福州八中2023-2024学年第一学期期末考试
高二英语
考试时间：120分钟 试卷满分：150分
第I卷（满分100分）
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. How much should the man pay
A. $94. B. $95. C. $100.
2. What are the speakers talking about
A. Their father. B. The speech topic. C. Their business plan.
3. What will the man do next
A. Push the car. B. Replace the batteries. C. Sit in the driving seat.
4. What does Frank prefer to do
A. Stay with friends. B. Watch a match on TV. C. Play basketball.
5. Why didn’t Eric want to sunbathe during the holiday
A. He had to carry a heavy tyre.
B. He was afraid of being laughed at.
C. He had forgotten to take his swimsuit.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What is the probable relationship between the speakers
A. Brother and sister. B. Father and daughter. C. Mother and son.
7. How will the speakers celebrate Father’s Day
A. By making a nice jacket.
B. By holding a surprise party.
C. By creating a handmade book.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8. Why does the woman come here
A. To attend a birthday party. B. To have a business talk. C. To meet some friends.
9. Who is the woman looking for
A. A man wearing a suit and tie, with his wife.
B. A man wearing a T-shirt and jeans, with his wife.
C. A woman wearing a T-shirt and jeans, with her friends.
10. Where does the conversation probably take place
A. In a cafe. B. In a theatre. C. In a gift shop.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11. What does Joe probably prefer to read
A. Poems. B. Horror fiction. C. Science books.
12. What does Jane think of Stray Birds
A. Interesting. B. Boring. C. Meaningful.
13. What day is it today
A Wednesday. B. Thursday. C. Saturday.
听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。
14. What is probably the woman
A. A reporter. B. A hostess. C. A writer.
15. Where was Herbert Wilde born
A. In Switzerland. B. In Italy. C. In Britain.
16. What is Herbert Wilde eager to get now
A. Fame. B. Freedom. C. Inspiration.
17. What does the woman expect Herbert Wilde to do
A. Be brave to follow his heart.
B. Enjoy the quietness in the countryside.
C. Manage to keep his work-life balance.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18. Why does Jacob Heil decide to climb the highest mountains in the world
A. To raise awareness of cancer.
B. To challenge himself.
C. To win a reward.
19. What worries Jacob most about climbing Mount Kilimanjaro
A. His physical health.
B. The unexpected challenges.
C. The height of the mountain.
20. What is Jacob like
A. Serious. B. Determined. C. Creative.
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Donna Strickland is a professor in the Department of Physics and Astronomy, Professor Strickland is one of the recipients (接受者) of the Nobel Prize in Physics 2018 with Gérard Mourou, her PhD teacher at the time. They published this Nobel-winning research in 1985 when Strickland was a PhD student at the University of Rochester in New York state, Together they paved the way toward the most intense laser pulses ever created.
Professor Donna Strickland is only the third woman ever to have won the Nobel Prize in Physics. She and her fellow winners were honored for what the Nobel Committee called groundbreaking inventions in laser physics. Professor Strickland found a way to use lasers as very precise drilling or cutting tools. Millions of eye operations are performed every year with these sharpest laser beams.
“How surprising do you think it is that you’re the third woman to win this prize ”
“Well, that is surprising, isn’t it I think that’s the story of Maria that people want to talk about — that why should it take 60 years There are so many women out there doing fantastic research, so why does it take so long to get recognized ”
Physics still has one of the largest gender (性别) gaps in science. One recent study concluded that at the current rate it would be more than two centuries until there were equal numbers of senior male and female researchers in the field.
The last woman to win the Nobel Prize in Physics was German-born Maria Goeppert Mayer for her discoveries about the nuclei of atoms. Before that it was Marie Curie, who shared the 1903 prize with her husband, Pierre. This year’s winners hope that breaking this decades of hiatus (间断) will mean the focus in the future will be on the research, rather than the gender of the researcher.
1. Which of the following best explains the underlined word “groundbreaking” in Paragraph 2
A. innovative. B. contradictory. C. concrete. D. consistent.
2. What do we know about Professor Strickland
A. The big award arrived at her when she was a PhD student.
B. The fruit of her work contributed to many eye operations.
C She held it that Maria had been talked about for too long.
D. She discovered the nuclei of atoms with a German scientist.
3. When did the second woman winning the Nobel Prize in Physics win the honor
A. In 1903. B. In 1963. C. In 1958. D. In 1985.
4. What can be inferred from the statements in Paragraph 4
A. Women’s achievements in physics are as great as men’s.
B. Women’s achievements in physics are more and more fantastic.
C. Maria’s discoveries resulted from her long time research.
D. Gender inequality still exists in the field of science research.
5. Where is the text most probably taken from
A. A degree paper. B. A newspaper. C. A textbook. D. A guidebook.
B
I’m a student in my fourth year of a biomedical science degree at Robert Gordon University in Aberdeen, but I also work 38 hours a week at Sainsbury’s to make ends meet. I do three night shifts a week, plus overtime if I can get it. Monday is the most occupied day for me — I work from 10 pm until 8 am on Saturday and Sunday nights, earning just over 100 a night, and then I have to be at my first lecture at 9 am on Monday. By the time I finish lectures, at 2 pm, I’m exhausted, but I know I have to be back at work by 10 pm.
I constantly have to force myself to stay awake, and to be alert whatever it takes. A packet of Skittles and a Red Bull usually helps. The work I do at Sainsbury’s is very physical like stacking shelves. I’m lucky because I’m an active person and the amount I lift at work is nothing compared with the weights I lift in the gym. I know I have the strength to bear it.
I’m originally from Nigeria. I came here when I was seven, growing up in Croydon, south London. Money was tight. My parents gave me everything I needed, but there was no money to spend on luxuries. I worked hard at school though and, with the help of GT Scholars, I got some of the best A-level grades in my class.
Unfortunately, though I had applied for “settled” British residential status when very young, the Home Office waited until I was in sixth form to approve my application. That meant I wasn’t eligible for a student loan. The only way I could afford to go to university was that if I got a job that would pay for all my living costs and my parents, who work in market research, paid for my tuition fees. In Scotland, that’s about 7,000 a year.
I don’t have much time to socialize because of my job. Ideally, I would also like to have more time to study so I can excel at my course. Yes, I have a lot on my plate, but working hard isn’t new to me. Growing up, my parents and my mentors in the church and at GT Scholars cultivated in me the importance of working hard for what I want in life.
My dream is to do an MA in physiotherapy next year and then get a job working for the NHS. But right now, I’m just focused on trying to get the best grades I can. Whenever I find life hard, I tell myself this is about my future. I don’t need much, but I would like to worry less about money and have more free time. That is what I look forward to the most.
6. Why does the author work long hours and sometimes overtime every week
A. To help his parents pay off the debts.
B. To pay for his tuition fees.
C. To prove his ability to earn money.
D. To pay for his own living expenses.
7. Why does the author mention “Skittles and a Red Bull” in paragraph 2
A. To stress his awkward situation. B. To excuse himself of being sleepy.
C. To highlight his intense schedule. D. To showcase his tough will.
8. The underlined word “eligible” in the passage can be replaced by ________.
A. responsible B. initial C. qualified D. overwhelming
9. According to the passage, which of the following words can NOT be used to describe the author
A. Ambitious B. Diligent. C. Sociable D. Persistent.
10. Which of the following proverbs can best summarize the passage
A. Actions speak louder than words.
B. God helps those who help themselves.
C. A penny saved is a penny earned.
D. Where there is life, there is hope.
C
Turning soil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids. And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts a school garden program at four low-income schools. The program aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles.
Jaramillo’s students live in neighborhoods where fresh food and green space are not easy to find and fast food restaurants outnumber grocery stores. “The kids literally come to school with bags of snacks and large bottles of soft drinks,” she says. “They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new.
Urban Sprouts’ classes at two middle schools and two high schools, include hands-on experiments such as soil testing, flower-and-seed dissection, tastings of fresh or dried produce, and work in the garden. Several times a year, students cook the vegetables they grow, and they occasionally make salads for their entire schools.
