。句意：他正要告诉我这个秘密时，突然有人拍我的肩膀。when那时。be about to do... when...即将做某事这时突然……，是固定句型。
10．________ his parents expected, he was accepted as a member by the big company.
答案：As 考查非限制性定语从句。句意：正如他父母所期望的，他被一家大公司录取了。as引导非限制性定语从句，可置于句首，意为“正如”。Unit 4 Section Ⅳ
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2014·山西省康杰中学月考)
Perfect Disaster
All around us buildings shook. We decided to leave the town. We stopped once we had left the buildings behind us. The carts were moving in opposite directions, though the ground was perfectly flat, and they wouldn't stay in place even with their wheels blocked by stones.
In addition, it seemed as though the sea was being sucked(吸) backwards, as if it were being pushed back by the shaking of the land. Certainly the shoreline moved outwards, and many sea animals were left on dry sand.
Behind us were frightening dark clouds that opened up to show fire-like lightning, but bigger. Not long after that the clouds reached down to the ground and covered the sea. Now came the dust, though still thin. I looked back. A dense cloud appeared behind us, following us like a flood pouring across the land. Then a darkness came that was not like a moonless or cloudy night, but more like being in a closed and unlighted room. You could hear women and children crying, men shouting. Some were calling for parents, others for children; they could only recognize them by their voices.
Darkness and ashes came again, a great weight of them. We stood up and shook the ash off again and again; otherwise we would have been covered with it and crushed by the weight.At last the cloud became thinner and thinner until it was no more than smoke or fog. Soon there was real daylight. The sight that met our still terrified eyes was a changed world, buried in ash like snow.
―from Pliny's letter to a friend
文章大意：文章是Pliny写给朋友的信，介绍地震后地动山摇，天昏地暗的情景，和人们惊慌失措的样子。
1．Pliny left the town after ________.
A．the eruption
B．the sky became dark
C．the buildings began shaking
D．the sea went back
答案：C 细节理解题。从文章第一段的句子：All around us buildings shook. We decided to leave the town.可知Pliny离开城镇是在房屋开始摇晃以后，选C。
2．The carts wouldn't stay still because ________.
A．the earth was shaking
B．the sea sucked them backwards
C．the wheels had stones under them
D．the lightening frightened the horses
答案：A 推理判断题。文章在说明“The carts were... flat, and they wouldn't stay in place...by stones.”之前已有交代，说明是大地抖动，这正是说明了产生此种结果的原因。选A。
3．The reason why it was dark is that ________.
A．it was very late at night
B．clouds of ash covered the sun
C．there was a very bad storm
D．there was no moon that night
答案：B 细节理解题。根据第三段的句子：Now came the dust, though still thin. I looked back. A dense cloud appeared behind us, following us like a flood pouring across the land. Then a darkness came that was not like a moonless or cloudy night, but more like being in a closed and unlighted room.可知天黑是因为灰尘掩盖了太阳，选B。
4．People tried to find their relations by calling out their names and ________.
A．listening to their voices
B．running about looking for them
C．shaking the ash off people
D．watching people as they ran past
答案：A 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句：Some were calling for parents, others for children; they could only recognize them by their voices.可知人们想通过叫他们的名字和听他们的声音找到他们的亲戚。
B
A terrible storm destroyed fourteen homes. Seven others were so badly damaged that their owners had to leave them，and fifteen others had broken windows or broken roofs. One person was killed, several were badly hurt and taken to the hospital, and a number of other people received smaller hurt. Altogether over two hundred people were homeless after the storm.
A farmer, Mr Tan, said that the storm began early in the morning and lasted for over an hour.
“I was eating with my wife and children，” he said，“when we heard a loud noise. A few minutes later our house fell down on top of us. We tried our best to climb out but then I saw that one of my children was missing. I went back inside and found him safe but very frightened.”
Mrs Woo said that her husband had just left for work when she felt that her house was moving. She ran outside at once with her children.
“There was no time to take anything，” she said. “A few minutes later，the roof came down.”
Soldiers helped to take people out of the flooded area and the welfare department brought them food, clothes and shelter.
文章大意：一场暴风雨摧毁了14个家庭，另外7个家庭也因为房屋等毁坏严重而不得不离开他们的家，还有15家，他们的窗户、房顶等都破了。在这次灾难中，一个人死亡，几个人受重伤，还有许多人受了轻伤。灾难发生后，战士们帮助他们安全转移，福利部门也给他们带来了食物、衣服、帐篷等急需品。
5．How many homes altogether(总共) were damaged in the storm?
