2024届高三英语复习—— 人类生存、社会发展与环境的关系
第一部分 话题词汇积累
单词&短语
1 n. 日晒，晒黑；晒伤
2. v./n.挣扎，奋斗，努力
3. n.十年，十年期
4. n.冗员，额外人员； [口]特级品，特大号商品；超级市场 adj.特级的，极好的，非凡的
5. n.饥饿，渴望 v.使饥饿；渴望
6. n.产量，输出；输出量
7. adj. 引起烦恼的，令人不安的 vt.扩大，扩展，张开，使发，详谈；引申
9. v.循环，流通；传递；传播；流传
10. n.战役，战斗 v.搏斗，奋斗
11. adv. 因此，所以
12. vt.摆脱，除去；扔掉；丢弃；消除；赶走
13. n. 自由，自主
14. v.配备，装备；使有所准备，使有能力
15. v.输出，出口；传播 n.输出(品)
16. n. 国籍； (构成国家一部分的)民族
17. n.工作，职业，占领；消遣；使用；居住
18. v.使迷惑，使为难；混淆；搞错
19. n.发现，发觉， —discover v.发现
20. v.集中，聚焦， n.焦点，中心点
21.protect rare animals and plants
22.popularize environmental protection knowledge
23.enhance the awareness of the importance of environmental protection
24.improve the eco-environment
25.develop solar energy
26.provide habitats for a huge number of wild animals and plants
27.supply water and food for human beings
28.pay great attention to the conservation of forest
29.result in a series of problems
30.helps low down the pace of global warming
完形高频短语
1.above all
2.after all
3.apart from
4.as a result of
5.as for
6.as if
7.as/so long as
8.as to
9.as usual
10.as well
11.as well as
12.at least
13.at most
14.at times
15.before long
16.by all/no means
17.by chance
18.calm down
19.due to
20.even so
21.even if/though
22.except for
23.ever since
24.far from
25.for lack of
26.get rid of
27.in addition
28.in addition(to)
29.in a hurry
30.in case(of)
31.in detail
32.in exchange for
33.in favour of
34.in fact
35.in need of
36.in other words
37.in return
38.in short
39.in spite of
40.in the end
41.instead of
42.in store(for sb.)
43.in terms of
44.in time
45.in turn
46.in vain
47.now and then
48.now that
49.on behalf of
50.on purpose
51.on the contrary
52.on the whole
53.once again
54.once in a while
55.once more
56.other than
57.out of place
58.out of sight
59.rather than
60.so far
词汇拓展
1. rather than 用作连词，连接两个平行结构。既可以表示主观愿望上的抉择， “与其…… 宁可 ……”,也可以表示客观
程度上的差异， “与其说是……不如说是 … …”。
I, you,should do the work.该做这工作的是我，而不是你。
I think I'll have a cold drink coffee.我想喝冷饮，而不是咖啡。
You are doing this for yourself for your friend.
你不是为你朋友，而是为你自己做这种事。
I always prefer starting early, leaving everything to the last minute.
我一直都是尽早开始做事，而不是把所有事情都留到最后。
She insisted on having the room papered painted.
她坚持要用纸裱糊房间，而不是把房间粉刷一下。
I decided to write telephone.我决定写信而不是打电话。
I prefer to work remain idle.我宁愿工作也不愿闲着。
He told a lie get his friend into trouble.他宁愿说谎也不愿连累朋友。
It was what he had eaten what he had drunk that made him ill.
使他得病的不是他喝的东西，而是他吃的东西。
2.as well as 用于本义，可视为 as... as 结构与 well 的自然搭配，其意为“与……一样好”。
用于引申义，表示“不但……而且”“ 既是…… 也是”“而且”“还”。
as well as 常用来连接两个并列的成分，作“也，还”解。它强调的是前一项，后一项只是顺便提
及。因此连接并列主语时，谓语动词与前一项一致；而用 not only...but also...连接时，谓语动词与后一项一致。
He sings ,if not better than,Mary.要是他唱歌不比玛丽唱得更好，但至少也是一样好。
He grows flowers vegetables.他既种菜也种花。
learning to swim he has been taking Spanish lessons this summer.