Program evaluations show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes. “We have students who say they went home and talked to their parents and now they’re eating differently,” Jaramillo says.
She adds that the program’s benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. “They get outside,” she says, “and they feel successful.”
11. What do we know about Abby Jaramillo
A. She used to be a health worker.
B. She grew up in a low-income family.
C. She is an initiator of Urban Sprouts.
D. She owns a fast food restaurant.
12. Which of the following might be the most important motivation to start the program
A. To provide more fresh food and green space.
B. To boost more grocery stores than restaurants.
C. To replace bags of snacks with soft drinks.
D. To shift some kids’ opinion towards insects.
13. What was a problem facing Jaramillo at the start of the program
A. The kids’ parents distrusted her.
B. Some kids disliked garden work.
C. Students had little time for her classes.
D. There was no space for school gardens.
14. Which of the following best describes the impact of the program
A. Predictable. B. Unidentifiable. C. Short-lived. D. Far-reaching.
15. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. Growing Vegetable Lovers B. Experiencing Country Life
C. Rescuing School Gardens D. Changing Local Landscape
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
How to make a string drip system (滴灌系统) to water your plants
You’re all packed and ready for your vacation. ____16____ We’ll help you leave all your worries behind with simple ways to water plants while away. Whether your plants are indoors or outdoors, we’ve got them covered.
Place a jug (罐) filled with one gallon of water next to your plants. Position the jug where it is out of direct sunlight so the water won’t evaporate (蒸发) too quickly. Don’t fill the jug with water yet. ____17____ If you’re only going for a few days and have a small plant, a mason jar will be big enough to keep it watered.
Cut a long piece of cotton or nylon string. Measuring isn’t necessary, but make sure the string is long enough to reach from the jug to the base of your plants. Cut one piece of string for each of your plants. If you have a lot of pieces of string, tie a paperclip (回形针) on each piece to keep them separated. ____18____ If it can’t, this method won’t work.
____19____ Lower the string until the end of the string touches the bottom. This way, you won’t run into the risk of the jug running out of water while you are away. If you tie paperclips on your string, drop the paperclips into the water to hold the end of the string down.
Push the other end of the string about three inches into the soil. ____20____ Partial sun is fine, but if there is too much sunlight, the string will dry out before it can get the water to the plants.
Position the mouth of the jug above the top of the plant. If your jug isn’t high enough, place it on a shelf, upturned pot, or a large book. Gravity will pull water from the jug down into your plants’ soil.
A. But what about your plants
B. The string must be able to hold water.
C. Place one end of the string inside the jug.
D. Make sure the string is out of direct sunlight.
E. The plants prefer direct sunlight to being indoors.
F. Generally, a gallon of water will keep your plants watered for about a week.
G. Place your plants indoors or outdoors, depending on what works best for you.
第三部分 课内语言知识运用（共两节，满分15分）
第一节 根据课文内容，完成句子（共10小题，每空格一词，每词1分）。
21. 就像口头语言一样，身势语因文化而异。关键是使用身势语的方式要与你所处的文化相适应。
Just like spoken language, body language ________ from culture to culture. The crucial thing is using body language in a way that is ________ to the culture you are in.
22. 据估算，现在中国国内消费的稻米有大约60%来自袁隆平的杂交水稻品种形成的作物。
Today, it is ________ that about 60 percent of ________ rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan’s hybrid strains.
23. 他对艺术的深刻鉴赏力经常给他科学研究带来灵感。
His deep ________ for art often gave him ________ in his scientific research.
24. 总而言之，出国留学有助于塑造人格，增加人们对文化多样性的了解，同时增强中国的实力，为大家打造一个共同的未来。
All in all, studying abroad helps to build character and increase people’s understanding of ________ diversity while ________ China and building a shared future for all.
25. 除此以外，为了保持身体健康，你还可以食用不同种类的新鲜食物，尤其是富含维生素和纤维素的水果和蔬菜，而不是加工食品。
Beyond this you can keep healthy by ________ different categories of fresh foods, especially fruit and vegetables, which are full of vitamins and fibre, rather than ________ foods.
第二节 根据语境，选择下框中的短语，必要时用正确的形式填空。框中有两个为多余的短语。（共5小题，每题1分）
选词填空
be exposed to; consist of; subscribe to; keep… free of; be occupied with; be to blame; break down
26. Some social app companies __________ because they didn’t check their users’ registration.
27. Fully __________ the research work, she couldn’t spend most of her spare time with her children.
28. A medical team __________ experts and medical staff arrived at the scene shortly after the earthquake.
29. To stay healthy, it is suggested that we __________ ourselves __________ tobacco and alcohol.
30. __________ strong sunlight will do harm to your skin.
第四部分 语言知识运用（满分15分）
第一节 完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Back in 1930, one economist predicted that with technological change and improvements in productivity, we’d only be working 15 hours a week by now. But while working hours have ____31____ by 26%, most of us still average 42.5 hours a week. One of the things he underestimated is the human desire to ____32____ with our peers.
So when some predicted that automation would create an extra amount of ____33____ time, needless to say, that didn’t happen. In the 1980s, managers could demand employees under the ____34____ that jobs could be given to someone else thanks to computerization. The ____35____ piled on. Overwork has been proven to ____36____ many diseases and even death. ____37____we carried on — until COVID-19 came along.
Besides making us work longer hours from home, COVID-19 bas also ____38____ the move towards the adoption of automated machine. By 2050, some professor predicts that at least 40% of current jobs will be lost to ____39____.
There are ____40____. Jobs that involve complex social interactions are all likely to ____41____ the AI revolution. As are jobs that rely on creativity. The same also goes for____42____ jobs, due to the large number of different objects and the variety of ways those objects need to be cleaned. Also, robots are unlikely to ____43____ in the “work” of taking care of children, preparing lunchboxes, etc.
Those whose work falls outside the caring, cleaning or creative field will still work in future, just ____44____. In about 60% of occupations, a third of the tasks can be automated, meaning changes to the way we work. One study has predicted that over the next 20 years, 7.2 million new jobs will be ____45____ as a result. So we will work in future: we just don’t know what we’ll be doing yet.
31. A. declined B. increased C. continued D. kept
32. A. disagree B. compete C. cooperate D. identify
33. A. working B. tough C. leisure D. active
34. A. fantasy B. influence C. threat D. impression
35. A. joy B. cash C. ambition D. pressure
36. A. attend to B. lead to C. appeal to D. add to
37. A. Otherwise B. Still C. Furthermore D. Therefore
38. A. speeded up B. followed up C. prepared for D. planned for
39. A. overwork B. labour C. automation D. science
40. A. dreams B. models C. expectations D. exceptions
41. A. cause B. cease C. survive D. undergo
42. A. caring B. cleaning C. curing D. coaching
43. A. assist B. exist C. believe D. understand
44. A. hardly B. differently C. unfortunately D. probably
45. A. lost B. recovered C. substituted D. created
第II卷（满分50分）
第五部分（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Zhang Guimei who has dedicated her 40 years to education at China’s southwestern border, ____46____ (be) a “mother” for more than. 170 children and a principal motivating young girls from impoverished families in ____47____ (mountain) areas.
Teaching at a middle school in Huaping county, she saw many girls drop ____48____ of school due to poverty. She realized that an educated female is able to cut the intergenerational ____49____ (transmit) of poverty and change the future of three generations. In 2002, Zhang started her preparation to build a free all-girls high school, in hope of changing the destiny of the girls in the mountain ____50____ lifting them out of poverty.
In 2007, Zhang went to Beijing for the 17th Communist Party of China (CPC) National Congress as a deputy. Her report, ____51____ title was “I have a dream” made her dream of building a free all girls high school known to all. Later, ____52____ (sponsor) by both the Lijiang and Huaping governments, Zhang’s school was completed.