A． Fourteen. B．Twenty-one.
C． Twenty-nine. D． Thirty-six.
答案：D 细节理解题。根据第一段出现的三个数字four-teen, seven，fifteen可知D项为正确答案。
6．Where was Mr Tan when the storm first began?
A． He was in bed.
B． He was inside the house.
C． He was outside the house.
D． He was on the roof.
答案：B 细节理解题。根据第三段的I was eating with my wife and children...可排除A、D两项，由下文可知C项也不正确。
7．Mrs Woo and her children didn't get hurt because ________.
A． her husband knew there would be a storm
B． they were all outside the house when the storm came
C． she felt the house was moving and ran outside at once with her children
D． the welfare department helped her
答案：C 细节理解题。根据第四段内容可知答案为C项。
8．The underlined word “shelter” in this passage means ________.
A． something to eat B． something to wear
C． somewhere to study D． somewhere to stay
答案：D 词义猜测题。考虑全文意思及最后一段可知，暴风雨过后，房屋倒塌，人员伤亡。人们不仅需要食品、衣物，还需要住的地方。
9．Which of the following may be the best title for this passage?
A． A Terrible Storm B． A Lucky Woman
C． Good Soldiers D． Clever People
答案：A 主旨归纳题。由文章内容可知选A项。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2014·景德镇市高一期中)
Frank was walking down the 6th Street on a hot sunny day when he saw smoke coming out of the street. He could __1__ the smoke, and it was getting thicker. Seeing the smoke coming out of a storm drain(雨水沟), Frank called the fire department immediately. “The storm drain is __2__ fire！” he said. The fire department asked for his whereabouts and he said he was near the 6th and Main. They said they __3__ be right there to investigate the situation. Frank needn't to go anywhere, so he waited for the __4__ to arrive. He was curious what could be burning beneath the street. As far as he knew, there wasn't anything beneath the street __5__ concrete(混凝土). And everyone __6__ that concrete doesn't burn.
A fire truck arrived a few __7__ later. “Are you the man who __8__？” asked the driver. “Yes. ” Frank answered. By now Frank could not only smell the __9__ but also hear crackling sounds, just like wood burning. The firemen didn't seem to consider it an emergency. “__10__ do you think it could be？” Frank asked the driver. “Oh, we know what it is. We have to __11__ a problem like this every few months. It's the homeless people in their ‘__12__’．”
Homeless people have been living under the streets for years.__13__ their knowledge of the storm drain system, they __14__ their own “houses” beneath the streets. These living areas have tables, mattresses, chairs, and sofas. The settlers often “borrow” electricity by connecting to a live wire above ground to __15__ their own lights and even TVs underground. Either this __16__ electricity or a cigarette can cause an occasional fire.
Frank watched __17__ some firemen lifted a manhole cover (井盖) and went beneath the street with a fire hose (消防软管). Then a few minutes later, the __18__ smoke turned white. Shortly __19__， the firemen reappeared with a __20__ person who seemed to have just been woken up.
文章大意：文章讲述Frank发现街上的雨水沟里面有烟雾，就报火警，消防队员认为这肯定是无家可归的人在里面，因为借用电或是抽烟引起的，果然在消防队员进入雨水沟不久，就带了一个无家可归的人上来。
1．A．touch B．hear
C．smell D．taste
答案：C 考查动词。touch触摸，hear听见，smell闻到，taste品尝，因为是烟雾，应该是闻到了，选C。
2．A．in B．at
C．to D．on
答案：D 考查介词。in在……里面，at在……地方，to到……，on在……上面，on fire着火了，选D。
3.