今年夏天，他除了学习游泳外，还在上西班牙语课。
He speaks Spanish English and French.他不仅会说英语和法语，还会说西班牙语。
Tom his parents is going to London.汤姆和他的父母要去伦敦。
【联想】 as well 常用作状语，作“又；也”解，相当于 too 或 also,常位于句末，无须用逗号与句子分开。
如： China is a socialist country,and a developing country as well.
中国是一个社会主义国家，也是一个发展中国家。
I not only play the guitar,Ising as well(=I also sing).我不但弹吉他，而且还演唱。
活学活用
一、阅读下列句子，在空白处填入 1 个单词或用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1.It's you, rather than he, that (be)to blame for the accident.
2.So far the teacher as well as the students (see)the film.
3.She stared out of the window, (lose)in a daydream.
4.He gave me some tomatoes in exchange a lift into town.
5.Although (face)a terrible situation,we shouldn't lose control or drink too much.
二、翻译句子
1.只要你努力学习，就一定会达到预定的目的。 (as long as)
2.学生应学会如何充分利用时间发展各项技能。 (make use of)
3.银行经理问他的助手能否在一周制定出投资计划。 (workout)
4.我要到伦敦去，我妹妹也要去。 (as well)
第二部分 话题阅读训练
（A）阅读理解
If plastic had been invented when the Pilgrims sailed from Plymouth, England, to North America － and their Mayflower had been stocked with bottled water and plastic-wrapped snacks ，their plastic waste would likely still be around four centuries later.Atlantic waves and sunlight would have worn all that plastic into tiny bits. And those bits might still be
floating around the world's oceans today, waiting to be eaten by some fish or oysters, and finally perhaps by one of us.
Because plastic wasn't invented until the late 19th century, and its production only really took off around 1950, we have a mere 9.2 billion tons of the stuff to deal with. Of that, more than 6.9 billion tons have become waste. And of that waste，a surprising 6.3 billion tons never made it to a recycling bin－the figure that shocked the scientists who published the
numbers in 2017.
No one knows how much unrecycled plastic waste ends up in the ocean, the earth's last sink. In 2015, Jenna Jambeck, an engineering professor of the University of Georgia ，caught everyone's attention with a rough estimate ：between 5.3
million and 14 million tons of plastic waste each year just come from coastal regions.
Meanwhile, ocean plastic is estimated to kill millions of marine(海洋的) animals every year. Nearly 700 species ， including endangered ones, are known to have been affected by it. Some are harmed visibly, stuck by abandoned things made of plastic.Many more are probably harmed invisibly.Marine species of all sizes, from zooplankton to whales, now eat
microplastics, the bits smaller than one-fifth of an inch across.
“This isn't a problem that we don't know what the solution is ，” says Ted Siegler, a Vermont resource economist who has spent more than 25 years working with developing nations on garbage.“We know how to pick up garbage. Anyone can
do it.We know how to deal with it. We know how to recycle. It's a matter of building the necessary institutions and systems
ideally before the ocean turns into a thin soup of plastic.”
1 ．Why does the author mention the Pilgrims in Paragraph 1
A ．To prove plastic was difficult to invent.
B ．To introduce what marine animals like eating.
C ．To tell the Pilgrims contributed a lot to the marine protection.
D ．To show plastic waste has a lasting effect on the ocean.
2 ．What's the main trouble marine animals face according to the text
A ．Lacking protection.
B ．Being stuck by plastics.
C ．Being caught by humans.
D ．Treating plastics as food.
3 ．What does Ted Siegler want to tell us in the last paragraph
A ．Some people don't know the solution to plastic waste.
B ．Plastics will turn the ocean into a soup of plastic.
C ．It's time to take measures to deal with plastic waste.
D ．People should avoid using plastics to protect the ocean.