The school, ____53____ (bear) to fight against poverty, is a shelter for a number of girls in that area. During the past 13 years, the school has nurtured over 1,800 students who have made it ____54____ universities.
Zhang suffers from 23 diseases, but she is still working selflessly. She gets up at 5:00 am and is always the first one among all the staff ____55____ (arrive) at school. Zhang has made over 1,600 family visits annually for the past 12 years.
第六部分 写作（满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
56. 假设你是李华，是学校英语报的记者。你们学校食堂和学生会近期联合举办了主题为“饮食与健康”的一系列活动，请就此次活动写一篇英文报道。主要内容：1. 活动目的；2. 活动内容（二个以上）；3. 活动反响。
注意：
1. 词数：80左右；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Peter,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节（满分25分）
57. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
A Precious Dress
I was raised in a family where my parents were united in their way of bringing up children, but it mostly fell to my mother to actually carry it out, and she managed the family budget effortlessly. Looking back, I honestly think I would be a different person if my mum hadn’t turned a dress into a life lesson I carry with me today.
If we complained about not having what another kid did, we’d hear something like I don’t care what so-and-so got for his birthday, you are not getting a car for your birthday or a lavish sweet-16 party. We had to earn our allowance (零用钱) by doing chores around the house. My brothers can no doubt remember hours spent cleaning the house. I can still remember how long it took to polish the legs of our dining table. Sometimes, I couldn’t even contain my envy of Chloe, a neighbourhood girl, always beautifully dressed, whose parents satisfied her with almost every need.
One day, my mother drove me downtown to buy some household necessities-and there it was in the shopping window. Pink, lovely, delicately trimmed (镶嵌着) with lace, the dress winked (眨眼) at me and I knew I had to have it. “It’s beautiful, ” my mother said when I pointed it out to her. “What a beautiful dress! ”
I tried to hide my desire at first. But then I guess I couldn’t stand it any longer. “Mum, please get it I’ll do anything, but I need that dress. I love it. Please ”
I was desperate.
“You know,” she said, gently rubbing my back, “if you save up, you could buy this yourself.”
“By the time I make enough, it’ll be sold!”
“There might be a way,” she said.
And so our paying plan unfolded. Mum bought the dress and put it safely in some hiding place where I couldn’t find. Each week I eagerly counted my growing savings increased by extra work. Weeks later, I counted and jumped for joy. Oh, I made it! I finally had the exact amount we’d agreed on Having put on my dress, I flew to school like a bird. However, the unthinkable happened.
The moment I arrived at the school gate, Chloe appeared in exactly the same dress.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Hearing me crying loudly, Mum gently pushed open the door.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
1-5 ABACB 6-10 ACBBA 11-15 CAABB 16-20 BCACB福州八中2023-2024学年第一学期期末考试
高二英语
考试时间：120分钟 试卷满分：150分
第I卷（满分100分）
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. How much should the man pay
A. $94. B. $95. C. $100.
2. What are the speakers talking about
A. Their father. B. The speech topic. C. Their business plan.
3. What will the man do next
A. Push the car. B. Replace the batteries. C. Sit in the driving seat.
4. What does Frank prefer to do
A. Stay with friends. B. Watch a match on TV. C. Play basketball.
5. Why didn’t Eric want to sunbathe during the holiday
A. He had to carry a heavy tyre.
B. He was afraid of being laughed at.
C. He had forgotten to take his swimsuit.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What is the probable relationship between the speakers
A. Brother and sister. B. Father and daughter. C. Mother and son.
7. How will the speakers celebrate Father’s Day
A. By making a nice jacket.
B. By holding a surprise party.
C. By creating a handmade book.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8. Why does the woman come here
A. To attend a birthday party. B. To have a business talk. C. To meet some friends.
9. Who is the woman looking for
A. A man wearing a suit and tie, with his wife.
B. A man wearing a T-shirt and jeans, with his wife.
C. A woman wearing a T-shirt and jeans, with her friends.
10. Where does the conversation probably take place
A. In a cafe. B. In a theatre. C. In a gift shop.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11. What does Joe probably prefer to read
A. Poems. B. Horror fiction. C. Science books.
12. What does Jane think of Stray Birds
A. Interesting. B. Boring. C. Meaningful.
13. What day is it today
A. Wednesday. B. Thursday. C. Saturday.
听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。
14 What is probably the woman
A. A reporter. B. A hostess. C. A writer.
15. Where was Herbert Wilde born
A. In Switzerland. B. In Italy. C. In Britain.
16. What is Herbert Wilde eager to get now
A. Fame. B. Freedom. C. Inspiration.
17. What does the woman expect Herbert Wilde to do
A. Be brave to follow his heart.
B. Enjoy the quietness in the countryside.
C. Manage to keep his work-life balance.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18. Why does Jacob Heil decide to climb the highest mountains in the world
A. To raise awareness of cancer.
B. To challenge himself.
C. To win a reward.
19. What worries Jacob most about climbing Mount Kilimanjaro
A. His physical health.
B. The unexpected challenges.
C. The height of the mountain.
20. What is Jacob like
A. Serious. B. Determined. C. Creative.
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Donna Strickland is a professor in the Department of Physics and Astronomy, Professor Strickland is one of the recipients (接受者) of the Nobel Prize in Physics 2018 with Gérard Mourou, her PhD teacher at the time. They published this Nobel-winning research in 1985 when Strickland was a PhD student at the University of Rochester in New York state, Together they paved the way toward the most intense laser pulses ever created.
Professor Donna Strickland is only the third woman ever to have won the Nobel Prize in Physics. She and her fellow winners were honored for what the Nobel Committee called groundbreaking inventions in laser physics. Professor Strickland found a way to use lasers as very precise drilling or cutting tools. Millions of eye operations are performed every year with these sharpest laser beams.
“How surprising do you think it is that you’re the third woman to win this prize ”
“Well, that is surprising, isn’t it I think that’s the story of Maria that people want to talk about — that why should it take 60 years There are so many women out there doing fantastic research, so why does it take so long to get recognized ”
Physics still has one of the largest gender (性别) gaps in science. One recent study concluded that at the current rate it would be more than two centuries until there were equal numbers of senior male and female researchers in the field.
The last woman to win the Nobel Prize in Physics was German-born Maria Goeppert Mayer for her discoveries about the nuclei of atoms. Before that it was Marie Curie, who shared the 1903 prize with her husband, Pierre. This year’s winners hope that breaking this decades of hiatus (间断) will mean the focus in the future will be on the research, rather than the gender of the researcher.