A．would B．had
C．may D．will
答案：A 考查情态动词。would会，had和to连用表示“不得不”，may可以，will将会，他们说他们会去那里调查这件事，选A。
4．A．policeman B．firemen
C．postmen D．powermen
答案：B 考查名词。policeman警察，firemen消防队员，postmen邮递员，powermen发电机专业人员，从前面的句子：The fire department asked for his whereabouts and he said he was near the 6th and Main.可知Frank等着消防队员来，选B。
5．A．excuse B．express
C．exact D．except
答案：D 考查词义辨析。excuse借口，express表达，exact确切的，except除了，地下除了混凝土什么都没有，选D。
6．A．know B．knows
C．knew D．knowing
答案：B 考查时态。每个人都知道混凝土是不会着火的，这是客观事实，用一般现在时，选B。
7．A．seconds B．hours
C．minutes D．quarters
答案：C 考查名词。seconds几秒，hours几小时，minutes几分钟，quarters几刻钟，几分钟后，消防车到了，选C。
8．A．called B．smelt
C．investigated D．saw
答案：A 考查动词。called打电话，smelt闻，investigated调查，saw看见，从前面的句子：Frank called the fire department immediately.可知是问你是打电话的人吗？选A。
9．A．fire B．smoke
C．storm drain D．burn
答案：B 考查名词。fire火，smoke烟雾，storm drain雨水沟，burn燃烧，从前面的句子He could __1__ the smoke. 可知他不仅可以闻到烟雾而且能听见噼噼啪啪的声音，选B。
10．A．What B．Why
C．Which D．When
答案：A 考查疑问词。What什么，Why为什么，Which哪个，When什么时候，Frank问消防队员：你认为会是什么？选A。
11．A．suffer B．solve
C．survive D．survey
答案：B 考查动词。suffer遭受，solve解决，survive幸存，survey调查，我们每隔几个月都要解决这样的问题，选B。
12．A．flats B．apartments
C．houses D．sections
答案：C 考查名词。flats公寓，apartments公寓，houses房屋，sections部门，从后面的句子：the __14__ their own “houses” beneath the streets.可知这是无家可归的人在他们的房子里面，选C。
13．A．Learning B．Taking
C．Using D．Giving
答案：C 考查动词。learning学习，taking拿，using使用，giving给，无家可归的人在街道下面生活了很多年了，利用他们对雨水沟系统的了解，他们把家建在地下，选C。
14．A．set down B．set out
C．set about D．set up
答案：D 考查动词短语。set down记下，set out出发，set about开始，set up建立，由上题可知他们把家建在地下，选D。
15．A．power B．strengthen
C．force D．energy
答案：A 考查动词。power加强，用发动机发动，使……有力量，strengthen加强，force强迫，energy能源，他们连接地面上的电线给自己的电灯充电，选A。
16．A．bought B．brought
C．booked D．borrowed
答案：D 考查动词。bought买，brought带来，booked预定，borrowed借出，从前面的The settlers often “borrow” electricity可知这种借的电或是香烟都会导致火灾，选D。
17．A．for B．as
C．with D．since
答案：B 考查连词。for为了，as当……时候，with介词(和……一起)，since自从，当消防队员打开井盖的时候，Frank在一旁观看，选B。
18．A．black B．red
C．blue D．brown
答案：A 考查形容词。black黑的，red红的，blue蓝的，brown棕色的，几分钟后，黑色的烟雾变成了白色，选A。
19．A．westward B．backward
C．afterward D．forward
答案：C 考查副词。westward向西，backward向后，afterward之后，forward向前，之后不久，消防队员就又出现了，选C。
20．A．careless B．selfless
C．helpless D．homeless
答案：D 考查形容词。careless粗心的，selfless无私的，helpless无助的，homeless无家可归的，从前面的句子：Homeless people have been living under the streets for years.可知带着一个无家可归的人，选D。
Ⅲ.语法填空
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
As a working mom with three young sons, keeping the house clean is a big challenge. Even __1__ we clean the house every week, one hour later our bedrooms and bathrooms are back to their messy(混乱的) look. When __2__ (ask), my boys will help neaten their room, clear their plates from the table and pick up their school junk. But I need to remind them __3__ it again and again.
If I don't remind them, I will step over all the things __4__ make my house look like a garbage can. This is quite __5__ change from my pre-kid years when I never left any waste in the house.__6__ seems that I cannot get these days back again at my own house.
When last week I __7__(find) a program called “Share a Healthy Habit” on a newspaper, I saw a great chance to engage my sons in cleaning chores. Why not encourage these behaviors during the summer, while school is out and their life is __8__(relax)?
The goal for my boys is to clean their own dorm room __9__themselves when they are free. The rewards for clean habits start young and continue as they get __10__ (old), so I need to start my plan as soon as possible.
