课件11张PPT。1.7 有理数的混合运算 下列各式分别含有哪几种运算?结合小学学过的四则混合运算顺序,想一想下列各式应按怎样的顺序进行运算.(1)-3+[-5×(1-0.6)];(2)17-16÷(-2)3×3.议一议: 以上两个算式,含有有理数的加、减、乘、除、乘方多种运算,称为有理数的混合运算.(1)-3+[-5×(1-0.6)](2)17-16÷(-2)3×3①②③①②③有理数的混合运算顺序是:1.先乘方,再乘除,最后加减;2.有括号,先算括号内的:小括号大括号中括号 例1 计算:
(1) -3+[-5×(1-0.6)];
(2)17-16÷(-2)3×3. 举
例解(1) -3+[-5×(1-0.6)] = -3+[-5×0.4] 先计算小括号里面的数再计算中括号里面的数= -3+(-2) = -5;解(2) 17-16÷(-2)3×3= 17-16 ÷(-8)×3-2的三次方是3个(-2)相乘先算乘除再算加减= 17-(-6)= 23;= 17-(-2)×3 例2 计算: .解 = 81÷9-2 = 9-2 = 7. =(-3)4÷9+4×(-3)4÷[2-(-7)]+4×( - 1)先计算两个括号里的数(-3)4结果为正计算乘法依次计算举
例 例3 计算: .解举
例22-107325233710541练一练:有理数的运算顺序:
先算乘方,再算乘除,最后算加减;
如果有括号,就先进行括号里面的运算.1.7 有理数的混合运算
要点感知 有理数混合运算的顺序:(1)先算_____,再算_______,最后算______;(2)同级运算,从___到____进行;(3)如有括号,先做_______的运算,按____括号、____括号、_____括号依次进行.
预习练习1-1 计算-2÷3×时,应该先算____,再算_____,正确的结果为______.
1-2 计算 -32+5-8×(-2)时,应该先算____,再算______,最后算______.正确的结果为_______.
1-3 计算 2-[(1-8)×(-2)+(-10)]时,应该先算_______里,再算_______里,正确的结果为________.
1-4 计算:
(1)(-1)100×5+(-2)4÷4; (2)(-3+-)÷(-)2.
知识点1 有理数的混合运算
1.计算(-)×(+10)-10的结果正确的是( )
A.0 B.-8 C.-12 D.-
2.计算(-3)÷×3×(-)的结果是( )
A.1 B.9 C.-1 D.-
3.(2012·永州)若运用湘教版初中数学教材上使用的某种电子计算器进行计算,则按键
的结果为( )
A.16 B.33 C.37 D.36
4.计算:-2×32-(-2×3)2=( )
A.0 B.-54 C.-72 D.-18
5.(2013·苏州)按照下图所示的操作步骤,若输入x的值为2,则输出的值为_______.
输入x加上3平方减去5输出
6.计算:
(1)-10+8÷(-2)2-(-4)×(-3); (2)4×(-3)2-5×(-2)3+6;
(3)-14-×[2-(-3)2]; (4)(-3)2-(1)3×-6÷3.
知识点2 简便运算
7.计算:
(1)(-1)2 013-(--)×(-24); (2)(--+)÷(-)-23.
8.下列各式的计算中,计算结果得0的是( )
A.-22+(-2)2 B.-22-22 C.-22-(-2)2 D.(-2)2+22
9.设a=-2×42,b=-(2×4)2,c=-(2-4)2,则a,b,c的大小关系为( )
A.a10.在算式4-|-3Δ5|中的“Δ”所在的位置中,要使计算出来的值最小,则应填入的运算符号为( )
A.+ B.- C.× D.÷
11.根据如图所示的计算程序,若输入的值x=-2,则输出的值为( )
A.-7 B.-3 C.-5 D.5
12.计算:|-1|+(-2)2=,(-1)2-23=________.
13.计算:(-137)2÷(-)×0-=______.