1. Which of the following best explains the underlined word “groundbreaking” in Paragraph 2
A. innovative. B. contradictory. C. concrete. D. consistent.
2. What do we know about Professor Strickland
A. The big award arrived at her when she was a PhD student.
B. The fruit of her work contributed to many eye operations.
C. She held it that Maria had been talked about for too long.
D. She discovered the nuclei of atoms with a German scientist.
3. When did the second woman winning the Nobel Prize in Physics win the honor
A. In 1903. B. In 1963. C. In 1958. D. In 1985.
4. What can be inferred from the statements in Paragraph 4
A. Women’s achievements in physics are as great as men’s.
B. Women’s achievements in physics are more and more fantastic.
C. Maria’s discoveries resulted from her long time research.
D. Gender inequality still exists in the field of science research.
5. Where is the text most probably taken from
A. A degree paper. B. A newspaper. C. A textbook. D. A guidebook.
【答案】1. A 2. B 3. C 4. D 5. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了Donna Strickland德教授是2018年诺贝尔物理学奖的获得者之一，她是第三个获得诺贝尔物理学奖的女性。
【1题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第二段中“Professor Donna Strickland is only the third woman ever to have won the Nobel Prize in Physics. (唐娜·斯特里克兰教授是第三位获得诺贝尔物理学奖的女性)”以及“Professor Strickland found a way to use lasers as very precise drilling or cutting tools. (斯特里克兰教授发现了一种将激光用作非常精确的钻孔或切割工具的方法)”可知，获得诺贝尔奖说明是具有创新性的发明。所以划线词意思是“创新的”。故选A。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“Millions of eye operations are performed every year with these sharpest laser beams.(每年用这些最锋利的激光束进行数百万次眼科手术)”可知，Strickland教授的工作成果促成了许多眼科手术。故选B。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“Donna Strickland is a professor in the Department of Physics and Astronomy, Professor Strickland is one of the recipients (接受者) of the Nobel Prize in Physics 2018 with Gérard Mourou, her PhD teacher at the time.(Donna Strickland是物理和天文系的教授，Strickland教授与当时的博士老师Gérard Mourou一起获得了2018年诺贝尔物理学奖)”可知，斯特里克兰德教授获得了2018年诺贝尔物理学奖；结合第四段中“ I think that’s the story of Maria that people want to talk about — that why should it take 60 years (我想这就是人们想谈论的玛丽亚的故事——为什么要花60年的时间？)”和最后一段中“The last woman to win the Nobel Prize in Physics was German-born Maria Goeppert Mayer for her discoveries about the nuclei of atoms. Before that it was Marie Curie, who shared the 1903 prize with her husband, Pierre. ( 最后一位获得诺贝尔物理学奖的女性是德国出生的Maria Goeppert Mayer，因为她对原子核的发现。在此之前，Marie Curie与丈夫Pierre共同获得1903年诺贝尔物理学奖)”可知，第二个诺贝尔物理学奖是在1958年授予女性的。故选C。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Physics still has one of the largest gender (性别) gaps in science. One recent study concluded that at the current rate it would be more than two centuries until there were equal numbers of senior male and female researchers in the field.(物理学仍然是科学领域性别差距最大的学科之一。最近的一项研究得出结论，按照目前的速度，需要两个多世纪才能在该领域出现同等数量的高级男女研究人员)”可推知，性别歧视在科学研究领域仍然存在。故选D。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Donna Strickland is a professor in the Department of Physics and Astronomy, Professor Strickland is one of the recipients (接受者) of the Nobel Prize in Physics 2018 with Gérard Mourou, her PhD teacher at the time. (Donna Strickland是物理和天文系的教授，Strickland教授与当时的博士老师Gérard Mourou一起获得了2018年诺贝尔物理学奖)”以及全文可知，文章主要介绍了Donna Strickland教授是2018年诺贝尔物理学奖的获得者之一，她是第三个获得诺贝尔物理学奖的女性。所以这篇文章最有可能出自报纸。故选B。
B
I’m a student in my fourth year of a biomedical science degree at Robert Gordon University in Aberdeen, but I also work 38 hours a week at Sainsbury’s to make ends meet. I do three night shifts a week, plus overtime if I can get it. Monday is the most occupied day for me — I work from 10 pm until 8 am on Saturday and Sunday nights, earning just over 100 a night, and then I have to be at my first lecture at 9 am on Monday. By the time I finish lectures, at 2 pm, I’m exhausted, but I know I have to be back at work by 10 pm.
I constantly have to force myself to stay awake, and to be alert whatever it takes. A packet of Skittles and a Red Bull usually helps. The work I do at Sainsbury’s is very physical like stacking shelves. I’m lucky because I’m an active person and the amount I lift at work is nothing compared with the weights I lift in the gym. I know I have the strength to bear it.
I’m originally from Nigeria. I came here when I was seven, growing up in Croydon, south London. Money was tight. My parents gave me everything I needed, but there was no money to spend on luxuries. I worked hard at school though and, with the help of GT Scholars, I got some of the best A-level grades in my class.
Unfortunately, though I had applied for “settled” British residential status when very young, the Home Office waited until I was in sixth form to approve my application. That meant I wasn’t eligible for a student loan. The only way I could afford to go to university was that if I got a job that would pay for all my living costs and my parents, who work in market research, paid for my tuition fees. In Scotland, that’s about 7,000 a year.
I don’t have much time to socialize because of my job. Ideally, I would also like to have more time to study so I can excel at my course. Yes, I have a lot on my plate, but working hard isn’t new to me. Growing up, my parents and my mentors in the church and at GT Scholars cultivated in me the importance of working hard for what I want in life.
My dream is to do an MA in physiotherapy next year and then get a job working for the NHS. But right now, I’m just focused on trying to get the best grades I can. Whenever I find life hard, I tell myself this is about my future. I don’t need much, but I would like to worry less about money and have more free time. That is what I look forward to the most.
6. Why does the author work long hours and sometimes overtime every week
A. To help his parents pay off the debts.
B. To pay for his tuition fees.
C. To prove his ability to earn money.
D. To pay for his own living expenses.
7. Why does the author mention “Skittles and a Red Bull” in paragraph 2
A. To stress his awkward situation. B. To excuse himself of being sleepy.
C. To highlight his intense schedule. D. To showcase his tough will.
8. The underlined word “eligible” in the passage can be replaced by ________.
A. responsible B. initial C. qualified D. overwhelming
9. According to the passage, which of the following words can NOT be used to describe the author
A. Ambitious B. Diligent. C. Sociable D. Persistent.
10. Which of the following proverbs can best summarize the passage
A. Actions speak louder than words.
B. God helps those who help themselves.
C. A penny saved is a penny earned.
D. Where there is life, there is hope.
【答案】6. D 7. D 8. C 9. C 10. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者自己的故事。作者一边上学一边工作以支付生活费，这种生活很辛苦，但作者跟自己说这是为了自己的未来。作者现在最期待的是不需要很多钱，但不想太担心钱，希望有更多的空闲时间。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中“The only way I could afford to go to university was that if I got a job that would pay for all my living costs and my parents, who work in market research, paid for my tuition fees.(我能上得起大学的唯一办法就是找到一份能支付我所有生活费用的工作，而我从事市场研究的父母会为我支付学费。) ”可知，作者之所以每周工作很长时间，有时甚至加班，是为了支付自己上大学的生活费。故选D。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中“I do three night shifts a week, plus overtime if I can get it. Monday is the most occupied day for me — I work from 10 pm until 8 am on Saturday and Sunday nights, earning just over 100 a night, and then I have to be at my first lecture at 9 am on Monday. By the time I finish lectures, at 2 pm, I’m exhausted, but I know I have to be back at work by 10 pm.(我每周上三个夜班，如果可以的话还可以加班。周一对我来说是最忙的一天——周六和周日晚上我从晚上10点工作到早上8点，每晚挣100多英镑，然后我必须在周一早上9点开始我的第一节课。当我下午2点上完课的时候，我已经筋疲力尽了，但我知道我必须在晚上10点之前回去工作。)”以及第二段中“I constantly have to force myself to stay awake, and to be alert whatever it takes. A packet of Skittles and a Red Bull usually helps.(我必须不断地强迫自己保持清醒，无论如何都要保持警觉。一包彩虹糖和一瓶红牛通常会有帮助。)”可知，作者一边上学一边工作，甚至还要加班，非常疲惫，为了能够让自己保持清醒和警觉会吃彩虹糖和喝瓶红牛；由此可知，作者提到了彩虹糖和红牛是为了展示他坚强的意志。故选D。
【8题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第四段中划线词上文“Unfortunately, though I had applied for “settled” British residential status when very young, the Home Office waited until I was in sixth form to approve my application.(不幸的是，尽管我在很小的时候就申请了‘定居’英国居民身份，但英国内政部一直等到我上六年级才批准我的申请。)”可知，作者在很小的时候就申请了‘定居’英国居民身份，但英国内政部一直等到作者上六年级才批准申请；结合下文“The only way I could afford to go to university was that if I got a job that would pay for all my living costs and my parents, who work in market research, paid for my tuition fees.(这意味着我没有资格申请学生贷款。我能上得起大学的唯一办法就是找到一份能支付我所有生活费用的工作，而我从事市场研究的父母会为我支付学费。)”以及划线词后的“for a student loan”可知英国内政部一直等到作者上六年级才批准申请使作者没有资格申请贷款，只能自己赚取生活费；由此猜测划线词eligible的意思是“合格的，有资格的”，与qualified意思一致。故选C。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段第一句“I don’t have much time to socialize because of my job. (因为工作的关系，我没有太多时间参加社交活动。)”可知，因为工作的关系，作者没有太多的时间社交；由此推知，C选项“Sociable (好交际的)”这个词不能用来描述作者。故选C。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章内容，尤其是倒数第二段中“Yes, I have a lot on my plate, but working hard isn’t new to me. Growing up, my parents and my mentors in the church and at GT Scholars cultivated in me the importance of working hard for what I want in life.(是的，我有很多事要做，但努力工作对我来说并不新鲜。在我成长的过程中，我的父母和我在教会和GT学者的导师们培养了我为我想要的生活努力工作的重要性。)”以及最后一段“My dream is to do an MA in physiotherapy next year and then get a job working for the NHS. But right now, I’m just focused on trying to get the best grades I can. Whenever I find life hard, I tell myself this is about my future. I don’t need much, but I would like to worry less about money and have more free time. That is what I look forward to the most.(我的梦想是明年拿到理疗硕士学位，然后在英国国民保健服务体系找到一份工作。但现在，我只想尽力取得最好的成绩。每当我觉得生活艰难时，我就告诉自己这关乎我的未来。我不需要太多，但我想少担心钱，有更多的空闲时间。这是我最期待的。)”可知，作者讲述自己作为一名大学生靠着自己的勤工俭学努力学习的故事，作者为了支付自己的生活费每周工作很长时间，有时甚至加班，为实现自己的目标而努力，每当生活艰难时，都会告诉自己这关乎自己的未来；由此推知，B选项“God helps those who help themselves.(自助者天助)”是对这篇文章的最好概括。故选B。
C
Turning soil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids. And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts a school garden program at four low-income schools. The program aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles.