1．______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______
6．______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______
答案：1. though/if 2. asked 3. of 4. that 5. a 6. It 7. found 8. relaxing 9. by 10. older
课件31张PPT。成才之路 · 英语路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索人教版 · 必修1EarthquakesUnit 4Section Ⅳ Unit RevisionUnit 41．__________(vi.)爆裂；爆发n.突然破裂；爆发
2．__________(vt.)损害；伤害
3．__________(vt.)破坏；毁坏；消灭
4．__________(vt.& vi.)(使)震惊；震动n.休克；打击
5．__________(vt.)使陷入困境n.陷阱；困境
6．__________(vt.)埋葬；掩埋；隐藏
7．__________(vt.)使惊吓；吓唬
8．__________(vt.)表示；表达
9．________________(n.)地震burst
injure
destroy
shock
trap
bury
frighten
express
earthquake/quake10．__________(n.)井
11．__________(n.)管；导管
12．__________(n.)百万
13．__________(n.)事件；大事
14．__________(n.)民族；国家；国民
15．__________(n.)运河；水道
16．__________(n.)蒸汽；水汽
17．__________(n.)污垢；泥土
18．__________(n.)废墟；毁灭 vt.毁灭；使破产
19．__________(n.)苦难；痛苦well
pipe
million
event
nation
canal
steam
dirt
ruin
suffering20．__________(n.)砖；砖块
21．__________(n.)水坝；堤堰
22．__________(n.)轨道；足迹；痕迹
23．__________(n.& vt.)援救；营救
24．__________(n.)电；电流；电学
25．__________(n.)灾难；灾祸
26．__________(n.)矿；矿山；矿井
27．__________(n.)矿工
28．__________(n.)掩蔽；掩蔽处；避身处
29．__________(n.)标题；头衔；资格brick
dam
track
rescue
electricity
disaster
mine
miner
shelter
title30．____________(n.& vt.)损失；损害
31．____________(n.)祝贺；(复数)贺词
32．____________(n.)裁判员；法官 vt.断定；判断；判决
33．____________(n.)要点；大纲；轮廓
34．____________(adj.)极度的
35．____________(adj.)无用的；无效的；无益的
36．____________(adj.)受惊吓的；受恐吓的
37．____________(adj.)令人恐惧的
38．____________(adj.)真诚地；真挚地damage
congratulation
judge
outline
extreme
useless
frightened
frightening
sincerely1．_______________立刻；马上
2．_______________终结；结束
3．_______________掘出；发现
4．_______________仿佛；好像
5．_______________严重受损；破败不堪
6．_________________许多；大量的right away
at an end
dig out
as if/though
in ruins
a (great)number of 1．everywhere引导的状语从句：
________________________(无论他们朝哪里看) nearly everything was destroyed.
2．部分否定：
I ______________________________here.
我并不认识你们这里所有的人。
3．It seems/looks/sounds as if...
It ______________he is very excited.
听起来他好像有点激动。
答案：1.Everywhere they looked 2. don't know all of you 3.sounds as if
定语从句(一)(以that, which, who, whom和whose引导的定语从句)
1．A plane is a machine ________ can fly.
2．The man ________ he talked of is from Japan.
3．This is the very pen ________ he found at the gate.
4．Don't frighten the boy ________ is asleep.
5．We went to visit the teacher ________ husband is a doctor.
答案：1.that/which 2.that/whom/who 3.that
4．who/that 5.whose请以“An Unusual Autumn Night”为题，记叙发生在你身边的一件事情：
一个凉爽的秋夜，人们都在熟睡，我在看书。突然，我闻到有东西燃烧的味道，往窗外一看，发现街对面我的同学Lily家发生了火灾。我一边大喊“失火了，救命啊”，一边拨打消防队(fire brigade)的电话。许多邻居醒来跑出救火，我也加入了其中。Lily和她父母及时从燃烧着的房子中跑了出来。
半小时后，火被扑灭，幸运的是，火灾并没有造成大的损失。Lily的父母感激得说不出话来。思路点拨
新闻是对最近发生事实的报道。新闻反映新发生的、重要的、有意义的、能引起广泛兴趣的事实，具有迅速、明了、简短的特点。新闻报道一般采用“倒金字塔”格式，由三部分组成：标题(title)，导语(lead-in)和正文(body)。
1.标题是新闻报道的眼睛，若写得好，可以吸引读者(若写作中不要求写标题可不写，以免出错)。新闻报道的标题必须简明、能准确地概括其内容，帮助读者理解报道的事实。因此写作时可使用一些修辞手段。
2.导语是指一篇新闻报道的第一自然段或第一句话。它是用简明、生动的文字写出新闻报道中最主要的、最新鲜的事实，鲜明地提示其主题思想，所以表达要言简意赅，材料的安排要由重要到次要。
3.正文是主干部分，它紧接在导语之后，对导语作具体、全面的阐述，具体展开事实或进一步突出中心，从而写出导语所概括的内容，通常按时间顺序或逻辑顺序写作，但仍然要先写主要的，再写次要的。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：
On a cool autumn night, many people had been sound asleep, but I was still reading. Suddenly I smelt something burning. I looked out of the window. Oh, my God! A fire broke out. A house on the opposite side was on fire. It was my classmate Lily's house. “Fire! Fire! Help! Help！”I cried out at the top of my voice, and then I called the fire brigade. By this time, many neighbours had been woken up and went to put out the fire. I took a pail and went to rescue. Luckily, Lily and her parents ran out in time.