4 ．From which is the text probably taken
A ．A biology textbook.
B ．A travel brochure.
C ．An environmental report.
D ．A lifestyle magazine.
（B）语法填空
The wildfires in Australia became considerably worse in January, 2020.The disaster faced by 1. country is far from over. Many of the fires 2. (send) smoke high into the atmosphere and some smoke turned into pyrocumulonimbus clouds(火云). The clouds could help a fire draw in more air and shift surface winds，3. (result)in fire tornadoes ( 龙卷风). Fires have destroyed habitats for animals that 4. (find) only in Australia, including koalas and rare birds. It will take time to fully know how much harm the fires have done 5. wildlife. The wildfires are expected 6. (continue) burning for months as Australia entered its dry season.
This past year, 2019, is the hottest and driest year on record. The fires happen 7. (regular) during the Australian dry season. However, climate and natural changes are making the situation 8. (bad). At least 12 million acres have been burned so far in Victoria and New South Wales alone.Smoke from the fires has made 9. to South America. There is so much smoke that it may stay in the air for months ，10. could have a small effect on the
planet's climate.2024届高三英语复习—— 人类生存、社会发展与环境的关系
第一部分 话题词汇积累
单词&短语
1 n. 日晒，晒黑；晒伤
2. v./n.挣扎，奋斗，努力
3. n.十年，十年期
4. n.冗员，额外人员； [口]特级品，特大号商品；超级市场 adj.特级的，极好的，非凡的
5. n.饥饿，渴望 v.使饥饿；渴望
6. n.产量，输出；输出量
7. adj. 引起烦恼的，令人不安的 vt.扩大，扩展，张开，使发，详谈；引申
9. v.循环，流通；传递；传播；流传
10. n.战役，战斗 v.搏斗，奋斗
11. adv. 因此，所以
12. vt.摆脱，除去；扔掉；丢弃；消除；赶走
13. n. 自由，自主
14. v.配备，装备；使有所准备，使有能力
15. v.输出，出口；传播 n.输出(品)
16. n. 国籍； (构成国家一部分的)民族
17. n.工作，职业，占领；消遣；使用；居住
18. v.使迷惑，使为难；混淆；搞错
19. n.发现，发觉， —discover v.发现
20. v.集中，聚焦， n.焦点，中心点
21.protect rare animals and plants
22.popularize environmental protection knowledge
23.enhance the awareness of the importance of environmental protection
24.improve the eco-environment
25.develop solar energy
26.provide habitats for a huge number of wild animals and plants
27.supply water and food for human beings
28.pay great attention to the conservation of forest
29.result in a series of problems
30.helps low down the pace of global warming
完形高频短语
1.above all
2.after all
3.apart from
4.as a result of
5.as for
6.as if
7.as/so long as
8.as to
9.as usual
10.as well
11.as well as
12.at least
13.at most
14.at times
15.before long
16.by all/no means
17.by chance
18.calm down
19.due to
20.even so
21.even if/though
22.except for
23.ever since
24.far from
25.for lack of
26.get rid of
27.in addition
28.in addition(to)
29.in a hurry
30.in case(of)
31.in detail
32.in exchange for
33.in favour of
34.in fact
35.in need of
36.in other words
37.in return
38.in short
39.in spite of
40.in the end
41.instead of
42.in store(for sb.)
43.in terms of
44.in time
45.in turn
46.in vain
47.now and then
48.now that
49.on behalf of
50.on purpose
51.on the contrary
52.on the whole
53.once again
54.once in a while
55.once more
56.other than
57.out of place
58.out of sight
59.rather than
60.so far
词汇拓展
1. rather than 用作连词，连接两个平行结构。既可以表示主观愿望上的抉择， “与其…… 宁可 ……”,也可以表示客观
程度上的差异， “与其说是……不如说是 … …”。
I, you,should do the work.该做这工作的是我，而不是你。
I think I'll have a cold drink coffee.我想喝冷饮，而不是咖啡。
You are doing this for yourself for your friend.