Jaramillo’s students live in neighborhoods where fresh food and green space are not easy to find and fast food restaurants outnumber grocery stores. “The kids literally come to school with bags of snacks and large bottles of soft drinks,” she says. “They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new.
Urban Sprouts’ classes, at two middle schools and two high schools, include hands-on experiments such as soil testing, flower-and-seed dissection, tastings of fresh or dried produce, and work in the garden. Several times a year, students cook the vegetables they grow, and they occasionally make salads for their entire schools.
Program evaluations show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes. “We have students who say they went home and talked to their parents and now they’re eating differently,” Jaramillo says.
She adds that the program’s benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. “They get outside,” she says, “and they feel successful.”
11. What do we know about Abby Jaramillo
A. She used to be a health worker.
B. She grew up in a low-income family.
C. She is an initiator of Urban Sprouts.
D. She owns a fast food restaurant.
12. Which of the following might be the most important motivation to start the program
A. To provide more fresh food and green space.
B. To boost more grocery stores than restaurants.
C. To replace bags of snacks with soft drinks.
D. To shift some kids’ opinion towards insects.
13. What was a problem facing Jaramillo at the start of the program
A. The kids’ parents distrusted her.
B. Some kids disliked garden work.
C. Students had little time for her classes.
D. There was no space for school gardens.
14. Which of the following best describes the impact of the program
A. Predictable. B. Unidentifiable. C. Short-lived. D. Far-reaching.
15. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. Growing Vegetable Lovers B. Experiencing Country Life
C. Rescuing School Gardens D. Changing Local Landscape
【答案】11. C 12. A 13. B 14. D 15. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Abby Jaramillo等老师在低收入学校发起的培养学生科学能力，环保意识以及健康生活方式的Urban Sprouts花园项目，让学生种植蔬菜，对学生影响深远。
【11题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段的“And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts a school garden program at four low-income schools.(Abby Jaramillo说，一开始是这样，她和另一位老师在四所低收入学校启动了“城市萌芽”学校花园项目)”可知，Abby Jaramillo是Urban Sprouts的发起者。故选C。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“Jaramillo’s students live in neighborhoods where fresh food and green space are not easy to find and fast food restaurants outnumber grocery stores. “The kids literally come to school with bags of snacks and large bottles of soft drinks,” she says. (Jaramillo的学生生活在新鲜食物和绿地不易找到的社区，快餐店的数量超过了杂货店。她说：“孩子们带着一袋袋零食和一大瓶软饮料来学校。”)”可知，Jaramillo’s 的学生们居住在新鲜食物和绿地缺乏的地区，孩子们平时没有足够的蔬菜，也没有接触过种植蔬菜的过程。由此可推知，开展这个项目的最重要的动机是给孩子们提供更多的新鲜食物和绿地。故选A。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段的““They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new.(“他们来找我们，认为蔬菜很可怕，泥土很可怕，昆虫很可怕。”尽管有些人最初害怕昆虫，被泥土拒之门外，但大多数人都渴望尝试新的东西)”可知，孩子们起初认为蔬菜可怕，昆虫可怕，不想去接触绿地和种植蔬菜。由此可知，项目之初一些学生不喜欢园艺工作。故选B。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“She adds that the program’s benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. “They get outside,” she says, “and they feel successful.”(她补充说，该项目的好处不仅仅是营养。一些学生对园艺非常感兴趣，他们把种子带回家，开始自己的菜园。此外，在花园里工作似乎对Jaramillo的特殊教育学生有镇静作用，他们中的许多人都有情绪控制问题。“他们走出去，”她说，“感觉很成功。”)”可知，这个项目不仅给学生提供了有营养的食物，而且许多学生回家开创了自己的菜园，对有情绪控制问题的学生也起到了镇静作用。由此可推知，该项目的影响是深远的。故选D。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts a school garden program at four low-income schools. The program aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles.(Abby Jaramillo说，一开始是这样，她和另一位老师在四所低收入学校启动了“城市萌芽”学校花园项目。该项目旨在帮助学生发展科学技能、环境意识和健康的生活方式)” 和最后一段的“Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. (一些学生对园艺非常感兴趣，于是他们把种子带回家，开始种自己的菜园)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了Abby Jaramillo等老师在低收入学校发起的培养学生科学能力，环保意识以及健康生活方式的Urban Sprouts花园项目，让学生种植蔬菜，对学生影响深远，因此A项“Growing Vegetable Lovers(蔬菜种植爱好者)”符合文意，最适合作为本文标题。故选A。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
How to make a string drip system (滴灌系统) to water your plants
You’re all packed and ready for your vacation. ____16____ We’ll help you leave all your worries behind with simple ways to water plants while away. Whether your plants are indoors or outdoors, we’ve got them covered.
Place a jug (罐) filled with one gallon of water next to your plants. Position the jug where it is out of direct sunlight so the water won’t evaporate (蒸发) too quickly. Don’t fill the jug with water yet. ____17____ If you’re only going for a few days and have a small plant, a mason jar will be big enough to keep it watered.
Cut a long piece of cotton or nylon string. Measuring isn’t necessary, but make sure the string is long enough to reach from the jug to the base of your plants. Cut one piece of string for each of your plants. If you have a lot of pieces of string, tie a paperclip (回形针) on each piece to keep them separated. ____18____ If it can’t, this method won’t work.
____19____ Lower the string until the end of the string touches the bottom. This way, you won’t run into the risk of the jug running out of water while you are away. If you tie paperclips on your string, drop the paperclips into the water to hold the end of the string down.
Push the other end of the string about three inches into the soil. ____20____ Partial sun is fine, but if there is too much sunlight, the string will dry out before it can get the water to the plants.
Position the mouth of the jug above the top of the plant. If your jug isn’t high enough, place it on a shelf, upturned pot, or a large book. Gravity will pull water from the jug down into your plants’ soil.