14.计算:
(1)(-2)3×8-8×()3+8÷; (2)(-3)2-×5+×(-32);
(3)-23÷×(-)2-(-1)10; (4)(-2)4+[(-4)2-(3+32×2)];
(5)-×[(-)÷(0.75-1)+(-2)5].
15.煤矿井下A点的海拔为-174.8米,已知从A到B的水平距离是120米,每经过水平距离10米上升0.4米,已知B点在A点的上方.
(1)求B点的海拔;
(2)若C点海拔为-68.8米,每垂直升高10米用30秒,求从A点到C点所用的时间.
16.观察下面三行数:
2,-4,8,-16…①
-1,2,-4,8…②
3,-3,9,-15…③
(1)第①行数按什么规律排列?
(2)第②③行数与第①行数分别有什么关系?
(3)取每行数的第9个数,计算这三个数的和.
挑战自我
17.你玩过“24点”游戏吗?从“-2、-3、-4、3、5、6”中任选4个有理数,用运算符号或括号连接成一个算式,使这个算式的最后计算结果等于24或-24,请你写出一个算式.
参考答案
课前预习
要点感知 乘方 乘除 加减 左 右 括号内 小 中 大
预习练习1-1 除法 乘法 -
1-2乘方 乘法 加减 12
1-3小括号 中括号 -2
1-4(1)原式=1×5+16÷4=5+4=9.
(2)原式=(-3+-)÷=(-3+-)×36=18-108+30-21=-81.
当堂训练
1.C 2.B 3.B 4.B 5.20
6.(1)原式=-10+8÷4-12=-10+2-12=-20.
(2)原式=4×9-5×(-8)+6=36+40+6=82.
(3)原式=-1-×(2-9)=-1-×(-7)=-1+=.
(4)原式=9-×-6÷=9--6×=9-21=-12.
7.(1)原式=-1-(-3+4+10)=-1-11=-12.
(2)原式=(--+)×(-)-8=2+1-3-8=-8.
课后作业
8.A 9.B 10.C 11.D 12.5 -7 13.-35
14.(1)-1.
(2).
(3)-9.
(4)11.
(5)24.
15.(1)-174.8+0.4×12=-170(米).
(2)[-68.8-(-174.8)]÷10×30=318(秒).
16.(1)后面一个数是前面一个数乘以-2得到的.
(2)第②行每一个数是第①行每个数除以-2得到的;第③行每个数是第①行每个数加1得到的.
(3)2×+2×÷(-2)+2×+1=2×256+2×256÷(-2)+2×256+1=512-256+512+1=769.
17.如-4×6×(-2+3)=-24或3×5-(-3-6)=24.答案不唯一.
1.7有理数的混合运算
教学目标
1 通过适度的练习,掌握有理数的混合运算。
2 在运算过程中能合理的运用运算律简化运算。
重点难点
重点:有理数的混合运算 ,难点:符号的处理和顺序的确定。
教学过程
一 激情引趣,导入新课
1 怎样计算下列算式?(1); (2)
这些算式含有哪些运算?你认为运算顺序怎么样?
2 这些算式属于有理数加、减、乘、除、乘方混合运算,怎样进行加、减、乘、除、乘方运算呢?这节课我们来学习这个问题。
二 合作交流,探究新知
1 复习铺垫
说一说
(1)有理数加、减、乘、除、乘方的运算法则是什么?(2)有理数有哪些运算定律?
(3)小学学过的加减乘除四则混合运算顺序怎样?
2 同级别的混合运算
例1 计算:(1)-3.2+ , (2)
交流:
对于只含有加减的混合运算你有什么经验?对于只含有乘除的混合运算你有什么经验?
3 不同级别的混合运算
例2 计算:(1); (2)
交流:
对于不含括号的有理数混合运算,你认为运算顺序怎样?对于有括号的有理数混合运算顺序怎样?