你不是为你朋友，而是为你自己做这种事。
I always prefer starting early, leaving everything to the last minute.
我一直都是尽早开始做事，而不是把所有事情都留到最后。
She insisted on having the room papered painted.
她坚持要用纸裱糊房间，而不是把房间粉刷一下。
I decided to write telephone.我决定写信而不是打电话。
I prefer to work remain idle.我宁愿工作也不愿闲着。
He told a lie get his friend into trouble.他宁愿说谎也不愿连累朋友。
It was what he had eaten what he had drunk that made him ill.
使他得病的不是他喝的东西，而是他吃的东西。
2.as well as 用于本义，可视为 as... as 结构与 well 的自然搭配，其意为“与……一样好”。
用于引申义，表示“不但……而且”“ 既是…… 也是”“而且”“还”。
as well as 常用来连接两个并列的成分，作“也，还”解。它强调的是前一项，后一项只是顺便提
及。因此连接并列主语时，谓语动词与前一项一致；而用 not only...but also...连接时，谓语动词与后一项一致。
He sings ,if not better than,Mary.要是他唱歌不比玛丽唱得更好，但至少也是一样好。
He grows flowers vegetables.他既种菜也种花。
learning to swim he has been taking Spanish lessons this summer.
今年夏天，他除了学习游泳外，还在上西班牙语课。
He speaks Spanish English and French.他不仅会说英语和法语，还会说西班牙语。
Tom his parents is going to London.汤姆和他的父母要去伦敦。
【联想】 as well 常用作状语，作“又；也”解，相当于 too 或 also,常位于句末，无须用逗号与句子分开。
如： China is a socialist country,and a developing country as well.
中国是一个社会主义国家，也是一个发展中国家。
I not only play the guitar,Ising as well(=I also sing).我不但弹吉他，而且还演唱。
活学活用
一、阅读下列句子，在空白处填入 1 个单词或用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1.It's you, rather than he, that (be)to blame for the accident.
2.So far the teacher as well as the students (see)the film.
3.She stared out of the window, (lose)in a daydream.
4.He gave me some tomatoes in exchange a lift into town.
5.Although (face)a terrible situation,we shouldn't lose control or drink too much.
二、翻译句子
1.只要你努力学习，就一定会达到预定的目的。 (as long as)
2.学生应学会如何充分利用时间发展各项技能。 (make use of)
3.银行经理问他的助手能否在一周制定出投资计划。 (workout)
4.我要到伦敦去，我妹妹也要去。 (as well)
参考答案
单词&短语
1.sunburn 2.struggle 3.decade 4.super 5.hunger6.output 7.disturbing 8.expand 9.circulate 10.battle
11.therefore 12.rid 13.freedom 14.equip 15.export16.nationality 17.occupation 18.confuse 19.discovery
20.focus21.保护珍稀动植物 22.普及环保知识 23.增强环境意识 24.改善生态环境 25.开发太阳能 26.为大量野生动
植物提供栖息地 27.为人类提供水和食物 28.非常注重森林保护 29.引发一系列问题 30.帮助减缓全球变暖速度
完形高频短语
1.最重要的是；尤其 2.毕竟；终究 3.①除…… 外(别无);若不 ②除…… 外(尚有) 4.作为…… 的结果
5.就……而言 6.好像；似乎 7.只要 8.关于某事 9.像平常一样 10.也；还 11.①与……一样好 ②和；也；除……之 外 12.①(数量上)不少于 ②至少；起码 13.至多；最多 14.有时；间或 15.很快；不久 16.尽一切办法；务必；当然 可以/决不 17.碰巧；意外地 18.(使)平静下来 19.由于；因为 20.尽管如此；即使那样 21.尽管；即使 22.除了…… 外； 除去；只是 23.自从；从…… 以来 24.远非；完全不 25.因缺少 26.摆脱；除去 27.另外；加之 28.除……之外(还) 29.匆忙；急于 30.假使；免得；以防(万一) 31.详细地 32.交换；调换 33.赞同；支持 34.其实；实际上 35.需要 36.