A. But what about your plants
B. The string must be able to hold water.
C. Place one end of the string inside the jug.
D. Make sure the string is out of direct sunlight.
E. The plants prefer direct sunlight to being indoors.
F. Generally, a gallon of water will keep your plants watered for about a week.
G. Place your plants indoors or outdoors, depending on what works best for you.
【答案】16. A 17. F 18. B 19. C 20. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了制作绳子滴灌系统来浇灌植物的方法。。
【16题详解】
根据上文“You’re all packed and ready for your vacation.(你已经收拾好行李，准备去度假了。)”和下文“We’ll help you leave all your worries behind with simple ways to water plants while away.(我们将用简单的方法帮助你在外出时给植物浇水，把所有的烦恼都抛在脑后。)”可知，空处承接上文中的假设，提出疑问，旅行时植物该怎么办？A项中的“plants”和下文中的“water plants”对应。A项：But what about your plants (那你的植物呢？)符合语境。故选A。
【17题详解】
根据上文“Don’t fill the jug with water yet.(先别把罐子装满水。)”可知，空处解释上文中提到的不需要再加水的原因。F项：Generally, a gallon of water will keep your plants watered for about a week.(一般来说，一加仑的水可以让你的植物保持一个星期的水分。)符合语境。故选F。
【18题详解】
根据上文“If you have a lot of pieces of string, tie a paperclip (回形针) on each piece to keep them separated.(如果你有很多绳子，在每一根绳子上系一个回形针，使它们分开。)”和下文“If it can’t, this method won’t work.(如果不能，这种方法将不起作用。)”可知，空处针对下文中的假设提出具体条件，B项中的“the string”和上文中的“a lot of pieces of string”对应。B项：The string must be able to hold water.(绳子必须能承载水的重量。)符合语境。故选B。
【19题详解】
根据下文“Lower the string until the end of the string touches the bottom.(把绳子放低，直到绳子的末端触底。)”可知，C项：Place one end of the string inside the jug.(把绳子的一端放在罐子里。)中的“one end of the string”与下文中的“the end of the string”对应，符合语境。故选C。
【20题详解】
根据下文“Partial sun is fine, but if there is too much sunlight, the string will dry out before it can get the water to the plants.(部分阳光是可以，但是如果阳光太多，绳子会在把水送到植物身上之前就干了。)”可知，空处内容和阳光有关，D项中的“out of direct sunlight”和下文中的“partial sun is fine”。D项：Make sure the string is out of direct sunlight.(确保绳子没有阳光直射。)符合语境。故选D。
第三部分 课内语言知识运用（共两节，满分15分）
第一节 根据课文内容，完成句子（共10小题，每空格一词，每词1分）。
21. 就像口头语言一样，身势语因文化而异。关键是使用身势语的方式要与你所处的文化相适应。
Just like spoken language, body language ________ from culture to culture. The crucial thing is using body language in a way that is ________ to the culture you are in.
【答案】 ①. varies ②. appropriate
【解析】
【详解】考查动词以及形容词。根据句意可知，第一个空处需要动词vary“变化”，在句中作谓语动词。本句话陈述一般事实，所以用一般现在时态，主语为body language，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式；第二个空处需要形容词appropriate“适当的”，在从句中作表语。故填①varies②appropriate。
22. 据估算，现在中国国内消费的稻米有大约60%来自袁隆平的杂交水稻品种形成的作物。
Today, it is ________ that about 60 percent of ________ rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan’s hybrid strains.
【答案】 ①. estimated ②. domestic
【解析】
【详解】考查固定句型和形容词。表示“据估算”句型it is estimated that…；表示“国内”应用形容词domestic，作定语。故填①estimated；②domestic。
23. 他对艺术的深刻鉴赏力经常给他科学研究带来灵感。
His deep ________ for art often gave him ________ in his scientific research.
【答案】 ①. appreciation ②. inspiration
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。根据句意及所给句子可知，第一空表示“鉴赏力”可用名词appreciation，作主语；第二空表示“灵感”可用名词inspiration，作宾语。故填①appreciation；②inspiration。
24. 总而言之，出国留学有助于塑造人格，增加人们对文化多样性的了解，同时增强中国的实力，为大家打造一个共同的未来。
All in all, studying abroad helps to build character and increase people’s understanding of ________ diversity while ________ China and building a shared future for all.
【答案】 ①. cultural ②. strengthening
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词和状语从句的省略。根据中文提示可知，表示“文化”应用cultural，为形容词，在本句中作定语；表示“增强”应用strengthen，为动词，而这里考查状语从句省略，把从句的主语和be动词省略，完整句型应为while studying abroad is strengthening China and building a shared future for all。故填①cultural；②strengthening。
25. 除此以外，为了保持身体健康，你还可以食用不同种类的新鲜食物，尤其是富含维生素和纤维素的水果和蔬菜，而不是加工食品。
Beyond this, you can keep healthy by ________ different categories of fresh foods, especially fruit and vegetables, which are full of vitamins and fibre, rather than ________ foods.
【答案】 ①. consuming ②. processed
【解析】
【详解】考查动名词和形容词。根据中文提示可知，表示“食用”应用consume，为动词，而这里应用动名词形式作介词后宾语；表示“加工食品”应用processed foods，其中processed表“（食品）经过特殊加工的”，为形容词，在本句中作定语，符合句意。故填consuming；processed。
第二节 根据语境，选择下框中的短语，必要时用正确的形式填空。框中有两个为多余的短语。（共5小题，每题1分）
选词填空
be exposed to; consist of; subscribe to; keep… free of; be occupied with; be to blame; break down
26. Some social app companies __________ because they didn’t check their users’ registration.
27. Fully __________ the research work, she couldn’t spend most of her spare time with her children.
28. A medical team __________ experts and medical staff arrived at the scene shortly after the earthquake.
29. To stay healthy it is suggested that we __________ ourselves __________ tobacco and alcohol.
30. __________ strong sunlight will do harm to your skin.
【答案】26. were to blame
27. occupied with
28. consisting of
29. ①. keep ②. free of
30. Being exposed to
【解析】
【26题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：一些社交应用公司应该受到指责，因为他们没有检查用户的注册。根据“because they didn’t check their users’ registration”以及句意“受到指责”可知应填be to blame，根据后文didn’t可知为一般过去时，主语为companies，谓语用复数。故填were to blame。
【27题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：她忙于研究工作，不能把大部分业余时间花在孩子们身上。根据“she couldn’t spend most of her spare time with her children”以及句意“忙于”可知应填be occupied with，此处为过去分词作状语。故填occupied with。
【28题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：一个由专家和医务人员组成的医疗队在地震发生后不久就到达了现场。根据“experts and medical staff”以及句意“由……组成”可知应填consist of，分析句子结构可知与逻辑主语A medical team构成主动关系，故用现在分词作定语。故填consisting of。
【29题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：为了保持健康，建议我们远离烟酒。根据“tobacco and alcohol”以及句意“远离”可知应填keep…free of，此处为虚拟语气，从句谓语用should+动词原形，should可以省略。故填①keep；②free of。
【30题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：暴露在强烈的阳光下会伤害你的皮肤。根据“strong sunlight”以及句意“暴露”可知应填be exposed to，作主语应用动名词形式。故填Being exposed to。
第四部分 语言知识运用（满分15分）
第一节 完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Back in 1930, one economist predicted that with technological change and improvements in productivity, we’d only be working 15 hours a week by now. But while working hours have ____31____ by 26%, most of us still average 42.5 hours a week. One of the things he underestimated is the human desire to ____32____ with our peers.
So when some predicted that automation would create an extra amount of ____33____ time, needless to say, that didn’t happen. In the 1980s, managers could demand employees under the ____34____ that jobs could be given to someone else thanks to computerization. The ____35____ piled on. Overwork has been proven to ____36____ many diseases and even death. ____37____we carried on — until COVID-19 came along.
Besides making us work longer hours from home, COVID-19 bas also ____38____ the move towards the adoption of automated machine. By 2050, some professor predicts that at least 40% of current jobs will be lost to ____39____.