4 适当运用运算定律
例3 计算:
三 课堂练习,巩固提高
1 计算:
(1), (2)
2 计算:
(1) , (2)4-
3 计算:
(1), (2)
(3)
四 冲刺奥赛,培养智力
例4 现定义两种新的运算:“○”、“▲”,对于任意的两个整数a、b,a○b=a+b+1,a▲b=ab-1
求4▲[(6○8) ○(3▲5)]的值。
练习:规定a※b=,求10※(2※4)的值。
五 反思小结,拓展升华 : 有理数混合运算的顺序是什么?
Module 3 Unit 2
Ⅰ. 根据句意及首字母或汉语提示完成单词(10分)
1. We have lunch in the dining h every day.
2. We often play football in the p after school.
3. —Where’s your English teacher?
—She is in her o .
4. —What’s thirty and fifty?
—It’s e .
5. I’m in front of Tom and he is b me.
6. She is standing in the (中间)of the classroom.
7. Let’s meet at the school (大门)tomorrow.
8. This tall (建筑物)is the science lab.
9. There are two (图书馆)in our school.
10. My home is (靠近)the bookshop.
Ⅱ. 单项选择(10分)
1. Alice is my right.
A. in B. on C. with D. next
2. The woman big eyes is Lucy’s aunt.
A. with B. in C. for D. and
3. —Where are your brothers?
— in the classroom now.
A. He is B. There are C. They are D. We are
4. He always sits the classroom, because he is short(矮).
A. in front of B. in the front of
C. at the front D. behind
5. —Where the computer?
— on the teacher’s desk.
A. is; Its B. are; They are
C. is; It’s D. are; It is
Ⅲ. 句型转换(10分)
1. The two cats are on the sofa(沙发). (对画线部分提问)
the two cats?
2. Jack is on my left and John is on my right. (改为同义句)
I’m Jack John.
3. The classroom building is next to the sports hall. (对画线部分提问)
next to the sports hall?
4. There is some fish on the plate. (改为一般疑问句, 并作否定回答)
— fish on the plate?
—No, .
5. your, computers, there, many, classroom, are, how, in(?)(连词成句)
?
Ⅳ. 补全对话(10分)
从方框中选择最佳选项完成对话。
A. They can play basketball, football and tennis there.
B. Are they behind the dining hall, too?
C. It’s in front of the dining hall.
D. They are next to the offices.
E. Where is the library?
A: Excuse me. 1
B: It’s behind the dining hall.
A: Where are the classrooms? 2?
B: No, they aren’t. 3?
A: And where is the gym?
B: 4 There are many students in it.
A: What can they do in it?
B: 5?
A: Thank you.
B: You’re welcome.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. ?
Ⅴ. 阅读理解(10分)
This is Hong Kong Middle School. It is very big and beautiful. There are 34 classes, 300 teachers and 3, 500 students in the school. In the middle of the school there is a tall building. It’s for us to have classes. All the classrooms are there. There are some small rooms, too. They are offices for the teachers to work. All the teachers get ready for their lessons there.
In front of the tall building, there is a small one. It is the library. There are many books there. The teachers and the students like to read books in it. Sometimes they borrow(借)books from it.
There is a dining hall behind the tall building. Some of the students have lunch in it.
I like my new school very much.
1. The Hong Kong Middle School is .
A. small B. big C. beautiful D. B and C
2. How many students are there in this school?
A. 3, 200. B. 3, 500. C. 3, 800. D. 4, 000.
3. The tall building in this school is for students to .
A. read books B. play games
C. have classes D. have lunch
4. Students can borrow books from .
A. the classrooms B. the library
C. the dining hall D. the offices
5. The dining hall is the tall building.
A. behind B. in front of
C. in the front of D. next to
答案解析
Ⅰ. 答案: 1. hall 2. playground 3. office 4. eighty
5. behind 6. middle 7. gate 8. building 9. libraries 10. near
Ⅱ. 答案: 1~5. BACBC
Ⅲ. 答案: 1. Where are 2. between; and
3. What is 4. Is there any; there isn’t
5. How many computers are there in your classroom?
Ⅳ. 答案: 1~5. EBDCA
Ⅴ. 答案: 1~5. DBCBA