也就是说；换句话说 37.作为交换；作为回报 38.总之；简言之 39.不管；尽管 40.最后；终于 41.代替；而不是
42.即将发生(在某人身上);等待着(某人) 43.从……方面来讲；就……而言 44.迟早；及时 45.依次；反过来；转而
46.徒劳；白辛苦 47.时而；偶尔 48.既然；由于 49.①代表 ②为了…… 50.故意地；有意地 51.正相反；恰恰相反 52.总的看来；总体而言 53.再一次 54.偶尔；间或 55.再一次 56.除…… 以外(except) 57.不在合适的位置上；不合适
的；不相称的 58.看不见；在视野之外 59.而不 60.迄今为止
词汇拓展
1.rather than; rather than; rather than; rather than; rather than;rather than;rather than;rather than;rather than
2.as well as;as well as;As well as;as well as;as well as
活学活用
一、1.are 2.has seen 3.lost 4.for 5.facing
二、 1.As long as you study hard,you are sure to get the expected goal.
2.Students are to learn to make full use of their time to develop various skills and abilities.
3.The bank manager asked his assistant if it was possible for him to work out the investment plan within a week.
4.I am going to London and my sister is going as well.
第二部分 话题阅读训练
（A）阅读理解
If plastic had been invented when the Pilgrims sailed from Plymouth, England, to North America － and their Mayflower had been stocked with bottled water and plastic-wrapped snacks ，their plastic waste would likely still be around four centuries later.Atlantic waves and sunlight would have worn all that plastic into tiny bits. And those bits might still be
floating around the world's oceans today, waiting to be eaten by some fish or oysters, and finally perhaps by one of us.
Because plastic wasn't invented until the late 19th century, and its production only really took off around 1950, we have a mere 9.2 billion tons of the stuff to deal with. Of that, more than 6.9 billion tons have become waste. And of that waste，a surprising 6.3 billion tons never made it to a recycling bin－the figure that shocked the scientists who published the
numbers in 2017.
No one knows how much unrecycled plastic waste ends up in the ocean, the earth's last sink. In 2015, Jenna Jambeck, an engineering professor of the University of Georgia ，caught everyone's attention with a rough estimate ：between 5.3
million and 14 million tons of plastic waste each year just come from coastal regions.
Meanwhile, ocean plastic is estimated to kill millions of marine(海洋的) animals every year. Nearly 700 species ， including endangered ones, are known to have been affected by it. Some are harmed visibly, stuck by abandoned things made of plastic.Many more are probably harmed invisibly.Marine species of all sizes, from zooplankton to whales, now eat
microplastics, the bits smaller than one-fifth of an inch across.
“This isn't a problem that we don't know what the solution is ，” says Ted Siegler, a Vermont resource economist who has spent more than 25 years working with developing nations on garbage.“We know how to pick up garbage. Anyone can
do it.We know how to deal with it. We know how to recycle. It's a matter of building the necessary institutions and systems
ideally before the ocean turns into a thin soup of plastic.”
1 ．Why does the author mention the Pilgrims in Paragraph 1
A ．To prove plastic was difficult to invent.
B ．To introduce what marine animals like eating.
C ．To tell the Pilgrims contributed a lot to the marine protection.
D ．To show plastic waste has a lasting effect on the ocean.
2 ．What's the main trouble marine animals face according to the text
A ．Lacking protection.
B ．Being stuck by plastics.
C ．Being caught by humans.
D ．Treating plastics as food.
3 ．What does Ted Siegler want to tell us in the last paragraph
A ．Some people don't know the solution to plastic waste.
B ．Plastics will turn the ocean into a soup of plastic.
C ．It's time to take measures to deal with plastic waste.
D ．People should avoid using plastics to protect the ocean.
4 ．From which is the text probably taken
A ．A biology textbook.
B ．A travel brochure.
C ．An environmental report.
D ．A lifestyle magazine.