There are ____40____. Jobs that involve complex social interactions are all likely to ____41____ the AI revolution. As are jobs that rely on creativity. The same also goes for____42____ jobs, due to the large number of different objects and the variety of ways those objects need to be cleaned. Also, robots are unlikely to ____43____ in the “work” of taking care of children, preparing lunchboxes, etc.
Those whose work falls outside the caring, cleaning or creative field will still work in future, just ____44____. In about 60% of occupations, a third of the tasks can be automated, meaning changes to the way we work. One study has predicted that over the next 20 years, 7.2 million new jobs will be ____45____ as a result. So we will work in future: we just don’t know what we’ll be doing yet.
31. A. declined B. increased C. continued D. kept
32. A. disagree B. compete C. cooperate D. identify
33. A. working B. tough C. leisure D. active
34. A. fantasy B. influence C. threat D. impression
35. A. joy B. cash C. ambition D. pressure
36. A. attend to B. lead to C. appeal to D. add to
37. A. Otherwise B. Still C. Furthermore D. Therefore
38. A. speeded up B. followed up C. prepared for D. planned for
39. A. overwork B. labour C. automation D. science
40. A. dreams B. models C. expectations D. exceptions
41. A. cause B. cease C. survive D. undergo
42. A. caring B. cleaning C. curing D. coaching
43. A. assist B. exist C. believe D. understand
44. A. hardly B. differently C. unfortunately D. probably
45. A. lost B. recovered C. substituted D. created
【答案】31. A 32. B 33. C 34. C 35. D 36. B 37. B 38. A 39. C 40. D 41. C 42. B 43. A 44. B 45. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了人类工作时间的变化以及自动化对工作方式的影响。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是，虽然工作时间减少了26%，我们大多数人每周平均工作时间仍然是42.5小时。A. declined下降；B. increased增加；C. continued继续；D. kept保持。根据上文“we’d only be working 15 hours a week by now”以及but表转折可知，虽然工作时间减少了26%，我们大多数人每周平均工作时间仍然是42.5小时，while引导让步状语从句，表转折。故选A
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他低估了人类与同龄人竞争的欲望。A. disagree不同意；B. compete比赛；C. cooperate合作；D. identify识别。根据下文“with our peers”可知，人类喜欢和同伴竞争，导致大多数人工作得比我们需要的更多。故选B。
【33题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当一些人预测自动化将创造更多的闲暇时间时，不用说，这并没有发生。A. working有工作的；B. tough艰难的；C. leisure闲暇的；D. active活跃的。根据上文“automation would create an extra amount of”可知，自动化应该带来更多的闲暇时间。故选C。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于20世纪80年代的计算机化，管理人员可以在工作可能被交给别人的威胁下对员工提出更多的要求。A. fantasy幻想；B. influence影响；C. threat威胁；D. impression印象。根据下文“that jobs could be given to someone else”可知，管理人员可以在工作可能被交给别人的威胁下对员工提出更多的要求。故选C。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：压力越来越大。A. joy玩笑；B. cash现金；C. ambition抱负；D. pressure压力。根据下文“Overwork”可知，这里指人类的压力越来越大了。故选D。
【36题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：工作过度已被证明会导致许多疾病甚至死亡。A. attend to处理；B. lead to导致；C. appeal to呼吁；D. add to增加。由下文“many diseases and even death”可知，这里指过多工作导致许多疾病。故选B。
【37题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：但我们仍然坚持了下来，直到COVID-19出现。A. Otherwise否则；B. Still仍然；C. Furthermore此外；D. Therefore因此。根据上文“Overwork has been proven to 6 many diseases and even death.”以及下文“we carried on”可知，过度工作虽然有很多坏处，但我们仍然坚持下来了。故选B。
【38题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：除了让我们在家工作的时间更长外，新冠肺炎还加快了采用自动化机器的步伐。A. speeded up加速；B. followed up跟上；C. prepared for准备；D. planned for制定计划。根据下文“some professor predicts that at least 40% of current jobs will be lost to 9 .”可知，COVID-19加速了自动化机器的采用。故选A。
【39题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：一些教授预测，到2050年，至少40%的现有工作岗位将因自动化而流失。A. overwork劳累过度；B. labour劳动；C. automation自动化；D. science科学。根据上文“the move towards the adoption of automated machine”可知，这里指到2050年，目前至少40%的工作岗位将被自动化取代。故选C。
【40题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：也有例外。A. dreams梦想；B. models模型；C. expectations期待；D. exceptions例外。根据下文“Jobs that involve complex social interactions are all likely to 11 the AI revolution.”可知，不是所有的工作都会被取代，有一些工作例外。故选D。
【41题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：涉及复杂社会互动的工作都有可能在人工智能革命中幸存下来。A. cause造成；B. cease终止；C. survive生存；D. undergo经历。根据上文“Jobs that involve complex social interactions”可知，涉及复杂社会互动的工作有可能在人工智能革命中幸存下来。故选C。
【42题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：清洁工作也是如此，因为有大量不同的物体以及清洁这些物体的方式多种多样。A. caring关心；B. cleaning清理；C. curing治愈；D. coaching指导。根据下文“due to the large number of different objects and the variety of ways those objects need to be cleaned”可知，此处指清洁工作。故选B。
【43题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：此外，机器人不太可能协助照顾孩子、准备午餐盒等“工作”。A. assist帮助，协助；B. exist存在；C. believe相信；D. understand理解。根据下文“taking care of children, preparing lunchboxes, etc”可知，这里指机器人不太可能协助照顾孩子、准备午餐盒等工作。故选A。
【44题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：那些工作不在护理、清洁或创意领域的人将来仍然会工作，只是工作方式不同而已。A. hardly几乎不；B. differently不同地；C. unfortunately不幸地；D. probably可能。根据上文“Those whose work falls outside the caring, cleaning or creative field will still work in future”以及just可知，这里指这些工作还是存在，只是工作方式有所不同。指故选B。
【45题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：一项研究预测，在未来20年内，将因此创造720万个新的就业机会。A. lost丢失；B. recovered恢复；C. substituted代替；D. created创造。根据下文“So we will work in future: we just don’t know what we’ll be doing yet.”可知，人类将来仍然会工作。说明是产生720万个新创造出岗位。故选D。
第II卷（满分50分）
第五部分（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Zhang Guimei, who has dedicated her 40 years to education at China’s southwestern border, ____46____ (be) a “mother” for more than. 170 children and a principal motivating young girls from impoverished families in ____47____ (mountain) areas.
Teaching at a middle school in Huaping county, she saw many girls drop ____48____ of school due to poverty. She realized that an educated female is able to cut the intergenerational ____49____ (transmit) of poverty and change the future of three generations. In 2002, Zhang started her preparation to build a free all-girls high school, in hope of changing the destiny of the girls in the mountain ____50____ lifting them out of poverty.
In 2007, Zhang went to Beijing for the 17th Communist Party of China (CPC) National Congress as a deputy. Her report, ____51____ title was “I have a dream” made her dream of building a free all girls high school known to all. Later, ____52____ (sponsor) by both the Lijiang and Huaping governments, Zhang’s school was completed.
The school, ____53____ (bear) to fight against poverty, is a shelter for a number of girls in that area. During the past 13 years, the school has nurtured over 1,800 students who have made it ____54____ universities.
Zhang suffers from 23 diseases, but she is still working selflessly. She gets up at 5:00 am and is always the first one among all the staff ____55____ (arrive) at school. Zhang has made over 1,600 family visits annually for the past 12 years.