About half an hour later, the fire was put out. Fortunately, it didn't destroy many things. Lily's parents were so grateful that they couldn't say a word.Ⅰ.根据首字母提示用本单元所学的单词完成下列句子
1．These people burned the dead; they didn't b________ them.
2．They t________ the wild animals and killed them for food.
3．After the accident her life seemed to be in r________.
4．It was a great s________ for him when his wife died.
5．When spring comes in that part of the world，the trees just b________ into life.
答案：1.bury 2.trapped 3.ruins 4.shock 5.burstⅡ.根据汉语提示完成句子
1．Do you know _________________________________ _______________(有多少参观者被困在那个岛上)?
2．It's said that ______________________________(他们正在募捐)in that poor mountain village.
3．Can you tell me ________________________(会议将于什么时候结束)?
4．When he cut down branches from these trees, __________ ______________(他的右手严重受伤)．
5．______________________________(他的房子在地震中被完全破坏), which made him very sad.
答案：1.how many visitors are trapped on that island
2．they are collecting/raising money
3．when the meeting will be at an end
4．his right hand was seriously injured
5．His house was completely destroyed in an earthquake答案：1.burst into 2.right away 3.buried herself in
4．give out 5.dug outⅣ.语法单句填空
1．When she heard the news from the hospital that her father had died, she burst ________ tears.
答案：into burst into tears突然大哭起来。句意：从医院里听到她父亲去世的噩耗时，她突然放声大哭起来。
2．When the cows ran down the road, ________ seemed as if they were driven by an unseen hand.
答案：it 考查固定句型。It seems/seemed as if...为固定句型，意为“好像……”。3．In the terrible earthquake, all the houses in Wenchuan ________(destroy), so they had to build new ones.
答案：were destroyed 句意：在那次可怕的地震中，汶川所有的房屋被毁，因此他们只好建造新的房屋。houses与destroy之间为动宾关系，故用被动语态。
4．Although he was disabled when he was only ten years of age, yet he aimed ________(high), for which his classmates spoke ________(high) of him.
答案：high; highly high表示具体高度；highly则表示抽象意义，此处二者均为副词。句意：尽管他在十岁时就残疾了，然而他目标很高，他的同学对他评价很高。5．________(trap) in the river for five hours, the thief looked very pale and hopeless.
答案：Trapped 句意：被困在河里五个小时，小偷看上去很苍白无望。be trapped in...被困在……。
6．It's reported that the earthquake has made ________(thousand)of people homeless.
答案：thousands 考查数词用法。前面有确切数字修饰时，hundred/thousand/million等后不加-s；相反，则加-s，后面需跟介词of。thousands of表示“成千上万的”，表概数。
7．She shook________ head and told me that she was not satisfied with herself.
答案：her 句意：她摇了摇头，告诉我说她对自己(的表现)并不满意。shake one's head摇头。
8．When I answered the phone, I knew right________ the man had the wrong number.
答案：away right away立刻，马上。
9．He had finished his final essay(论文)________the end of last term, which made him graduate ahead of time.
答案：by by the end of...表示“在……底之前”，常与完成时连用。
10．The news that the president was hanged(绞死) ________(shock) everyone in that country.
答案：shocked 考查shock的用法。shock为及物动词，意为“使……震惊”；此处填shocked，为其过去式，作谓语；其主语为the news。