【语篇解读】 本文为说明文， 主题语境是人与自然。文章主要介绍了如今塑料垃圾已经严重地污染了我们的
环境，尤其是海洋环境，人类应该采取措施改变这一现状。
1.D [推理判断题。根据第一段中“And those bits might still be floating around the world's oceans today，waiting to be eaten by some fish or oysters，and finally perhaps by one of us.”可知， 作者在第一段中提到 Pilgrims 是为了表明塑料
垃圾对海洋有持久的影响。故选 D 项。 ]
2.D [细节理解题。根据第四段中“Marine species of all sizes ，from zooplankton to whales ，now eat microplastics，
the bits smaller than one-fifth of an inch across.”可知，海洋动物面临的主要问题是把塑料当作食物。故选 D 项。 ]
3.C [推理判断题。根据最后一段中“It's a matter of building the necessary institutions and systems ideally before the
ocean turns into a thin soup of plastic.”可知， Ted Siegler 想告诉我们是采取措施处理塑料垃圾的时候了。故选 C 项。]
4.C [推理判断题。文章主要是关于海洋垃圾和海洋生物保护的，由此可推知这篇文章可能来自一份环境报告。
故选 C 项。 ]
（B）语法填空
The wildfires in Australia became considerably worse in January, 2020.The disaster faced by 1. country is far from over. Many of the fires 2. (send) smoke high into the atmosphere and some smoke turned into pyrocumulonimbus clouds(火云). The clouds could help a fire draw in more air and shift surface winds，3. (result)
in fire tornadoes ( 龙卷风). Fires have destroyed habitats for animals that 4. (find) only in Australia, including koalas and rare birds. It will take time to fully know how much harm the fires have done 5. wildlife. The wildfires
are expected 6. (continue) burning for months as Australia entered its dry season.
This past year, 2019, is the hottest and driest year on record. The fires happen 7. (regular) during the Australian dry season. However, climate and natural changes are making the situation 8. (bad). At least 12 million acres have been burned so far in Victoria and New South Wales alone.Smoke from the fires has made 9. to South America. There is so much smoke that it may stay in the air for months ，10. could have a small effect on the
planet's climate.
【语篇解读】 本文为说明文，主题语境是人与自然。澳大利亚的森林大火在 2020 年 1 月变得更加严重，同
时火灾产生的烟雾又引发了火焰龙卷风。文章说明了这次大火对澳大利亚的破坏和影响。
1 ．the [考查冠词。 country 意为” 国家“ 时为可数名词，此处特指上文的 Australia 应用定冠词 the 。]
2．sent [考查动词时态。根据后文”and some smoke turned into pyrocumulonimbus clouds(火云)“可知， 此处应用
一般过去时，故填 sent 。]
3．resulting [考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知， result 与其逻辑主语构成主动关系， 故应用现在分词作结
果状语。 ]
4 ．are found [考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。本句描述客观事实， 应使用一般现在时。设空处前面的关系 代词 that 引导定语从句， 先行词为 animals，又因 that 在从句中作主语， 与动词 find 构成被动关系，故填 are
found 。]
5 ．to [考查介词。句意：要完全了解火灾对野生动物造成了多大的伤害将需要时间。do harm to...对……造成
伤害，为固定搭配，故应用介词 to 。]
6 ．to continue [考查非谓语动词。 be expected to do sth.意为”预计做某事“ ，故填 to continue 。]
7 ．regularly [考查副词。修饰动词 happen，应用副词 regularly 。regularly 表示”经常“ 。]
8 ．worse [考查形容词的比较等级。句意：然而，气候和自然的变化使情况变得更糟。表示”更糟“应用形容词
bad 的比较级形式，故填 worse 。]
9 ．it [考查代词。 make it to 为固定搭配，表示”到达“ 。]
10 ．which [考查非限制性定语从句。句意：烟雾如此之多，可能会在空气中停留数月之久，这可能会对地球
的气候产生小的影响。此处指代前面整句话的内容，且从句中缺少主语，故用关系代词 which 。]