【答案】46. is 47. mountainous
48. out 49. transmission
50. and 51. whose
52. having been sponsored##sponsored
53. born 54. to
55. to arrive
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文，讲述了张桂梅致力于中国西南偏远地区的女子教育的感人事迹。
【46题详解】
考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：张桂梅在中国西南边境为教育事业奉献了40年，她是170多名儿童的“母亲”，也是一名激励山区贫困家庭年轻女孩的校长。分析句子结构可知，本句是who引导的非限制性定语从句，be动词作主句谓语，描述客观状态，用一般现在时，主语是Zhang Guimei为第三人称单数。故填is。
【47题详解】
考查形容词。句意：张桂梅在中国西南边境为教育事业奉献了40年，她是170多名儿童的“母亲”，也是一名激励山区贫困家庭年轻女孩的校长。空后是名词，所以空处应填形容词作定语，mountain的形容词形式是mountainous意为“多山的”。故填mountainous。
【48题详解】
考查介词。句意：在华平县的一所中学教书时，她看到许多女孩因贫困而辍学。此处是固定搭配：drop out意为“辍学”。故填out。
【49题详解】
考查名词。句意：这让她非常伤心，也让她意识到，一个受过教育的女性可以切断贫困的代际传递，改变三代人的未来。空前是形容词，所以空处应填名词作宾语，transmit的名词形式是transmission，为不可数名词，在本句中作宾语。故填transmission。
【50题详解】
考查连词。句意：2002年，张开始筹备建立一所免费的女子高中，希望改变山区女孩的命运，让她们摆脱贫困。根据句意可知changing the destiny of the girls in the mountain和“lifting them out of poverty是并列关系，应用并列连词and连接。故填and。
【51题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：她的报告的标题是“我有一个梦想”，这让她梦想建立一所免费的女子高中。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是Her report，在从句中作定语修饰title，用whose引导。故填whose。
【52题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：后来，在丽江和华坪政府的共同资助下，张的学校建成了。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词was completed，所以sponsor用非谓语形式，和逻辑主语 Zhang’s school之间是被动关系，sponsor动作发生在学校建成之前，所以这里可以用过去分词或者过去分词完成式作状语。故填having been sponsored或者sponsored。
【53题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：这所学校是为消除贫困而设立的，是该地区一些女孩的庇护所。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词is，所以bear用非谓语形式，和逻辑主语school之间是被动关系，用过去分词形式在本句中作状语。故填born。
【54题详解】
考查介词。句意：在过去的13年里，学校培养了1800多名进入大学的学生。此处是固定搭配：make it to sth.意为“成功进入...”。故填to。
【55题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：她早上5点起床，总是第一个到学校。此处是固定句型：主语+be+序数词+名词+to do意为“第几做某事”，不定式作后置定语。故填to arrive。
第六部分 写作（满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
56. 假设你是李华，是学校英语报的记者。你们学校食堂和学生会近期联合举办了主题为“饮食与健康”的一系列活动，请就此次活动写一篇英文报道。主要内容：1. 活动目的；2. 活动内容（二个以上）；3. 活动反响。
注意：
1. 词数：80左右；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Peter,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Peter,
Our school has recently held a food culture festival with the goal of offering hands-on opportunities for us students.
During the activity, we invited some local chefs to demonstrate key cooking skills on the spot. Some students were encouraged to help prepare the food while others were happy to learn some basic cooking skills while enjoying delicious food and fun stories behind them.
All the students and faculty accepted the activity well, saying it was both fun and practical. As we all should forget our work and enjoy life for some time, it is hoped that we can hold the activity annually.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生就学校食堂和学生会近期联合举办了主题为“饮食与健康”的一系列活动写一篇英文报道。其内容包括： 活动目的、活动内容（二个以上）和活动反响。
【详解】1.词汇积累
目的：goal→aim
机会：opportunity →chance
激励：encourage →motivate
帮助：help→assist
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句： During the activity, we invited some local chefs to demonstrate key cooking skills on the spot.
拓展句：During the activity, we invited some local chefs, who demonstrated key cooking skills on the spot.
【点睛】【高分句型1】All the students and faculty accepted the activity well, saying it was both fun and practical. （运用了现在分词作状语）
【高分句型2】 As we all should forget our work and enjoy life for some time, it is hoped that we can hold the activity annually.（运用了as引导的原因状语从句和that引导的主语从句）
第二节（满分25分）
57. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
A Precious Dress
I was raised in a family where my parents were united in their way of bringing up children, but it mostly fell to my mother to actually carry it out, and she managed the family budget effortlessly. Looking back, I honestly think I would be a different person if my mum hadn’t turned a dress into a life lesson I carry with me today.
If we complained about not having what another kid did, we’d hear something like I don’t care what so-and-so got for his birthday, you are not getting a car for your birthday or a lavish sweet-16 party. We had to earn our allowance (零用钱) by doing chores around the house. My brothers can no doubt remember hours spent cleaning the house. I can still remember how long it took to polish the legs of our dining table. Sometimes, I couldn’t even contain my envy of Chloe, a neighbourhood girl, always beautifully dressed, whose parents satisfied her with almost every need.
One day, my mother drove me downtown to buy some household necessities-and there it was in the shopping window. Pink, lovely, delicately trimmed (镶嵌着) with lace, the dress winked (眨眼) at me and I knew I had to have it. “It’s beautiful, ” my mother said when I pointed it out to her. “What a beautiful dress! ”
I tried to hide my desire at first. But then I guess I couldn’t stand it any longer. “Mum, please get it I’ll do anything, but I need that dress. I love it. Please ”
I was desperate.
“You know,” she said, gently rubbing my back, “if you save up, you could buy this yourself.”
“By the time I make enough, it’ll be sold!”
“There might be a way,” she said.
And so our paying plan unfolded. Mum bought the dress and put it safely in some hiding place where I couldn’t find. Each week I eagerly counted my growing savings increased by extra work. Weeks later, I counted and jumped for joy. Oh, I made it! I finally had the exact amount we’d agreed on Having put on my dress, I flew to school like a bird. However, the unthinkable happened.
The moment I arrived at the school gate, Chloe appeared in exactly the same dress.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Hearing me crying loudly, Mum gently pushed open the door.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】参考范文：
The moment I arrived at the school gate, Chloe appeared in exactly the same dress. At the sight of this horrible turn of events, I was green with envy. “How ridiculous!” my heart sank. For Chloe, getting such a dress was merely a piece of cake, while for me, I had to do it with all my might. With a mixed feeling of rage and grief, I dashed home to tell my mother about this disaster. “It’s unfair!” I exclaimed with fury, storming into my room and slamming the door before she could respond.
Hearing me crying, Mum gently pushed open the door. “Honey, are you OK ” she walked up to me, gathered me into her arms and tenderly wiped away my tears. “Look!” she pointed at the shiny dress hanging in the most visible place, adding “Your dress is the most precious one because you paid for it. Don’t you think so ” On hearing what she said, I felt much relieved. “Yes, you earned it through hard work,” a firm and cheerful voice answered in my heart. Nothing could be better than gaining the precious thing in that way!
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开。讲述了作者的母亲从小就培养他们的独立意识，要求孩子们必须通过做家务来挣钱去买自己想要的东西。作者看中一件漂亮的裙子，等攒够了足够的钱时，却发现同班女孩非常轻易地就拥有同样的裙子，作者感到非常不公平，最终在母亲的开导下，意识到通过自己的努力获得的东西才是最有价值的。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“我一到学校门口，克洛伊就穿着同样的衣服出现了。”可知，第一段可描写作者看到同学穿着同样的裙子的反应。
②由第二段首句内容“听到我的哭声，妈妈轻轻地推开门。”可知，第二段可描写母亲对作者的开导和教育。
2.续写线索：做家务挣零花钱——相中裙子——努力攒钱——感到不公——母亲开导——感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
①冲进家：dash home/rush home
②大叫：exclaim/shout
③走近：walk up to/approach to
情绪类
①温柔地：tenderly/fondly
②开心的：cheerful/joyful/delighted
【点睛】[高分句型1]“It’s unfair!” I exclaimed with fury, storming into my room and slamming the door before she could respond.（运用了现在分词作状语及before引导的时间状语从句）
[高分句型2]On hearing what she said, I felt much relieved.（运用了what引导的宾语从句）
1-5 ABACB 6-10 ACBBA 11-15 CAABB 16-20 BCACB
